Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ghid Reguli
Ghid Reguli
www.competition.ro
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Dupã data aderãrii, piaþa româneascã va deveni parte
componentã a pieþei unice europene, iar operatorii
economici din România vor intra în concurenþã directã
cu operatorii economici din celelalte state membre.
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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MYTHS AND THRUTHS
After Romania's accession to EU…
… the national legislation on
competition will be repealed!
False! Competition Law no. 21/1996 and the secondary legislation adopted
by Competition Council will remain in force after the accession date.
These will continue to apply to practices/behaviours and operations
which affect the competition on the Romanian market.
False! Competition Council will keep its competencies provided for in the Competition Law
no.21/1996. Furthermore, Competition Council will become competent to
apply directly the Community competition rules. After accession, Competition
Council will operate within the ECN – European Competition Network, alongside the
European Commission and the national competition authorities of the EU Member
States.
www.competition.ro
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MITURI ªI ADEVÃRURI
Dupã aderarea României la Uniunea Europeanã…
... legislaþia naþionalã în materie
de concurenþã va fi abrogatã!
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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COMPETITION RULES APPLICABLE
WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Competition is a basic mechanism of the market economy, which generates efficiency
and contributes to a better allocation of resources in economy. Competition gives the
consumers many options with regards to the quality, price or variety of products and
services.
Community competition rules are half of century old; they were included in the Treaty
establishing the European Economic Community, signed in Rome in 1957.1
Over the years, the principles stated in the EEC Treaty have been developed through
regulations, frameworks, guidelines, notices, which form the Community competition
secondary legislation.
Interpretations and principles derived from the judgements delivered by the Community
courts are also included in the competition acquis.
Regulations and decisions have a significant relevance for competition field. They
are directly applicable in the Member States, without the need to be transposed
into the national legislation by means of a law or other legal act.
www.competition.ro
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REGULILE DE CONCURENÞÃ APLICABILE
ÎN UNIUNEA EUROPEANÃ
Concurenþa este un mecanism de bazã al economiei de piaþã, care genereazã eficienþã
ºi contribuie la o mai bunã alocare a resurselor în economie. Concurenþa oferã
consumatorilor mai multe opþiuni cu privire la calitatea, preþul sau varietatea produselor
ºi serviciilor.
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ANTICOMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS (1)
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ÎNÞELEGERI ANTICONCURENÞIALE (1)
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ANTICOMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS (2)
The rule:
The agreements, decisions and concerted practices, which affect competition within the internal
market and which may affect the trade between Member States are prohibited.
Exception:
The prohibition contained by the EC Treaty is not applicable to practices/behaviours which fulfill the
following conditions (provided for in the article 81 paragraph 3 of the EC Treaty):
- contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or
economic progress, while allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit, and do not:
(a) impose on the undertakings concerned restrictions which are not indispensable to the
attainment of these objectives;
(b) afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantial
part of the products in question.
The exemption operates automatically, from the moment when the conditions are met, without
any prior approval.
Exemptions can be:
- individual exemptions, for particular agreement, decision or concerted practice,
- “block-exemptions” - for agreements, decisions or concerted practices, which fulfill the
conditions provided for by special regulations adopted by the European Commission (e.g.
Regulation for the application of art. 81 par.(3) of the treaty to categories of research and
development agreements).
The responsibility to prove an anticompetitive agreement belongs to the authority or the party
that invokes the infringement. The parties involved in an anticompetitive practice may defend
themselves by invoking the fulfillment of conditions for benefiting from an exemption. In such
cases, the burden of proof lies on the party that invokes such a defense.
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ÎNÞELEGERI ANTICONCURENÞIALE (2)
Regula:
Înþelegerile, deciziile ºi practicile concertate care afecteazã concurenþa pe piaþa internã ºi care pot
afecta comerþul dintre statele membre sunt interzise.
Excepþia:
Interdicþia prevãzutã de Tratatul CE nu se aplicã practicilor/comportamentelor care îndeplinesc
urmãtoarele condiþii (enumerate în art. 81 alin. 3 din Tratatul CE):
− contribuie la îmbunãtãþirea producþiei sau distribuþiei de mãrfuri ori la promovarea progresului
tehnic sau economic, asigurând consumatorilor un avantaj corespunzãtor celui realizat de pãrþi
ºi:
(a) nu impun întreprinderilor în cauzã restricþii care nu sunt indispensabile pentru atingerea acestor
obiective;
(b) nu dau întreprinderilor posibilitatea de a elimina concurenþa de pe o parte substanþialã a pieþei
produselor în cauzã.
