nit-1: LANGUAGE Comprehension A. Complete each sen'ence below with a word or phrase from the rea letter is given to help you. 2, passage, The fir 1. L______isaset of skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing, Atool for c_. is language. P sills are speaking and writing L _. develops during the first eighteen months of babyhood. The speaking skill develops at about the a __. of one and a half years or so. When we speak, we use g __. Such as the movement of our arms, hands, hea and also facial expressions. 8. When we write, ve use g such as pictures, photographs, charts, tables, et 9. Inv. communication, we use words and sentences. 10. We use gestures and g s in non-verbal communication. on ent xa Complete each sentence below with a word ox phrase from the reading passage. The four language skills are: The first language skill to develop is A baby begins to speak at the age of _ _ tening and __ work together as a pair of skills. The other pair of skills includes : Speaking and writing are skills. Listening and reading are skills. Language is also known as a for communication. The two forms of communication are __ also identifies social class. : . Page au ar Seaensces aneeeeneneeeeea nea eeceaeaaaaeceaaaeaeaaacaaasscaacamammmcmmammmaamaa Give a short answer to each question below. 1. When does a child begin to read and write? 2. What are the productive skills of language? 3. What are the receptive skills of language? 4. Why do we use gestures when we speak? 5. How do we help the reader understand what we write better? 6. What are the two forms of communication? 7. Which language skill is the most difficult for you to learn? Why? 8. Of the four language skills, which skill develops during the first eighteen months of baby- hood? 9. What is language? 10. How many kinds of communication are there? What are they?D. Write the function of each utterance within the brackets given. The first one is done for you as an example. 1. Hello, good morning. (greeting) 2. Can I go back home? (_ 3. P’'mso sorry. a) 4. Please don’t mention it. a) 5. Thanks a lot. (CD) 6. Go straight. (__ 7. Turn right at the junction. ( _) 8. The building is on your right-hand side. ( ) 9. May I know your name, please? a 10. Come here CO 11. Pass me the salt, please. () 12. See you later. : CE) 13. How very kind of you. () 14. What grade are you in? CS) 15. Whata pity! CT) 16, Pm sorry. I’m late. CY 17. May I borrow your correction pen? a 18. It’s my pleasure. (CD) 19. How's your granny? CSS 20. It’s very kind of you to help me. Ct) Vocabulary Countries, Nationalities and Languages A. Completethe table. The firstis done foryou as examples. (Use your dictionary ifnecessary.) COUNTRY NATIONALITY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVE Australia Australian English India . France Australian Germany Italy Japan China . Korea Laos ). Myanmar . The UK, EFSeaeravayennON 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Fill 1. wri dsHrRwh The USA Vietnam ee ne Malaysia _ —_— Thailand _ —_ Cambodia _ Russia _ Indonesia _ —__ Singapore a Spain _ in the blanks with appropriate words from the table in Exercise A. Tike food though I don’t know how to use the chopstick. . He is learning He wants to go to Spain. . | wish to visit Vietnam but I do not speak a word of . like Korean films but I don’t understand a word of 3 . Akimono is a traditional garment, . She grew up in the USA and she speaks _ fluently. . Thave a plan to work in Japan, so I’ am learning 5 . The tourists are from France and they speak only and do not understand a word of English. . Their family comes from Australia. They are . Do vou like Chapati? it is an food. - New Delhi is the capital of I want to go there. - Moscow is the capital of. Have you ever been there? is the nationality of Russia. . They can speak fluently. They have worked in Malaysia for ten years. The Kyat is the currency of . “Mingalabar” is a greeting of . The baht is the currency of . Bangkok is the capital city of He was born in Thailand. He is a He speaks . Naturally, is the primary language spoken in Germany.Reading Read the passage. Mother Tongue a language, also known as mother tongue, is generally the language a person leams first. oer one can have two or more native languages thus being a native bilingual or indeed multilingual. The order in which these languages are leamed is not necessarily the order of proficiency. Lacking in first language skills often make learning other languages difficult. Often a child learns the basics of his or her first language or languages from his or her family. The term mother tongue, however, should not be interpreted to mean that it is the language of one's mother. For instance, in some paternal societies, the wife moves in with the husband and thus may have a different first language or dialect than the local language of the husband. Yet their children usually only speak their local . language 1. 