ILIA Sulphur Uptake by Chickpea and Wheat Under Different Cadmium Levels in Clay and Loamy Sand Soils Amrit Kumar Jha’, B. P. Singh”, Manish Kumar™ & Pradeep Prasad” ‘Abstract: An experiment voas conducted during by growing Chickpea and Wheat in Clay and Loamy sand soils of Karoan and ‘Anand with five levels of Ca (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ppm) to asses the effect of Cd levels on $ content in different plant components ofboth crops aswell as § uptake by whole-plant. The result indicated a non-significant effect ofthe graded doses of Gaon S content in plant components, except leaves. However, the total S uptake was significantly reduced at each level of Cd ‘application, The Cx $ x Ci interaction showed antagonistic effect of Cd on total S uptake by chickpea and wheat plant. Keywords: Cadmium Effect, sulphur content, sulphur uptake, chickpea, wheat, clay soil, loamy sand soi INTRODUCTION Cadmium is a pollutant heavy metal encountered in soil and water pollution. Cadmium is added to the soil as a contaminant in fertilizer, manure, municipal wastes, sewage sludge and also from aerial deposition, ‘The amount of Cd contributed from each source varies with location due to differences in soil formation, management practices and exposure to pollution sources (Jones ef al, 1992). Cadmium pollution in soil and its toxic effect are reported from the several parts of the world (Dahiya et.al, 1987). The yield reduction may be due to the effect of Cd on uptake of essential plant nutrients (Khosino, 1973; Ramchandra and D’souza, 1999). MATERIALS AND METHODS ‘A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of varying levels of Cd (Cd, Cd, Cd,, Cd, and Cd, ie, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ppm Cad, respectively) on sulphur uptake by chickpea cv. ICCC-4 (C,) and wheat cv. GW-2 (C,) in clay (S,) and loamy sand (S,) soils of Karvan village and College Agronomy Farm of Anand, Gujarat, respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the soils are given in Table 1. The experiment was conducted in Factorial CRD with three repetitions. Ten kg capacity polythene-lined earthen pots were filled with 8 kg soil. Before transferring the soil to pots, calculated recommended doses of fertilizers were added through solution form. ‘The chickpea and wheat seeds were sown on 21-11- 1999. Irrigation and plant protection measures were taken as per the need. At maturity, the plants were uprooted carefully and after oven drying at 65°C, the dry matter yield of plant componenis was recorded. Wet digestion procedure was employed for preparation of acid extracts. The calcium content in plant samples was analyzed by versanate method (Chang and Bray, 1951). The Ca uptake was calculated by following formula. Cauptake (mg pot-t) = ‘The data on Scontent and $ uptake was subjected to statistical analysis as per methods suggested by Steel and Torrie (1960). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Crop The sulphur content in wheat (C,) leaves was significantly higher than chickpea (C,) leaves. Whereas, the differences in S content among stem and roots of both crops was found to be non significant ‘SMS, KVK, Sahebgan) SMS, KVK, Lohardaga, Research fellow, BAU, Ranchi Jr. Scientist ZRS East Signhbhum, Vol. 28, No. 1-2, January-June 2010 175Amrit Kumar Jha, B. P. Singh, Manish Kumar & Pradeep Prasad Tablet Physico-chemical Properties of the Experimental Soils Characteristics Sei collected Soll collected (from Karsan from Anand ‘, 6 A Mechanical Analysis 1. Coarse sand (8) 78 os 2. Finesand (*) 307 71 3. sile(%) 220 100 4. Chay (%) 440 63 5, Texture Clay Loamy Sand 6. Water Holding Capacity (%) 530 360 B. Chemical Analysis 1 Caco, (%) 10.00 650 2. pH(L25) 802 773 3. BC (125) 062 029 4. CEC femol(p*}kg"l 31.60 1650 5. Onganie Carbon (g kg") 38 24 6. Total N(%) 0.03 02 7. Available N (kg ha) 203 125 8. Available P.O, (hy ha) 27 164 9. Available K,0 (kg ha) 953 778 10, Exch. Ca femol(p")kg"] 1270 690 1. Bxch. Mg [emol(p kg] 580 490 12 Available S (kg ha") 127 9% 13. DIPA Cd (ppm) 0.08 002 (Table 2). The wheat plant (C,) showed significantly higher uptake as compared to chickpea plant (C,). The significant effect of Cd on S uptake might be due to the adverse effect of cadmium on dry matter yield. Effect of Soil The clay (S,) and loamy sand (S,) soils did not show significant difference in regard toS contentiin different plant components. However, the clay soil recorded significantly higher total S uptake than loamy sand soil. It might be due to the higher dry matter yield of the plant when grown in clay soil (Table 2). Effect of Cd Levels The addition of Cd did not significantly influence the S content in leaves, stem and roots of chickpea and wheat plants (Table 2). However, the total sulphur uptake was significantly reduced by each increment in cadmium addition. The Ca, level of Cd recorded significantly lowest total S uptake (27.64 mg pot"). The reduction in S uptake might be due to the reduction of dry weight of the plants due to Cd application. Interaction Effect ‘The total sulphur accumulation by wheat (C,) was significantly higher than chickpea (C,) in both the soils 176 Table2 Sulphur Content () and $ Uptake (mg pot) by Chickpea (G) and Wheat (C) in Clay (S,) and Loamy Sand (S, Soils as ‘Affected by Ca Application Sconten (%) Total S uptake Treatments Leaves Som _Rools__(ng pot) Gi ou 020~«S 2804 & 02% = 01808 5496 SEms oo = occa oom CD.atS% 0008 NS Ns 0259 5, on = 008 5221 5, 019018 05 3080 SEms oo = 00or 0001 oo CD.ats% NS NS Ns 0259 Ca, om 019 sit ca, 02 ©0190 4831 ca, 0% = 019 oat 475 ca, ox = 01907 35.05 ca, 0% ©0019 u8 SEms om 02. 01s CD.at5% NS NS NS osi0 cvs 33647 120 at each level of Cd addition (Table 3). The clay soil (S,) recorded significantly higher S uptake as compared to loamy sand soil (S,) by both the crops at each level of Cd application. ‘Tables Sulphur Uptake (mg pot") by Chickpea (C,) and Wheat (C,) in Clay (S,) and Loamy Sand (S,) Soils as Affected by Cx $x Cd Interaction Crops Soils Calevels G G 5, A, 501 87 a, 480 73 Ca, 355 689 ca, 301 598 Ca, 255 461 s, ca, 262 569 ca, ma 505 ca, 185 4a ca, 187 346 ca, BS 28 CxSxCd SEm+ cD.05% 029 082 CONCLUSION The result of pot culture experiment revealed that application of graded levels of Cd had no significant influence on $ content in plant components of chickpea and wheatin clay and loamy sand soil except eaves. The S removal was significantly reduced by Cd addition. The wheat plant showed significantly International Journal of Tropical Agriculture © Serials Publications, ISSN: 0254-8755‘Sulphur Uptake by Chickpea and Wheat Under Different Cadmium Levels in Clay and Loamy Sand Soils higher S removal than chickpea plant in both the soils. ‘The clay soil recorded significantly higher S uptake by both crops than loamy sand soil. REFERENCES Chang, K. L. and Bray, R. H. (1951), Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Soil and Plant Material Soil Science, 72, 49-458. Dahiya, 5,S,, Goel Sunil, Antil, RS. and Karwasra, SP. S. (1987), Effect of Farmyard Manure and Cadmium on Dry Matter Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize. Tournal ofthe Indian: Society of Soil Science, 35(3), 460-464. Jones, K.C, Jackson, A. and Johnston, A.E. (1992), Evidence for an Increase in the Cd Content of Herbage since 1860's. Environmental Science and Technology, 26, 834-836. Khosino, H. (1973), Cadmium Uptake by Rice and Wheat ‘as Affected by the Application of Phosphate and Some Metal Elements. Bulletin of National Institute of Agricultural Science B (1973). No. 24, 1-51. Tokyo, Japan. Ramchandran, V. and D’Souza, T. J. (1999), Plant Uptake of Cadmium, Zine and Manganese from Soils ‘Amended with Increasing Levels of Cd-enriched Sewage Sludges and City Composts, Journal ofthe Indian Society of Soil Science, 47(4), 738-743, Steel, G. D. and Torrie, JH. (1960), Principles and Procedures ‘of Statics. McGraw Hill Book Co, Inc. New York. Vol. 28, No. 1-2, January-June 2010 7