EQ- D-4os2—/so3 647 Designation: D 1298 ~ 99 (Reapproved 2008) eet Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1 Designation: 160/99 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity rude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method! “Tis nl eed eto ed sgt D 1208; se mar ety flowing he dngaon ine he eof ‘ial opin neve west yo eon in enc ats he oat peel A ‘Suen pln (ensue onsen eam eth rv epee “Thin andnd las eon pri for we aco te Depnet of Dee. 1. Seope 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometes, of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of crude petroleum, peroleum produess, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as lguids, and having a Reid vapor pressure ‘of 101.325 kPa (14,696 psi) or ess 1.2 Values are measured on a hyérometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables: values obtained at other than the sefarence tempernture being hydrometerreadinge and rot density measurements, 13 Values determined as density, relative density, or API aravity can be converted to equivalent values in the ther units av alternate reference temperatures by means ofthe Pettoleum Measurement Tables. 1.4 Annex Al contains a procedure for verifying or ceri. ing the equipment for this test method, 1.5 This standard does not puspart to address all of the safety concems. if any, associated with its use. At is the responsibilty ofthe user of sis standart tw establish appro rite sajery and health practices and determine the applica Dility of regulatory limitations prior to use. "This ot meta is er the jin of ASTM Coonitee DUE a elon Pit sd ena tn A Comms on Pals Mase ela ee whut esprbiny of 00202 FCOMG. the fn ASTIVLAPL Gare sh pe ow Maid Deer US Oty sppcved 193, as pein eon approved in 9 a D1 2, Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards? 1D 97 ‘Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod- ‘ucts (Reid Method) 1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables 1D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Oils 1D 3117 Tost Method for Wax Appearance Poin of Distillate Fuels 1D a0S7 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Produste (API ASPLIN Chapter 1) D177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 82) D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Pewvoleum and Petroleum Products (APL MPMS Chapter 8.3) E 1 Speciticaton for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers 22 API Standards MPM Chapter 81 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Praciice D 057) MPH Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Peuroleum Products (ASTM Practice 14177) For more ASTM said, vii the ASTM wei, wanes 2 ent AST Coe” Seve even, Fa al Book of S18 ‘Sums volun ataraton slr ie sands Doane Sunory 5° 0 east net Amcozan Pevoteum lie (API, 12D St, NW, Wesingion. OC 208Aly 0 1208-99 (2005) MPM Chaplet 83. Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples ‘of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice Dasa) 23. Insite of Petroleum Standards:* IP 389 Determination of wax appearance temperature (WAT) of middle distilae fuels by differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) IP Standard Methods Book, Appendix A, Specifications ~ IP Standard Thermometers 2 180 Standards? 180 649-1 Laboratory glassware — Density hydrometers for general purpose ~ Part 1: Specification 3. Terminology 4.1 Definitions of Terms Specific 10 This Standard: 3.1.1 API gravity, na special function of relative density (peciic gravity) 60/60°F. represented by APL= 141.fsp gr 6S) ~ 1315 o 3.laut Diseussion—No statement of reference temperature is required, a 60°F is included in the definition. 3.12 cloud poing, n—temperatre at which a cloud of wax. crystals first appears in aliquid when itis eooled under specific conditions. 3.1.3 density, nthe mass of liquid per unit volume at 15°C and 101.325 kPa with the standatd unit of measurement being Irilograms per cubic mete 3.1.3.1 Discussion—Other reference temperatures, such 28, 20°C, may be used for some products or in some locations. Less preferred units of measurement (for example, ky/l or sgémL.) ave sill in use. 3.14 observed values, n—values observed at temperatures oper han the specified referee venyeratore, Thea vahice are fonly hydrometer readings and not density. relative density (specie gravity), oF APT gravity at that other temperature, 3.13 pour point, n—lowest temperature at which a test portion of crude petroleum or peirleum product will continue to flow when it is eooled under specified conditions. 