Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook Ramesh Garg Prakash Bharia Inder Bahl Apisak Itipiboon Mu ‘Artech House Boston * London www.artechhouse.comoe deny ip ian ‘gs a Pint ad din se Used Sc No po Contents 11 122 123 124 13 134 132 133 faeword Protec Microstp Radiators Inseetion Advanapes and Liane of Miconip Radin Med Pind Slo Ancenat Misoap Teng Wave Antennas Feeling Technique and Modding Misonip (Copa Fee Prony (El magne) Couple! 135 Copan Woepide Ret » 28 daa Adit, Ya us LA Rabson Fe 7 281 Maral Conc, Gy us At Vasor Pen and Rin Fld 282. Maal Sacer, By a Termin » 29 Model fr Coil Pode in Misip 142 Mama Arena Cress ens a Clair 0 210. Compation f Anca! Mode nae 15 Sore Wie and Poi ony Seruerares =! a ‘Appendix 2A: Theoretical Background Caer Traneeion, 181 Sot Wee ‘ ieee = 1.52 Photonic Bandgap Structures: a ah 18 Aplin # Ayn 2: acon nn 181 Mie and Seite Conmaicons een, ant eres es fons s tr Soe 182 Rar Ane “ a 189. Pach Apps fr Maine Rete @ 2) Flee Aaa of Mires feet : 3.1 Spectra-Domain Pull-Wave Analysis 159 B BILL Inpur Impedance and Radiation EFiciency 1 a i 3.1.2 Radiation Patterns 16 22 Trnamision Line Medel oe 31.3 Numerical Evaluation of Matrix Elements 221, Sipe Tammison ie Mode 5 | loge Vue a 222 Tranaision Line Motel We Maa | 204 Bas Fncins a Cong ® 3.15. Matha! Mos Eon ” 223. Gentil Tenino Lie Mee s 2S Append Spec Dancn 224 Lowy Taio Line Mode ss $}Ehaeeo Mioip ase ws 23. Carty Mot %” 32 Met Poenl neg ution i 6 24 Gena Cay Mode ” an 25 Malt Nework Ma 103 321 Reena Gras Fon Sel 28 Raion Fels 108 c 22 Peal Gren’ Fonsi he Spe 27 Aperture Admittance 10 : Domain we = 271 Ayers Canc 6 mm 823 Ress x Pos for Sigler 272 lg Spee 8, 6 Money Sce =324. oma Eqanion Son ing Matt 432 thmet Wl snd eng 6 inet v1 123 ele ena 325 pn fhe ME Techie oe » Chico Ameer » 424 Le nk Qtr ” 31 Fiebre TeDeesin Amit 197 135, Rade mn 331, Forman of OTD 1% 138 aio Bn, 2s 332. Sain Cia m oe 5 333° Numerical Dispersion 03, 43.8 Polarization a 34 Aning Sond Canons ms ye = 395, nad Se Moeng a tag eet a 336 scan of Frqumey Demin 4M) to Fe Sa Gd ae » Donia Daa a7 4312 Compuer ned Doign = 337 Propaation in a Micros Line 20 44 Tales Ais of Recor - 338 Applications of she FDTD Technique a Chime Ameee m1 45 Nach Tsing of Pach Anew 30 = 481 Med Tag Ug San 3 ‘ito nthe Spc Demi a 452, edna Tm oo Sig 0: Monet Math Sion 21 452° Mil Tig ings Atte are 0s arn 2 Deon Pat 48 Quen Resp Pach Gres anes a oe 296 yn 20: Nem Eton 481 QuaeeWae Pach Wb tring P38 of Scr nd Vr Pune 452. Soca Quer Wie Anes m1 Rete Nees na 4 hectpl MrosipAnanne cs Dk on fing nas a AT tncroduction 51 otroduction Bi? 42 Mote for Rca Pash Anes 52 Amin of Ch Dak Micoip 421 Tani Ln Mal seme a 422 Choy Mal Se 521. Goiy od me 43. eign Conds fr Recap 522, Mode Mani Wis lps Adios 39 eae we 523 Generalized Transmission Line Model 481 Shoe Sion % toe Car Bak a18 at a2 ez 822 as as ear aaa 343. sag es 85 852 853 86 a6 Compare of Slt Annas With Recess CiralartyPaariod Microsip ‘iennas and Technine Ion ‘aro Types of Ciclly Plain Prin Anan Mera atch Ancaas Othe Types of Grey Plaid Sigy Fe Cialis! Mi RetangleType Crcly Pood Mar Atenas ict Polied Cree Micosip ‘Arsene Dal Ohogonl Fed Cay Polar ern Anes “The Quacte Hybed The BOD Hyd “The Wilkin Power Divider ‘The TJuntion Power Diver Design Procedure irc Plain Teaeing Wave Masosp Line Ary amp Line Anns and Cask Type Micron Line Antena (Chain Aston Sauare Lop-Type Miossp Line Bandi Eaancement Techniques slain of Wide Band Mirosip 488 2 3 ws 4 500 sas ‘0s ery sis 8 59) so ‘0 sa sy ou a6 93 oa oat 942 ous 85 est 952 ona 38 961 962 a ry 01 102 103 vost 032 Segunily Rotel Aa Reece Brathandig of Mirostip Autennas __ Weedon ects of Sue Parmeter 08 Bande Selon of Sable Pach Skape Selection of Sui Feeding Tesnigue Apere Coup Micioeip Annas “Traneninion Line Medal of Aperture Coping Medal Expansion Model of Aperse Coupling Mulimeding Tecbiquc roading Ung Siked lames Bradbunding Using Colas Parse Elsner (Other Mubioding Tecigus rhe Broadband Tehniues Iimpatance Marching Resi Laing Malfeguency Opetston Refenee Leaded Micrstip Antennas and ‘Applications Tnmducion Poin Divetsty Using Miconip Frueny Ale Mcp Antennas Varco Tuned Miosip Antennas ‘Opt Taning of Pach Aetanss 4 ss 70 16 8 sso 33 se 86 a 91 595 595, 88104 Raion Paar Conf Mcp 113. Theo ant in of Ace tg en » Msc Anes Ovo o 105 Longo ton ”» 131. One Ae nme Mico 5.1 Stoning Pina ihe Rading Edge ar Aavenaa Oxon “ 132 fate Pach Aer Inept 1052 Sion Pinon th Cone Line of Pach oO Dies — 1133 Ae Pach Ane nepal Wh 106 Cnpu Pach Antena or ater oe - 1081 Coup nul Pod Anemss 1A Trot Dip of ae nega 1062 Compu Cela Pel Antena «1 Mrs Ant Apion 7 Py cece = WAL Anis and Deg of Ae log Maw Anca Angie on Ve epee fn W142 Specified Gain Active Integrated 1081 Duerny Sorel Pach Aven Micoip Arcane pir Design 700 1082 Du Fer Dua inet Poe 1143 tow Nate Ae lng Miesp Micon na on ‘ico hier Deen 706 1083 Dal eqn Cay Pris 115 Fee Coneron Ae Ig Mima tn es Miso Acs Thy nd 184 Dual Circularly Potarieed Microstrip Design 7 con as 1151. Operon! Pcl o Tansondace 109 Dusl-Frequency Compact Microstrip: ao bial Rees or 152. SaOnstning Mier Ate neg 108) Rta Ded Anes 7 Meo m 1082 SlorLoaded Dus. Freuency Antennas os — 1093 Daeg PIA as "2 ga Wii . —— a Antena Anos _m * 121 Introduction 79 ee 122 Pala Sta Fe Syms ms 111 nti rs TRE Pd er One and Te a 12. Gain of eg @ 1222 Ses Feg of Mii re 2 vias Outer ‘a 123 Me Cone 2 iy ia ry N22 Amplifier Type i Y2A1 Linear Array Design With Micoip 112.3 Frequency Conversion Type 663, Patches ma - _ oe1242 Linc Ay Doge With Caps 83 Design of Mico Line Wit ca Crp Ragen ™ Sine a 1243) Daigo Combine Aas th BA Pale Sag ie Design 2 Meroe Ss m3 BS. Suip Line Deien 7 125. Dein of Paar Aris Ca 1S Soc Line Doi 186 1251 Infinite Anan of Pin Dips a BY Copan Wareile Doin 7 1252 nine Army of Reng Meosrip BUA CPW Wiis an nfinily Thick Suberue 792 = 7a 2 Grwwiafuedotenieee 7 1253 Frit Mana Arf itd Dipl 46 Oe arta 128 Monica Md Aras 0 Sd Fnte Was Ground Plans mt 1281 Devin Conderone 2 B74 CAW Wit Fre Dit Theos 1252. Any Autitetes 738 nda Cove Si mm Refoenes 736 875, Conducr Bickel CPW Wik » Cove sod we Agni Sete te Wisin a mm eee ‘Armee CPW Wihout Didtic AX. Stbirte Chance for Micenip 827 Armen m = 2 COW Wi Fie Dice ALA Ceramic Subcates 760 ah) anemetel m ANZ. Semieondor Suber 760 5 ee = 7 i BEL Syme CS With ity Tih ALA Syhate Sab 183 Shere o Ae ee ee cee 8 B82 Anmmerie CPS Wik fini Thick RIS Low Cor Low om Sars 783 Sine ™ ALT Sas Anssipy 75 B83 Asma CPS With Fite Tick 7 (A2_ Deine Stace Charis Sabre Antenne Fbion 768 1884 Symmes CPS Wk Fine Didi os Reloonss m7 Tocioee ° BAS Asymmeic CPS With nlf Wide ype 8 Desig of Planar stp iad ‘anon Une and Line Desig oo Uiscontnaes m 89. Coupled Misosip Lino D ™ B11 Nisoip Line Dag 77 B10 Cop Sip Line Desen 2 Supe and Inverted Micosip Line B11 Chanceaton of Dicointisn seo Doe i Mon Lines aerp tun ec nt BALI Open Ends 00 B12 Gps in Micesip Line os BIS Nock 5 BING Sepia With 6 BAS Bends in Minin 0 BIS Symmae TJuncions 07 B.IL7 ShontCieied Pou in Mice a BIB Stoned Eads a B12 Open-End Dison in Cola Foreword Miconp ine a0 Reiences a0 For the past 20 yeas ve bee using oaks writen by vse aor, ot ‘About the Authors m3 ss etook for my nae a the Unive a Man anda dein guider — = fee miromive cian antenna, desopment an cron Index m sy conning pace. So marly 1m quite honored sl gy to be ‘lo owe 3 foreword for hi ne bok on ron nena “Two af hte autor, Dr Bal snd Bhar, wee the fie bok on sizop antenna in 1980. That bok a eno ri fr oe ine, baer corded dsc and wiely ed y thee ho sl ase # copy. Davin the we decadence te fl a matted sir, ands mbes of ter tes om mica anerar,witen by diferent ston, and ome ‘pecze teus menung saow apes of micosrp awenat ich 2 Compoteranined doign cnr or brndbending. ine alo appeted pees eomrehenive tron the je ha aor appented ora ine tnd ths bok ils thar ned find that the autos have ben ver hough in pang eet don. To ar wih one nerds fad underanding of mic ines ‘te planar eanimion Tiny, which ae aed ated Te thor covet (hoe in an appendix whee he move cet and up t-diedesign eine We preset Net one nel 0undeand uate frantenns baion Ind opin ese ae wel over in sepa spends Beyond hi he 12 ‘hap onthe principal opi of icons cover sual af he Salublembjer mawer in very one and exy-undesand fin Felining ae by the desc or rere, (Chapel eove de advange imiason confining gies splconsn = gener fakin. Opec nee the eae Of sutee wats Chaps 2nd 3 de ino the pesca anata td1 flow by diel chute on desig and ana of rectangle ‘angus doe ncana The coven dee wl compe andy ‘mae The sec alowed saber of ape ding ih pec ssp of miesp aera sch a et polaran, broadening, nd Tete snd active ata ann mith the Ba hapten om sr ‘Owe od tha the bok wel abcd a et th mera in depo le poids equate reece fr low congrite the ‘threo eh Iam ele wl be ae cry and il be ‘wal eave ad wed bythe mon antena amin fay Ys Dr. L. Shfi Profesor, Uno of Mento Wome, Conde Preface Micon amenoas con of ch of mealation om «rounded subrate ‘Thee alow prfie,ighwsghanenns ost sible for aropce ad bile spicatany, Beaune of the lon powes handing capita ‘Mremur an be wed in leper tanraing a rein pins ‘Miron anes have naa consol ang the as 25 es and many af intone ave ben ovreome: An neeing development is ect we of spear capi fod the amen, Th spe of fed operant low ps separation ofthe wo fants and the we