Exceptarea opereazã în mod automat, din momentul îndeplinirii condiþiilor, fãrã a fi necesarã obþinerea
unei autorizãri prealabile.
Exceptãrile pot fi:
- individuale, pentru o singurã înþelegere, decizie sau practicã concertatã,
- pe categorii, pentru înþelegerile, deciziile sau practicile concertate care îndeplinesc condiþiile cuprinse
în regulamente speciale adoptate de Comisia Europeanã (spre ex. Regulamentul privind aplicarea
art.81 alin.(3) unor categorii de acorduri de cercetare - dezvoltare).
Responsabilitatea dovedirii unei practici anticoncurenþiale revine autoritãþii sau pãrþii care invocã
respectiva încãlcare a regulilor. Pãrþile implicate într-o practicã anticoncurenþialã se pot apãra prin
invocarea îndeplinirii condiþiilor pentru a beneficia de exceptare. În acest caz, sarcina probei revine pãrþii
care invocã o asemenea apãrare.
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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ANTICOMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS (3)
common boycott,
bid rigging.
www.competition.ro
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ÎNÞELEGERI ANTICONCURENÞIALE (3)
boicotul comun;
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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ABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION (1)
Article 82 of the EC Treaty
Such an undertaking may use its position to drive its competitors off the market,
to prevent the entrance of new competitors or to exploit its clients or suppliers.
www.competition.ro
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ABUZ DE POZIÞIE DOMINANTÃ (1)
Articolul 82 din Tratatul CE
Art. 82 din Tratatul CE interzice folosirea în mod abuziv, de cãtre una sau mai
multe întreprinderi, a poziþiei dominante deþinute pe piaþa internã sau pe o parte
semnificativã a acesteia, în mãsura în care poate fi afectat comerþul dintre
statele membre.
Pentru a se stabili dacã o întreprindere deþine poziþie dominantã pe piaþã trebuie
sã se aprecieze dacã respectiva întreprindere îºi permite sã se manifeste pe
piaþã în mod independent, fãrã a þine cont de reacþiile concurenþilor, furnizorilor
sau clienþilor sãi.
O astfel de întreprindere poate folosi poziþia deþinutã pentru a-ºi scoate
concurenþii de pe piaþã, pentru a împiedica accesul unor noi concurenþi pe piaþã
sau pentru a-ºi exploata clienþii sau furnizorii.
Exemple de posibile manifestãri abuzive:
impunerea unor preþuri sau condiþii excesive ori discriminatorii;
limitarea producþiei sau a dezvoltãrii tehnologice,
refuzul de a trata cu anumiþi furnizori sau clienþi;
vânzarea legatã etc.
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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ABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION (2)
The rule:
Unilateral conducts which infringe article 82 of the EC Treaty
are prohibited. The mere holding of a dominant position is not
prohibited, but only abusing such a position.
Exceptions:
In the case of abuse of dominant position, an efficiency-based
defense, like the one admissible for agreements, is not possible.
www.competition.ro
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ABUZ DE POZIÞIE DOMINANTÃ (2)
Regula:
Comportamentele unilaterale care încalcã art. 82 din Tratatul
CE sunt interzise. Simpla deþinere a unei poziþii dominante nu
este interzisã, ci doar folosirea abuzivã a unei asemenea poziþii.
Excepþii:
În cazul abuzului de poziþie dominantã, nu este posibilã o apãrare
bazatã pe eficienþã, ca cea permisã în cazul înþelegerilor.
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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LIBERALISATION OF MARKETS
Article 86 of the EC Treaty
While articles 81 and 82 lay down rules applicable to undertakings, article 86 of the EC Treaty
contains rules applicable both to Member States and to certain categories of undertakings.
In case of public undertakings and undertakings which hold special or exclusive rights, granted by
state, article 86 of the EC Treaty prohibits the Member States to adopt or maintain any measure
contrary to the rules contained in the treaty, including the rules on competition.
Undertakings which were entrusted with the operation of service of general economic interest or
having the character of revenue-producing monopoly are subject to the rules contained by the
treaty, especially the rules on competition, insofar as the application of such rules does not
obstruct the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them.
The European Commission is obliged to ensure the application of these rules. Where considered
necessary, the Commission may intervene through decisions and directives addressed to
Member States.
The Commission uses the powers conferred by article 86 of the Treaty to determine the opening-
up to competition of markets previously dominated by monopolies (e.g. telecommunications
market, electricity market). The Commission's actions aim especially to:
- separate the activities for which the introduction of competition is not possible or
not economically efficient from those that can be performed on a competitive
basis;
- ensure the transparency with regards to the financial flows between the
Member States and public undertakings.