3. According to the passage, first language skills (A) take a very long time to develop (B) play an important role in learning a new language (C) are not transferable to the second language (D) can also have negative effects in foreign language acquisition (E) can aid children only in the beginning stages of learning a second language We understand from the passage that (A) most bilinguals don't have a dominant language (B) the acquisition ofa first language is the most complex skill anyone ever learns (C)_ most children have learning difficulties in acquiring their first language (D) one's mother tongue might not be the language of the parents : (£)_ itis very rare for bilinguals to have equal competence in both their languages One can infer from the reading that (A) one cannot be a native speaker of more than two languages (B) very few children throughout the world learn to speak two languages (©) itis possible for a bilingual to become more competent in his second language (D) bilinguals use their two languages for different purposes and functions (E) only a few people leam to speak his or her mother's language like a nativePractice section for Speaking A. Read the following conversation, And makea conversation with your partner about aforeig language he or she is now learning. " Interview A: Hi.Goodmorning. B: Morning. A: Iwouldliketo havea conversation with you fora little while, B: Yeah A: Areyouleaminga foreign language? B: Yes,lam A: Really. What language are you learning? B: Korean. A: Verynice. Whyare you learning Korean? B: — ThaveaplantoworkinKorea. A: “Howlong have youbeen iearning it? B Thave been learning it for six months. A: — Doyouhave any difficulties in learning it? B: Alittle. Itis very interesting. A: Howdoyousay “Mingalarbar” inKorean? B: “Anyarsityo” is“Mingalarbar” in Korean. ‘A: Andwhatother foreign languages would you liketo learn if youhave achance? B: IfThaveachance, J would like to learn Japan and China. Because they are very popular. nowadays. Itis easy to get a high-paid job ifwe can: speak these languages. A OK, thanks. Nice talking. B: Thankyouverymuch. A: Bye.Haveaniceday! B: Bye. Practise the following. Exercise: A — Deore eee Good morning. oe Yeah. Yes, Lam. _ Korean.Writing A. Use the points suggested below and write a short paragraph of sev Japan. * an island nation * in the north Pacific Ocean + off the coast of the Asia continent * people + Language + Avery advanced country * Manufactures and exports: - Cars - Cameras ~ Televisions, etc. to fen sentences on Japan Write a short paragraph of seven to ten sentences on Myanmar, + Location + Capital + Commercial city + Currency + Population + The heart of Myanmar, + Four main rivers in Myanmar + Exports Myanmariannanne. a Write a short paragraph of seven to ten sentences on the United States of America ¢ Situation 7 * Capital * Population * Currency + Language ¢ Exports The United States of AmericaUnit-2: LITERATURE Comprehension A. Complete each sentence below with a word or phrase from the reading passage. The first letter is given to help you. 1. The English word “literature” is derived from the L__ word “litteratura” “Litteratura” means “W_ ” L must have a lasting effect on the reader. Awriter of a piece of literature may be compared to a p. - Awriter of a piece of literature chooses and uses his ___=—S carefully to mak reader wish to continue reading. Literature is made up of t subjects. P is a kind of free, straightforward writing. The three subjects under literature are: P »P_ and DL There are three kinds of d : Comedy, Tragedy, and Tragicomedy. Ac is a play that is amusing and it makes people laugh. oR wb Sears B. Answer the following. 1. What does the Latin word “literatura” mean? 2. What is the difference between a comedy and a tragedy? 3. What is drama meant for? 4. How many kinds of drama are there? What are they? 5. When can a piece of writing be recognized as literature?Reading Read the passage and answer the questions. Literature Literature is divided into two main categories: fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a story that the author creates from his imagination. Often the author will draw on real-life experience and research the material to make sure that the information is accurate, but overall, the story is not a true story. Novels like Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, Artemis Fowl, and Maniac Magee are examples of popular fiction read by many elementary and middle school students. Non-fiction is based on fact and true situations. Textbooks, newspapers, magazine articles and the encyclopedia are good examples of non-fiction writing. If you were preparing a science project or history report, you would use non-fiction materials as references, Two types of non-fiction writing are expository Il explain how to do something or {ll attempt to persuade the reader writing and persuasive writing. In expository writing, the writer wil explain how something works. In persuasive writing, the author w: to agree with the writer. 