of ‘puta sear the radar and amin ie The charac Frmcsip amen can be sigisnlyisprve by sig veld Sucre i thick brats an ow pemiiy mei A presen, 4 ‘nda of hou 65% hs ten chic "Grice wn popauion i tppmed io besser inking cor at ing eins, ppe eueny of persion cos-emping and een. How ‘Sets pblnr bao een deel hough he wef pron and Srocues The rca abaned by pv afing of brat, ‘iiutip amen nea enenion of mits ces. This ee ‘ie tence tg active seteanasn which cit antons rc Ercged wah the amen fnson wo rode compas tamer and inspiral power combine torre power tats fala dove by ofthe atene apc or lit lk mabe communications, ‘Nic lcalarer peor snd 0 on, nose contra on compas {Ti equcng operon fucny agli, ation conta adation at ten comet soon Tho faons ca be achieved BY stably ing Simple micoip aseant and heme ede atenas ae becoming or ‘onmonly‘Themis ntenm sacs becoming complex doch inbetene inhomogcciy of the dec matrs ek dayel dile sne ‘re evn loading of the aubrae t preantstace wave pee uplng ofthe fed he seen to acd oigaton i chee lager bndwithlodiogof the mean she died nent characte {So andinepion of eur fancione wih antenna tcc ave hep pace wit he adeancrs decribed above, The sai of comple microns anenna sing falls technic uch thei qutionaproach snd FDTD, hive maul sles and erat that ‘a beran on eon compute ieee. The roe x aes ‘scale ses ese soe tds hold be el ese {nd recrch des. Organization ofthe Book “This project ane wi the eof producing 2 reed ation ofthe ey op took Misip Aree by Inder Bab and Prk Baia, Daring {hs exc became appre het theo scare of the Bok oa no ‘be mainaind eet the neraton exten nthe aren of mic sean nce the plain of theo bok in 1980. Ding the pti ‘ine then, the eof mic neon bee elie a mbes no ‘lil and flee recges were ined em Reig chur Icame salable and miso ace anton revved the ido ane The fc of hs bok cl on desig informaon andthe dso ss mae mph sone dag spaces that ave ang ie ong the flare eechiques Our of the aout mode salable wat ft "ha the cay model smal ood compromieBemeen aun and ‘ompleiy Ar oul the ds sypronche fr aia menses ete od ths mode. Whee design eqns re salable thy ined Toh heer This proach bell be wre for degre indy walla fr binges a. The saya and llevar chai: ‘edecttedindeta tebe the wr dv son bckgoundin mip eco Theil frat of the bok eth vey sent tha fst pla bol by che author, Mima ing nd Sli Thebock uoraizdin 12 chaprescoveringvarom amplicon toceane ane techiguesprominess anna spe sich a cetnglt ches, er poten eranglt pcs, ply hd ns Geary ola fl aici bade sd active veal) aca branding th igus and ary antennas. The sabe mare commen fo vos ep OF rr™™™rCmC “&©w— rw r™™™C™6™ryC™r™™™™™™™™™S™™r™T™CTCTU™™—"——r=—=——_—_—si_saeadrnrrsd Pfc teas is inde inthe inductor cape and in he apendins on Suis and onthe dino planar asm ies “Theme antenna ined in Chap This caper dees the chances of micron antenna ac hit avg ia tons and their moraplonin communion ad ade a roe, 2 corpution of th varius Fin techni anon menial ‘alton of ralinion Fis and arc wae Sure mae props st “srupper into the capailiy of miconipatenu, The ws of poore bandgap src 3 ren sewer tht role ad alo diced ‘Chapter 2 de ihe paid for sep ent sali “These me atthe lackone of atenm design eae ed on the eu lent magnetic arent adn fomustion Te mde ned a ape easmision line nd cviey models the mpova and ened ern, ‘helo cansmison ine model Vial comple eso hee mae te nce vo eae 2 wer dcr noxbive ook befor deta The Iolel are compared in + guituive manor, Eqiden dens and _ecie permite For pth shapes with separ poem faethe ben of dogs “Te imitans af the anil ode in ems of pron eign, ‘ample of he anenns ed, mula configure ond etn cae af though flav ans ich dase in Caper 3. The most commonly wed rchigu, nud special demain fle ‘nals mined potential equation aay and fne-diernc ine ‘domain echnigeare decd nde About 5 ens coven pp Caton of hse einige to vase pe of mip scm ted {© povided with greater dea than cn be ered bee “The nas and eign ofthe mor commonly al coi anton, shai ecanglr a ela micoip antenna, ecu in Capes ‘End 5, especie. Considering inp the cts patch ene ts dcusedin grater det Char Al alpen den te comer calming in computer ade dg teciqs Recengt fd cer pach amen ae compared in Chaper 5. The to seat te simi harass. The anal ing micron asenne wmes t i lng bandh and is deed im Chper 5A be denon af seco of crear phe and anna ng ia incl in tas cape ‘ae emer ats ce er nen opt the Ty Dips andthe wage ncerip pc anna ae the bjt of CChaper'6.A tow vemon of the eemerfed dipole can be deed ror sbut 40% inpelenr bandwith The uate sang mony Fach anes i fam foresee olan chance: Ana of "ho antenna eh dx in Cape 6Macosip dot anes te complemen 16 ecosp diple and puch amen ad ate dace in Caper 7 Lie the puch acne Tecan cul be vanglato ol shape The mos rou So cna he pte ranean he ate otaten. Thetaperd ‘lovamecona tag nine stead produces ene ation. Fines numb of applic at limeernave fours. The ann Slr aneyn ca be tel oscil penn for mobile smmanicaons tres tala patina Be cosa cleconzly by lading the ‘hemi nae caecson Tes atenaand emits pach nica {roamed the nd of Chae 7, bee we Fd that the daca ice Smet acon soln nd a age anit ‘Cavalaly asnd isonipscear nd ecaiges a esrb in Chaper 8, Vatu oper of cir plased miosip anna ae ete Th inde sng fo and dal orthogonal fel. The eof ferwhnion onthe ena equcncy s# Sseused in dea ad the conditon Fila pluton ain. The esau fr neem he ela pliant sc cua th end ofthis capes, Asa ch Sh fur mally ving! ede ads 0 phate lerence i sexe incre the bani abou 109% wit an alos Oa aa i Suter appro soa our Ment patched sequential pyc oan andthe fd pai a rrted socal) This configuration ie ecrl a gael coated ‘One th sev lintons of micoseip antenna iis impedance bandh Teint fr dba of mrs anea ae deste I Chape 9 Tho ile the proper ice of tbe proper fg ‘eas, impelance mathing snd excitation of maple mods Hou ‘Sonn cougling Bandi wararopof cade mcrip anes Wiking pat lonkng eric ae compe a aneson a wohaoe Xtupdt by te ann Av apertecled naked eros acne ‘Satfrason othe nse sacs bean manasa. An ped ‘er bandwith shou 9% hasbeen eon ‘adem communion sem ch cove fo site ks and rma eommatcons, a fr enoigsplcaion, sah wiles ca fen nema in epee cpt anna Tw ost th adon 0 ‘Sempccihuncnnmyheegaed opovide euaplaatie, a secs In some aplions pera n to o mre dete bands Tan abi cpr of bane dtd. es pombe to achieve ame Ftv sje by aig he anes. Laing sesed in Chap To'insgencrd way toss caters ca se reduction, d= Frequency) apran,plaeion con alacan pser cont and (hem apg, The hing ss of she ad ate descr. The Pee eating re then wl avin compres dau prion dal era ta nT hag of ts caper compro of ee mp nary ped mice snteas, ® EA (ut ee mperan spe scans Some of he mp Sista csp scm ao comp “td fcc nears eed wh he arent of cote cent Inne icons ave er we del inept wih be Sree tenet bun ae iri ate ln ee mi aa Mie and ave psa fee corer Ra aeSeTef he peel esc ve cate i hap eRe aveany pct plist ad communion ‘ean edin aod oc tighyan pac rasan pl power Teese come he owen fae deve Thy a Fa al becom plein ws ormnionh, a can and compact omcne and es Digs SUENIELG ate anean enced ine pe Tei Salman of paneer ae xe in he tugs, Chap Pal ad ewok te deed ess The SEER car says wih pee oped pes 2 Ne pclae eT eignet pln rae ped i ER pt othe dee. Bot Deni i nd ite ae a re Pile Dep comcoons ad ayoece ee pc ape ached om he ed of Cle 12 ere pst son of isd penn il svt he pc ote eles ‘Acknowledgments Final, we wold eo han he eons who hie helped ws ox Raed Cen el te wo tank MeV. 5. Rely,hiroerh col, fc many cee esti fr seins meson bask an for cone anspor Teatheenunge De Bla oul kc hak Mi Jose Dun ir Re" owuning mppor in che pepuion ofthe manorpe ad Ni. Bob (Ceasar seeing si he res 2 ui a1 Microstrip Radiators 11 Introduction “The cocee of mito ators ws fat proposed by Desc 1 a 1983, Ape Inulin France in. 1955 onthe nae of Guton snd Busiot Li. Homever 29 year pred befoe pac scans wee ft fsted, Developmen during the 1970 was acne by the svaay of fod suber wth ow lu angent and strate thea and mecha Popes pened phalthopeaphic eh anther theretal mod eke fe pate antennas wae devoged by Howe [3] ad Manson If, Since hem exere ree and doelpmen of micosp antenns inary med nln he nurs sane ch ihe wet Tow ome, lw con, conformal confguin, compa wih mera ‘Sout and oo, hve de dvi pins ad the able ‘fhe op arp cy within che bond eld of mizowan nema. (Good rrien of mach ft work ea be found in (5-14. ‘Aschowa in ia 1 smn staan simplest coon conse oft raining patch on one eof dice bra (65 10), ‘Sich hea gun plane on the tree, The patch cond, somal UW caper or go, ean sure vil ay shape but regula shaper at {poerly wad o spi anayis and perfomance pretoson. Ly, de EaSine conte ofthese soa be lw (e,< 23} 0 enhance the fing fer ha Senn forthe radiation. However, ker pefrmance Iryiement may date the we of bre mere whose dete cone Stanscam be gee dn fur, Vans ype of eae bang ge tang of dle conse agent vas hve ben developed. Tht : rr | | || “|||, —-—~—ssé~F*=~—,*—*—“,“-“/-;=F-;,s,E__,_,, __,_, _ «\ecntrane Fett Mica ate otaton proper ae dite in Appeni A. Some ofthese subsea sible [Ete wich male hem sual fo confor wrap antenna. 