| 0 for REVISION OF THE CLTD/CLF COOLING LOAD CALCULATION METHOD By KIRK LINDSEY Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1991 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Nov 1991REVISION OF THE CLTD/CLF COOLING LOAD CALCULATION METHOD Report Approved: Report Advisor Dean of the Graduate CollegeACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first offer thanks to JEHOVAH SHALOM the creator and master of the universe and. to those whose prayers helped bring his presence into the vacuum of my heart. I wish to thank my major advisor Dr. Jeff Spitler for his assistance and guidance during this project. Iam also grateful to Dr. Faye McQuiston, committee member and employer during this project for his help and advise and to Dr. Ron Dougherty the third committee member. I extend gratitude to the Mechanical Engineering staff, secretaries included, for their aid during my studies.TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page L INTRODUCTION General Literature Sowell (1988a,bé¢c). Machler and Iqbal. Objectives... I, METHODOLOGY .. General Calculation of solar energy incident on a surface. Heat gain calculation for walls and roofs Heat gain calculation for windows ... Conversion of heat gain to cooling load. Calculation of CLTD/SCL/CLF.... I. PRINTED TABLES Derivation of wall CLTD table. Derivation of SCL tables Derivation of CLF table for lights Derivation of people and unhooded equipment table.. Derivation of hooded equipment CLFs. IV. COMPUTER GENERATED TABLES. General Program description, Main program ivV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Recommendation: REFERENCES .. APPENDICES... APPENDIX AI. - ROOF CLTDS, 24 & 48 DEG. N. LAT. APPENDIX A2. - WALL CLTDS, 24 & 48 DEG. N. LAT... APPENDIX A3. - SCL VALUES, 24 & 48 DEG. N. LAT... APPENDIX A4. - USING THE PROGRAM CLTDTAB1. INTRODUCTION ‘The advent of refrigerated air conditioning systems in this century necessitated the development of cooling load calculation methods to insure human comfort and economical system performance. To achieve both human comfort and economical system performance, cooling systems must be neither oversized nor undersized. Oversized systems are an initial waste of capital and space, and they consume more energy. Undersized systems can have costly effects on human comfort and productivity. ‘The foundation of modern cooling load calculation methods is the Transfer Function ‘Method (TFM), developed by Mitalas and Stephenson (1967). The TFM is based on two types of transfer functions. The conduction transfer function equation is used to calculate ‘the hourly heat gain through a wall or roof based on current and past values of sol-air temperature and past values of heat gain. The room transfer function equation is used to calculate the hourly cooling load based on current and past values of heat gain and past cooling Joad values. (The room transfer function coefficients are often referred to as weighting factors.) However, the TEM has not been widely used until recently due to the lack of computing power available to HVAC engineers. The CLTD/CLF method was developed as a ‘manual-only technique based on results of the TFM. Recent advances in computer power available to the engineer in the field have spurred further development of the TEM. ‘These advances can also be used to improve the CLTD/CLF method. ‘This paper is a report of the procedures used to update the present CLTD/CLF cooling Joad calculation methodology to take advantage of these advances. LL Literature review 1.1.1 Rudoy and Duran (1975) - work leading to GRP 158 manual The current Cooling Load ‘Temperature Difference (CLTD) method delineated in ASHRAE GRP 158 (1979) is based on work done by Rudoy and Duran (1975). The cooling load due to external heat gains (roofs, walls and fenestrations) and internal heat gains (lights, people and equipment) are calculated separately and added to heat gain due to infiltration to obtain the total zone cooling load.Walls and roofs ‘The Transfer Function Method (TFM) was used to compute cooling loads for 36 types of roofs and 96 different wall constructions. These cooling loads correspond to the heat gain caused by outdoor air temperature and solar radiation under the following standard conditions. 40 Deg North latitude 95F Maximum outdoor design dry bulb temperature 21F Daily temperature range SF Inside design dry bulb temperature 3.0 Btu/hr-ft2-F Ontside heat transfer coefficient 1.46 Btu/hr-ft2-F —_ Inside heat transfer coefficient ‘Hourly cooling loads for a 24 hour period were converted to Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) values by dividing by the roof or wall area and the overall heat transfer coefficient so that the cooling load could be calculated for any wall or roof by the following relation: q=U*A*CLID a where q Cooling load, Btu/hr U = _ Overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2-F A = Area, f? CLTD = Equivalent temperature difference, F CLTDs were calculated for 96 types of walls for a medium type of zone construction. The CLTDs were analyzed for similarity in profile as well as the absolute value. Walls were then grouped into 7 different categories and CLTDs were calculated for 8 facing directions. CLTDs were calculated for 36 types of roofs. The normalized profiles of these roof CLTDs were found to be quite similar. In the paper (1975), Rudoy suggested listing only the peak value, the hour of its occurrence and the range of values for each roof, and listing only one profile to apply for all roofs. However, GRP 158 grouped the roofs into 13 categories with suspended ceilings, and 13 without suspended ceilings making 263 categories in all. It appears that the same technique was eventually applied to roofs as to walls, Both wall and roof CLTDs were published for the month of July only. The following equation was given to adjust for other latitudes and months and other indoor and outdoor design temperatures. CLTDeorr = (CLTD + LM) * K + (78 - Ta) + (Ty - 85) Q) where LM = Latitude month correction factor, found in a table Color adjustment factor, applied after latitude month conection Room temperature, F Outdoor temperature, F It is not clear from either the paper or the GRP 158 manual how this equation was derived. ‘The drawbacks with the CLTD method for walls and roofs are: 1, The wall and roof groups don't cover the range of possible constructions well. 2, Complicated and questionable adjustments are required if a wall or roof does, not match one of the groups listed. (e.g. for each 7 increase in R-value above that of the wall structure in the listed group, move up one group if insulation is on interior of structure and two groups if on exterior. 3. The inaccuracy of correcting for other months and latitudes can be significant. Fenestration e To find the cooling load due to fenestration the heat gain was divided into radiant and conductive portions. The cooling load due to conduction was calculated using the same relation used for roofs and walls, Eq. 1. CLTDs for windows (which can also be applied to doors) were listed for standard conditions and a relation was provided to correct for outdoor daily average temperature other than 85 F and indoor temperatures other than 78 F. The CLTDs are calculated for 40 deg N. latitude which causes some error for other latitudes, but the conduction load from fenestration is such a small portion of the overall load that this was deemed negligible.4 ‘To find the radiant portion of the cooling load the solar heat gain for each hour through a reference glazing material (double strength (1/8 in.) sheet glass) was calculated for different fenestration orientations using the ASHRAE clear sky model. The heat gain was converted to cooling load using the room transfer function equation. Cooling loads corresponding to these heat gains were calculated for light, medium and heavy zone constructions without interior shading and for zones with interior shading. A Cooling Load Factor (CLF) was derived for each hour of the day so that the cooling load for that hour could be found by multiplying the maximum solar heat gain for the day by the hourly CLF as follows: Qr= SHGFyyax * CLF @) where a = Cooling load for reference glazing system, Btu/hr SHGFpyax = Maximum solar heat gain factor Bru/hr CLF = Cooling load factor, ritio cooling load to maximum solar heat gain To account for glazing systems other than the reference system a shading coefficient was developed. Jer heat gain of fenestration 4 Solar heat gain of reference glass So that the cooling load for a particular glazing system would be: = SHGF pax * SC* CLF 6) CLFs were listed for July 21 at 40 Deg north latitude. These CLFs were considered to be representative of all summer months (May through September) at all northern latitudes. The maximnm solar heat gain (SHGFjyqx) was listed for all directions, months and northern latitudes from 0 to 60 Deg in 4 Deg intervals. The cooling load at a particular latitude and month was then found by multiplying the SHGFyycx for that month and latitude by the CLF calculated for July at 40 Deg north. This was the worst problem with the old manual since CLFs calculated for the month of July could be significantly different from those for other months and CLFs calculated at 40 Deg north latitude could be significantly different from those corresponding to other latitudes.5 ‘These errors could well be additive when calculating cooling loads for other months and latitudes. People ‘An energy balance for the human body was developed for the following range of conditions: 1, The skin temperature was varied between 100 F and 80 F. 2. The clothing type was varied from typical business suit to light summer clothing. 3. The temperature of the outer surface of the clothed body was varied between skin temperature and air temperature, 4, The average height of the people was varied from 5.33 ft to 6 ft. ‘The room temperature was held constant at 75 F. ‘The results of the energy balance yielded a convective fraction ranging from 24.58% to 33.58% with a mean average value of 29.65%. Based on the previous calculations a convective fraction was of 30% was deemed to be a reasonable representative value. CLFs were derived for a medium weight zone for each hour of the day. These CLFs were derived by calculating the cooling load corresponding to a unit heat gain, in this zone type, using the room transfer function equation, The CLFs were tabulated for various occupancy profiles. The cooling load due to people is then calculated as follows: a=N (qs * CLF +q) © where q. = Cooling load, Buu/hr N = Number of people 5 = Sensible heat gain per person, Buu/hr 4) = Latent heat gain per person, Btu/hr Equipment ‘An energy balance was developed for many common appliances with several simplifying assumptions applied. The energy balances yielded convective fractions between 32% and 46% for the equipment. A convective fraction of 40% was deemed to6 be appropriate and the room transfer functions were applied to the heat gain to derive cooling loads corresponding to the appliance heat gain. CLFs were derived analogously to those for people. As with people, the latent portion was assumed. to become instantaneous cooling load. The cooling load due to appliances then becomes: = 45 * CLF +4) om where q Cooling load, Btu/hr 4s = sensible heat gain for appliance q = latent heat gain for appliance CLF = Cooling load factor, ratio One table was published to cover all zone constructions; this does not allow for variations in zone construction which somewhat limits accuracy in the case of extremely light or heavy zones. Lights ‘Mitalas (1973) described the cooling load corresponding to heat gain from lights by a transfer function of the following form: = a1 Wer + a2 Wot baer 8) where y= Cooling load from lights at time = t ‘W, = Power input to lights at time = ¢ a, = Coefficient dependant on light fixture and ventilation arrangements b ay coefficient dependant on circulation, type of return