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LIBERALIZAREA PIEÞELOR
Art. 86 din Tratatul CE
În timp ce articolele 81 ºi 82 conþin reguli adresate întreprinderilor, art. 86 din Tratatul CE
cuprinde reguli care se adreseazã atât statelor membre, cât ºi anumitor categorii de
întreprinderi.
Cu privire la întreprinderile publice ºi la întreprinderile care deþin drepturi speciale sau exclusive,
conferite de stat, art. 86 din Tratatul CE interzice statelor membre sã adopte sau sã menþinã orice
mãsurã care contravine regulilor din tratat, inclusiv regulilor de concurenþã.
Întreprinderile cãrora li s-a încredinþat operarea unui serviciu economic de interes economic
general sau care au un caracter de monopol fiscal sunt supuse regulilor din tratat, mai ales celor
privind concurenþa, în mãsura în care aplicarea acestor reguli nu împiedicã realizarea, în drept sau
în fapt, a misiunilor speciale care au fost încredinþate unor astfel de întreprinderi.
Comisia Europeanã este obligatã sã vegheze la respectarea acestor reguli. Acolo unde considerã
necesar, aceasta poate interveni prin decizii ºi directive adresate statelor membre.
Comisia foloseºte puterile conferite de art. 86 din tratat pentru a determina deschiderea spre
concurenþã a unor pieþe, anterior dominate de monopoluri (spre ex. piaþa telecomunicaþiilor, piaþa
energiei electrice), acþiunile vizând, mai ales:
- separarea activitãþilor în care introducerea concurenþei nu este posibilã sau nu este
eficientã din punct de vedere economic de cele care pot fi realizate în regim de
concurenþã;
- asigurarea transparenþei cu privire la fluxurile financiare între statele membre ºi
întreprinderile publice.
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ECONOMIC CONCENTRATIONS
(b) the acquisition, by one or more persons already controlling at least one
undertaking, or by one or more undertakings, whether by purchase of
securities or assets, by contract or by any other means, of direct or
indirect control of the whole or parts of one or more other undertakings.
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CONCENTRÃRI ECONOMICE
(a) fuzionarea a douã sau mai multe întreprinderi independente anterior sau pãrþi
ale unor întreprinderi;
(b) dobândirea controlului direct sau indirect, de cãtre una sau mai multe
persoane care controleazã deja cel puþin o întreprindere sau de cãtre una sau
mai multe întreprinderi, fie prin achiziþionarea de valori mobiliare sau de active,
fie prin contract sau prin orice alte mijloace, asupra uneia sau mai multor
întreprinderi sau pãrþi ale acestora.
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ECONOMIC CONCENTRATIONS
HAVING “COMMUNITY DIMENSIONS” (1)
Economic concentrations which fulfill certain criteria are deemed to have “Community
dimensions” and they must be approved ex-ante by the European Commission.
unless each of the undertakings concerned achieves more than two-thirds of its
aggregate Community-wide turnover within one and the same Member State.
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CONCENTRÃRI ECONOMICE
DE “DIMENSIUNI COMUNITARE” (1)
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ECONOMIC CONCENTRATIONS
HAVING “COMMUNITY DIMENSIONS” (2)
2nd situation A concentration that does not meet the thresholds from above has a
“Community dimension” where:
(a) the combined aggregate worldwide turnover of all the undertakings concerned
is more than EUR 2500 million;
(b) in each of at least three Member States, the combined aggregate turnover of
all the undertakings concerned is more than EUR 100 million;
(c) in each of at least three Member States included for the purpose of point (b),
the aggregate turnover of each of at least two of the undertakings concerned is
more than EUR 25 million; and
(d) the aggregate Community-wide turnover of each of at least two of the
undertakings concerned is more than EUR 100 million,
unless each of the undertakings concerned achieves more than two-thirds of its
aggregate Community-wide turnover within one and the same Member State.