1.11. Advaniages and Limitations of Mirosty Antennas Micatip enn hve seer aug compared conenions mico- Senne he my pans ve he a er, fangs fom “100 Mist ~100 GH Some of she prinspl advange of icon sens compa comenoal microwave ane + Ligh wig, low volume and hin rofl conguon, which an ‘eae nfm + Low fiction co: lly amenable 0 mus producion * Liner nd rr plriatns te posible wth imple ed + Daalfequnc an du-polriion acenna ca be ely mad 1 No avy backing seid 1 Can be ely ineged with microwave nepal i + Feed nes and mashing nro can be fice smuaneoay ‘wih he antenna ect, Hows, mispanenna aa have woe Lmiins compared 0 onveninal micomave senna 1 Nao bandh and aoc lence problems + Somovkat ower gin (6 dB Lage oi in the ed suc af pe May Ran : + Moe ncoip antennas aie ine apace + Compe ed cue etd fr high ermine ara + Patton pry i dil vo achieve + Poor ens radnto, xep peed slo enna, + ano asin rae ed nd jncion + Lower per handing epi (100; Redd gain and ficiency wll at unazepbly hgh level of ‘ove polfenion and maul coupling wat im aay evitorent hgh Buenos 1 Exciaion of ice nes: + Mcrosip anions bt on sbsine with igh didi nstan ee tongy pred fren nepation wh MIC REF frend cute Hwee, we of high dari conan subse iets po efteny and ao bande “There re ways 0 ine def of ome fee ination. For cuumgle tendon san be nce 10 ote han 6% Dy wing Sei ‘igus oe Chaps: 9) twer un andlowerpowerbadigtintaons ean torre ough any configsion Surface waves iiations Suds por eficiency, incre tal coupling, ede ain and aiion utendepiiaoncin be nse bye seo photo undp seats ts) 142. Radiation Mechani of « Microstip Antenna ‘Wekow hat aditon fom siping srr sino asicsip ttenn can be sede coil f he subset employed thin a Ita hig sive lec comsane [6] Radiation fom micowip Incenas on the tet bande eneurged fr beter tation fc Ther, shick berate with ow pero te sin micros ame ttm Raion fot +p stenaa can be demi fom the ld “dition eran the pth metnon and ground plane. lease. Talaon can be dee in terme the rice ce bation on he {uch meson An scute cston of he ed carne drboton Fike pruh over complied and deb in Chapter 3. However cre Sporociatins and ingle rumen cin wt derdop a wrate mode ects anenne The appoach osnted ne red on tha em aComers cri puch anenna ht hasbeen connec tc serve sue The eration ofthe ph wil eas» cage dibson Gn the ue and lowe sco the pacar el aon oe eur of rund pine Tiss shown in gure 2 fr angle pt 07). The Ste and wens ofthe cage drut arses bec te pc aos {Thal-seve long a the dominant mode. The epee fc: bere ‘hago the btm sfc ofthe ach tend pus ome care fom {he bovom sufice sounds alge, tor tp tree, The movement (fchegs cena creping cent denis Jy ard Jy rte bern nd top sue ofthe pach shown in Figre 12. For oe wicrp Scans the ri HW ery sal. Terre the are ce bere the canes dominates and mot ofthe change concentrate andthe caret How remain undened the patch, Asal tm of caren fae rund ‘Aol the pc ote soe and responsible for a weak ogo Feld angel the ees, Hence, we can make» npc sprotmasion, thr cheng magnetic Bld te nd one ca plc apt wal al ound the periphery ofthe pach. This ampson har peer aly fr ‘hin sabre with igh Al since he baer thin compared tothe wnlegt (bce) inthe ci the ld aston ng he height can be snared eo be conan the eerie Reld nel or foihe urbe ofthe puch Consent the puch en be ode aati srk lec allen he ler eld iat arate patch srt) be op and lw and four apne walle ng the ee of the pach (bec she tngesil mags eld every weak) Oniy TM mater ae abl in hi ci. The der el debut forthe dana TMs ode af the cy i pled in Fig 13 “The our sido of the cy repre fur nat apes o sor trough nich radian ke pace: ig the Hgen eld ane pi flesh micrstp prc an be represented by an equals cures densiy Urs the top suc 0 acu fo the pence patch clean. The ve. i A Fe 12 Chae rbot on 9 ma tne Fn (1 se wy Spread tii) Mersip Rl : Fore 13 Gh nl abn rT ote mire en [01 © 10 Jn Wie erste imprison Sour est ae epee by the ose cee dese J, and Covraponig to he magica lc ls and Ey, respecte ‘Beso, The quale sent ac shown in Fig 1 nde pen by Jovani, cs Maxey ay a thin abst twas shown thc the path cuenta he op Ji ouch alert Js the cen at he Botm Ie wl be at 0 ete Toindcate neh raion fro the oc unt Sia he gen "ugev fd slong the path edge and the comepondingcuen density Yates re. Th, Se ly nome caren deri he eget ‘nage crene deny lng the pier af he pach. Thi howe In igre Af). The presence of he rund plane cn be taken it secant Ite image thon hich wl dou he equal cures dens of (18) “Therefre radon fom the pth an he red four oon of magnetic ren (ound de periph raliting ine pet boning 10. “The new cuneate by 02) ‘Thess ill, fr the domina moe i show in Fire 3 sd ie deine a Bite 0 forthe sot of eg Wand hight Simi, arte ter tw so of length and ghos “Te egislem magus cu emis shesoate showin Figure 15 (Weg he elec pnp gah Ltrs the ae Bld 8 wer de wih caren enaty My, The eation proded by the Pike ani sme wo case of ex and ponte cee Situs om the so, Hwee he ss lng th a fm 2 SERIES ny wie cuenta ofthe sme maga ane pose Soo STe by Lhe length ofthe peck: Therefore iain fom the Frc can ie del ine foro vel "Vid in he inomopencoun icc of hems enna we dtl na There the esi ote epaced by ue fos . i (a) { TTT 7th a: © 1 UA! ee:f/- ervey Rtn Des Huot le plnarssatshownin Fig 1. Osher micrmsipatennaconfianions ‘in ho he eset by equa sls ins lar manner, 12 Vari Microstrip Antonna Configurations Miron amenar ae charred ager uber phic eee ‘han are conventional miromveseenar. Tey canbe degre bane many {omer shperand dimensions A comprebenae a of tv confgrsont ‘taal All miro amennar can be divided ne forbs capri ‘micostip pth antennas micosip ipl printedsiot arena and mir tip uneligwmre atennny chair of ach ae dace wet 121, Microstrip Patch Antennas Amro patch nena (MPA) consis of conducsing patch fay pana ‘nonplanar geomery on oe se fs ieee mabe wh » god line onthe other side, Ration carci have Bren ele For 3 hig umber of prch antennas 7. The ba onBipuaon eed in pace te thown in Figue Ll). Thee ition chars ae ida pe ‘he diference in geomet shape, beat bear ie ipl Recap lar and cer patch senna re woely ted. Type,» patch antenna bese gin bemeen 5 and 6B and chia 38 Bemis etwen 10° zd 90 Some ofthe ober path Shgpes se wel for spl aplicions ‘Thee ar shown it Figure 1.70), In ths bok, theresa cla romani ve duced a Chapt 4 and 3, pete and he wngla| [romeny i decd in Chap 6 Reding Sets Mini Raion . a gutter “hana @ 2@ © Figo ier eh amare ston com won te, (ome seems or met pt te. 1122 Mirosip or Pintd Dipole Antennas Micro opine dpe die pomenicly ram rectangle patch ae fin the eng wh et, The with of x poe pills an (sig, The endian pers of he pl ad ph ae st owing 0 Sint lngutialcuren dsutons Howe, the rnliaon vee Fd and cole radian ier wily. They have been sed Sony 7 I Mop digo, igure 18) and), re aece Semen ving to thie detble prope ach ar aml sie spd et faation The dps ate wel te for higher quence or which he Sbe ca be deceit and herr can stain cn band Shs Th choke sf fed mechani ey inporae inthe micostip “poland shold be inched in che snl The ym Fle pre ‘Spl Fgwe 1 (0, cons of fled ipl combined with anothers ‘Spl nitro image) yids yma sete. Aleratiely ti o tur canbe consider be a ecu ptch wth an Huhaped x. Taei Wt Di 7 OF |e 0} @ au!i a i i ere loot pee (cna VSWR = 2 bandwidih of chi dipole canbe abou 16% (18), Dipl ae seid in dealin Chap 6, 123 Printed Slot Antornas Prine st sntnms compre» ot inthe ground plane of + pounded subse The sot can have vil any shape Theoret, mst of the Ici pth shapes shown in gue 1.7 cn be eed in he foe of red st. Honeer, onl ew bse sot shapes ve ben sed. Te Include ecanguar sot nul so, ectangule ing ot, ad peed ee. ‘Thacareshownin Figure 1.9. Like ioip patch antenna he dv anens| an be fo ce by «mir lin ot + coplanar waveguide Slo ane ‘2c generly Brn rato tha they mit on Both se fhe Sle Uniiecions aon i caved y sing eet plate om one ie ‘ofthe do, lc atennu are dele in ea Chapter 7 124 Microstrip Traveling Wave Astonnas A micorip tang mare antnns (MTA) may comin of cnn shaped pr ‘iccondatn or ong micron lin of sent with spor 4 TE tide, The ther cdo te esl wove tena mined nt ached Festive loi wo soi the sanding meer onthe anna. Tein wave Imicotip antenna canbe designed so hate man be esi ay eon from brouser ead fi. Var confgwation for MTA ee shown in Fie 110 The tapered slo amen a sufice wave ant Terai in the end Ste diction, and dnd in Chapter 7. Ue of taeingrreAA)! [= oS ‘iq 9 Bas id ams wd es otc sch arate antenn, cin antnes,suaedoop ane Ind came ant for ca sation rece a Chapt 8 The chur of cso pth aeennay,micaip so aes nd prin dips sen ee amped in Table 1 13 Feeding Tochniques and Mo Miresipaneomshive ating nents on onesie ofa disc sbt, the tus cay ip ansenos wefel eber y 2 miss ine o ‘Saal poe hough be pound plane Since hen «number of mew fg Temi hve been deaped Pominen ang thee ae cou ‘nicest (cpu ft pronnisy-coupled moti fed. aperture coupled ‘Sep clad oplaar avg le. Thosfearctarredicused ve 180 Sone bere sep gwen ea ean,Mins alo ” Mica Pah MripSkt—— Pde Thiocrane be Moo te nan 2 son ler with emphasis onthe mechanism of naling en, ales cet, sd rave mits, A mathemati mod for he ection i dsc Section 31, Dead thoes of hae feds canbe found in vais piper (6.7.8 12 ‘Seeton ofthe Reding techrigue it pve by 2 number of fw “The mest imporan niderine the eee eanfr of power enw shetaditig Seucrc and feed sacar, hat empeance matching hen ‘he wo. Acne with impedance matching se eppedimpeace rane former bend stabs, actions