and floor weight 1-b-a Cooling loads for lights, corresponding to unit heat gains or power inputs were calculated for lights on for 8 to 16 hours duration in two hour increments using this equation. These hourly cooling loads were. calculated for a 24 hour period. The cooling load induced by a unit heat gain is defined as the Cooling Load Factor (CLF). These CLFs were grouped into 4 groups depending on the permutations of ay and b coefficients. tables were supplied to determine these coefficients for a given light system, ‘The cooling load due to lights was then found with the following equation:ib q3=3.41 * g;* Fy*F,* CLF © where gs = Sensible cooling load, Bru/hr 3.41 = Conversion factor Bu/hr per watt q; = Total lamp wattage, W F, = Fraction of qj in use Fg = Ballast allowance factor for fluorescent fixtures CLF = Cooling load factor 1.1.2 Harris and McQuiston (1988) - methods for grouping walls & roofs ‘To use the CLTD method for walls and roofs, one had to determine which wall or roof type a particular surface matched. To do this the overall conductance and the product of mass times specific heat was determined for the surface in question. If a surface did not exactly match a wall or roof listed, a complicated set of instructions were followed to Pick the best match, This method was tedious to apply and its accuracy was questionable under certain conditions. Harris and McQuiston (1988) performed a study to devise a method for grouping walls and roofs with similar transient heat transfer characteristics, in order to obtain a compact set of conduction heat transfer coefficients which would cover a broad range of constructions. The walls and roofs were classified on the basis of their thermal lag and amplitude characteristics. The thermal or time lag is defined as the time between peak input and peak output heat gains while the amplitude ratio is defined as the ratio of peak output to peak input heat gains. The reference heat input is defined as follows, Qyer= A hy Ty ao) where A =area ‘hg = outside coefficient of heat transfer Te = sol air temperature ‘The output heat gain is found with the conduction heat transfer function equation as follows:fl u AL Shn(ejn- Denisa /A)- 4 LCnl ay nzo n=l azo where q; = Heat gain inside the zone, Btu / hr A = Area, ft? by dq Cp= Conduction heat transfer coefficients te = Outside temperature, F ny = Inside temperature, F ‘The amplitude ratios and time lags were studied for 2,600 walls and 500 roofs. The walls and roofs were grouped on the basis of these thermal characteristics into 41 groups of walls and 42 groups of roofs. The normalized amplitude ratios in each group were within +0% and -20% and the thermal lag within + one hour in each group. Correlational methods were used to find correlations between the amplitude ratio and time lag and the wall or roof’s physical properties or geometry. Important grouping parameters for walls were found to be: Principal wall material (the most massive material in the wall) ‘The material the principal material is combined with (such as gypsum etc.) ‘The R value of the wall ‘Mass placement with respect to insulation (mass in, mass out or integral mass) ae pe Important grouping parameters for roofs were found to be: Principal roof material (the most massive material in the roof) The R value of the roof Mass placement with respect to insulation (mass in, mass out or integral mass) Pepe Presence or absence of a suspended ceiling Using these parameters one can determine into which of the 40 plus groups a particular wall or roof will fall. Each group was assigned a unique set of conduction heat transfer coefficients so as to produce conservative results, These conduction heat transfer9 coefficients are to be used in the conduction transfer function equation to calculate a representative heat gain for any wall or roof in that particular group. 1.1.3 Sowell (1988a,bé&c) - zone classification & weighting factor development Tthas been found that the weighting factors developed by Mitalas and used by Rudoy in GRP 158 are not applicable to all zones. The problem is that these weighting factors do not reflect the effects of many design parameters now known to be important. Thus to insure accurate cooling load calculations for a wide range of zones further research became necessary. ‘Three papers published by Sowell detail the methods used to classify and group 200,640 parametric zones. The first paper (Sowell 1988a) defines the objectives of ASHRAE research project 472 (RP-472) to be : 1. Validate the methodology for calculation of zone dynamic thermal responses to several heat gain components, and 2. ‘To classify zones according to dynamic thermal response characteristics, accounting for full ranges of variation of : floor plan, zone height, number of exterior walls, percent glass, partition type, interior shading, zone location, slab type, mid-floor construction, wall construction, roof construction, floor covering, ceiling type, and furnishings. ‘Weighting factors are used to calculate the zone cooling load at time t, Q; based on past Toads and current and past heat gains using the relation: Qh= Vode + ¥1 Gtr V2 Gt-2- Wi Qe - ¥2 Q.2 (12) where Q cooling load at time t vjand w; = weighting factors a = heat gain at time t Previous cooling loads and heat gains are initially assumed to be zero, and calculations are performed in an iterative manner until the results for a'24 hour cycle converge.| ‘| 10 ‘The weighting factors reported in RP-472 were normalized by dividing the Vj by a factor: Fy = (V+ V1 + Va)/(1 + Wy + Wp) 3) ‘This has the effect of "insulating" the zone so that no input heat gain can conduct back to the outside air. To unnormalize the V; should be multiplied by the F appropriate for the zone being analyzed. 1.1.3a Program used to calculated weighting factors DOE 2.1e, an energy calculation program, was modified to reflect assumptions and data appropriate for peak load calculations. This modified version of DOE 2.1¢ was used to calculate zone weighting factors for all feasible permutations of the 14 parameters outlined in objective 2 of RP-472. The modifications of DOE 2.1¢ are as follows: Radiation A rigorous shortwave solar radiation model was developed using well known diffuse radiative transfer methods (O'Brien 1959; Mitalas 1966; Sowell 1974) to replace the Standard DOE 2.1¢ model. The new model calculates view factors between all surface pairs, and uses these view factors along with the shortwave reflectances and transmittances of each zone surface to complete a transfer matrix that relates the solar energy finally absorbed by each surface to specified initial radiation distributions. Shortwave radiative properties used in the calculations are given by Sowell. (1988b) All incoming solar radiation was treated as direct rather than direct plus diffuse. The solar weighting factors calculated by DOE 2.1c consider only the radiative portion of the energy. The energy absorbed by the glass and conducted inside the zone is not included in the weighting factors. The same view factors calculated for use in the shortwave model were used in the long wave thermal radiation model. The program uses these view factors with a linearized radiation transfer equation to calculate the long wave radiative transfer between surfaces.n Boundary conditions DOE 2.1c boundary conditions on the backside of construction elements comprising the zone boundary were modified to simulate conditions thought to be more common among. small commercial constructions. As an example the backsides of partitions that face the outside wall were assumed to be adjacent to corridors or extemal walls and equal air temperature was assumed in the adjacent zone with no radiant load, Heat transfer coefficients ‘The inside convective heat transfer coefficients were selected as: Vertical walls: he =.57 Bru/hr-f2-F Ceilings: 187 Btu/hr-ft?-F Floors: 739 Brafhr-f2-F ‘The combined convection and radiation outside film coefficient was based on 5 mph wind speed. Outside hegmp = 3.0 Btu/hr-ft2-F Interior shading device ‘The DOE 2.1¢ program does not accurately model interior shading during calculation of, weighting factors, so approximations of the effects of interior shading were made using existing DOE 2.1¢ program features, and engineering judgement. ‘The window element was modeled as an exterior wall and assigned the window's U value, Next the solar heat gain was assumed to strike this exterior wall according to the level of the interior shading parameter i.e. for the 50% shaded case, 50% of the radiation struck the "exterior wall" while the remaining 50% went to the zone interior. The program postulates the presence of a unit solar pulse to calculate the weighting factors. It appears that Sowell calculates a cooling load with these weighting factors. This cooling load is then combined with the cooling load induced by the radiation striking the exterior portion so that a new set of weighting factors can be determined to match the cooling load, however this is not completely clear from Sowell’s paper.2 Furniture Furniture was represented as a thin mass-less sheet, one half the size of the zone floor area, suspended parallel and close to the floor. 50% of the radiation that would have struck the floor was assumed to strike furniture if furniture was present. 1.1.3.b Program verification In the second paper (Sowell 19886), the modified DOE 2.1¢ program was cross- checked with 3 other computer programs capable of calculating zone dynamic response to verify its accuracy in calculating peak cooling loads. The 3 programs were: 1, The CP52 program of the National Research Council of Canada. This program is a direct descendent of software used by Mitalas to calculate the original ASHRAE published zone weighting factors (McKinley 1983) 2. The TARP program (Walton 1983) from the U.S. National Burezu of Standards; Walton developed this program using the thermal balance method found in BLAST. (BLAST Support Office, 1986) 3. The ESP program of ABACUS (Univ. of Shathclyde); a detailed finite difference program, (Clarke 1985) ‘These programs were compared on the basis of the amplitude ratio and delay of the predicted cooling load versus the sinusoidal, 24 hour period solar heat gain used as input. ‘The amplitude ratio and delay for 14 different zone types covering a wide range of zone dynamic responses were examined and compared. The only type of heat gain considered was solar. The programs predicted cooling load amplitude within a discrepancy range of plus or minus 10% of the heat input amplitude, and predicted delay within a discrepancy range of plus or minus .6 hour. ‘The modified DOE 2.1¢ version was also cross-checked with the standard DOE2.1¢ version. The effects of the modification were found to be minimal in most cases.B ¢ Grouping process and description In Sowell's third paper (1988c) the dynamic cooling load response of 200,640 zones based on permutations of the 14 parameters outlined in objective 2 of RP-472, were grouped into groups with similar amplitude ratios and delays. The weighting factors for a single representative zone in the group are then recommended for any zone in the group. The grouping process was repeated four times for the four different heat gain categories; solar, conduction, lighting and people/equipment. Most of the groups had an amplitude range within 0 to 20% and a delay range within - 1/2 to +1/2 hour. The accuracy in a few zone groups was relaxed to 0 to 22% amplitude and + or - .6 hour delay, but in no case did discrepancies exceed these figures. Tables were generated so that weighting factors representative of any zone among the 200,640 permutations could be found. 