3.1.6 relative density (specific gravity) the ratio of the ‘mass of @ given volume of liquid at a specific temperature 10 the mass of an equal volume of pure water at the same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures shall be explicitly sed, 3.1.6.1 Discussion—Common reference temperatures in ‘clude 60/60°F, 20/20°C, 20/4°C. The historic deprecated term specific gravity may still be four. 3.1.7 wax appearance temperature (WAT), n—temperature fa which waxy solids form when a crude peuoleum or petroleum prodvet is caoled under specified conditions. 4, Summary of Test Method 4.1 The sample is brought to a specified temperature and a test ponin is transferred ios hycirometer eylinder that has ‘been brought 10 approximately the same temperawre. The * able on Egy Hs, 6 New Caen St, Landon YIM BAR, * ave nA Nona Ite ANS 25 Wn SL 4 hoo Ne Yor, NY HOLS appropriste hydrometer, also at a similar temperature, is Towered into the test portion and allowed to settle, Alter temperature equilibrium has been reached, the hyérometer seale is read, and the temperature of the test portion is taken, ‘The observed hydrometer reading is reduced to the reference temperature by means ofthe Petroleum Measurement Tables. If necessary, the hydcometer cylinder and its contents are placed ‘8 constant temperature bath 19 avoid excessive temperature ‘variation during the test, 45. Significance and Use 3.1 Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and is products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes 10 ‘volumes or masses, oF both, al the standard reference tempera tures doing custody transfer 5.2 This test method is most suitable for determining the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be vsed for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the Ihydromerer 10 reach equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by ‘employing a suitable meniscus correct 5.3, When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors. are minimized by observing. the Inydrometer reading at a temperature close 1 that ofthe bulk cl emperature ‘5A. Density relative density (specific gravity), or API grav- yy is a factor governing the quality and pricing of crude petroleum, However, tis propery of petroleum is an uncesain indication ofits quality unless correlated with other properties ‘55 Density isan important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels. where it affecis storage, handling find combustion 6. Apparatus 6.1 Hydrometers, of lass. graduated in units of density. relative density, or API gravity as required, conforming to Specification E10 oF INC 980-1, and the requirements given in Table | 6.1.1 The user should ascertain that the instruments used for ‘his test conform to the requirements set out above with respect to materinls, dimensions, and seale errors [n eases where the ‘nscrument is provided with a calibration certificate issued by a recognized slandardizing body. the instrument is classed as ‘erifed and the appropriate coveections listed shall be apptie! TABLE 1 Recommended Hydrometers Tae aes Sat wena vom aa Gre? Covecion ‘et Denstg dan? a1 “Gobo 20 OPO foot 88) “03 “ar fost $988 soe cia Petivedoetygpecke ceg0- ito 220 g0IKE + o0dKe ~0.5N03 ‘janmeneor coat tap Oosd Soans - aaoos om ‘Sa00-3 90 beso ooo = Ocene sooDTe Poo dns sate DaMN OME OSSD 1.300 0059 Cons =0.6m05 “ane Ever le Bealy 0 1298-99 (2005) to the observed readings. Instruments that satisfy the require rents of this test method, but aro not provided with a recognized calibration cerfeate, are classed as unceriie. 62 Thermometers, having range, graduation intervals and maximum permitted sete error show in Table 2 and conform ing to Specification E I of IP Appendix A. 6.2.4 Altemate measuring devices or systems may be used, provided that the total uncertainty ofthe calibrated system is no greater than when using liqud-in-glass thermometers, 63 Hydrometer Cylinder, clear glas, plastic (see 6.3.1), or total. The inside diameter of the eylinder shall be at least 25 mm greater than the outside diameter of the hydrometer and the het shall be Such thatthe appropriate hydrometer floats Jn the test portion with at least 25 mm clearance between the boom of the hydrometer and the bottom of the cylinder: 63.1 Hydrometer eylinders constructed of plastic materials shall be resistant to discoloration or attack by oil samples ang shall not fect te material being tested. They shall not become ‘opaque under profonged exposure co sunlight. 