esitons and an, wich inrodue dco ‘nus leading to spre tadation sd wutice wre le The undeed ‘anion may ince the side lel andthe cospelrampliade of ‘he ration pate Minineton of pious raion and ect on he ‘alison pater is one ofthe mpotan tor forte etion of he fd ‘other onsidetion sth sult hee For ary appease. Same ‘ed aca ream ter prorat ge aber of parm sei 131° Conia FootProbe Coupling ‘Coupling of poner tough probe i ope of he bc chains fr the ‘nf f moware poner The probe can bean nner condor cuts Tne inthe ne of cont ie feng o canbe aed naar owes rm | ip ne pine) + mics antenna troup sot in become | ‘ground plane A pil micrsp amen sing» ype conti anne Shown in Fig 1-1). Th cal connector tached the bck side (cannes ponte ut tts oi an 8 RE pwn no Ele sare pet ted eo re ote ‘rem Wt Ah Hoe, pe it po of the pine cit bond lhe col ceter condor afer ping ough he le led he puch etn The con he fed pie i detemined for he eh modes hath bes impedance imatch i achieved Eecinion of te patch ecu principally hop the ‘coupling the fed caent the Fido the pc mes 13) The ‘uplng costae cam be baie 2tem Co Coupling = [fe ay = cosy) as) thre the rman lng of the pat, andy he fie ofthe fed pein fom the pch edge Expr (15) sos that euping smu fora ed laced adage of the pa (x =O). Moding of Conn Feed The oa, wing Hoye’ pipe, ca be modded by acne tad f cx cman flowing oth eer cnet fam te bottom 1 ‘heap dong nid an nar bon of nape curen i ee ound plane ‘An Melton sips the computa a epic the cece sc san MIONUIATEAN 0002278, cine bys union line cen ion, To determine he probe impedance ‘Bea micros amenan te canons! pblem os paral pate wae Felby non ne ar een le ung he ng eqn formulation Tio. input impedanc oth gamery own a te 110) has ben {min In an sprites amextaon Gel oespondig 0 TEM sd debion nthe anal ng about the poe es fal acute ‘ule [1 The wihingpatans cn be med by au quale cei ‘Sthown inFgue 1110. Tenens forthe quae cetera fe goer in Scion 29 Themed equivalent ce of) shown In Fipie i ld, A mambo father appecaches fo ee ras of pref Imtvstipatcna ae del in [20-23 ‘Coilfang field though th pation ing of hee pins goa the np pede eve. Bi has seve Tinney cl ig of ray requis arg urbe fet Shines wich makes bron lls compromises aby. Scod TGrincrened bandh of sph anion, tisk sabre wed and ‘hescre ree longs pe This ge tet a ieee sprous {alee fom the poe, cen wie wae pone and ince fed ‘ance Howes he fd indctance can be compensate for Dy is paar One approach oodce» capacitor in ies wih he Pobe ‘Seth oucan anlar sin the patch melon concen with he robe [balsshownin Fig | 12 However cial nee ann gion ‘il under cer pl component he rion pate. A variation oF Ths approche fa Fire 120) The amenna impedance cn be transla or eid uy nsdn sloaromagrtcoplinghemeen the puch andthe poe. The coupling rag eer by enti he freind tnd pouting he ok sow the ph. Theinpt impedance Ufpends am the dk ae spain ofthe dik fram the pth nd the probe Pelton. Ths odieaton shonin Fgue 112) and apelin 23) 132 Miers (Copan Fees aceon of the irossip amen by 4 niin on he ae subsite pps bes ntl cho bene the phan Be conideed a xteon Fobe mip line aed buch can be ibid simatancoy. Butchi tehauc lus ne nao, The coupling berwn ee mist ine nd the pc cul be nthe fm of geben coupling sown in Figue isla ugh a gap Ise then ay sowes in gute 1.130) The {action ofthe patch by edge coupled rnp line can be dsebed in Cermsol the ute cet caren en asaited with the agate Tad of temic ine the action planes Shown in igre 14o OLTTTETINGLZZ- tena teh Biles — (rouns Pane III MULE eouns Pane — IML e Fae Conpeen fp cmnce ys least of poh ingens sicromapte cou inoue cing From 8) © 3 IEE Rene th prion) — ae Lh| ET Svan) an oypo i one Jove pre find ‘The wilh of his cen ison teen «0 he te fie wil of the rica ne [16] The curene couples with Ef he ach seen ad The coupling magpie deermined wit (5) Modeing of Coplanr Mirostip Feed The elgecoupll mini fe an be modeled by meas of te spin sree junction. The eatalene creat or hs shawm in Figure 130 Sly te gp coupled micron el represented bythe qa fencer the ap schon Figre 190), The fl of die nation From he open end of te mop ine an be presented by a onde ‘Gow te hunt pastor Equine rt primes forthe dscns ‘Remain 16, A desgn bed om ego fdas 7 nd'an anys af he edgesnuped fd bel om she FDTD approach lcd in (26) "Theelgeouple fe derbies om alinieon fimpet snc mist ene tenga tptane of the ch ai oii eg ie high computed othe 90) impedance ofthe fe ne. Tere an acral impedance matching cou Beween hepa ge and the Sa0 nics line The impedance mnching cea, beside ping He ‘puto ndaton ant be commode inary, bec of ve nonal {Biiy of pyc pce onthe bet The micros ine locks iain from the prion of he uch wh whic en contact suing in ced fads, Thiv ei iin of ied at lime eqns “here he pach wih can Be comparable wo the wth of themiron lie “The pp cupled fed ee mar ap wih et coupling cf paver However arom gop swith power nding cpa (tte amenna, Morons te pene of the mer fed i fie Mina aia, ip 1 fdFed | i iat tbe vse 883 nrW : ] ‘E a ‘Astomes—}—e Merosr Line carne et re ey Hote es ei _An impose ofthe copa fol tha ono some ofthe sor ‘omings mena sown in Fgute 1136) ete the ico He iment patch Theft pion seed ach tha henprimpedance tf the ance 500. The rig fd pot abou the ae tha ed forth coil fe, The apprexinste equaen ccs orth net isp feeds shown nth Rue Howe. the wansmion ine econ wth et length Yeboeld be med spl secs sh esd grid pape and condor baking. A paeate soy of rectangle pth with “ous ine length has bn repel (271 another configuration fr the “lec mitsip fc heed pols laced om te onesie | ‘he puch (8) sin Fgure 131). The cs plated aan igh a ‘hiss, bur en be minimised by optimising the spec ao WL a he pach a abou U3. The etl chat fr cht fe ede same ath {ese in Fre 10 Ths eding echniuchs Ben general vo or coupling the nnendiaing gs Sr appleaons in sis fel Ucar ‘ay 6) Insets fer od nly the nerd aco Sosa diced in Cher 1 Colin misoeip de ry to design nd ica: Hower, ed rics ines contnbte spr raion. Thaw they ave ben ‘Seti pcan were the demand on pearance two ingens End he fed ast be coplna with the gate. The bath chev 39% tt Fed acre contbuton the ain ba eon invest by YW ea (27 forthe eg ee ‘A sey of moncoptnar micros esha ben developed: 0 layer mist fete aperuceupe oop fc ad the cplna wegen. Thee nko broadband sn oasee bee tthe Minter af dog pms ee. The oe ce dsl nes.133. Proxinity(lectomageeticly Coupled Micros Food A congrion of is sononeacing sna ii fo shor in igue 1150) lose abt a he cor eon he Towel andthe rch ann onthe pps per Thee eerie inn opr end une ce pach Th led iter wm ae. Igoe coupe™ miso fc. Coping koe the patch and he inten opie i nn, The equa: cou fr di edo town ae, whine pig cpio Cyt in er th he pele RUC roman ce prea fe puch Thi cpacr ean be ered foingedne mcg ssn ning the pk {poral bandwith The ope end ofthe mice a be emis in rnb andthe tub pomccn can he do mpoe the bend Buna ef he oer of 18 ne bc sawed wing ie ed (0). ‘ec of oe en 32) "The subst pometena he ie i Be le ince she anv a te pc ace sp ton fom he open tra the mos Fr thot owes beth be hin. The rig puch beg placed om se Sie lyr get + gerard Fabeion Ui lower shy mo eee of te eqemen fr Shee alganes bese epoch adhe fr ne, sleng sane 14 Aparure-Coupid Micros Feed “The soil etc of his ed cofpurson (ae wide andi and the shiling of the ain pts om heaton emanating frm the fed stre A congraton of ti ds shown in Fg 1.309 As ‘hown thre wes shes epared bya common grand pine. ‘micro falie on the lower see is eromagetaly coped 0 ‘he cl hough dos aera inte someon god ple. The ot an Je dan shape er Sn, and thew panies can be ed to impeoe ee ‘vith The snr pees fr the wie archon ina ae to opimic dhe al and adinon fons nbpendndy. For ere the ‘ents fr the fed ine shoul be thin and of igh dene constant, Iter the aor the prch cane thik oflowe dic constane ors, aan fom the open end of he edie Jos ot cere th theviton pater the uch bce of he siding flr of he round Pane Thi urs inpoes he polit pai ee auping lt [orsonant the bate radon fom the sb spel 15 fo 20 dB ew the forward main Da The coupling sis ney etre with eect the pach whee de agi il ofthe ph is sium Th cde purer toenance Image coupling ren the mgt ela he ftch al the eg sleamgesc camer ete se. The coupling spl cn fe deemed frm the llowing xpreson [12 Coupling = Ife Fi dv = singmegid) a6 fee he fief het fom he ch ae. Te qi ct Of merece mic oe abe owe he aad Cretan Se phan peas wl eens ot coping Tc mocon ecm sendin ithe RC ecw eps The perce micoip me oh Sai ain cyto Cyc ioc” Zea 2 ithe smite pts d's the papi cae SS microstrip feed line. . ’ an intone mis fh ein ecigu doce shor hi fs cme tg inpone tanith sige ape a eee ere eon ee hf he Ie, al ag inp Smif Sus 3s hr ton npr ro un ps 29) Asi hing nigel one oun pnd ‘Scan me cn din 37 rnin Ie ee ofthe preamp ch hsbc ai 8 od BOT tain 3) Thee in deg me of eg ‘nine eatin Son ind heal me eos SERS eam 318 125, Coplanar Waveguide Feed A coplanar waveguide (CPW) the prefrodtrneniion ie irae ‘mona inept cas (MIMICS) (16, Bach te CPW and miceslp Antennas log tthe pla geome. There, for ineraing mics fess wich MMIC, deseo fed the micp sons wih {CPW 3940). This ype af fig tanga own in gue 113. He ‘he CPW is the inthe ground plane ofthe miresipantena, Coupling is accompli vi slot. Tree pie wth as acho ae show Tn figure 1.15) the comer