1. What is the main idea of the story? (Circle the answer) A. Two main categories of literature are fiction and non-fiction. B. Only fiction is fun to read. C. Non-fiction writing is drawn from textbooks. 2. Aword that means “to bring about, cause or make” is: A. Research B. Create C. Persuade 3. Give an example of one fiction and one non-fiction literary work not listed here. fiction: non-fictiot 4: Why would an author research material for a fictional novel? Circle the correct word to show what type of writing the following would be. 1. Abook about a cat who drives a car to outer space: fiction non-fiction 2. Anewspaper article about a boy won a bicycle race: fiction non-fiction 3. Abook about the life of Harry Porter: fiction non-fiction 4, Astory of how a man grew wings and flew to France: fiction non-fictionGrammar Adjectiv. ‘al Phrases or an -ed/ -en verb as in; An adjectival phrase may begin with a preposition, or an -ing verb, + onthe table/ under the tree / in the garden, etc. + sitting all alone / talking to the teacher / watching TV, etc. + painted by U Ba/ written in Japanese / made in China, etc. A. Underline the adjectival phrase in the following sentences. a) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ™ (8) (9) (10) ay (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) Please wash the dishes in the sink. The girl in the red shirt is my little sister. Are the shoes under the chair yours? The house across the street is mine. The show after this one is my favorite! I want the doll on that shelf. The superhero behind the sofa belongs to Ko Min. I think the light over the table has stopped working. Do you know the man waiting for the bus? I ktiow that woman standing at the gate. I like the poems written by U Phone Naing. Do you like the songs created by Myoma Nyein? The umbrellas made in Pathein are very beautiful. The girl singing on the stage is my sister. The dictionary borrowed from the school library must be returned next week. Have you ever read any detective stories written by Min Theinkha? The bicycle stolen last night belongs to my brother. The boys talking under the mango tree are my classmates. Books sold in that little shop are quite cheap. The dead body buried under the tree is my cat Shwe Mi. eaxrcBdloBo8 sobc85c8 GRoogd . e 908 208 |qpador 005303 ofto8:009 28809, 42 020210503 oreco1e03 onigadTon or296c03 GboRfgo5G:ogoSoafico2103 obom0r soaoGor$RESqo 09503 om: agbarcof BEGq> e980} g8 SEB 0503 oft 04:0 soopego5§o3 oafcorfogeuSqé: conpErapbaoep ly sfgbous}op ourtauré anap&:ag,yo SaySo8:c0geepE:2§03 coxEoac0: s20nfrcdqo omorego} coypé:o72:003Ogt iteco: gaecSo8o> Bqo5 291 aebacot g2:805 onap6 Og Gow apoystd} BoBabcBoS ogt LRoobuBcaxciyn sogoiogagc} aoayliooun:003 Present Simple . The present simple is used to talk about: * a fact that is always true (cofGoobxyfon§oop§ saefsqpE:se aBSepooesgSe Ut e5ou8 fp05086r aepogrra3 gS Braco: ag oBE: ocgorfaficpbanghe Gt eSTaco: soocBacgSoneS: 9 (Gf 028 gBorer:a05Ss Br Bo apoB: BEcrepanhy QW Gea GRORE: oySaoBoRarag08 covbsqyoSoneSe or Goce ogoRE Geognra ph gt ega0p5 soagooSoo08c8 ofa2z51 (set in) oor Bray oxaaunbiongSe Present Continuous Tense The present continuous is used to talk about: (1) an activity that is happening now (w9lgSqoSegoop§ soafoqp§:soqp) (2) a temporary action (axr8a08cSsoonklgbqcSogaog§ aoofaypEscoqp) (3) a planned future arrangement (s2go0050g& cpSecor8§ BoScor'f:cax soefeypErsoep) study the examples below: (1) Mi Miis cooking the rice. She can’t come here. (an activity that is happening now) 1 am staying at this hotel. (a temporary action) Tam leaving for Mandalay at about 10 a.m tomorrow. (a planned future arrangement) os trae aeExercise: Choose one of the three facts from the following sentences. The first one is given for you. 1. She is going to school now. (an activity that is happening now) 2. We are watching the TV now. ( ) 3. They are doing homework at present. ( ) 4. Lam preparing for breakfast. ( ) 5. She is coming back home at this time tomorrow. (CY 6. They are playing football at the moment. ) 7. She is cooking rice. ( _____) 8. Weare holding a party tomorrow night. (CS 9. Ko Ko is reading a novel now. (SY 10. May Lay is washing the clothes (_) ona Serte ardcSSohaqeGoe onacoiecg BEorbayiasorheg doorPractice Put the words in brackets in the Present Simple or Present Continuous. 1. Ko Ko: What are you doing (you/do)? Ma Ma: I (finish) my homework. Zaw Zaw: How (your father/travel) to work every day? Min Min: She (take) the bus. Lay Lay: What (you/ eat)? Moe Moe: An apple. It’s delicious! I (love) apples. U Ba: Look! The boys (swim) in the lake. Ko Gyi: We (swim) once a week. Daw Lay: What (your sister/ do) ? Maw Maw: I (think) he’s angry with me. SeRPANAMWPWNKeys to Unit-1: LANGUAGE Comprehension (A) 1. Language; 2. communication; 3. Productive; 4. Receptive; 5. Listening; 6. age; 7. gestures; 8. graphics; 9. verbal; 10. graphics; (B) 1. listening, speaking, reading and writing 2. listening 3. one and a half years 4. speaking 5. reading and writing 6. productive 7. receptive 8. tool 9. verbal communication and non-verbal communication 10. Language (C) 1. Achild begins to read and write by about four or five years of age. 2. The productive skills of language are speaking and writing. 