64 Constant-Tenperarure Bath, if required, of dimensions such that itcan secommodaie the hydrometer eylinder withthe test portion filly immersed below the test portion liguid surface, and a temperature contro! system capable of maint ing the bath temperature within 0.25°C of the test emperature throughout the duration ofthe test 65 Siirring Red, optional, of glass or plastic, approximately 400 mn in length, 7. Sampling TLL Unless otherwise specified, samples of non-volatile pewoleum and petroleum products shall be taken by the procedures described in Practices P4087 (APL PAIS Chapter 8.1) and D177 (APL MPMS Chapter 8. 7.2 Samples of volatile crude petroleum or petroleum prod- wets are preferably taken by Practice D417? (APL MPMS Chapter 8.2), using @ variable volume (Hoating piston) sample receiver t6 minimize any loss of light components which may affes the accuraey of the density measurement. Inthe absenee (of this fciy, extreme earé shall be taken to minimize these losses, including the transfer of the sample 10 a chilled ‘container immediatly after sampling te 73 Sample Mixing —May be necessary 1 obuin a est portion representative of the bulk sample 10 be tested, but precautions shall be taken to maintain the integrity of the sample during this operation. Mixing of volatile crude peo eum or petroleum products containing water or sediments, or both, or the heating of waxy volatile crade petroleum of peteoleum products may result in the loss of light components ‘The Following sections (7.3! 10 7.3.4) will give some guidance ‘on sample integrity maimenanes, ‘TABLE? Fecommanded Thesmemeters TS Bans Grader nal Ge Ero ¢ a s108 02 O35 ¢ Soa 85 ozs 23,4 Volatile Crude Petroleum and Petrolew Products Hsing an RVP Greater than 50 kPa—Mix the sample in its original closed container in order 19 minimize the loss of light components. Nor }—Mixingvolaie simples in open containers wil ead fos light components and consequely affect the value of the density ino, 1.32 Wasy Crude Petrolewn-—It the petroleum has pour point above 10°C, ora cloud point or WAT above 15°C, warm the sample to 9°C above the pour point, or3°C above the cloud point or WAT, prior to mixing. Whenever possible, mix the Sample in is oFiginal closed coptainer in order to minimize the Toss of ligt components 7.3.3. Waxy DisrllareWarm the sample to 3°C above is cloud point or WAT prior © mixing. 734 Residual Fuel Oils—Heat the sample to the test temperature prior to mixing (see 8.1.1 and Note 4). 74 Additional information on the mixing and handling of | liquid samples will be found in Practice D 5854 (API MPALS Chapter 8.3) 8. Procedure 8.1 Temperanure of Test SLL Bring the sarmpe o the test termperatuce which shall be seh thatthe sample is sufficiently fluid but not so high as to ‘cause the loss of light components, aor so How aso result inthe ‘appearance of wax in che test portion, Nore 2—The density, clave density or API gravity dterined by the hydrometer iso secur toe ne he velrence eniperaire ‘Nore 3—The volume and density, the clave deni and the API orton ia he Paileum Metsurement Tables re basco heaves fxonnsons of umber of tien mately. Sine these enelhcr Store eed i omg ech wt of table coretion made over the am ‘emperaue itera miinze coors asin fam possible diferences between the cee of the material under tex and the xandint coufeiens, This elfect becomes move important as temperatures Jer from the ference temperate ‘None «~The hyrmeter eadieg is obsined a epee spo pvt i he physonchemicalchoratecsice ofthe rn unde fx “This trots preferly cave othe teen emgarar. or be the value wae in conjunction wi bulk ei easurments, within 3°C of he Bulk vemperaure (se, 8.12 For crude petroleum. bring the sample close 0 the reference temperature of. if wa is presen, (0 9°C above its pour point oF 3°C above its cloud point or WAT, whichever is higher” Nore $F enue pole a inci of he WAT co be fond sig 1 387 i he eet of wing 50 p= 5 of ple The precision of WA for cre poo anng is chong an been Ascrins. 9. Apparatus Verifica 19 oF Certification 9.1 Hydrometers and thermometers shall be ver secordance with the procedures in Annes Al 10, Procedure 10,1 Bring the hydrometer cylinder and thermometer 10 within approximately 5°C of the test temperature, 10,2 Transfer the sample to the clean, temperature: stabilized hydrometer cylinder without splashing, to avoid the ied inAy 0 1288-99 2005) formation of ai bubbles, and minimize evaporation of the ower boiling constituents of more volatile samples. (Warning—Extremely Nammable, Vapors may cause fash Fret 10.3 Transfer bighly volatile samples by siphoning or water lisplacement, (Warning —Siphoning by mouth could esvlt in ingestion of sample!) 1033.1 Samples containing alcohol or other water-soluble materials should be placed into the cylinder by siphoning. 10.4 Remove any air bubbles formed after they have col- lected on the sueface of the test portion, by touching them with ‘piece of clean filter paper before Inserting the hydrometer. 