candace CPW dv the oping st ino two. The CPW is tansfomed ino # of leg in Fg 1 180 ‘The coupling herween the pach and CPW is inductive fr Fig 154,ico aon ei anh Aierip Rais a nd capi fr Figs 1.1500, This coupling tangent i somewhat Siar the pent couling of Sesion 13.4 the nl eillrnce Bowen the eo is hase a the ound plane fe by 2 miss ne i ‘Peeuccupll micestip anennm, Experimesa veigaions of CPW Stata ported in 29), The 1D yer oe bandwith mas found tebe 200 for apt coupling nd 3.5% fr indie coping a abot $ Gls on «subse wih e212 and b= 158 ym, Badrard ation from the cw founds be aout 10 dB bow the main Beam, ich Comers hile can be tedacl by contig the ng lnas sn ‘Sroasialarloop sho nig 1156) Theloop ween death the pach) “Ae adamage of CPW ed tht the iin fom the fed scare is mile bres the cope waveguide react in the od mode ofthe toupee ine [16 Dace moe the equslen mage cents on tk the CPW sn sane seo f pe, contin nel co ‘heed alan, Ts fen of CPW lcd wall nthe dg of antenna rap since mana oping browser ajcent lins sinini "A Comprion of fe stows per off wcrc gen in Table 12 i i 3 i i : 14 Radiation Fields ‘We cali in Seto 1. hat the ration eld Fo miosp anes in be dnught of bing doe wo ibBon ke magaei sure caren ‘Ee pe pipe, In an alematve br gps approach, the adaon Tels ten dean fo he uae cet cute an the ondctng pasttola misonip ssn, Theacewo approche ae shownrobe quite Fit However te itn mechan tae on he ribbon apt cen tv aperture fund to be oneal simples. This eco So theta for + mrber of eres model for micsip ann. “Tse mode re doce Chapter 2 pe 1 bows that radian fm sont antenmas an be well nde erm fein othe monty. openend. This ech [eSeminar [42-2] Radon rom dot tis a mrs wa ie xine by Lew 62], whose am was ag on vc ees owing onthe sonducto The ean panes om ‘heopen end of icrosp in fon oe ia hao Hern treg ipl This eed wi a aed eka tefl of aon nie quilt for Qof micron resonate 43-45), The ays by Sool [iste basd on the fil inthe apeme Fred by she open end af the IE fh cp hata rg mig oer he sh nde (Gung edi 5 I Hale Hijau zt adja as } s[i)aag alias z ee) we Miner Radian, 2 Imicostip ad the rad ple sing the ahs he et of raion on the veal Q far of a cron tonto ws dese 8 #Fncton of ‘eonaar dimenians, operating forny, ative diestic conan, tad ‘hina ofthe sabre Theol and primer ee shed hat igh feqencs, the aon lw i mich le than the condor sd Aller lone e war ao confirmed that open ceed comp. ins ‘inte more power he eed on he low cri conan mrt ‘Vsor poets re wed net 0 deermin the raison ele due ses semen 1A1- Vector Ptonls and Ration Fld Formulation Fis we astue dhat only magnetic caren xis. The sce and magnate fields a any pein Pr, 8) ouside the mirossp stnns can then be sien (vib © ine variation same ad suppres) on os where «i the pein and 4 i he perm of the mete, the ‘pep m deere the ld deo magne cet and wth ang EBejocny The var ele prea Fit defined at FSf| fae 1 is 09 where fyi + espace wave numer and HT) isthe sutfice magnetic Sirens density spine” he ogi how in Figure 1.16) Ae In mow other publi Ini, prime cordate se ed (0 est ‘out poin lc nd npined ood ed dene eld point Inet ‘Sindy, by wing a vector magnetic pte, he els de wan 10) Pnouta Curent P(t Pont Sheetitses Lode! ey BOA aan “The vector magnetic pot igen by au) “The wal Fs dew ath de ete and mages cent ours Fee FB vee -Ay- judi xF 13) : ong ete : HeT Pe ghae-F=hF 207 020 ‘eon pian il qos ic i il oe ee | i= i i€=é=@= ‘ur tbe magnetic ate one oben (17) y= ~jaFy and Hy tas) on fe pase ne aoioHe— 0H) or) (I) ‘nkee no isthe espace impels (1205 ams) ily or ele ‘hae ne, wa ca sad in fie sce T= txEing a “The far lle ae dined by the condition chat 150 r° oF 221 Tor whee Leh lg dnovon ofthe pear: Hence SoEO (19) with [7 =F] = r= rou in the numerator and |F—7'| = in the aw ® eerie BLY Fanwen EEE Fare ntiroegse _ . costo incon + ysin ding aay" i | ferermres om ita ate gan =f [men BPE a drys a — coli sindeoed + yindsing a's” FE freee aan ace . oe ‘whee ithe angle hein the nd estos shown in Figue .160 ‘Now, we apply the above drvaons othe far ef recta cel Sen dtutions, Far Folds of» Rectangle Magna Curent Sores Conse dimension ectanulr mages curen shee and he "ee stem shown in Figur 116). The expresian fo te farne vet renal can be expres (ith rin = nan ase» ysin dan) me al ented fatale’? re whee L and W ate the length and wih of she cen dee, oe Bibs») = Mgt, My p,(022) bss Pf one mi o9 = exp itule'sin coud +. iat it +s andthe verde pens componens se Forany vets he warfomation om reanguli opti ool ste canbe eae fom he flowing mas EEE zy] Hence, fom (16 and (1.28), th eles ill a be oes in ems of and f-. Eye jal Faso Fob) 126) Eas janelFcsbeasd « Fycotsind) (1208) Simia crresions re abr fr the magnetic Fld in ee ofthe este mage potential component dy fe ‘sample: eta dative the raion pate fan ape of mensions bx W why + “Vib Vin and £0 Fethces MeO a M, Js aye beast { Psa asST aay fo chevhereing (1.280) incbohindensp!2ineltyWindsind 2) (128) gu Now wing (1.26, one ots seen intend ink abo to) in Ep ao einen incl Wining tod 298) The above aptoch is ben we Semi the ation pate fa rettngeas pec by ming ie a aay fo engl agree fa scenes Fie al exten fr the radon pet af BED 0 SIT Eagronenstt 2) snd 298) gether logan Srvestngr patch ante Fas Feld of a Cela ect Curent Source ‘The planar lac cre she oman fr» cir puch aces Tee Bai tence in Chapter .Conier planar aed wih eon pee as shown in Fg 1166 ‘Te faesone weston ape poeta [17 ne AMES | [Tee eration’ - Olodess : 030) ie #8) ae the sph corinne and (p 2) te he cna ee SPai H lan 8) = Jpn 819 lle, 98s hen [Jus #8 + Sole. 80) cxliforin denis! — Bindods 30) Mini Rabin » Forany wor Tie tna om indi sphere coord sc be bane om the following ae [1] Pindcons = 4) sindaints’— 9) ome 74 | «| sPsoia’ — 6) costs’ 6) sno |] To 1) [Mane o ee IL ‘Theft, sng (117, (18 (1.31 ad (1.32) the compen or the el ica be writen 030) so-ft af fate ora’ 0 ay see = Sapte = ok se fas eriie-o an + Joie. eat! = Bex hypin dal ~ Sede Sina eagresions hal forthe ves ei poten components Fy and Fyrand ce ge he fr he mutha omponent of maget cure & eel fuse ence 8) explihpsindcaig’- ddnds’ 358 Jaen Preonid— spl jhpsind col! ~ Ondo it fe) ad2c ea Het Man abo “ Bess 369 vadne ff Tyas a8 Eviemhs (3a — — far ici ans here ito uch ml , she apical he ond sn nde mp Bl se nt pul ie cry td pontn sie fo BBE fain droid 0 ‘Fria pane ag Roope a cel itapincu ~ Pode Bi f[ert esPnea = rea ifs slesirPioaee asa “ct | [ain #08 - 6) exlipsindcald- dlodods’ ‘37 “The approach gen shone sumer fespace Gree’ fancon is employed Howes miopsnceat copy + pounded mba 08 ‘SRA te amen pn The eof she ue ad te pound plane ‘nt indadin a ipous mane ening ule Gres feo, ower tis posible san nddon approach which the eof be fpoundl ube on he radian pater ae inl hough ale Ect This apres cae in Cape 4 ‘Once the tated ld ar known, th ctl aneons chances canbe cba diy. Exess othe ated ls apie ther {fom ich anes penta od lips pts, an be dered ‘Erinn manne ota the tng orca athe presned thor 142. MicrostipAntnna Characteristics Caleultons From de ani presen he pring wo, edaton pues and ene ua and etm charts of mcr antenna ar edly Sakae However fr ctr antennae nach a les geal) ‘Boor and eficency, atonal eunton ae tue a dacused nex. Fadloted Power “The owes elated fom an antes cn he cle by ineraing he Popo vere he aiting spe Dissipated Power “The pome sie in a micros atena consis ofthe conduc le Peand the dice low Py. The former cn be deemined fom an PR ‘datonhp by inegring the cae density over the pach snd proud pine raaffo here Ry thee pr ofthe sti impedance af the met aS 1 the puch aren In (39) these cent deny J bane a the ‘angental component of the agntcBl. ‘The dino can be dternned by intern the elcid ver shevelame V of the mice ie reEfffeter-Es| eres bese nim — 3) here w the ain quency. €” the magi Perici of thes, and hi the teh ora Energy ‘he tot ney sored in patch nics i the sm ofthe elec and meget ener, Trem ReeHf finer -niter sn of te complexwr ji she emeatiy, The eric al magnetic eegi ae aq owns, Theor (LI) cam Be ini Jaffe tein te 049 Input impedance Because all mci ctennas have be mh othe snd geet impedance ond he inp pede ation fo ate paealy impor, Monty antenna can be fl by 2 cata neo 4 icosp neon x coplanar meee, ora coil el mir ane, be pat wer canbe compute x renfffere va wher i th si cen ese 9 he com fd source. The pein «domes th il fe Ihe cat canet se deed ‘ntumel to be etl thin (13 becomes fe -Ebo ro | rei! ai hse ayy the fe pie cada The inp impedance canbe ‘eu ng te reanship + al Za i (1.48) bain 2 Rete [rence 5) When be Ag and "ae constant hat ll 0 se “The conf poh an ho Be wed 0 aie «mci ne fed itunes Fo this he ed ene ena Ji (143) bined From the easoce rnp snd the noe mgt el in he plane ter the aos line jos the pach. Thr shown in pre 1.18. The Wah of theca bon chal He ak Sut the le wie of The microg ine ce Append B. 415. Surface Waves and Photonic Bandgap Structures 151 Surface Waves Suice wines He iced on miansp antcans whence che subse ro 1 Beco aon sare wae re tet coupling bem “rus clemens ofan aay (13, Thee unseat of vurtice waves “deed in gue 117 (10), Sufi waves ate anced io the save San atom gle # ing eee 2 andl "e)- These mesa incident on the pound plan at th age shows, gc eed from the, then me the ec inerace,weich so wae des. Falling his tie pth ey aly each the Doundare of be mist sucre wae they ar flected bac nd ifaced by the egs ging tie co end ie ‘adion On te may co the Sound, heres any othet antenna in fron, the sre wives an bene oped wo Bote ice wae Arey Tf episodes way rm he pn of acta, Sic neate FM and TE sod of he sae Those mode ae hare bp mass stenting in tet dition (nema 6 the Srcen pan) td having » sel propupton consane above the cl ret Scone a 0 © 18 fh Hose Reed ehfrequency. The pate voi ofthe sti wave i sony dependent on ‘esate ptm: band The ston fr he poppin ont fhe modes slit (55), The lower onder TMLrype ode at m0 ‘ef fqoecy. I degatd the TM ade. The cull equ: forthe higher oder TM and TE, modes gen by ie wher eis the voc fight in ee pace, ithe mba hike, ad Bat 3.5,.