1.4 Machler and Iqbal (1985) - new clear sky coefficients A paper by Machler and Iqbal (1985) points out the need for revised ASHRAE clear sky coefficients and develops those revised constants. ‘The ASHRAE clear sky irradiation model is of the following form: Ip =A * exp(-B*AMS) a4) direct normal irradiance (W/m2) AandB = tabulated constants for each month AMS = airmass and la= Ipy*C (as) where Ig = diffuse irradiation (W/m2) CC. = tabulated constant (ratio of direct to diffuse)o 4 ‘There are 12 sets of the constants, A, B and C , one for each month. The paper makes the point that these constants need to be revised because the solar constant has been revised by the World Meteorological Organization, (1981) changing from a value of 1322 W/m? to 1367 W/m? (419 Btu/ft? to 433 Bru/ft?) In addition, the results using the old constants never matched well with more accurate detailed simulations during the winter months. The ASHRAE clear sky model always yielded low values of diffuse irradiance for these months. This is a problem that can be corrected with new values of the constant C. Using a parameterization model by Bird and Holstrom (1981), new revised constants A, B, and C were developed. 1.2 Objectives ASHRAE has become the guardian and revisor of cooling load calculation methods for ‘commercial buildings. ASHRAE commissioned Oklahoma State University to update the Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual, ASHRAE GRP 158. The updated manual contains chapters on three cooling load methods, TFM, TETD and CLTD/CLF. The following is a report on the procedures used to update the CLTD/CLF cooling load calculation chapter. This work incorporates modifications and improvements in grouping methodology for roofs and walls delineated by the Harris and McQuiston paper (1988) and uses the weighting factors developed by Sowell (1988) to predict cooling loads more accurately than previously possible. ‘The goals of this project are: 1. Improve the accuracy of the CLTD method. 2, Provide a method that could be used without a computer, for engineers who do not make use of a computer. To some degree, these goals conflict. This conflict was resolved by providing three bank surface + outdcor masinan temperature of 95 F with mean cempersture fof 85 F and daty range of 21 F olar radiation typtesl of elesr day on 2st day of saath + utaide surtace fin sesiatance of 6.299 nr-aq ft-F] /B0u + With or without suspended celling tut ao celling plenum alr retum systene + mslde surtace resistance of 0.605 (hr-sg f6-FI/Btu Adjustrents to Table Daca Design terparatures + Corr. CLID « CLOD + (70 - Te) + (Mm ~ 65) Where Tr « inside temperature end Tw « nean outdoor Eenperacur ‘Tw = naxinun cotdoor cemperature ~ \daily renged/? No adjuserent recomended for color Mo adjustaent resonmanded for vant lation of air space above 8 ceiling + Latitudes ocher ehtn 24, 36 and 49 Moreh Latitude = Linesr interpolation is acceptable or a rable for apeclfie latitude may be generated. see rex. + Months ether than July = For design purposes the dats will suffice for plus er sinus 2 weeks fron the 226t day of given manth ss se so 2% » ° © 2» a 1s 2s 2 6 9 6 @ 82 a ” 2 330 Interpolation can be used to find CLTD values at other latitudes. However it is recommended that option 1 of the supplied computer program CLTDTAB be used. This program will generate a CLTD table for the representative zone, for any northern latitude and month. The table is in other respects identical to the one in the manual. CLTD for ‘months other than July can not be calculated without using the computer program. To find which of the 12 roof types correspond to a particular roof , Table 4 is supplied for the manual user. Using the table and information about the four following roof parameters, the roof type can be determined, 1, Principal roof material 2, The R value of the roof (including air resistances) 3, Mass placement with respect to insulation 4, Presence or absence of a suspended ceiling If the principal roof material would best be represented by one of the roof materials not listed in the printed table, the Zone Specific option of the computer program CLTDTAB must be used. ‘The table in the manual is a subset of the table published by Harris and McQuiston to determine which of their 42 roof types thermodynamically categorizes a particular roof. See Table 5, where the shaded portion represents the portion of the original table published in the manual. The resistance ranges and principal roof materials are listed in numeric code. Two tables in the new manual give definitions for these codes, Tables 2.7 and 2.7b respectively.{ I } Table ¢ Roof Class! fications for Use with Table 3 fo Mase ** (Suspended | -R-Factor | 87, Hood 1€12, HW Con. | AB, Steel | AtCle-Celt | 1 tocacton t cetting | satcenr-r/mcw | im. 1 Zim | Dak Pvemcun 1 ' 118 e020 mass 1 me0 2s s10E | | as e030 wim 4 20 e035 1 115020 1 20025 1 1 25 e030 1 ores 1 1 stom 1 1 weess 1 1 seem 1 1 roms 1 1 ase030 1 mss 1 PLACED | tes 5 010 soto 35 to 20 20 to 25 25 e030 ots 5 010 roto as 20 v0 25 25 t0 20 ovrsipE He smguuastont 1 mass 1 wm 1 10 t015 ' | 25 e036 1 1 1 1 1 1 eo2 1 I BtTable 5 Roof Classifications. ROOF MATERIAL sige 7 EN ne onsen + oi “bgt 4 “18 45 24 10 1845.25 11 = 231825 18 Tales 12384567 4 51018)" 8 7 12.21 1221 22202230 91826 * * 9 18.21 18.21 28 2028.91 91927 8 | 8 sHiiifr2 10 1415 16.17 101920 : 42.1914 15 16 17181920 | 1 52° (4 611 51020101821 | 2 “24 5 11 20102027 18.2729 | 3 ae 9 1220 10 20 2820270 | 4 ae 918 21 17 28 28 202835 | 5 ae {91027 17 265 253535 | é are ele eatreaeiisaetcnes|| 1 piece 61019101321 1221 * | 2 149 1921 23 20 23 922881 99 | 3 [eB aa I 4 | 82120 tee i 5 |jgees7 "| + + + sig 822a1 ea 2003 * 974042 | age 98 a crn a 1284567 8 9101112191415 1617181920 | ‘l oe + + SHRES s 712 51020102021 | 2 :? 489.6 + 51219101922 192220 | 3 ao 51018 © | 7 122111 21 22202230 | 4 eae 91020. %% 912211121 22292831 | 5 oo 91627 #7) 920211621 28212836 | é oe tac et | 9°) 8 512 19 102022 132228 9 20 21 18 21 28 21 28 36 Birearatte tala ¢aiaay 233 3.2 Derivation of wall CLTD Table Harris and McQuiston categorized walls into 41 groups. For manual publication this ‘was reduced to the 15 most common groups. Heat gain for each of the 15 wall types was calculated using the conduction transfer function equation, (Eq. 11) and the conduction transfer function coefficients generated by Hams and McQuiston, ‘The heat gain was calculated for each hour of the day for each of the 15 walls under the following conditions. South facing wall 40 Deg North latitude 2st Day of July BE Inside design dry bulb temperature 9S Outside maximum dry bulb temperature 21F Daily temperature range 3.0 Bowhr-f-F Outside heat transfer coefficient 1.46 Brwhhr-f-F Inside heat transfer coefficient ‘The heat gain was converted to cooling load using the weighting factors developed by Sowell and the room air transfer function equation, (Eq. 12). As with roofs, one set of CLTDs was published. These CLTDs were generated using weighting factors for one representative zone. To find a representative zone, permutations of the 13 zone parameters were considered which were congruent with those considered for roofs. 10,800 zone permutations, as shown in Table 6, were considered for the wall CLTD section of the manual. As with roofs, the maximum CLTD and the hour of its occurrence34 | were computed for all zones, for each of the 15 wall types considered. These CLTDs were calculated for South facing walls only. Table 6 Zone Permutations for Walls, 10,800 total ; Single Bottom & ‘Top floor J midfloor - 123 4 1,2,3 4 1,2,3 walls | watts watt_| walls wat | wats zo |2 [2 za la | ze |2_ |2 { zu lo |2 zu |2 [2 zu l2 [2 nwli_|3 nwii [a wwii [3 rh ise] sala is_|3_ [3 is_{3_|3 ; en |i [i en |i [a rN |i {i ge li [i ee [i i ec |i [1 | pri |2 pr |i [2 Preise) 3 ty Zw i|i_ji Zz |2_ (2 Zao taal | mF ii |i me l2 [2 mF |2 [2 - crl2 [2 crj2 [2 cr [2 [2 i reals etii [a RTs) gee Bor ares ro |2 [2 Ec |2 [2 | ci {3 |3 als [3 Gt saels 432_| 2592 576 | 1152 cs | sive A single representative zone was selected. The range of percent differences between the f) maximum CLTD of this representative zone and the maximum CLTD of any zone among the 10,800 considered under the above standard conditions is listed for each wall type in Table 7.| a Table 7.-- Range of percent differences be- tween computer program value and printed table value. WALL, Percent Difference No. Plus ‘Minus 1 18% 1% 2 17% 8%. 3 17% 1% 4 16% 1% 5 13% 8% 6 14% 6% 1 12% 6% 9 13% 6% 10 10% 6% ui 8% 3% 2 4% 1% 3 4% 4% 14 5% 8% 15, 11%, 6% 16 8% 1% * percent difference = 100 * (table value - C.P. value)/CP. value 35 ‘Most zones have a much lower percent difference. Methods identical to those used for roofs were used to validate the CLTD for off peak hours. CLTD values for 8 directions were calculated for the representative zone for each of the 15 wall types, at Northern latitudes of 24, 36 and 48 degrees, for the month of July. Table & contains the CLITD values for 36 degrees north latitude. Appendix A2. contains CLTD tables for latitudes of 24 and 48 degrees north. Though interpolation can be used for other latitudes it is recommended that the General Analysis Option of program CLTDTAB be used to generate tables for other months and latitudes, These tables can be used with the manual.male 36 Degrees North tacitude, ably Facing 20203 Nia oo 4 mera oe a Fla oo 4 ela 0 4 wiz 0 4 wiz oa 4 mez oa Facing 10203 mi7 os 3 riz 5 4 sis 5 6 sera 8 5 vant no. ae eta 200 42 ant no. a a 8 15 a n “6 wo» ooo solar eine, win non won a3 mou B a “ 6 © a u 2 26 we s 2 0 3s ” se 6 3 cooling Lesd Tenperature Disferencor for Calculating Cooling Load fon sunlit Kalle 30 n Pn 2. 2 6 20 e Fe 5 6 ue n 3 ” n a a a: ‘teste # cooling toad Temperature Differences for Calculating Ccoling Load from Sunlit Walls 36 Degrees Mocth Latitude, July feantinued) \ wii 1 8 6 5 3 2 3 5 6 8 10 12 45 17 20 2 a3 a a8 2 om 18 18 ft eso eee eee Aece esas Bon Mois Ww 7 we a 2 mom mom ine ee ee ee eee ' Rie re ae ae ee ea Li SOCAL Oe ee Pe Asam eae eeeeape eam eRe ea eee Cede OO ggg EO Oa i mig ee eee ee et a aes in} vant wall te. 7 solar etme, ne 1 . SOMA acumen ege eget Tew ee sa em nn wee BH q avo gon oioe 8 ow ar arom ao ap a0 om } Wi2s 22 19 17 18 23 Ho wo MoM 3 ae a7 2 ee a9 a 7k OE ; m2 16 26 3 42 10 8 9 9 8 wom ow wo wo wD and ait Ne Solar sino, he reciog 1 0203 6 § 6 7 8 $ 1D 1 22 22 44 aS 26 17 ue ae zo ao O57 8 ne a a a a Bw a ow 10 15 200 26 27 28 28 meh e272 32039 26 323537 37 37 96 HD Nia as one 7 1 Miwa 1 m8 7 Bim 37 1 2 ao siz 17 14 wae eo ie 26 29 33 as Mes | e119 18 uo uo9 7 304 S$ 8 33 a7 2 8 a alae Te miso 2 mT om 5 5 6 70 3 8 2 2 7 8 G 2 ow oH Wi3s 30025 200 37 33 2 6 6 6 8 ewe t wae as a7 eo 55 6 7 9 2 uM te a 2s 08 38 ae aT| } 38 rrabie @ costing Lond Tnpersture Dittarences for Caleclating Cooling Lead fron Sunil Walls 26 Degrees North Latitude, July (concinved) ent ani ne. 10 Solar eine, ne yeiog 10202304 8 6 7 8 8 ee Se 7 eo wia7 a mo 8 7 6 S$ $ 5 6 7 8 3D ts 37 29 0 22 mom om 8 Mela 16 23 7 6 6 #82 46 20 23 2S 26 27 27 2D 28 27 2 2 Biz 17 18 12 10 @ 7 7 § 36 20 26 30 33 35 35 35 35 36 33 3 We 26 23 seiz 1 is mw 8 ¢ 6 7 2 M4 19 a4 a8 a2 32 32 33 33 a2 30 me sits a7 oa wo # 6 5 4 6 € € 9 19 1a 2 25 20 2 28 me me om oH wiz 2 2 ois 2 we 6 6 6 6 7 8 m0 14 19 25 He 38 Mo ow wim a0 25 ow Mo 8 8 7 7 7 6 1 mow 7 a ws oe mize 2 a m8 25 12 20 8 6 6 6 6 8 10 12 15 19 28 29 3 36 3e Mo ent wanl o. 12 solar tine, Rr reitg 20203 4 5 6 7 § 9 wo 1 Ms we 7 we we wom om Dow wie weite a7 48 2 12 200 8 8 nM 17 2 om 23 me BB 2S as eo ein 39 17 16 M2 42 a 1 IT 2s 2B 30 HHS sei20 1 17 13 13 22 10 18 t 43 46 20 23 26 2e 29 29 29 28 ze 27 2H OM sits a7 1 4 we 8 8 7 7 6 $ 2 1 27 20 2 2 3 2 mM om i272 2 19 17 35 23 12 M1 te 4D 40 41 93 a6 ae ee ae wise 27 28 22020097 35 4¢ 22s eae a3 3 ake mei 2s 22 2 18 16 28 23 42 30 30-8 10 M1 a2 A ee woe goa aT want went no. 32 ino, he wise 3 02 1 10 8 6 meri 17 26 4 12 to 30 2 Te om mo mM ms mB Rw Biz 2 1 16 18 13 32 22 4 47 2 25 27 25 30 3D 30 30 30 29 28 27 os im 2 2 2 we ww oe oN no wo ww NM wm wow Wiso 27 25 23 20 38 46 35 44 43 42 42 33 2 6 We 77 a2 35 57 ae racing 10203 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 4 OM 1S 26 17 we 1s 2D mM ow nis meu 17 ws uo on mo we we em mM ee a we BBR nw Sim 1 a we I uM Bs 1 mm