3. The receptive skills of language are listening and reading, 4. We use gestures when we speak to help the listener understand us better. 5. We help the reader understand what we write better by using graphics such as pictures photographs, charts, tables, etc. 6. The two forms of communication are verbal comn....ication and non-verbal communication 7. Listening skill is the most: difficult for me to learn because I have difficulties in understandin; the speeches of native speakers. 8. Of the four skills, listening skill develops during the first eighteen months of babyhood 5. Language is a set of skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing, 10. There are two kinds of communication: verbal communication and non-verb: communication.OD D. 1. greeting. 2, asking for permission 3, apologizing or expressing regret 4, responding to words of thanks and gratitude 5, thanking or express gratitude 6 7. 8. directing or giving directions directing or giving directions directing or giving directions 9. requesting 10. instructing 11. requesting 12. _ greeting or bidding farewell 13, thanking or expressing gratitude 14. asking 15. apologizing or expressing regret 16. apologizing or expressing regret 17, _ asking for permission 18. responding to words of thanks and gratitude 19. asking 20. thanking or expressing gratitude Vocabulary Countries, Nationalities and Languages A. Complete the table. The first is done for you as examples. (Use your dictionary if neces- sary.) COUNTRY NATIONALITY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVE 1. Australia =. Australian English Australian 2. India Indian Hindi, English Indian 3. France French French French 4. Germany German German German 5. Italy Italian Italian Italiase 6. Japan Japanese Japanese Japanese 7. China Chinese Chinese Chinese 8. Korea Korean Korean Korean 9. Laos Laotian Laotian Lao/ Laotian 10. Myanmar Myanmar Myanmar Myanmar ll. TheUK Briton/the British English British 12. The USA American . English American 13. Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnamese Vietnamese 14. Malaysia Malaysian Malay Malaysian Breren | a:15. Thailand Thai Thai Thai 16. Cambodia Cambodian Cambodian Cambodian 17. . Russia Russian Russian Russian 18. Indonesia Indonesian Indosian Indinesian 19. Singapore Singaporean English, Malay, Mandarin, Tamil 20. Spain Spaniard Spanish Spanish B. 1. Chinese 2. Spanish 3. Vietnamese 4. Korean 5. Japanese 6. English 7. Japanese 8. French 9. Australian 10. Indian - lL. India 12. Russia 13. Russian 14. Malay 15. Myanmar 16. Myanmar 17. Thailand 18. Thailand 19. Thai, Thai 20. German Reading (1) (B) play an important role in learning a new language (2) (D) one's mother tongue might not be the language of the parents (3) (©) itis possible for a bilingual to become more competent in his second languagePractice section for Speaking Interview Hi. Good morning. Morning. I would like to have a conversation with you for a little while. Yeah. Are you leaming a foreign language? Yes, Iam, Really. What language are you learning? Korean. Very nice. Why are you learning Korean? T have a plan to work in Korea. How long have you been learning it? I have been leaming it for six months. Do you have any difficulties in learning it? A little. It is very interesting, How do you say “Mingalarbar” in Korean? “Anyarsityo” is “Mingalarbar” in Korean. And what other foreign languages would you like to leam if you have a chance? IfThave a chance, I would like to learn Japan and China, Because they are very popular nowa- days. It is easy to get a high-paid job if we can speak these languages. OK, thanks, Nice talking. Thank you very much. Bye. Have a nice day! Bye. PROP RPor>er>or>a>erws rope Writing Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. It is located in the North Pacific Ocean off the coast of the Asian continent. Its population is over 126 million. The capital of Japan is Tokyo. The currency is yen. The most widely spoken language in Japan is Japanese. Japan is regarded as the most technologically advanced country in the world. Japan's major export industries include automobiles, computers, cameras, televisions, semiconductors, copper, iron and steel.Myanmar Myanmar is situated in Southeast Asia. Nay Pyi Taw is the capital city of Myanmar. Its commercial city is Yangon. The kyat is the currency of Myanmar. The population of Myanmar is 53. 