- fr TEy moderandn = 2,4 --- foe TMy moder orshe TE, mode, he leased vals of BA, her Ay he etl weg) se 0217 and 0.072 for Durie, = 232) and Gade, = 13.0) subst ropectvey. Ths he lowest order TE made xed abou GH fr 1 1Gmutick Dud bette oda sh 109 Gis fr 2 200 she Gasset Beene the TM med har 2c cio fegaency, wl alwys be eed a the open endef she mironip stems ren Popup on very thi sastates having ow deci constat alae xt ey the wel of igh The il ibn ofthe TEy rode ach hi fan propagate below the ptch metleatin, and an alas beet above ‘he ca fequeny “Te dipeson celine forte TMy and TE, mas agen below foe TMp modes 0,2. as etch abana) os) nd for Ty modes = 1,35, sh + whee) 0 (30) tere BeBe asta a Papt-Be as) rape slain of (149) and (150) fr the poppin conan 8 steal in (54). Homes, one endo know he vale of ft 7 Manip Rade . she ali of mironsp antennas The cic ae gener tine ng 1 root sarching lim The inal vale of fill need in doh form for ob searching For the TMy mode in ae une, rail propagation conan i ve, and i bounded by 1 = lg © ey fie Subst eiythin,k= I. The alu of iy con then Sand Uy aang ky» + 8, Sbning chi xpresion in (1.49) wept 31 NB PF ad"-0 asx whee_the infiie_sue ia (152) ie Taylors ser for er=Panltobyfe,= =") sound the point «= Bg = 1.1 (1.52) (20 = rnthys) [tsi «et ] «sy «39 Reng hdmi em ayn (52) nec in 5,56 Aityn (Eh) as “Tworterm Tayo apposition i (1.52) yl 56) omy ~ 6 + ele Dagan + a 039) “Thi eprenion ge god acre or sh < Al 1 esse bas smolet lone dein (1 ~} an then he utice we propestion feasane wil abo be complex led” deed. x f= (B38) ih 'B,> 0. The apposite pein fo Bi rind (36) BB asm Bim (~ Deasibybie* asm ‘Theale of tdi in (1.55) (150.For 4 mulls subse conning of NT dice: (hin) ier. 3 cal frul or it forte TN ode is ben bined (37) Tes elton oF (1.55) and pen sits [Ea] ase where ey and hte the contin prams fhe ith er Tee ao of intrest know the tale of che obra ihn ch tha aly the TM suc wave mode popaer and all ter made a lw suf For she sngelayer subse ne cbins fom (138) for tage ws “The condo for he double ayer suber ae i bene a Flows sm vunlyh Yen = Drantbae Ds a) Finally, ice a to plot he uc are de hat, The gic caviar of ity 1 plated ie Fre LIS(D For sige subrat sk 6-22 434 aod 96 [35 Th plot sows the quad bein uf Bill with ky er= fo thin abate The doped ofthe ia ‘a pat fly othe ss agen of the subsite ands hicks 5 ‘odin Fg 1180) For thin subtest ound ay Une Sd anda yl, ~ I igure 119 show ky ~ Ife the dbl er Sabseae with eq hihness y= y=) and eS a= 2 ad ein 2,23 BS. The popption ean fr the Rete sue sine modes» fncon ofthe be hicks Ay have Bee plod in Figur 12.16 fore, 255. “The power cad aay bythe mutice wave incre wih ire share cknen However hicks ing #593 sy oS Deve the ane act wih he fice wae can be ng 49). The ‘aon icy of the amen dees dae 9 he pomer ced ay Alt Fee 0 Vi fh nomads isk ft Soran noe neon ass tt © 1 0. esa mn perma ston oy ite ml iho 42 The press slates near ona ly th hss Bu i 10 We pe mane she sic wae, The sion eiciency it aout 75% when bldg = 007 over 13 andor hy = 0023 for = 10. The deren in iene an braced ar creion in ding te ae ofthe sbstate hicks forthe psc The fs of ice wanes he aon iene of puch anna cued in Chapt: 2 182. Photonic Bandgap Suuctres Suc wae propagation eos pole in mci antennas Sure frst ts efiyana nt anit, ince el re Fito nce nea es nd i the appa cy tinge icp anc Addiinaly, ministtaton cop teAy a and thei eteaton with microsphere eae igh ‘Berar onsant barter ate equi 0 ache the abet “Two slusoas tthe srr wave poem stealer, One approach i con the micomachning technology 159] in which pa of ‘henaate bene the radiating dement i emove oie slow elie Giclee one ernment fr hese In thi ae the power ft through etic wate xian eed ad eapling of pome he pce tree banca. The cod tecaiqe cs on pons band 8G) eghneing 10, 6 Ue thi cn the bre pero lode hat the surce wave dipesion diagram proens a ferbienfeqency range (copband or banda sbot the snes operating qurny (2) Bee the are wanes eit prope slog the ust, nce amount fazed power couplet hep ve. As, othe rie ware oping ‘fc ike marl coupling beeen sy cemens and interac ih oud ates ae sow ate Timplemenaon of ike ler approach cheap adie the planar nate of themiron antenna, which cena ntegon with Ficrstip cul, A subnet amount of leer nw salable 09 Mini Rain « Fre 119 Fst efese mee roe oie eum a tan tran bear a ye oe me hes y= y= trom 8 © 108 tn ey Reed wh permis) nena and eit aplicions of photon bande mi 60-73]. This ‘niga summed nex Poonam mia ate ec ofp ie, which arth foil of emiondctor. Econ wae bare in eens tubarc dos bw in siento. Vatu peo voce eng of subenes hie ben til aie he PD ae of ‘Boab 08-69 Some ofthe lings ae shown nein e127) Eniyatcmpts ive ding » pede ptr of hol in the sbrte {Stl rechng spin pars of cde i te road plea born in Figue 1.20) 60, Ne. ped pater of mee pads a sae vo {he ound plae wi vi [ol shown nF 1201). Reedy em trading patna en ied shown a Fre 1.29 (62. Tis ope ff puna oD long tinge rae (oo ve ae neces) a ‘Sra wth wie mole miowave epted cre vion aoe. “The transmis cccien of PEG abate is csc by Sand or teand gon, The eananinin and reflectances ft ‘Ser nen PRG races wa cc ech ean peFore 120 ont som ings 12 (Te stra el HDi 102 a rose asada mirntpline snr sopband behavior was bene i ty Comopanaps etal [38 wha sh ce in th ound plane were eae ‘psp oles dil inthe rounded subst FmAIG sist ic chatived by 2 diperion oF &~ f dag. A Alagenion diagram fo the PG lace of Fe 1.20) shown in gue 1.200) 61. The accom of qe pc with El ed nh and Sige The grounded vain she emer of tach pal hs dame oF 8 mand the subsite i 2-mishick Dutid wie, 102. The thee secon inthe graph eer thee diet dcton of wave propeenton ‘how in Figure 1220). Thi Spree he Bilin tone ox quate toe fd the tec needed by the shaded angle For ech ston, the propaption vector fin the wave ver ce ved long the oe of the tangle The eee speci pie. X. and M inthe figure cones rape to By» By =O, y= we, By = OrandB,» By» wl, These PXisdetned y 6, = Dand vale Simla. = ean epoent the variable along ie XM, The dred igh nes epee propepion inthe air and in homogencoas mec nt sre conte eel to thar ofthe suet, 102 in thi se. The dato lie a the Ie ofthe lagam isthe dipesion line ofthe TM mode of the pound dlc ‘ah without the PBG nce. This mode espns far sce wane loses inch antenna. The he atin ny orca the he wet ode ‘aes ofthe PBG subset Iran he abcd om sh coins ines ‘ha eo bandgap x tar prevent propagation rep ofthe polation tnd direction Fane propaga. The sopands stein she 6-10 12.66 GH tnd the 23.410 27 36-GHs ange The fice of the PRG lie of Fe 100) can be cared by sheet impedance lw the imple af * panllel sone Land ciate The induce om be mie the vs fn capacitance to the gap Bere she sal ade. The spedane ey high nthe rcmaeeguncy nis respon er the fate ene region of the PBC (4). 86:Patch Artans Design (Onc the pop PG atic has bn see fr susie ware suppres, the design of PRG amen is seine. The PBC ate aly the wil mcrnp puch atena exes that he pach enon Isom suronded by + PBL ace Thi shown io Figure 1.29 for + 2D PG lice The pc antenna i design! in» conventional fon bcs he PG asice does aor nee wth the neat fil f the antenna ‘pte the ute wate, hich inosine nthe ph ses deg, Homers, the prnee of vir athe patch my aie the saan eget ofthe pach fhe PBG lee ery het the ch The and ofthe BG shoud span the fequency ange of operon of he anens.A PEG subsea may ako Be wed a+ pial sport fr the pcs la sah » ° 7 i i i Feetz2Pas m2 Pry Fa12 Areca pth sendy FOG ser sitio, dhe itive dsc consane of she FBG abr wed in cena i 1 sev of probed cicero antenna wih PRG lace is shown in igre 24) The tr ar ih and wihou PG a 8 Be thowe ia pure 125). Iq Bosh cay the mabe bs = 102, 52 06 man sie of 5c ptce wih «ais of 173 mi srs forthe antennas. The ap beeen the pc and FBG lee wae ‘nun The lie we wa angle with prod af 2m and = ‘unde spacing rugy 12 to 16 GHe The ete radon puree for she wo ena te cmpaed in Figure 1.25 a 135 GH where he scat hve he mere a). The pater in both Fan H pane ‘Row apc: econ nthe backward ean a pein che fara ew inna ere lal the see ofthe sabrte nd the aber in esp sees tg dnane vay fm 62 els the following for or ‘he plane and lve ton pate: deol and Yenant —jrcond ach infer= a) Tor Ean panera (8 0") (2598 BO ad culty) for Helin pacer (= 30°) a5 ond er 6 AO “The raion pcs fora sburate Jaded pach te cbse by rmukiphing 238) and 259) "The funa or he ado eld of recangubr stan be wa dccnine he non pterna esangle pach ancena by aking SE fs of slo with the ae ae ne Cape) Radon ven footer rn pens ean be sity deed 27 Aperture Admitance In the