mM ww mM we wR sim a7 we a2 Now 8 8 ww MN ws A mw RR wD p28 22 22022 eae kas Tames aT Wize 26 24 23 2 39 97 a6 AS ke kage 3 nei2s a2 20029 17 16. a4 3 2 22ST HT 21 » : ‘Table @ Cooling Load Tonperature Differences for Calculating Cooling tasd fron suslit Walls 36 popree toreh Larinae, duly (emeinedl [a vant te. 24 solar tie, ne Wy _ cla gow is ie iy we is ie ae ap ay ah ge ata a ae ae a oa } seiay oo a3 oi ae so eas a7 aso 2h ak 2k } S118 27 16 8 26 42 a2 12 tk 22 kok ae eT 1920 2ad oD q aes polar tine, te j Seas aa woo saws Mow 6 7s 8 8 7 8a ws ae ne oat mom nue we pe st ew oa om oa a2 as oat as wma vai we. 16 eee | ring 22 ek we os eo we ow on om om : wie uw nw 3 6 7 7 7 8 9 bn ow 9» @ oo ] ein ow we Mo on we we wo oo mm a as oD 1 Ei2s 23 2) 19 17 28 33 12 12 42 15 18 22 25 28 30 32 32 32 32 32-30 28 aT wie woe wwe aon we wo wa wm oom om wT } sya 2 24 22 19 27 «15 13 ad 10d kB BR BHD wias 3080 as mo a oo Me mas 8 oe (| Dixect Appiication of Daca, tt + Indoor temperature of 78 F u 5 oucdoor naciun temperature of 98 F wlth neancemperaturect #8 F and dslty stage of 21 F 2 foter ruietfon typical of Play day en Zint ay of mench 1 2 ouetie surface fin seotstence of 0.238 hq feu | 2 te surface vestocance of 0.695 (nmaq £91200 : (2) adjusnence to tae ata 4 S"oovign temperatures + COL CLIO = CLT + (08 te) + (IH #1) shure « kid teperatare tnd vs vean cuter Cenperetrertn = meioun itor Cenertre ~ anit sage) /2 v to sajustnene reeannended for color \ + Lacitudes other than 24, 36 and 4€ Horch latieude = Ue + Interpolation Sx acceprabie or = table for a rpecific latitude may be generated. See Cost = For cesign purposed the dacs wilt suffice for plus or minus? wooks fran the 21st day of given noah40 To find which of the 15 wall types correspond to a particular wall, Table 9 is supplied for the manual user. Using Table 9 and information about the following four wall parameters, the wall type can be determined, 1. Principal wall material 2. Material combined with principal material 3. The R value of the wall 4, Mass placement with respect to insulation Principal wall materials are listed in alpha-numeric code at the top of Table 9. Refer to Chapter 26, Table 11 of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundumentals (1989) for code numbers used in wall descriptions. This table is also reproduced as Table 2.5 in the new manual and can be viewed there. The rest of the table should be self explanatory. Table 9 is a subset of the table published by Harris and McQuiston to determine which of their 41 Wall types thermodynamically categorizes a particular wall. In Table 10 the shaded portion represents the portion of the original table that has been published in the manual. Table 10 lists resistance ranges and principal wall materials in numeric code and secondary wall materials in alpha-numeric code. The definitions for these codes are listed in the new manual in Tables 2.6a, 2.66 and 2.6d respectivly. If the wall can not be categorized as one of the 15 most common listed in the manual, the Zone Specific analysis option of the computer program CLTDTAB must be used.| sb.o ee as al2 srobte 9m walt types, anes mventy Dlateibuted, for Vee wih maba3 Vo Secendary 1 RoPacter i Prinetpie wall wacerial "> ' | omeaatal | egteenrervmea | aL 2 8 mo MP ch GPG) ck cS ce OT cet te 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i Bg eee bo Lne SB eo ee De ee Walshe 1 GB eC ke | Btaing 1 7.7 e08.0 1s bee 1 faereeil + sf FF 1 t eewse ts + : eee ' boromzsi a + + . sonore 1 }oaseose ta w+ 7 are 1 | odoreas 1a as : not ott ‘ baceus ra ms . not et Lamseess 0a 2s - wos es 1 meee 1 65 e0778 1 a ae F : 7 2 wed ' Loris: s + 1 ae vorott‘ “ale 108 Wal Type fore Mas Css PRINCIPAL WALL MATERIALS 8 GRU NSRERS Ea Re ae AN ARO 14 15 10 17 te 10 20 20 8ECH 24 28 fe 3 5 ed) 2 : fy ‘ | 1 t 4 t 4 : a ° pina ; Ravaes iisaee ws Hie ae ae“able 109 Will Types fr te inagal Wass Case PRNCIPAL WALL MATERIALS 45 323846 ‘able 106 Wall Type forte Maze Out Case PRINCIPAL WALL MATERIALS a omz-weo0! we 1 18 * 2b a2 23 1s I “8174s B12 23 is 4 vi at aa : 247 3.3. Derivation of SCL tables The calculation of the cooling load due to the conductive heat gain through fenestration driven by the indoor outdoor temperature difference is handled with the CLTD method, just as in the old manual. ‘The ASHRAE clear sky model, with coefficients revised by Machler and Iqbal was used to calculate the radiant portion of the solar heat gain through the standard reference, double strength 1/8 in. sheet glass, under the following conditions; South facing fenestration 40 degrees North latitude 95 F maximum outdoor temperature 21 F outdoor daily temperature range 78 F indoor temperature The heat gain was converted to cooling load for all permutations of the 13 zone parameters which were considered for roofs and walls. The variance in the cooling load for different zones was too large to justify using a single representative zone to calculate tabular values. Four representative zones were used to cover the range of Solar Cooling Load (SCL) values (zones A,B,C,& D). A matrix, shown in Table 11, based on the 7 zone variables most significant for solar radiation was devised to determine which of the four zones best represented a particular zone. For a particular setting of the 7 most significant zone variables, Solar Cooling Loads were calculated for every permutation of the 6 remaining zone variables. By examination of these SCL values one of the four representative zones was chosen to represent each particular matrix setting.‘tabi 11a tone types for Use sith SCL and CLF Tables, Single story Building Floor partition inside | Glass People & tgs! = 1 t 1 Wale covering «Type shade Solar gulpment 1 Poue | aims | Loter2 camet gypsum ton 2 Boustad toter2 carpet can, mx, Loa e e1rerod (oterz vit open uo © ere tor 1 ter2 ving? ypmon Male to Rene! © e ec o1wron }oor2 Vin con mi, DT > poten ot 1 Ferd Vinyl on. Bik, Half co Neel > po1wi et " ie 1 id cemet Grpam 7 oe ® Sued aeseiasaedi ees carpet Con. BK. Malt ro None] a Buerod boos vinyl oypsun Pu) © ere rod boos Vinyl ypu Hal to None c e © o1wrod fe Vinyl con BIR, FUL | e erste boa Vinyl con. BER, Half to None! & © e1werean f eee =! ieeaga caret Gypsur ok 2 aera toa Vinyl Gypsum PL |B € corms et toa vinyl eypsum Half to Nene e corms at ‘+ omhe error band shown in the right hand colts iz fer Golar Cooling Lend (S0L) ‘me error bend for Lights, People & Equiment $2 appreaimately plus or sinus 10 percent o> the attest of inside shade iz negligible in this case 48fl 49 | ‘Table 120 tone Types for Use seh SCL and CLF Tublen, Top Floor of Mulei-story sullding 1 fone Parenocere © ' one Type g | io, MiaeFloor calling Floor Partition people Woke ttt 1 wane "pe wype covering «Type Shate | Solar Bgutprent Prius | Hime 1 lie? jemon Mn Ge Gwe tM 2:5 in. con. with carpet. ypmm wait tomes A ' \ 2S im. con. with Carpet con BIR, Fal \ ee I een ee ee \ 2s im. coms WER Vin) pm) ' 1 2.5 Sm. com. Wieh —Vinyl——ypmn Hale to Monel 1 | | 1 2.5 sm con Mich Vinyl cons BK, PL 1 I \ 215 Sm. con. Wien Vinyl an. BBR, ete ro Monel 1 \ 2:8 in. coms wishes carpet pain ios i n ' 25 incon. leone carpet Cons BK DA 1 u 1 2.5 4m. con. without = vinyl Gypmun ie f . 1 2.5 dn. com. Without vinyl Com. BIk. ron) 1 7 1 205 in. con. Wiehe Vinyl cons BTR, Halt ro Nene : ' x 1 ' 1» 1 4 ' 25 im. con, Wich CADRE Grp HelE co None! ' ' 2s incon. Wich Geepet Gm Bk, ML ' ) \ 25 im com, WIEN CADRE on. BTR, HE Go Hemel \ | ' 2s incon. ich Vin) eypmu |B \ z 1 2.5 in. Con, With vinyl ‘Gypsum Half to Nonel © 1 1 2s incon. Wie) Vimy) emn Bk, PLB 1 i 1 2.5 in. con. ith Vin? Con. BIR. Hale Eo Noel © 1 \ 2.8 tm Cons Without apt ok \ ' 25 incom. wWienoxe Vinyl = pau, \ el 23 ims com. witnonc Vinyl Gypuom Ha to Sone 1 | \ 23 in. con. withous = Vimy? com atk. RAD t \ 1 25 Ins con. wWithous Vinyl om. BTR. AE to Navel \ ' fiat oe eee 1a ' ' 1 cn, Mh ce ae | A) | 1 2.5 in. con. with carpet Gypatin Half ko None a sp eeteeraree ieee \ 2simem. Men vin mm ML tL ' 2s incon, wit) Vinyl) Gypmm Half comet BB TT AI j 1 2 ins cm. witnes ceepet pum MD TR } \ 2s incon. whens carpet Gm Wit tote XBT EL ' 23 incon wie = vim) mm ML st Rk ' 2:5 ims con, leo Vinyl Oypmm «Malt coMnet XE TT I | \ Diss toot a * Sei a ie a srror band shown in the right hend coluna is for Soler Cooling Lead (SCL) | ‘me error band for Lights, Pecple & Egulpnent ie apprasinately plus or s+ mo efcect of this paranecer is negiigibie in this case.‘ante ite tone Types for Use with SCL and CLF Tables, First Floor of wel Picor particion ineide 1 Glam Peoples Lighta! 1 covering Type Shade Solar qutpmene Vptue 1 tne Al ma U = So a ee nl So SSE mace iy ving ype malt u viny) oypaun Halt to None oe emt oom carpet Con. BK. Half £0 ene! i vit opm at Vint oypmun Hate to Nene! . ving oon. man = vinyl con. IR. Half co Hane! cart Open PL carpet ype Half Co ene! carpat con. BIR. Hale to Nene! vin? opm AL ins oypeim Half C0 Nene aie e0 wena! 2.5 tn. com. MIR camper wait vo None) Be sea 1 Bis ince. wien caper to € be } 2:5 tm. cm Mien visyt more 2 bowie a 2's sm em. wien Ving Ware eo Honet > 110 21s dm. com ln ley? mur ° howe 215 4m. cm. wieneve —“carper 7 18 c ee eres) 2:5 tm. can. without carpet runt oe . is eiel 2.5 Sm, con, Without casper wane co menet © reno | 218 tm. cam, Without Vinyl mane eo Menel © 2 1 ower 8 U 218 dm con. without = Vinyl cons ik, Pal? > Loar din Woot carpet ype] » P22 i tn. ood oe caret ype Halt to Nene! a tere dim Mood carpe con. - te . tere . dip. Woot t Vieyl omen . tows Ain. Woot oe vinyl oypeun MATE to Mel 2 owns tl Ain Wood +e Vinyl con. Bie. MALE Co Monel © 5 bow aos ime cme ich campet Opa PULL | . 1 216 sms con. Kien carpet ype MALE to Mena) 8 2 ' L zis im cen. Kish Vinyl ype 7 oe e ' 216 an. cm. Wieneet vinyl ypmun 8 © ' | Yin. Moot come orp ALL 2 1 Ain. Hood oF cerpet—cypeun MALE co Monel > ‘ Ain. Wood ot vig peer. 2 1 ) ain Wood ot Vinyl Gypaun MARE to mene ¢ 2 1st ‘maple 116. tone Types fer Use with Sch and CLP Tables, Midile Floor of MultL-story Buizding tone "ype Vaerer gant 1 partition Inside | Glest People & tights || type shade | Solar quiet Vein | mime 1 1 1 " 1 con. WIEN Carpet Op be 3 1 t Sin. con, Wen Carper eons BK. AMDT c 1 ' tn. con, Win Carper Con, Bik. Hale co Nei ¢ e 1 ' Sinem, with Vind mam AML > ' ' Sin. con, Mich Viny_==Gymmm Halt co Nene! 9 > 1 ' 2s incon, with Vin) io 2 ‘ ' 2.5 in. con. Withee! camer Orn moe 2 1 ' in, con, Without Carper Com. Blk, wT c 1 ' 2.8 in, Con, WithouE = Vinyl Gypaue LB c 1 ' 2.5 in. Con. without vinyl Gypaun Half to Henel © © ' ' 2.5 in. con. Without Vinyl com. BI. wT c ' 1 Bia. Hoot _ vps re a ‘ 1 2 a. Hoot von Bk ta a ‘ " . 13 2.5 tn co. eh carpet Orem 7 18 2 1 1 2.4 in. con. With Caspet Con. BUR. LB e 1 1 2.5 tm. con. With Casper. Con BIK. Half to Monel ¢ 1 1 2S in. co. With Vil yp Pu). > 1 1 2.5 tn. con. With Vinyl ypoum Half to Hens! 9 . ' ' 2.5 tn. con. with Vinyl Gane Bk, PD 8 ' ' 2.5 in. con. With Vinyl Gon. BIK. Half to Menel 9 . 