www.competition.ro
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CONCENTRÃRI ECONOMICE DE
“DIMENSIUNI COMUNITARE” (2)
Situaþia 2 Operaþiunea de concentrare economicã, care nu atinge pragurile
prevãzute mai sus, are dimensiune comunitarã dacã:
(a) cifra totalã de afaceri combinatã, realizatã la nivel mondial de toate
întreprinderile implicate, depãºeºte 2 500 milioane EUR;
(b) în fiecare din cel puþin trei state membre, cifra totalã de afaceri
combinatã, realizatã de toate întreprinderile implicate, depãºeºte 100
milioane EUR;
(c) în fiecare din cel puþin trei state membre care sunt incluse la litera (b),
cifra totalã de afaceri a cel puþin douã dintre întreprinderile implicate
depãºeºte 25 milioane EUR ºi
(d) cifra totalã de afaceri realizatã în Comunitate de cãtre fiecare din cel
puþin douã dintre întreprinderile implicate depãºeºte 100 milioane EUR,
cu excepþia cazurilor în care fiecare dintre întreprinderile implicate
realizeazã mai mult de douã treimi din cifra sa totalã de afaceri la nivel
comunitar într-unul ºi acelaºi stat membru.
O concentrare economicã ce se situeazã sub pragurile de minimis
comunitare rãmâne supusã obligaþiei de notificare la Consiliul Concurenþei,
dacã îndeplineºte condiþiile prevãzute de Legea concurenþei nr.21/1996.
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COMMUNITY COMPETITION RULES
ARE NOT NEW FOR THE
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT FROM ROMANIA
The application, before the date of accession, of competition rules harmonized with the
Community rules was one of the obligations Romania undertook in the process of
accession.
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REGULILE DE CONCURENÞÃ COMUNITARE
NU SUNT O NOUTATE
PENTRU MEDIUL DE AFACERI DIN ROMÂNIA
Aplicarea, încã înainte de data aderãrii, a unor reguli de concurenþã armonizate cu cele
comunitare, a fost una dintre obligaþiile asumate de România în procesul de aderare la UE.
Ca urmare, regulile comunitare au fost transpuse în plan naþional prin Legea concurenþei
nr.21/1996 ºi prin legislaþia secundarã adoptatã de Consiliul Concurenþei ºi au fost
aplicate în România începând cu 1 februarie 1997.
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SANCTIONS
Sanctioning regime applicable to anticompetitive practices under the Council
Regulation (CE) no.1/2003, is similar to that under the Competition Law no.
21/1996.
Examples of sanctions
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SANCÞIUNI
Regimul sancþionator aplicabil practicilor anticoncurenþiale, prevãzut de Regulamentul
(CE) nr.1/2003, este similar celui din Legea concurenþei nr.21/1996.
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APPLICATION OF COMPETITION RULES
ON ANTICOMPETITIVE PRACTICES
The central element of the system of application of the competition rules contained by
the EC Treaty is the Council Regulation (CE) no.1/2003 that contains rules regarding:
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APLICAREA REGULILOR COMUNITARE
PRIVIND PRACTICILE ANTICONCURENÞIALE
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COOPERATION WITHIN
ECN – EUROPEAN COMPETITION NETWORK
European Commission and competition authorities of the Member States
cooperates within ECN for the unitary application of the competition rules
form the EC Treaty;
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COOPERAREA ÎN CADRUL
ECN – REÞEAUA EUROPEANÃ A CONCURENÞEI
Comisia Europeanã ºi autoritãþile de concurenþã ale statelor membre coopereazã
în cadrul ECN, pentru aplicarea unitarã a regulilor de concurenþã din Tratatul CE.
Autoritãþile naþionale de concurenþã sunt obligate sã informeze Comisia
Europeanã înainte de (sau imediat dupã) luarea primei mãsuri formale în cadrul
unei investigaþii, atunci când intenþioneazã sã acþioneze în baza art.81 ºi 82 din
Tratatul CE.
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Information provided in this publication is only for guidance. These should be
read and interpreted in close connection with the Treaty establishing the
European Community and the Competition Law no. 21/1996, with the
legislation adopted for their application, with the administrative practice of the
European Commission and of Competition Council, and also with the
jurisprudence of the Community and national courts.
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Informaþiile cuprinse în aceastã publicaþie au doar valoare orientativã. Acestea
trebuie citite ºi interpretate în strânsã legãturã cu Tratatul de instituire a
Comunitãþii Europene ºi Legea concurenþei nr.21/1996, cu reglementãrile
adoptate în aplicarea acestora, cu practica administrativã a Comisiei Europene ºi
a Consiliului Concurenþei, precum ºi cu jurisprudenþa instanþelor judecãtoreºti
comunitare ºi naþionale.
www.consiliulconcurentei.ro
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Consiliul Concurenþei
Piaþa Presei Libere nr. 1, sector 1, 013701, Bucureºti
tel: 021 318 11 99, fax: 021 318 49 08
021 405 44 24, 0725 129 700
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