peur mode dss eae the lof ek he eer ‘gon othe np npadince repre by fad aiitance, The fad ‘ene saocned wih the power aie rm the pert, wera BOISE SSccpune dar wo the cng sored i he neat Bld The ad _Auaytcal Mode for Micrarp Antensey_ conductance odin alucance Gris eine aa oni odtnce GREET Sa wach pane» power esto dt ried eect The pore ad he ee sedan Be aeted YE REE id dente owen exact Tei © detemine SESE feds However, te sel ope Geld Behvine i Baca pe ay cure dessin ofthe aie power, The peur ‘Sheps dried om the eid i (hacen fan opened 1 cs ine has been determined by eon rg [667 The appt ace cae Aowing om Moen ves nce and te apstte mao The rw frmbons ae case en (sl ported wo approsimains remade, We das arene Ei apron The deat of cece caret fran an be feud 63) ad Chap 3 274 Aperture Conductance, 6, Cone adi ape o oi che pane of the patch show in Hemet the apes conductance of hs dor hs bey clad by 2 Fh Os eng iret oproinatns [Chaps 10). Thesis tame cnmoume tate el dbuton nie gh oof with POSS ain a aiialy lng nfo exci sb of with in eae one The weatane pr nt lng oft diene “Re SEnteance for sof gh then gen by Yo My, 2a fe aS as igen 218 Jeti st i ni esc ae“Te Furie asf of th pee Bl with pet yt ken v2 lcs the ein the sper er of plane wares, One sane sinlys2) som 2) biiy-n | Orme The comple power elie per uni slot length (p+ ic gen by (61, Chae} ean ea) hee Ay = 281Ay and ny = 1208. The egutaene sperate adminance “Semaponding othe diated power decd se yea = e vine Ibo = 3la~ bob es CCompaion of (2.63) and (268 gives “4 be fot asa m6) Ga? EB sania Piya pa fete) aos wn) Gua VE Paar “The imegalin (265) cm beapproxited ld he flowing do farm expres (4 Chop 10) Asia Moe fr Mi 9 om enn where = fot the oni so with, and = 0577216, The maxi Puna erin (260) sn (67) ele tan 0.198 f+ 1 union 2.67 gies very approximate vale forthe sper cpa cae i fd to eso fincton of the Bld eibaron i he erue, which gene bythe care density atcuton at the mea ge Thrfre, «we aa of he open-end bear of the micotlp ‘Seyi moe secre ales or he seganc, We wil we de rm ‘Sprcon clon the sae ana a well a fllwave anc. “Tene proximation fr de clesation ofthe sperareadmieance fem ane raion fom fie lenge lor of mith bin» pound plane "thw in Figte 218. Api he dese eld btn stun be ‘ifm slog the eg and wie of te sl sa tye a eo ff teense “The ans problem is now a cwo-dimensnal on. Therefore, double ou amo fc sper aken 0 pve af [ as, 269) in sity) ome EE ‘The complex power dat by the dot in Figure 2.18 i found by ing he complex Poynting ver oer the pete ars, One obese poa-5 ff Gx i) by 220 hres tthe apr sgntic eld ped in terms of the outer “fom sperare Bel, (270) becomes 4, Chapter 10)rseegatg | | (Hib ote em tee WATER wide oh te CMITI=R wang he ail poms can a be writen i tems of nemork pam PriQe 6,18 EAE ary ‘Comparinn f (271) and (2.73) ye the flowing eon * : 4 sahaal| [ wie-O Sa Paco f Vet ae am Use of 26) fr Bn (27) pes a (72) 75) The ine nepal of (275) cn be expr a » dol inca “i. Engng the Bese fin in + Madu’ seis caring othe ‘ine ye ad ening on he fi 9 ee Fe ts te, Cher 10) Analytical Made for Mico Antenne hat cine SE awe 2)(1-R) 079 2-33) hse w= hy = bs and ste) = [Bae a asinpler pprosch radiation conduc, the ation els one d Wiee cae: ner of the aiaon ls lhe were ied Unf 273) then ghee ra often conduc Fees tein ld th following expen (6: w?s9045) for W'S 03540 «| sn204y)— Wlsow") fe035A9s Ws 2A) 277) w72049) for 2g <7 voter appoch is bse onthe Wine Hop cia (9,70 I ss ppc nicl ng cst dg, tthe ee of ae ERE Guat inded inthe aap. A over exresion du © Got and Gps 19) ren: dab, x29) arm “The acxuy of (278 1.1% fr 008 < hh 5 04 a0 245 < 6 < 1263. Bsc al Gag [73 ave tala ain om a engl Jerald didi surat The nasi a bor eared BEC pial domain, Homer, + clsed-orn expeion snot vate "Syecastmte on he san conactane pled in gue 219 Tr Tero in sr 10.6 co nd oe wi cae ob egal 0 Pore aes observed fo here rhe aio onducance PORE an inca inde deci conta of he subset “fe ihar af, sbuined fom (270), (27) and (278) have been compu as Chop 9 ond tt (270) an (277) ope veryFw2 Ron conc frat on yrmde abee, W em om fro 5 © 9 aan mat Teco ep sel fr Way $2, wheres (277 and (278) ae for Wg 2 2. There is recommenda that (277) be wed for, for thin surat with Bihy 5002 “Ther is ned or improvennt in the expen for G;- Thie sould Ina the ec of, 1nd shoul be valid fr hice obra 212 Edge Suscepane, B, Fullness ofthe sme aerate ld dct nor gv scare rake foc he ape scape Foc tit we lvoke the en of open-end et 1 model the sepane of a radang ee Both quasar wel a Fl seve anaes have been repre, (One of he formals fr 5, edo the concept ofthe lg fe a 1 microsipie (71. Therm ptc of dimensions LW has fost gs ar, Land y= 0, W. To deerme the end cpa a the {y= 0 and = W plane the puch modeled 3 micros ite of with Zadeh W, The capcane of sine canbe cused fom the cane lnc impedance and flee dec constant als the mien ie Teis ge by Anaya Mas fe Map Aas ” VEE Sy, em Za hey Hee, Wi the elev width ftir tne (ze (8.13 in Append By fee sow then he pall plate pace om 2.72), we ain the edge cpctances forte above micron ne athe dps 7 =O and 7 WITH dpe cpctance fr he micontip ne sth en paciance fer he puch Ts ef Sele, ow . “Theva of W, a fenton of W, band for a mos lin can te and demons i AppeodB "le park pponmaton, be on th Wiener Hopf approche the allowing expres forte end tcp (8) B= Yono(Ase) em womeestt whee Se 095 __arste = 245) on BOTs desk T+ 10kgh con “The carey of 2.828) 29 for 0.1 < toh < Gand 245 <6 <265 Conprsn af ebvincd fom (81) wih (22) shows that te aloe of the ele scrpance iy wae in the cwo cas D25Ag We Dll, Heer, (281) my be prefered bce thee i m0 resticon on the rae of te pch wiih fr the formal. Moe gros ‘arctan ofthe open cdg nicer bar been repre in [3-77 “Theo form expressed (76 fr he pened extension of the tain gee en flowsAnil Me fo MaryAnn Me aes oan ean hr Gs 00a df in Append B. Equation (283) ‘ery acct cnd © omy te rhe pear nd een sod the open fd sepa 28 Mutual Admittance, Yq Inshore an of micron ptch mena cha mul ouping tenwec the ele play an porn cin the acute determination af inp impalane Thi infrton alo ved in eeining the maa ‘pling eee the pach foatena aay eign The mca acace Fetwec he ining eg ned expliely nthe eptaee Ga or the tnumison line moe andthe maluprepemork mod a tbe vey ted he muta ndactaee ese mp in he alelaion the eve snes ough a power add Clem expen forthe muta admin bere the prs ae vey few The epson sullen [6 Chap 9 ae gen a. 281 Mauol Conductance, Gy ‘The muta conductance Gu eres rie length slo has ben deed ee ‘ledge of the muta conductance beween inte slow, Theor trate coasted m [Chap 9] n= Gb sy He, 6 the wlécondacance of ie lenght. The Bor F secu for muta coupling Berneen the st yale aged be he ‘neu would exit i finaly lng lo and teree dened Fert es) whee and gare he pra length elFconduznc and mata ond tence rope of wo afte ong TE ected slow in pret com ingplie The soa shown in Fg 220, The expen fr gw deve in Scion 27-1 and given by (260) The epresion for gq can a be eed in a anlgoar manner Fr thi the mat power betwen the oupledslos dermied yaking the Fourie asim ofthe a el i228 Graney deri mn cota Simro). vine heparan L,ereen helt heepesion Gongs odie vo fi ff Oe ht he) oS on) a eB mer 286 here Ls een dance omen the eds. The neg in (2.86) pgm ld mttf{(-uo-d tes hyd € = ful Using (2.6) a (287) fr in (28) Tech pie} @sn Feat ess) Be Mota condcanceetaina om (284) been compared wih she muta condone ofthe urs sang, shown a Fie 240) “Toeagecrnem fund be esona jasljing he above mad fo maa condone.282 MataatSosceptance, “The modeling fr Be iat tht for Gy cet for another carcion| fae tar By = BEAK es) "The toe Fis defied a es) where 7+ 577216, The coecion tae Kren by Kye 1 eap-02ite¥) eon here Wished wie “Fhe expen for muna conductance nd mua sucepace, (284) and (289), rape ae aplobl yp ning slo belonging tothe same pacha dileen pce “The calatin of mil outing ewok forse in MNM i cad cx numeri Int cn the apr ele ae eager ar Bie conve {av eutalent magnetic een a6 BH e-ax Eye Now cach in oc of magi utenti diet 4 suber of salen, of length a The umber f scion eu tothe number ‘prs The magi ld pred by ech ection ope oc ay Sesion a ne once 1or 2 canbe writen by wing the elo mageic ‘Sen diple in fie space This agate ld yl the ndacd cee sexy jaan, as Final he mr Caper 9 sditanc Berman secon an ji gv by 6, nai Ma fe Miri. pata, 93) Neha nll se rerio nef cand uta dian the efi tot nth Wh Be din pa of plo Te ‘cap beeen W, and W for + eicronpine e gieo(B13 oF Aopen 8 29. Model for Coaxial Probe in Microstrip Antennas Con robe Fd of mini antennas ita convenient and scl exciton ‘neha nthe fll echasac of seni snl the xan 1 (teed aren ing prrf the antenna ad te np impedance cuted ‘The poke vxence cn be exacedfom thee dats dese ae ia Fee 223 The naa model on he ther had, employ ane eh. ‘he fed i modeled spay and erence lst and self he Input impedance fhe pc sven Inthe viens of ach sent in Secon 23 bower, the eite cl eng sactare is modee | hin sep of ie with of only hurd cece caren Boing, ‘etal fom the ground plan wo the pc, The probe reactance in he Ine appear aa inductance cate wt he noresoant mode fhe Sp. ava rong pic antena the probe ence ebined Fo iyi yo onus SSO, 299 she m= 1s = Ode ie nla nd incl /(2))sinelee 2) desr) =f Bet astenth) Hate gy = fr p= 0 and y= 0 frp ntl 1 0 TW this