1 ' 2.5 sn, con. Withost Carpet ypouN 1 1 1 ' 2.5 tn. con, Without Carpet Gon. BK, LL © ' ' 2.5 im. con, Wiehost Carpet Con. Blk. Half to Menel 3 © ' ' 2.5 im con. Withost = Vieyl = Oram e 1 ' 2.5 im. con. Without Vinyl == ypaum Hal Eo Menel c 1 ' 2.5 im. ean. Without = Vinyl con. BR. PD « 1 ' 2:8 in. con, Withost Vinyl Can, BIK, Halt te Nensi ¢ « ' ' din, Woot - ypson ares a ' ' Lin. Wood 7 son. Bik. 7 ok a ‘ (4 254m cen. Mth carpet Oypeue 1a « e rere. ‘ 2S in. con. WHER Vinyl ype « eorwr ed 1 2.5 in. con. HEGh Vinyl Oypmum Mat co Monel © « col wre d 1 2.5 in, con. Wlehout carpet Oypoum “18 a e rere 1 2.5 tn. can. wiehout = Viney) = ipeus uD a erzned 1 24 tm. con, without — Vinyl ype af. to Mons! a ec 1 mired 1 a a Peer maat + the error bané given in the right hand column 1s for Solar Ceoling Lesa (6CL). ‘he error band for Lights, People & Equipment 1s approtiaately plus or minus 10 percent. wr me effect of this parameter Lz negligible in ehis case‘Table tie Zone Types for Use with CLF Tables, Interior feons |} Room Midtle —celling Floor | People & Lights | | tecation Floor type Covering tgulmment 1 single story wa | top Floor 2.5 in. con. With too eos 1 2.8 tn. coo. MEE 1 eo 1 2.5 in. Cen. without 1 a4 1 Lim. Wood oo zo | Bot. Floor 2.5 tn. cane ith Sampet e1 1 2S im cont ving Do 2.5 in. Con. wien carpet 1 > dim eo carpet 1 eo ain ' pot . ‘+ the exror bang ip approxinacely plus ar sinus 10 percent. s+ mo oftoct of thle peraneter is negiigibie in this cakefo fn ul 3 ‘The percent difference between the maximum hourly SCL value for the representative zone and the highest and lowest, maximum hourly SCL value in each. matrix setting group is listed as the error band. here error is defined as: error = representative zones max SCL - max SCL for zone G2) max SCL for zone ‘The hourly SCL values for the four representative zones (A,B,C & D) were calculated and published for 8 directions, for northern latitudes of 24, 36 and 48 degrees, for the ‘month of July, along with the matrix to determine which of the four zones best represents a given zone. Table 12 gives SCL values for 36 degrees north latitude. Appendix A3. contains SCL tables for latitudes of 24 and 48 degrees north, If the published error band is unsatisfactory for a particular zone, the Zone Specific Analysis option of Computer program CLTDTAB must be used. The General Analysis option may be used to generate SCLs for the four representative zones for other latitudes and months. ‘The Shading Coefficient is unchanged from the old method so that the radiant portion of the cooling load caused by heat gain through fenestration systems becomes: Gna = A * SCL * SC G3) where Radiant cooling load, Btu/hr Area, fi? Solar cooling load Bro/hr-ft2 SC = Shading coefficient As before, the total cooling load due to fenestration heat gain, q, becomes 954.44 G4) where Qe=U* A*CLTD (of window) acD ica mera or 18 wi? mez B12 12 we mort € Facing 2 “Ere mie B16 wie clase nie win hor 137 o 8 2° zene type 3 a4 aa ene type © sos wou ‘one type D eos no noren Latteude, duly » * 36 n ne 8 90 135 wom nom as 2s aos 120 7107 sv am wou 18 an 208 as 20 2 2 am 136 bogre 2 aa 20 a2 ae Me 3 10 3 a as ae “s ng 35 3s n se 38 a Solar eine, he non ou s1 90 22 ou 86 20 us as solar tive, he st so 46 1% a ss ye 2 solar eine, Be mono. oe 8 ns 8 wos 37 98 ae eso solar tine, ke one san aot ae 395 at 189 ao ns 200 m2 u 2 203 m wm 2 a7 ne me 1 6 ue as as 2 2s ” 18 rs 34 2 8 all a Direct Application of Data ‘+ Scanderd double strength glass with no inside shage + cheer shy, 21st day of senth Adjustnente bo Table Data + Lneituder other ehen 24, 26 and 40 degrees 2. ~ Linear interpolation ie acceprable or a table for a specitic = For design purposed the date will suffice for plue er minus 2 weeks fen the 71a day of given month = Fables may be generated for # specttic month. Seo text + other sypes of glass and intemal zhade = Use shading coeftictente as multiplier, See text + Becermally shaded glace 5556 3.4 Derivation of CLF Table for ‘Weighting factors developed by Sowell were used to calculate CLFs for all permutations of the 13 zone variables outlined earlier. These CLF were calculated for standard conditions as outlined earlier and with lights on for a period of 8 hours, To increase the accuracy of the tabular values while consuming a minimum of manual space, it was decided to use the same matrix used to determine a correct representative zone for Tights as was used to determine a correct representative zone for SCL values. Four zones were chosen to cover the range of CLFs. The procedure used for SCLs was repeated. For each setting of the 7 most significant zone variables CLFs were calculated for every permutation of the 6 remaining zone variables. ‘The CLFs calculated for examination were for lights on in the zone for 8 hours. By examination of these CLF values one of the four representative zones was chosen to represent each matrix setting. (refer to Table 11) ‘The percent difference between each chosen representative zone's hourly CLF value and the corresponding hourly values in all the zones contained in each matrix setting was found to be less than 10% in virtually all cases, Cooling load factors were then calculated and tabulated for the four zones (A,B,C,&D), for a 24 hour period after the lights are first tured on, for "lights on" periods of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 hours. These CLF values are shown in Table 13, The CLF is used to calculate cooling load due to light heat gain just as in the GRP 158 manual. G5 = 3.41 * qj * Fy * F, * CLF ® where 45 = Sensible cooling load, Btu/hr 3.41 = Conversion factor Btu/hr per watt Gi ‘Total lamp wattage, W Fy Fraction of q; in use F, = Ballast allowance factor for fluorescent fixtures CLF = Cooling load factor,J 13. cooling Loed Factors for Lights + ignes M tone Type 0.85 9.92 0.95 9.95 0.92 0.95 0,93 0.98 0.94 0.96 ove Type 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.76 0.06 0.9% 0.76 0.87 0.92 awe 0.88 on zone Type 0.65 0.72 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.83 0.06 0.394 0.8 0.87 0.87 0.98 4.98 0.90 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.56 6.23 0.95 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.40 0.81 0.52 0.52 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.94 bua 0.88 0.86 0.25 0.4 0.86 0.87 0.98 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.91 ‘ee Tube 12 for zone types. Data based on & duper of hours after Lighte are tamed en won i ase 15 187 9.06 0.0¢ 0.03 0.02 9.02 0.02 0.01 9.02 0.98 9.16 6.07 0.06 9.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.88 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.15 0.07 0.05, 0.99 0,99 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.98 9.99 0.35 0.32 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.0 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.97 9,26 8.33 0.08 0.06 9.05 0.06 0.06 0.87 0.97 0,97 0.24 0.24 2.08 0.07 0.05, 0.97 0,97 6.98 0.88 0.98 0.25 0.14 0.09 0.98 0.98 0.88 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.28, 2.18 0.41 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 0. 0.25 @.26 0.23 0.32 6.08 6.08 0.08 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.26 0.20 0.24 0.22 0.19, 0.84 0.85 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.27 0.19 0.18, 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.97 0,97 0.57 0.28 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.22 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.99 0,28 0.25 9.39 0,37 0.25 0.14 9.32, 0.90 0.81 0.92 9.39 0.25 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.91 0.92 0.99 0.96 0.98 0.32 0.26 0.23, Aadhetive/Convestive feuetion of 0.59/9. a 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.07 9.03 9.02 0.02 9.01 0.08 9.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.33 0.12 0.09 9.08 02 0. 31 9.02 9.02 0.02 0.02 9.03 9.03 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.06 9.07 9.06 a 0.0 0.98f | 58 i | 3.5. Derivation of People and Unhooded Equipment Table Previous work on cooling load factors calculated cooling loads due to heat gain from both people and equipment with the equation: {| qq *CLF+q a where q gs = sensible heat gain (of people or equipment) , q = latent heat gain | CLF = Cooling Load Factor 4 A 70% radiant, 30% convective split for sensible heat gain was used 10 calculate CLFs i for people while 2 60% radiant, 40% convective split was used to calculate CLFs for unhooded equipment, However the new weighting factors were generated assuming a 70/30 radianticonvective split for unhooded equipment, consistent with the DOE 2.1¢ energy calculation program's assumptions. Considering the range of radiant percentages possible } for different kinds of equipment this is a reasonable assumption and not significantly 3 different from the value of 60% which was used previously. This allows the use of the A same tables for CLF values for both people and unhooded equipment. ‘The new weighting factors were used to calculate cooling load factors for people and unhooded equipment, due to sensible heat gain under the same standard conditions used previously, for an 8 hour heat gain in the zone. The CLF were calculated for all | ‘permutations of the 13 zone variables outlined earlier. f Four zones were chosen to cover the range of CLFs. The CLF values shown in Table 14 } are those calculated for these four zones and published in the manual. The procedure used for SCLs was repeated. For each setting of the 7 most significant zone variables CLFs were calculated for every permutation of the 6 remaining zone variables. By examination of these CLF values one of the four representative zones was chosen to represent each matrix setting. (refer to Table 11)1 | ‘tune 14 Cooling Lond Factors for People and Undsoded Egtipment * ‘unber of jours After Entry Into Space or Equipment ‘urned On Rasa es ours tm Space tne Fype A 2 9.75 0.98 0.18 0.08 0.08 40.78 0.86 0.93 0.95 0.22 6 0.75 0.86 0.93 0.98 0.97 100.78 0.28 0.93 0.95 0.97 140.76 0,28 0.93 0.96 0.97 180.77 0,89 0.96 0.06 0.57 tone Type 8 2 0.65 0.76 0.16 0.23 0.08 2 oes a7 tone Type © 0.61 9.88 0.73 0.77 0.80 16 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.83 0.05 + see Table 11 for zone type 02 0.01 52 0.98 26 0.28 9.01 0.38 ous 0.30 °. . 28 18 2 ot 0.87 0.38 0.35 oe 09s 0.02 0.02 0.99 3.00, 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.0¢ 0.20 0.23 0.96 0.97 0.85 0.35 0-95 0.98 wow we 7 9 9.00 9.00 0.00 6.00 0.00 ¢.00 4.00 9.09 0.00 0.01 9.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.02 0-02 1.00 0.25 0.12 9.07 3.00 2.00 2.00 0.25 9,02 9.02 9.01 0.01 v.31 9.08 0.06 0.38 9.39 2.00, ous 0.30 vse 0.39 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.95 0.37 0.30 0.25 9.96 0.96 0.97 0.38 ‘ata beset on 2 Radlative/convective fraction of 0.70/0.30 0.05 0.05 0.25 0. o5 oa 0.04 oa on 0.38 039 9.00 eas 0.07 9.00 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.99 0.08, 0.02 0.02 9.02 0.03 9.04 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.33 9.29 0.373.6. Derivation of hooded equipment CLFs For hooded equipment, the convective portion of the heat gain is assumed to all be removed from the zone, leaving only the radiant portion to deal with. The CLF for hooded equipment is derived by subtracting the convective portion of the heat gain from i the unhooded equipment CLF for the hours the equipment is in operation, Then all CLF values are multiplied by the ratio of increase in radiant percentage (e.g, 1/:7). The general procedure is enumerated here and can be used to change the radiant/convective split to other ratios for equipment or lighting CLFs. | 1, Subtract the standard convective fraction, (0.30) from the unhooded CLF values for the hours the equipment is in operation to obtain the unhooded radiative portion of the cooling load. 2, Multiply the unhooded radiative portion of the cooling load (all 24 hours) by nl the actual radiative fraction of the heat gain divided by the radiative fraction of the heat gain that was assumed in the unhooded CLF calculation 1 (eg. 1./.7). u 3, Add the actual convective fraction to the newly derived radiant fraction of the cooling load, for the hours the equipment is on. In this case the actual convective fraction is 0.0 CLE values were calculated in this manner for the same four representave zones used to generate people and equipment CLFs. Table 15 lists these CLFs.rate 15. costing tn oper. 6 06 a2 0.64 4 as0 oss « °. 3 6 se so se 9 0.30 0.6 Factors for Hooded Byutmment * munber of Hours After Bqulpeent te on 06 0. 020 4s based om 0.04 3 1 0 pat on 0.87 0.00 9.00 0.09 8.09 0.03 0.01 9.01 9.01 0.08 9.06 0.04 0. 9.99 0.99 1.00 2.00 0.13 9.20 0,07 0.08 o.2¢ 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.57 0.87 0.99 0.98 0.50 0.40 0.23 0.26 0.53 0.94 0.83 0.43 0.93 0.86 0.96 0.96 0.47 9.38 0.31 0.27 no 2.0 3.003 0.03 0.06 on 0.54 o.28 0.03 oar 0.01 2.20 0.00 0.03 a Raatacive/Conveccive traction of 200/0. 