71 million. The Shwedagon is the heart of Myanmar, There are four major rivers in Myanmar. They are Ayevarwaddy, Chindwin, Sittaung and Thanlwin, Myanmar exports natural gas, wood products, beans, fish, rice, clothing, jade and gems. It is a place to live in because Myanmar are very friendly. The United States of America The US is situated in North America. It has 50 states. Its capital is Washington D.C. Its population is 328. 2 million. its currency is US dollar. The most commonly used language in the United States is English. Its exports are planes, helicopters, spacecraft, computers, telephones, gold, refined petroleum, medical instruments and so on. The US is the most powerful country in the world. fi ett iter eeaeeeaey Keys to Unit-2: LITERATURE Comprehension A. Complete each sentence below with a word or phrase from the reading passage. The first letter is given to help you. 1. Latin Writing Literature painter words three Prose Prose, Poetry and Drama drama comedy Sewranuewn Bi The Latin word “literatura” means writing. ~ 2. “The difference between a comedy and a tragedy is that a comedy is a play that is amusing and it makes people laugh but a tragedy is a play that has a very sad ending 3. Drama is meant for stories in the form of a play which is to be performed on a stage of 6 theatre, or presented as a radio or television programme. 4. There are three kinds of drama: Comedy, Tragedy and Tragicomedy, 5. Apiece of writing can be recognized as literature when it has a lasting effect on the render in such a way that the reader would want to read on and on, and again and again too. 4 Page| 21. «Reading 1. (A) Two main categories of literature are fiction and non-fiction. 2. (C) persuade 3. “Gone with the wind” fiction, “Helen Keller” non-fiction 4. Anauthor would research material for a fictional novel because the writer ‘vould expla how to do something or explain how something works. 5. 1. fiction 2. non-fiction 3. fiction 4. Fiction Grammar ‘A. (1) Please wash the dishes in the sink. (2) The girl in the red shirt is my little sister. (3) Are the shoes under the chair yours? (4) The house across the street is mine. (5) The show after this one is my favorite! (6) I want the doll on that shelf. (7) The superhero behind the sofa belongs to Ko Min. (8) I think the light over the table has stopped working. (9) Do you know the man waiting for the bus? (10) I know that woman standing at the gate (11) __ like the poems written by U Phone Naing. (12) Do you like the songs created by Myoma Nyein? (13) The umbrellas made in Pathein are very beautiful. (14) The girl singing on the stage is my sister. (15) The dictionary borrowed from the school library must be returned next week. (16) Have you ever read any detective stories written by Min Theinkha? (17) The bicycle stolen last night belongs to my brother. (18) _ The boys talking under the mango tree are my classmates. (19) Books sold in that little shop are quite cheap. (20) The dead body buried under the tree is my cat Shwe Mi. The apples bought from the market. The children playing in front of the house. The books on the table. The bridge across the river. The car made in the US. The watch made in Switzerland. The umbrella made in Pathein. My triend beaten by the teacher yesterday. Maung Maung punished by the headmaster . 10. The boy selling oranges in front of the school. 11. The students playing in the class. 12. The eraser lent by Phyu Lay. CEN AARNE13. The book borrowed by Zaw Lay. 14. The purse taken by mother. 15. The workers resting under the tree. Present Simple Exercise: a current situation - a current situation a habitual action a habitual action a habitual action a habitual action a habitual action a habitual action a habitual action a fact that is always true osrcdloic3, Kyaw Kyaw gets up early. yen Beers Uncle does exercises every day. Daw Lay washes the clothes. Phyu Phyu plays tennis. Ko Ko does homework every day. Mother cooks for us every day. Father goes to office every day. The sun sets in the west. U Hla drives a car. Serr avaener Present Continuous Tense Exercise 1, anactivity that is happening now an activity that is happening now an activity that is happening now an activity that is happening now a planned future arrangement an activity that is happening now an activity that is happening now a planned future arrangement an activity that is happening now an activity that is happening now veer Swewnr9 Maw Maw goes to market every morning. Page| ;‘RADE 10 a el , es2008ck5 Practice Searnsweene SeEPAIANAWNE ‘The children are playing in front of the house. They are eating/having breakfast. Teacher is teaching us. Mother is cleaning the house. Father is listening to the radio. U Ba is going to Bago tomorrow. Daw Lay is going to Yangon on coming Tuesday. We are now doing homework. He is reading the newspaper now/ at present/ at the moment. U Hla is building a house in this street. are you doing am finishing does your father travel takes are you eating love are swimming, swim does your sister do think IESE OOOOH Bobo