1055 Place the cylinder containing the test portion in a vertical position ina locaton free Irom air curents and where the temperature of the surrounding medium does not change more than 2°C during the time taken to complete the tes. ‘When the temperauee ofthe test portion differs by more than °C from ambient, use a constant temperature bath ro maintain fan even temperature throughout the tet uration 10.6 Insert the appropriate thermometer or temperature ‘measurement device and stir the test portion with a stiring tod. xusing a combination of vertical and rotational motions to ‘ensure uniform tempersture and density throughout the hy: ‘rometereylindes, Record the temperature of the sample tothe nearest 0.1°C and remove the thermometertemperature mea suring device and stirring rod from the hydrometer cylinder. [Nowe 6-Hf a tga thermometer is ase, his is commonly sed dhe ing 08 10.7 Lower the appropriate hydrometer into he Tiguid. and release when in 4 position of equilibrium, taking cae to avoid Wweting the stom above the level at which it floats freely. For Tow viscosity transparent of Wransiucent tiquias observe tne meniscus shape when the hydromeer is pressed below the point of equilibrium about | 10 2 mm and allowed to return 19 equilibrium. IF the meniscus changes. clean the hydrometer stem and repeat uni! the meniscus shape remains const 10.8 For opaque viscous liquids, allow the hydrometer to settle slowly imo ihe liquid 109 For low viscosity (ransparent or translucent liquids press the hydrometer about io scale divisions into the Tiquid, and then release it, imparting a slight spin 10 the hhydsometer on release to assist in bringing it to eest floating freely from the walls of the hydrometer cylinder. Ensure that the remainder of the hydrometer stem, which is above the liquid level, is not wetted as liquid on the stem affects the wading obiaines. 10.10 Allow suficient time for the hydrometer 10 come 10 rest, and forall ar bubbles o come to the surface, Remove any air bubbles before king a reading (see 10.) 10.11 IF the hydrometer cylinder is made of plastic, dissi= pale any static charges by swiping the outside with a damp cloth, (Warning—Static charges often build vp on plastic cylinders and may prevent the hydrometer from oating freely.) 10.12 When the hydromejer has come to rest floating freely way from the walls ofthe cylinder, read the hydrometer scale reading to the. nearest one-lifth of a full scale division in cordance with 10.12.1 oF 10.12.2, 10.12.1 For wansparent liquids, record the hydrometerread- ing asthe point on the bydrometer scale at which the pineipal surface of the liquid euts the seale by placing the eye slighily below the level of the liquid and slowly raising it umil the surluce, first seen as a distorted ellipse, appears to become a sSraight line cutting the hydrometer scale (See Fig. 1. 10.12.2 For opaque liquids record the hydroniter reading at the point on the hydrometer scale to which the sample rises. by| ‘observing withthe eye slightly above the plane ofthe surface of the liquid (see Fig. 2. Nowe 7—When testing opaque gus ening & metal yrometer ‘inde, accurate readings ofthe hyrometr sale ein only be ese the gu sures within 5m ofthe top of the cyinder. 10.13 Immediately alter recording the hydrometer scale reading, carefully lift the hydrometer out of the liquid, inser the thermometer or temperature measurement device and sti the test portion vertically with the stirring rod. Record the temperature of the test portion to the nearest 0.1°C. If this {emperature differs from the previous reading (10.0) by more than 015°C. opest the hydrometer observations and thermom= ‘ter observations until the wemperature becomes sable within 015°C. [f a stable temperature cannot be obtained. place the bhydrometer cylinder in @ constant temperature bath and repeat the procedure trom 105, FIG. 1 Hydrometer Seale Reading for Transparent LiquidsAlly D 1298 - 99 (2005) f Le exe FIG. 2 Hydrometer Seale Reading for Opaque Fide 10.14 IF the tes temperature is higher than 38°C, allow all bhydrometers of the lead shot-in-wax type to drain and cool in 4 vertical position, AL. Caleulation 11.1 Apply aay relevant thermometer corrections 10 the temperature reading observed in |016 and 10.13 and recbrd the average of thove tivo temperatures to the nearest 0.1°C. 11.2 For opaque samples, apply the relevant meniscus correction given in Table I tothe observed hydrometer reading (10.12.2) as hydromiters are calibrated to be read at the principal surface of the liquid, any §—the menses conection F's patina hydeometer i use i Bis 005