7 0.27 a2 01 o.30 0.30 v.36 0.26 a oor 0.06 0.3 9.08 9.06 0.07 ona 4, COMPUTER GENERATED TABLES ‘The computer program CLTDTAB, has two analysis options, the General and the Zone specific. The general analysis option will generate CLTD tables for the same representative zones, roof types and wall types used to calculate CLTDs for the printed tables. The general analysis option also generates an SCL table for the same four representative zones used for the printed tables. The difference is that these computer generated tables can be generated for any latitude and month of the users choosing. Using the Zone Specific option of the computer program CLTDTAB, CLTD, SCL and or CLF tables can be generated for any zone as described by the 13 zone variables outlined in section 3. Any combination of zone parameter levels can be chosen, which gives the Zone Specific CLTD/SCL/CLF tables a wider range of application than the printed tables. The cooling loads calculated with these CLTD/SCL/CLF values will be essentially identical to the transfer function method as described by Harris and McQuiston (1988) and Sowell (1988). CLTD can be generated for any of the 40 plus wall or roof groups categorized by Harris and McQuiston. 4.1 Program Description The following is a program description. The main program is described and some important subroutines. It should be noted that the WALL subroutine is analogous to the ROOF subroutine and that the PEOP_EQU and UNHOODED siubroutines are analogous to the LIGHTS subroutine, 4.1.1. Main program Program CLTDTAB, (see Fig 3. for flowchart), begins by calling the OPENFILES subroutine which opens the datafiles WTF.626, RTF.626, WIYPE.626, RTYPE.626, ZLINK.626, ZTYPE.626 and ZWF.626, Next the program opens the input file LOAD INP, generated by the interface program, and reads the option number, latitude, month and output filename. For program use consult Appendix A4.‘Open data fies, read Input trom ,€26 flos end interface program joad zone variable Calculate and write root CLTD table for 10 most commn roofs using the ‘opresentative zane Fiead roa typo, calculate and wie toot CLTD table for root typ load wall ype, ealoulate and wie lwall CLTD tat Calculate and write root CLTD table for 10 moct common roofs using the representative zone —_Y_ Calculate and write SCL table for the four representative zones used in manual Fig. 3. Flow chart for CLTDTAB.FORZone specific analysis option If the option number is 2 the 13 zone variables are read into the array called setting and information about which tables need to be output is read from the input file. Any or all of the following will occur based on which tables are to be selected. 1. faroof CLTD table is required (nruf = 1) then the ASHRAE roof type is read from the input file and headers for the table are output. The ROOF subroutine is passed the zone variable settings, the latitude, month and roof type. The subroutine calculates and outputs roof CLTD for the particular zone, month, latitude and roof type. The RNOTES subroutine is called to print notes for the roof CLTD table. 2. Ifa.wall CLTD table is required (nwall = 1) then the ASHRAE wall type is read from the input file and headers for the table are output. The WALL subroatine is passed the zone variable settings, the latitude, month and wall type. The subroutine calculates and outputs wall CLTD for 8 directions. The WNOTES subroutine is called to print notes for the wall CLTD table. 3. Ifan SCL table is required (nwindow = 0), the windows subroutine is passed the latitude, month and zone variable settings. The subroutine WINDOW outputs an SCL table for 8 fenestration orientations plus horizontal. The subroutine WINDNOTES is called to print notes for the fenestration SCL table. 4, Ifa CLF table for people and unhooded equipment is required (npeop =0), the subroutine PEOP_EQU is passed the zone variable settings. This subroutine calculates and prints a people and equipment CLF table for the particular zone, with headings and notes. 5, Ifa CLF table for hooded equipment is required (nhooded =0), the subroutine HOOD_EQU is passed the zone variable settings. This subroutine calculates and prints a hooded equipment CLF table for the particular zone, with headings and notes. 6. Ifa CLF table for lights is required (nlights =0), the subroutine LIGHTS is passed the zone variable settings. This subroutine calculates and prints a light CLF table for the particular zone, with headings and notes.65 General analysis option If the option number chosen is 1, a header for the roof CLTD table is written to the output file and a do loop is used to call the ROOF subroutine 10 times. The ROOF subroutine is passed the latitude, month, zone variable settings of the representative zone used for the calculation of the roof CLTD table in the manual and an element of the array containing the 10 roof types for CLTD calculation. The roof CLTDs for the 10 most common zones are calculated and sent to the output file, The RNOTES subroutine is used to output the roof CLTD notes. Similarly, a do loop is used to call the WALL subroutine 15 times. The WALL subroutine is passed the latitude, month, zone variable settings of the representative zone used for the calculation of the wall CLTD Table in the manual and an element of the array containing the 15 most common wall types for calculation, The wall CLTDs are calculated and output for 8 directions. The WNOTES subroutine is used to output the wall CLTD notes. Finally, the WINDOW subroutine is called four times, once for each of the four representative zones A,B,C and D used in the manual. The WINDOW subroutine calculates and outputs SCL for these four representative zones, for 8 directions plus horizontal. 4.1.2. ROOF Subroutine ‘The ROOF subroutine calculates and outputs roof CLTD for the roof type, latitude, month and zone description passed to it. Fig 4. shows a flowchart for the ROOF subroutine. First the ZGETD function is called. It returns the conduction zone weighting factors, vj and w; from the ZWF.626 data file, It is passed a 'C’ to indicate that conduction weighting factors are needed, and is passed the zone variable settings. Next, RLOOKD is passed the roof type and it returns the conduction transfer function coefficients bp, dp, Cy and the roofs U value.Function ZGETO uses zone variables to locate and retrieve ‘conduction weighting factors from data base. v Function RLOOKD is passed the roof number and retums the conduction transfer function coefficients r v # Subroutine CCLTD is called ‘The radiant solar heat gain is calculated for the roof for a 24 hour period Y ‘The roof's sol-air temperature is calculated for 24 hours ‘Conduction transfer function equation is used to calculate roofs heat gain yes: ‘Subroutine GCOOL is call ‘Naw weighting factors are used In room transfer function ‘equation to convert heat gain to cooling lead Cooling load per sq. ft. divided by U value of roof type to derive CLTD Fig. 4. ROOF Subroutine67 ‘The CCLTD subroutine returns CLTDs for a 24 hour period. CCLTD calls the SOL subroutine which returns the solar heat gain on the roofs outside surface. The surface's sol-air temperature is calculated. The conduction transfer function coefficients are used in the transfer function equation to calculate the heat gain based on current and past values of the sol-air temperature and past values of heat gain. Initially, the past values of heat gain are assumed to be 0. The transfer function heat gain calculation is repeated until the values for two consecutive 24 hour periods converge. ‘The subroutine QCOOL is called to calculate the zone's cooling load due to the roof’s heat gain, The vj and w; zone weighting factors are used in the zone transfer function to calculate the cooling load based on current and past values of heat gain and past values of cooling load. The past values of cooling load are initially assumed to be 0. The transfer function cooling load calculation is repeated until the values for two consecutive 24 hour periods converge. ‘The cooling load per square ft of roof is divided by the U value of the roof to derive the CLTD value. 4.1.3 WINDOW subroutine The flowchart for the WINDOW subroutine is shown in Fig. 5. The subroutine is described as follows. First, the function zgetd is passed an 's' to indicate solar weighting factors are needed and the zone variable settings. It returns the Vj and W; weighting factors. A do loop is used to begin the SCL calculation procedure for 8 directions plus horizontal. The subroutine ANGLE is called to calculate the solar angle (B) for each hour of the day. If B is greater than zero, the subroutine SOL is called to determine the total solar radiation striking the window using the ASHRAE clear sky model. ‘Next, the subroutine SOLUGF is called. It calculates the transmitted portion of the solar energy and the inward flowing fraction of the radiation absorbed by the DSA glass. ‘The subroutine QCOOL uses the weighting factors and the transmitted solar heat gain to calculate the cooling load due to the transmitted solar energy. The inward flowing fraction of the absorbed energy is then assumed to convect immediately into the zone and is added to this cooling load to yield the SCL.— Cn ZGETD retrieves V & W weighting factors from data base Je Bo loop test for 8 diroctions plus horizontal > v ANGLES subroutine is called to calcul for each hour of the day ‘SOL subroutine calculates direct and diffuse solar heat gain ee ‘SOLHGF subroutine calculates Solar Heal Gain Factors, and the convective fraction for the window for each hour a COOL subroutine calculates the cooling load per sq ft of fenestration by an iteration process, using the new weighting {factors and a transfer function equation (see ROOF subroutine flow chart for more details) a ee The cooling load for each hour is combined with the convective fraction for that hour to derive the Solar Cooling Load (SCL) valuas for each hour. These values are sent to the output file wU______ >| v Fig. 5. WINDOW Subroutine Flow Chart 84.1.4 LIGHTS subroutine A flowchart for the LIGHTS subroutine is shown in Fig, 6. The ZGETD function retrieves the weighting factors for lighting from the data base. A do loop is used to load the heat gain array with 1000 units of heat gain for each hour that the lights are to be on (varies from 8 to 16 hours). QCOOL calculates the cooling load based on this heat gain. The hourly cooling load for a 24 hour period is divided by 1000 to yield the Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for lights. ZGETD retrieves weighting factors for lights from data base Do loop loads heat gain array with unit heat gain for the number Of hours the lights are on in the zone, (8 to 16 in increments of 2 hours oe QCOOL subroutine uses transfer function to convert heat gain to cooling load (see ROOF flowchart for details) Cooling load for 24 hour period caused by unit heat gain (CLF) is sent to output file Fig. 6. LIGHTS Subroutine Flow Chart70 §. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions 1. The accuracy of the CLTD method for predicting cooling load due to heat gain from walls and roofs has been improved for most walls and roofs. The improved grouping method developed by Harris and McQuiston allowed generation of representative conduction transfer function coefficients for any reasonable wall or roof design. This both simplified the process of selecting a wall or roof type for the user and insured a heat gain amplitude ratio and thermal lag within a prescribed range of those which would be generated by transfer function coefficients for the particular wall or roof. ‘The CLTD listed in the printed tables represent all zones and are themselves an improvement over the previously listed CLTD due to the above. However with the supplied computer program CLTDTAB, CLTDs for walls and roofs can be custom generated for a particular zone as described by 13 zone variables. This represents a significant improvement over the old method and allows generation of CLTD which will reliably calculate a cooling load much closer to that which would be calculated by the TEM method on which it is based. 2. A completely manual method was developed to calculate cooling load due to solar heat gain through fenestration for the month of July. The SCL method is a simplification of the old CLF method. SCLs are listed for four representative zone types at 3 latitudes, 24, 36 and 48 degrees North. A matrix is provided so that the representative zone for any particular zone can be identified based on permutations of the 7 zone variables found to be most influential on SCL values. A computer program was supplied which would generate an SCL table for the four representative zones for any month and latitude. A second option with the computer program is to generate an SCL table for a particular month, latitude and zone as described by the 13 zone variables,ma Using the completely manual method, more accurate solar cooling load calculations can be performed for the month of July, between the northern latitudes of 20 and 50 degrees than previously possible. With a one time run of the supplied computer program CLTDTAB, these calculations are also easier than before. Using the second option of the program CLTDTAB SCLs can be custom generated for any zone with significantly enhanced accuracy and reliability. . A completely manual method was developed to calculate cooling loads due to people, unhooded equipment and hooded equipment, CLFs for four representative zones were published and the same matrix used for SCLs is used to identify which representative zone represents a particular zone. The accuracy and reliability of these CLFs are improved over those previously used. Previously only one table was listed to represent all zone types for people, unhooded and hooded equipment ‘The computer program CLTDTAB can be used to custom generate CLFs for people or equipment for any zone as described by the 13 zone variables. This represents a significant improvement in accuracy and reliability of results. |. A completely manual method was developed to calculate cooling loads due to recessed flourescent troffer lights. CLFs for four representative zones were published and the same matrix used for SCLs is used to identify which representative zone represents a particular zone. The computer program CLTDTAB can be used to custom generate CLFs for lights for any zone as described by the 13 zone variables. ‘The GRP 158 manual published four sets of CLFs for lighting. To determine which set should be used for a particular zone, one had to classify the zone in terms of floor weight, room air circulation, type of supply, and type of return, The new scheme does not explicitly consider room air circulation, type of supply or type of return, Whether or not the new CLFs found by classifying a zone in terms of the 7 zone variables in the matrix or the 13 zone variables used for the weighting factor generation represents an improvement in accuracy and reliability of results is unknown,52 1 n Recommendations Further research is recommended to determine the relative accuracy of the new CLFs for lighting versus the old CLFs for lighting, particularly for lighting other than recessed flourescent troffer. Questions arose about the accuracy of the (¥) factor used in the ASHRAE clear sky radiation model to represent the ratio of sky diffuse fadiation on a vertical surface to sky diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface. Further research was recommended to determine how this factor was derived and its accuracy and reliability. This topic is now under research at Oklahoma State University. ‘The inaccuracy and inconvenience of interpolation can be eliminated for CLTD and SCL calculations with a one time run of the supplied computer program. Furthermore, CLTD and SCL calculations can only be performed for the month of July without using CLTDTAB. It is therefore recommended that ASHRAE supply a service to FAX or mail supplementary tables to those engineers who do not have access to a computer.6, REFERENCES ASHRAE. 1979, Cooling and heating load calculation manual. ASHRAE. 1989. ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. Atlanta, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Bird, R. E. , and Hulstrom, R. L. 1981, "A Simplified Clear Sky Model for Direct and Diffuse Insolation on Horizontal Surfaces.” Solar Energy Research Institute TR-642-761. CERL. 1981. "Blast, the Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics Program." User's Manual, Vol, 1 and 2 (supplement, Version 3.0). Construction Enginecring Research Laboratory, U. S. Army Tech. Report E-171. March. Clarke, J. A. 1985. Energy simulation in building design. Adam Hilger Ltd. , Accord, Mass. LBL, 1984, DOE-2 supplement Version 2.1C. Lawrence Berkeley Lab- oratory, LBL-8706. Rev. 4. Suppl. Available from NTIS (PB35- 211431, DOE-2.1C Update Package). Harris, S.M. and MeQuiston, F.C., 1988. "A Study to Categorize Walls and Roofs on the Basis of Thermal Response", ASHRAE Trans- actions, V.94, pt. 2, p. 688-715. McKinley, A. D. and Mitalas, G. P. 1983. "Room Thermal Transfer Functions - Computer Programs to Calculate Z-Transfer Function Coefficients for Rooms. " DBR Computer ProgramNo, 52. Dec. McQuiston, F. C. and Parker, J.D. 1988, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York,1” Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D. B. 1967. "Cooling Load Calcu- ation by Thermal Response Factor Method." ASHRAE ‘Transactions, Vol. 73, Pt, pp. HL1.1-1.7. Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D, B. 1966. “Eortran JV Programs to Calculate Radiant Energy Interchange Factors." National Research Council Canada, DBR Computer Program No. 25. Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D. B, 1967. "Room thermal response factors." ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 73, Pt Il, pp. H1.2.1-2.10. Mitalas,G.P. 1973. "Calculating Cooling Load Caused By Lights.” ASHRAE Joumel pp. 37-40. Tune. OBrien, P. F., and Howard, J. A. 1959. “Predetermination of Luminances by Finite Difference Equations.” [Huminationg Engineering, LIV: 209-218, April. Rudoy, W. ,and Duran, F. 1975. "Development of an Improved Cooling Load Calculation Method" , ASHRAE Trans: actions , Vol 81, pp. 19-69, Sowell, E. F. 1974, "A General Model for the Transport of Lighting - ‘Thermal Power.” Proceedings Second Symposium on the Use of Envir i iild- ings. Paris, France, June. Sowell, E. F. 1988. "Load calculations for 200,640 Zones." ASHRAE ‘Transactions, Vol. 94, pt. 2. Sowell, E. F. 1988b. "Cross-check of Modifications of the DOE-2 Program for Calculation of Zone Weighting Factors." ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 94 pt. 2.15 Sowell, E. F, 1988c. "Classification of 200,640 Parametric Zones for Cooling Load factor Method." ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 94, pL 2. Walton, G.N, 1983, Thermal analysis research program reference ‘manual , National Bureau of Standards, PB83-194225 , March. ‘World Meterological Organization. 1981. Eighth Session of the Com- mission for Instruments and Methods of Observation.APPENDIX AL. ROOF CLTDS FOR 24 AND 48 DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE. 640203 4 8 6 7 8 9 wo we a ue as 6 for Calculating Cooling toad fron Flat Roots n 36 6 2 8 we ae mh “4-5-6 502 18 30 ae 67 asa BF $2 02 2 3 ws oe we wou 6 3 0 2 at FM TS 1 4 0 2 2 oo wom 7 on 8 8 we ms 402 5 1 17 6 a8 wee Bost 7 ows sk 8 we Mon 30 27 2 mw ww on se o ” 2 8 a ” se u ss se a 2 ma Direct apptication of ba + bark surface + indoor temperature of 18 F + outdoor masimar cenperature of 95 F vith nean tenpersture fof #5 F and daisy range of 21 F Solar radiation typical ef clear day on 21st day of nonth vests surfs Hie resistance of 0.335 hr-oq ft-F1 /83u ‘with or without suspended oaiting tut no cet ting plenum aly xetum systens + inside eurtace restecance of 0.685 (hr-eg f-F)/BEu Asjuetmente €o Table Daca + beaign temperatures + core. LID « chap + (76 = Tr) + (mm ~ A) Where Tr + inside enpesature and Jn + mean curdoor eomperazuse, (m= matin cutdoor cenperacure = (éally rangel/2 + Mo adjustment recomended for eater + Ne adjustment recomended for venti2acion of alr apace shove a calling = linear snterpolscion 4 acceptable ar a cable for a specific lacitude my de generaced. See cox. = For design parpores the date will suffice for plus or mim 2 vooks tron the 22et day of given neath = ables my he generates for « specific monch. Sea contwt nt net a % cooling Losd Temperature Differences for calculating Cooling toad fron Flat Roots Degrees Horen Latitude, duly solar tine, hx 203 4 5 6 7 6 5 wom a a3 38 25 a6 27 245 53 eT 024 5 2 6 RO wo ew 8502 0 4 3 6 ms G8 oo nO 7301 4 3 2 2 eee oe ee 2% 2 47 Me 41 ao 0 a2 as too se won wm 6 6 8 5 8 ge o27 25 2 237 Me 1s ue mom me 3 eo 7 8 a on ew em MM Direct application of bara = bark surface urdoor maximus tenperazure of $5 F with mean temperature of 05 F and daily rage of 21 F Outside surface fin resistance of 0.333 hr-sq f&-F1/BEa With or without suspended ceiling but no cetling plenun air retum systene side surface resistence of 0.405 (hr-aq f2-F)/BEa : Adjustnenes to Table Daca + Desi temperatures + where Tr = lnside tenperiture and i = nosn outdoor tenpersture, ‘Me = maximum outdoor tarperature ~ (dally rangel/2 No adjustnent recomended for vent lation of alr space above 3 cofling Tat scudes other than 24, 36 and 4B North 2atizude specific latitude ney be generated. see text. Months other than July = mann ore, LID = CLID + (78 = Te] + (Tm - 5) sign purposes the date will suffice for plus or minis ray be generated for @ epecitie month. Seo text. o 6 « ss 2 ss se 8 ss e 20 a e se se © B a n so 2 4 a 2 ” “APPENDIX A2. WALL CLTDS FOR 24 AND 48 DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE. ”( cecling Load Tenperature Oiftereniar for Caleulating Cooling Lond trom sunlit walls 24 Dopross Moreh Latitude, July want Feeing 2023 mia 0 3 mia oo 34 Fla oo 4 ela 0 4 wiz 0 3 mi 2 0 2 Fecisg 20203 want ae 2a watt mo eee want Mo. 2 s 2 ” 2 a solar tim 2 3230 3s 32 ne non au von Sotar tine Bow nos ne ” a 37 ° 3 se 3s 35 3 3 ” 50 3 a ” 2 5 3 2 Fo » sa 26 2 2 . 30 2 25 20 au ss 2 20 6 2» 2 se 80 n 2 . 7 38 a 2 so 2 6 20 a a a 30 uw 2 n n 2 2% 2 3cooling Lotd Tenperature Differences for Calculating Cooling Load fron Sunlit Walls 24 Degrees ore tatizede, July (eantinved) want xe. mia on 7 5 33 6 ow we Riu 9 7 5 € 3 6 oR om sin wos 6 5 3 2 4 6 separ is ze 7S ks win a us a 9 7 5 4 « 4 6 reisg 10203 4 5 6 7 8 9 oH wiueoa ow oe 7 5 «€ & 6 8 20 mein a oe 7 5 5 8 uM a as ria a 9 7 6 6 9 18 a 2 sia a i 8 7 8 6 6 0 Mae ei woe 7 5 4 3 a sas mim i 1 3 ne 7 8 6 8 7 ann fal ne. 7 miu m8 8 7,7 7 9 won Bia? as om 1 9 9 43 19 24 28 sia oom 8 7 7 46 20 iis 17 48 3 1 1 8 peg Wize 21 a9 ae 4 a2 a aD 20 10 Miz 19 17 15 3 m2 9 8 9 10 Miss we uo 8 7 58 kk sk miu wa nos 7 s 4 4 6 eis a om 5 @ © @ 3 2 2 9 mia 3 mo uw m8 7 8 8 n 3938 230 nos solar eine, nas as 3s on nos 2s nou colar tine, Mas on non now Solar tine nou 2 2 soe roo 8 ” 20 he 20 a 2 ne 6 ” n 2 36 2 Ps M s 35 20 a a M ae 2 20 rs 2 © ws 2 2s 2 ps e 2» 3 n b 3 26 2 a 2 n a a 2 2% w a B 3 ” a 2 u24 ogre rand “oa eos 2 (ccntinsed) Solar eine, he we 20 2 a Facing 8 Fectng 2 won “ won solar tne, non non non 3s a us ” u » s n n » 2 costing Load Temperature Differences for Calculating Cooling Load fron funlit Wille 8 North Latitude, July n 2 a 2 3 2 a 2 2 2 3 26 7 2 82 ” 2 2 v a u a n 38 n: 26 Deprees Worth tet ite, Sly (eotinued) l | I wn worm. 1 solar ines Be Fung 1020204 5 6 7 8 9 Me Dae tee ae aT ae ie ao win wow we Ms oT om om om me we : rim 71 a9 1 37 36 45 35 35 8 oom aS 28 2 27 aT ak {] mi wo ws uo ao Bo we ew 2 on now mow mB sim a a Bon we 9 9 # 8 # 8 $1 DB Mas as wim m2 wou ose oo Bo BD we 1 ae mo 2 2 2 Fl wiz? 26 2¢ 23° 22 20 19 27 a6 26 25 18 38 28 16 1B 21 24 27 28 320 30 u mim a mo a7 we as ee ee eae ae aT ot Pacing 2 2 3 4 5 § 7 8 9 3D 42 32 49 1@ ts 26 37 18 19 20 22 22 | mig a9 a7 a8 a oe 8 7 6 8 7 8 8 7 oe wk ae ad Bie a2 39 97 Moz eof 8 Fo ae ms 2 3 oo a He 3D ri wim a a7 eo moe 8 7 7 8 a7 we a ao Te Ly pi eo aoe 8 6 5 ke eS 6 8 we as a as we 20 wie 2 How Mon oF 7 6 6 6 oT fo BT HR wis 3097 Mats ae TT Tk 8 em fo wn waite 36 solar eine, ne | mem 22 2 8 8 8 7 8 ew Bw eas ea ee mo 4 nim wows eo Hos a tke $e De we aT ae a i wim oe 7 se ae sw om MO Tae : Bix a2 2 an M6 3 a2 10 333 a7 7024 2628 30 30 aaa i S171 20 a8 uk ow oF 5 we Boe aT sm wm we as a 8 {] isan eae tracy asters fie) sven een eer tinedasvensvee dan eiaranenireagiiacrar u sia) as How om os ek 8 0 2 se os ea wise a2 a9 26 20 a1 te 46 ue soo ao aoa a 20308 aE Fy mei 30 a 36 28 oe a7 oan 80 FF es 2 ae | (01 birece Agpiation of set, ! + inecor temperature of 18 F + onceccr maxima cenpersture of #8 F with mean cengeratoreot #5 F and ily range of 22 F “ + solar saatation eypien of clear cay on 2iet day 9f month i + oseeise eurtae fim resistance of 0.333¢h-8q fF L 1 anelgn wortacesealetance of 6.685 (hr-ra 12-7180 ajustamnes co able Date cooling toad Temperature Differences for calculating Cooling Load tron Sunitt Walle 8 * beeign tomporacures + Corr. CLD + CLIB + (78 = te} + (Mw - 85) where Tr = Inside cenperasure ana Tm + mean outdoor temperature,‘ » mucin outdoor tenperacure - (éally range 2 +o aajustnent recomended for color = Linesr snterpolation is acceptable or 4 eanle for a specific laticude nay be generated. See eet ~ For design purposed he daca wi} suffice for plus or minis? weeks fron the 2ist day of given nenth = Tables may bo oe rated for A mecific month. See Cex in 6 2% 2 Pa 35 2 u 2 38 3 ” 2Costing toad Temperature Differences for Calculating Cooling Load fron Suniit Wells | cee re viie 4 3 a 3 9 Bo a Mo oo ao om es 8 i wii on paw wa ee eo me we wT 8 el: oa 2 2 6s Bom kM he ms we 7 so wir ikea att ene 6 ow Be oo Viz fa gaat sou nae ae Hmm Hw 6 . winen peer senna nn e 6 He Dw Fa ff vant weit we. 2 felas tine, ne rm recio=g 1002 3 6 5 6 7 8 9 3 MM 32 23 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 33 22 2B me wie 302 bt a 2 8 7 9 1 Ma om 2 oo ow mw 8 rn wis 3 2 0 -1 0 6 18 29 36 37 34 30 28 28 2 om owe 2 mo ow nF LI His 3 2 0 1 9 6 20 36 49 56 57 SP 4k 3 3k mo 27 as MF eis 2 2 bt a 2 no 26 ae Sb SB sé oH G37 2 2 aD Is nok : Sib ¢ 2 0 tt 1 9 3 9 19 90 & 50 58 67 G4 47 3H 30 3 37 oe I wie soa 1 bt tb 2 6 8M om we ew oF 8 ew a wig 6 3 4 0 -t + 9 2 6 9 33 97 22 32 45 Se Gp 7 69 55 3H 25 15 xan wan we. 9 solar etme, Re q ring 10203 6 5 6 7 8 9 0 M1 42 22 25 26 37 we 1 om Bo wie 6 6 2 4 2 3 5 7 8 1 a4 a7 2 2e as 25 26 25 mM IT 16 1D wei? $3 2 4 3 31 20 27 1 30 29 28 2 me me me 27 2 1s Is 8 i Ele S$ ¢ 2 1 3. 2 36 4 ue de Gk OD 37 35 OM oe me ww Io ul ie 8 6 2 2 1 6 15 25 35 4 8 Ho OS TD we om 17 on sie 6 @ 3 1 0 0 2 5 2 0 a9 3 4 8 50 7 @ 3 ao me 1D 1s oz wits tog $3 2 2 2 4 7 9 42 a6 23 33 45 SS 2 Gk 58 36 27 20 ee win os 6 4 2 2 2 2 4 6 $3 ee ow we ww J wn van te. 4 solar tine he wo ou i we 7 we a we on oe mo i win 9 6 € 2 2 1 2 € 6 # 30 23 26 a9 7 2 25 25 2 26 2 1 36 mein 8 5 3 2 1 2 7 1 mm mt 3 a we 2 28 me we 2 7 ein 8 6 € 7 3 2 @ t8 30 4 47 4 4 4 40 97 98 oP 2s oe seit oo 8 4 2 2 2 4 8 20 0 0 OF Ho Hw OR ow siz 9 6 ¢ 2 2 0 8 3 3 8 18 25 34 4 4 SH 50 ue AO M27 oT wiz 14 10 6 € 2 3 0 1 3 $ 8 33 2 30 4 5D 53s al SS M8 36 27 | wine? 7 5 2 2 6 1 3 $ 8 nw aw wo HH He Me i miz 10 6 € 2 0 6 3 2 $ 8 wk we wo ee MMwant wera E120 ein sie 1 » 2 a 2 6 1s 1s aos wand no. 6 w 8 want mo. ws pou vos 38 2 (conesmaed om 5 6 a a n 4 mos now now solar ts wou mou 2 ” 38 ” a n 36 6 2 re ” 2 o “ ” 26 38 2 ” 3 2 ” ” cooling Lord Temperature Differences for Calculating Cooling toad tron suntt Halts 42 Degreae Nort Lacizude, duly 2 2 2 ° 2 n 32 2 2 a 28 « a 35 3 ” n 20 a n ” 2 2 2 ry e n © “ 85 n 2 2 a 2% 2 0 B 3 2 2 2% 2 2 o a a 3s 20 3 ” 2 2 n 1% ” 2 2s 2s 6 uw n 20 25 n 2Facing 1 wee Bim min e130 wis ne 1 25 e123 mw 1 as walt z BeboRunaul E » “ 2 a 2 Bons son ae sony mow 1s 24s BouoR wows wos 2 2 20 aeeaees| wos 2 ou aw on went mo wou a Bonn ws 2 as " n ws 2 6 1e 2 s n 2 2 u n 2 2 3 3 3 n 3238 23 wou non nas wa ar tine, 20 20 29 a 2 ue a 2s 2 3 2 n cooting tond Teaperature Differences for Caleulating Cooling Lead fren Gunite Walls 48 degrees North Lativude, July w 2 a 2 2 20 2 2» ” 2s . 2 36 2 2 n 2 2 2 s es 30 n 26 ” 3 ” ” 2 2% ate Facing Et = wt an a a 87 costing toad Tenperscuce Diftesences for calculating Cooling ied fron unlit Wells 48 Dogrens Worth Leticude, July (continued) wo ow i 2 mn om nets 1d 22k ad Dotto asa te aaa seo o17 es eke Tes weak e222 38 «37 46 38 18 202k eee 28 hak at e222 0 18 84745 17d O2k 29290 ea: a 2boa8 17 eka eo27 26 M23 20187 eee Task a 30 28 27 25 23 22 20 39 M8 17 a7 ee 7am a 3032 vo Moo 7 I MB MoM 17 we wae Wall Wo. 35. Solar tine, ne 7 8 9 won 2 on Mos a7 we is wm up we ues ts 8 7 6 8 7 7 8 wm as 7 ae 20 no 7 is a8 8 8 wo a3 6 ae 2 m2 mo 2s 25 26 28 2522 20 47 «8 2 a2 aS 20s eSB 27 Mo 18 6 MoM 20 -F 20 22 36 20 25 2F 33 3S 37-37 TB wm 2 20 1 1 ew 8 7 7 7 8 ww me 30 as 3 oo 8 2 we we Bon wo 9 9 won Bw mM we 32 8 no 2% 2 20 17: ww 8 8 7 8 8 8 Ho Me a owe 1203 4 5 6 7 8 ow a ws we a7 we we wu we is a a we 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ws we oe 2 moa is 7 is 2k 7 20282 7m a2 me Me 18 2 12 12 4k 17 2D e270 ake ka wm 2% om ew 9 ww MoM 7 oe me ae oo we as ow Mon ow a a6 2 2 2 36 3738 9229 OOM ow ee ow Ro ow aE wT zo ws 30 ooo) 2s oat Moe FO a2 aa eas Direct Application of bata, + bask aurtas + outdoor maxinun tenperature of 85 F with mean Eenpersturesf 65 F and cally rang + solar radiation typical of clear aay en 212 day of menth + tmside sortase reststance of 6.605 (hr-ag ££-F)/atu Dsjusenence te Table Date + Design temperatures + Corr. CLID = CUED + (78 - qr} 4 (Tm ~ 85) where Tr + Sosid0 temperature and Me = mean outdoor Cenperature,™m = naximun outdoor temperature - (4aily range) /2 + Ho edjustment recomended for color + Latitudes other then 24, 36 and 40 Noreh latitude for s specttie Lazitu = Liner interpotetion Je acceptable or a tab ry be generated. Soo text = For design purposed the daca vill auffice for plus er minus? wecks fron the 21st day of given nenth ~ Tables way be generated for 6 specific month. 5 a 2 3s e 2 ” » Ps 2 n » 2 ”APPENDIX A3. SCL VALUES FOR 24 AND 48 DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE.mo 4 Peeing Becta ae ousee Facing sv 36 met 32 noe 123 Facing 3 nie seis suis e127 1 5 o on oon eo a 3 tena type 8 ier ln a 2 2 “ ” 2a 2 220 a Solar cooling toad For sunlit clase 48 Dogrece Nereh Latitude, July 30 18 a0 as au 200 2 2 ae a6 ne s a we “ 2 ae solar 2 rs @ 6 3 2 M5 se a se ei n 2 a0 2s 186 ne 3s a8 182 m 1s ne ne ” 2 106 a6 2 2 2 no Ps so ” 8 » 2 a * n 1s 0 2» a ” 2 2090 Solar cooling Lasd For sunlit 124 begrees North Lacizude, July ‘tone type A Solar efne, he racing 10203046 8 607 8 8 0 M2 MWS ae 17 ae ts 2 ow oe mio 0 0 0 0 48 3 36 3 38 0 @ & 0 38 oH 6 3 4 1d 0 meio 0 0 0 0 St az 250 see a5 78 se ae Me ge 32 25 8 6 3 2d 8 E10 0 0 0 © 57 435 377 340 254 307 62 Se Gs 40 33 28 0H 6 3 2 2 0 8 SEL 0 0 0 8 0 2 74 an 314 t06 9 59 50 MM 38 32 28 me 6 3 2 2 8 sro 0 0 0 0 5 % 2 300 35 8 O 97 2 MM © 3 2 2 0 wid 0 e© 0 6 5 45 2 30 35 39 @ @ af 0 nn ms a nw 6 oF tt Wit 0 0 0 6 5 a 23 30 35 39 4 67 236 260 a06 He He ae om M5 21 wit @ 9 8 8 5 3 30 38 39 &@ St 43 322 a6 as8 106 39 19 8 5 2 4 per} 0 0 © G 0 10 $5 117 170 at 252 21 2m ase mS 16 Us se 2d 2 6 3 2 ot wi2 2 4 4 2 46 m2 32 35 37 39 woe 97s om we wD 7 Fe mei 2 2 1 2 2 47 10s a2 126 06 8 SS SO Mk ae ww 8 6 88 E12 202 2 4 @ te as ass 1 as 7% @ 5s @ oO 3 ww 7 8 8 era 4: 4 2 0 S$ a a a moe oe a me me a2 me a7 we 7 8 4 3 2 vis 3 3 2 3 5 1 me 2% mM a5 Be 5s 79 98 105 99 GB oso ke peri @ 6 4 2 3 4 48 97 146 190 226 208 2s an aIs I 90 78 $a 3s As uw sass tone type & solar tine, he remy 20203 6 5 6 7 8 9 wo wo 1 as we 17 Oe mis 8 6 € € 9 mom 30 32 a8 36 me as Pn mie 7 6 6 S$ ke 2 OG Be we ws Elo 8 7 7 6 33 u7 a8 a6 a3 2 6 on 7 @ 1 we we ws ao er eee ee ee | S14 4 3 3 3 7 4 a ws a 3 ae oe 2 8 ms we 7 8S | pia 9 6 7 7 7 oe me 7 8 2 oT oe OT Ley iss a¢ a2 2 20 43 a0 as a0 3¢ 36 a8 60 99 352 352 ASD 97 G32 m6 22 Be 17 | » » i moras 12 10 9 8 2 19 m4 29 3B 3S 37 ds 72 203 128 129 a7 8 27 2 1B 16 1 nor 1 2¢ 22 19 17 18 22 $7 102 148 3a 208 22 226 247 294 140 235 5k GS 3H 83a i cuss ‘ane eype 0 | wee oe 7 6 6 om How Mo oo oF se a7 30 17 as mia ow 9 6 @ 610 9 Mm Mo Ww om es Elm a3 1 10 $ 4 #7 Mea we Me Se 2 me os Te [ cin we s 6 7e HAN eA ow ww BD ele 6 8 6 4 7 ow ew om Ho wow ww wo nw Fe 7 seas a4 a2 0 oe me Moe aT wee FT 187 wim 23 a9 47 as 7 ae 232 SL 22 BD ADHD 8 hor (36 33 36° 27 24 29 SS 90 124 154 178 292 199 196 261 255 222 oR TL 56 BO HS GOAPPENDIX A4. USING THE PROGRAM CLTDTAB a192 Before using the CLTDTAB program make certain all 7 disk based .626 data files are present. The data files are listed here; ‘WTF.626 also needed; RTF.626 TABLEF.EXE ‘WTYPE.626 JAN.EXE RTYPE.626 CLTDTAB.BAT ZLINK.626 ZTYPE.626 ZWE.626 ‘Type CLTDTAB and press enter. The following input screen should present itself. CLTD/SCL/CLF Table Generation Program Ceiling Type: 3/4 in. Acoustic Tile and Air Space Partition Type: 5/8 in. Gyp - Air - 5/8 in Gyp Floor Covering: Carpet with Rubber Pad Roof and Wall Number Roof Surface No.: 1 Wall Surface No.: 1 Ls press / for Command Menu Fig. 7. Input screen for program CLTDTAB Latitude: 40 Month Number: 7 analysis Option: (1) General output File Name: cltdtab.out zone Settings for Zone Specific Analysis Zone Geometry: 100 ft. x 20 ft. Zone Height: 8 ft. Num. Ext. Walls: 1 Interior Shade: 100 percent Furniture: With Ext. Wall Cons.: 1 Zone Location: Single story ‘Mid Floor Type: 8 in. Conc. Roof Type: 1 Glass Percent: 1093 ‘Analysis option 1 (General) will use the same representative zones used in the manual to output roof CLTD, wall CLTD and solar cooting load tables which can be used with r the manual, The latitude, month and output file name will be the only inputs. ‘Touse CLIDTAB option #1 1. The cursor should be under the Latitude input, just type the latitude for the desired tables and press Enter. 2. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the Month Number input, type the ir number of the month for desired CLTD/SCL tables and press Enter. t 3. Move to the Output File Name input, type the name for your output file and. n press Enter. { 4, Ifyou have made any mistakes move the cursor back to the input and re- enter. 5. When the input is correct press the backslash / for the command menu. Move the cursor to the write Tables option and press Enter. Analysis option 2 (Zone Specific) outputs CLTD/SCL/CLF for a specific zone, as fr described by Sowell's 13 zone variables. Any or all of the following Tables can be output t with option 2, Roof CLTD Table ‘Wall CLTD Table l | Fenestration SCL Table People & Equipment CLF Table Lighting CLF Table Hooded Equipment CLF Table ‘Touse CLIDTAB option #2 u 1. Repeat steps 1 through 3 from option #1. 2. Move the cursor to Analysis option, hit any alpha-numeric key to toggle between the two options. 3. Move the cursor through the 13 zone variables and toggle the input to the correct settings.UJ pace cy 4, Hfroof or wall CLTD Tables are needed, the ASHRAE roof or wall number will have to be input. If the roof or wall number is known it may be input directly, in the same manner as the latitude and month were inpot. 4b. If roof or wall number is unknown use the backslash to get the Command ‘menu, use the arrow keys to move to the determine roof no. or the determine wall no, option, press Enter. The wall or roof must be described by the four parameters listed on the pop-up menu. Use the Enter key and the arrow keys to enter the four parameters, then move the cursor to the Lookup Roof or Wall No. option and press enter. 5. Use the backslash key to get the command menu, if all tables are not needed move the cursor to the Select Tables option and press Enter. A pop-up screen will present a list of the Tables. Use the arrow keys and any alpha-numeric key to toggle the Tables off or on. 6. When all information is entered correctly get the command menu again, move to the Write tables option and press enter. Note: any input screen can be exited with the escape key.