ml he probe i modded a sip of dimensions D, x Dy ‘aren uniform cute. Equi (294) ince the ter of ed pio lupeol absent paramere, patch se ad shape ad the robe dimen TR model shown pr foe dure tar eck he estred t enable lsaton no to doe a eee ofthe patch otfac oats on 7 neat he ge models found pei inductances {Sacto high dct he ae produced byte mgr wal 78) “Esti of mls bv beaded o mol the robe resect, ln dhee mad seanoniel problema raves pal pie waves TERS mage ben tie eon a conta dial erent ESSE ee inti pl pla giant vo an infielder wh ree ent deny. The pater per uit length ofthe infin ‘pine an be obsied seitorard mane (7 Thi eas he Babe ape fr pbc pence nthe prec of wo ifite site (6 SH oly) fr =boNe 2950 Hee, ps the poke elias For snl ip vas p< 1) sol seduces (80, 81] Zot tlle Z)—r] where 70.5721 the Er oe, Whe hess ticks nee TES econ ne scott A intel etn appro eds wo the fling expresion 2 83 Gori) 0 aymn(2®) ease 2 FEO Remus) 09% ‘Anacuacosti ed prosaic fin econ apere “The cnet sient sexton me sa ig af magnet ate aod pine cing in de proce af he tobe (71 The ago ee etcledces cet on the pb Ins ore gnou approach a ect ENtete te comil peu sumed [80 Th approach decribed Conde the pom oscil lin with wane outer condor fan cl nf mer contacting gat fs pla wavepie ot ee reiintc 2G) Th in condaor pas doug the paral plate seer D each wo the pe conducting plane, The mage caret ead ihe apotre wed bees The al ansision Line ide ad Tene Sd bain he pull pat pon ae deemind fm he xt HE fe sac une by enc the comity of compen Anahi! Mal for Micmtrip Asters . 1_ir AF econ ba os rote nd pr ge ru © 18 EE er Chewowe ow athe coats. Ur theasumpion ofthe and {ha ze the probe admance can be expel 8) Yate = (Ry + jolly + Le + jC 299) ttf (2)-r] 99 64 BSfsee Wists om) ne 22 (a0 Sogeanne- oon) yt go) 8 Pf) o] xm ela) se i ther of the et hole shawn in Figure 2210), The Coulee cat forthe probe bsaton he probe adits 02.95) show Jn Figure 2210 es ben speed tht ths equivalent etc be wed cen when he finite prt rele by fie sed patch and he rae ma ced vey ch te wr of pec, cording to 2.98) he fobs ingelance i nt» fanctin of poe positon. Expres, baw Fede that probe eacance vas mh el Toeian, The meted fed reaane is compared wih the computed ae in Figure 222 [78 For Atleeded puch aces et warn my not bea very iit dasgn ‘rtiderton bert the onan rexcane in sony deri te ed tenance er theresa equ Im such ses the fed ec Fmy (236) ante use Howexe a pth ote with Short of ator inde the eonane Regency diferent fom the unleaded patch ad he onan recance [7] may no longer mia the fe acter. Equton (286) rr ould nore wd for aloned patch, One ane namesa ‘eigu lee he senna peroranee or ett he fl eae i sch ston. Apa plo f np impedance verve qeecy Ans Mak Mri Amer, 1 Fa nro ec 10M ph, ro 1150 Ferenc ape th fin! show in Figure 2.2 fora rtm ptch. rom the Nyy and Xo ale the pre macance or Kd ecancepea by Jy te ad a0 Lresctanes. x Finne22 Fore hsrig he wan fed can om gic farm rena sir oon210 Comparison of Analytical Models “The vas mai dicuad Gr can be pouped ito evo cpr Ceasmison ie modes snd coviy mos The saumicion Une mode (Secon 2.2: ey plement athe fe of mar coupling bees fading geal ely th ade The ec of sce mae owe ican be nce toh aoa load conductance The jo ‘Tsao thine ha the Rl long the wit ofthe pacha the ‘nurse ick ase beanfrm, Theor istered {othe engl puch gone eins, ing yet ea pala {tennant pobe fed snd ony eft. Arsy atenaae oF| ‘Seagal phen beatae: Howeve GTLM (Scion 22.) gener ‘El ice vudan of fll in the ene decom sho, Thee, ‘teas be ied atlas non al of he sh pce ont ate, Sclty plied suena apa yan Howe, splenon ied thin sab monte stenaarand probe ed a micros te Eel Th ony tension line eel (Seton 22 geal {dpe bien shpel pc, sched omen. and poxiniycouplig. ‘he mot coupling nhs msl incl spi Terre mo secu fo ay senna “Tecasiy moar Seon 23 and’ ate basicaly oy vi md, “The mul oping bw iting een mpl the Im fad poe, whch ase the ec f mati conductance lp The maa scepace nr aecouned fr Suc nave pore as ‘etl binclaed ns orl term Teco model hasbeen gerald ‘Sinclade he arian oid slog cease canes pete coupling, ts mica ined sick ach cago. Mata coupling bres ‘angltpths is Ban dterined fom the magnetic cent model lnticcncof the asunissn tine mode However apa hisappost (oars ied cain the mod eds om vats ape ‘Some ob plate The ition ad tal coupling ce icorpo- fed eaptiy hough hc lange lads othe mulpor eer mode [GHNAD, Vas of tel slang he wih ofthe puch ao inched {Sin the cay node Ts ain Kato ha the ation oF ls along Shetek ot ind ht noe been pido meleyed (pomeryovaerre ouping Bol on thi dun, x eamparson a he ‘Srous anja od py Table 21 “Air devback f heal made i he Kite acu 0 seaman funy and pat ipsa or te sabre it ar 8% hi ‘thy hae itl cp and problems aceasta coupling ing a nae wee and ieee absent cigs Aaa Mab fr. ‘ett: a fy uh ad é ? a positonFullvae numer technique an prove pli of the micrsrp antenna Inwbih lle ich puce wave raion sue waelos and aug ‘uncoupling brwen the lg, egng Bl, ad oor do aot se | tetmdee The eres areal negated inthe aay technique dough se acer ren onto, These cigar acute ah power ed ate dane in the ent chap. The FDTD vechnigoe ao ics thee and canbe a once the fl fist sear pine. ‘Appondix 2A: Theoretical Background ofthe Generalized ‘Transmission Line Model “The geez tivnion ine model (GTLM) (5,14), in pice a bapa o any iri anenns shat ha separable geome. ae umber of rial wed pce come unde tt ep. The thee ‘lund of chit made! presented hi ppd 2A1 Introduction “iodo people micron pach cofgraons wih xp oma te shown in Fite 2.26 The puch in Figure 224) bs oro ing cdg defined by w= wy and = 4p in the cine coordi (Ge) stem: On the other had. he pth a gare 224) hs four ges Asin by ead yay The cra ing isan example ‘the it kind fe Fue 2.20) anda recange patch an xml of the send hind ie Fgae 2.20), Te cir patch has oly oe aati flge and coms under the fie kid when he nner madi como (ea) har achingly al es (omer 2 poi "To dvop theme we se withthe Bld corona the atch alton, The longi component ecomponen of he deci Fc underneath the patch hs solcon of te olowing wave exon ime Aegendence oi seme WE PE, 0 ean shee Wis the Lapin operand is the wae umber in he bse ‘which the pach ced ea practic montip amen, he bre thins bis ery mal compared othe waeengh nthe deci mei Uypally be;t4y 0.08). The ec eld Fy there ca be ead Ana Model fr Miri Arma ne ww) Fie 22 Ts post lor acon [5 me ated wh psa Geoey ith we eso [ony wn fw constant alg. Bunion (21) can thes be woe the uve Cordnse stem 3 (7) 2B) ceo canrm cep sn Ma where by and by at se ito aang the and eins, especie Td dined se scr 7 i the postion vce. Kt aurea this mode hath pth Tone ue consdeato ave souabl, hati he sin foe E ie QA2) am beeps as Eau 2) « lon fled easy Suiting, QA3) in (2A2) and viding therein utug od hse sek Pom © 8 Repind wih enon) e225 A sont reel nc Asal Mah Mourn asm) a PLER oho Yeon) can be fetes aap aos Reap sae [Note shart eo lb in (2A27) shold be ented at = wht thi ai shold eau 34» for QA28). The expreson Tor Yin ge by Yas ear ji Stee aaa} In asimr manne one can dive the expen for Yan can ey sha Yy=te aso “The lanthip ju given cons detain ln sion 10 be seca dvand here T-roof te deve posible. “Titel in jaf the defo of th ine volgende caret lip (2819) aed 215), expen. When apc excited bya source flnedata = che pacheanbemoddledss ombiaton of wo ansision lie seatons dined by ny 4 and wy Tach of hse wane ‘Sn linet ca Be repeated ya nero sow in Fe 225, ‘The ements of ie Y ati oth ton dfned by 1 eu an Be hrined by replacing by 49 GA) (2828), and QA). Sic, forthe eton defined by m4 , the mai ements ae obesined by felsog ay with nin tse cons The euler othe patch ‘vt owe ir ahown in Figure 26. This newer acount for the eee Towed under the ph mealiaton andthe idee for a pers Sic net a th ls of pone det he age dvugh the side Srlbats« ands =, Tonos theo of dated power gh “hema alring pert he ta shoul evened wh prope ‘aiaionsdaitunes This conser nee 2K4 Radiation Admitance | cing per an be characte by an equialen admitance, the socepnce bung de t the word ener in the fgg Beds andtheconductance being dv the powe ls fom raation, To deine the ‘Wal intact mages surentmodl ean be ws In chi mol, an Tpetare eplced by he ent magoese caren. The eeomg ete ‘eis aed by the sun nognee caret te the sae a thao pene: Bees we have qn apr, im geet thee shul! Be 0 ‘Reba magne canon owes: The active wal admiane a =, Sioat a fehl a Ta 2 she i) test inde ine caret on he ape a = dc (oie ange curent Sows at mand a= 4p Acconing the ‘ition ne an in (2A10, we ve 14aj)= batted ‘uke He) i dhe tt ince magic ill along von the specie re Bis Geld th um of the sell magnetic Bie Hy) bic {eve by she snc at a= ya he coupled el Hpi 42 wh ‘Sipocntel by the ape souce at = 98 te apr at = “Theselre, Hal) Hatt) + Hylits t2) eas “The ave wall admitane ss Becomes InHglnn) Eo assy eel Ail Moet fo Mir Aas ve Les deine the sadniance ofthe eaiting walla w =m 38 y ban ans oe hl a HED “The neptive sigh in (24235) i taken since se equent, apse crouse ay and = ae openly ee, One can obtains ane sv apc ve (when sprsches wt) om thi ein of ‘untae, Using QA 34) and 2435) 0 GA), eR seo ER oh ony eu ‘where Vand Vaz the ine vole pon a2, epetely. Reranging (230, we obrain He obo Hn ean Silly, forthe ape a np we have Aeon Bett ean) Pep dea ts =. Thee, AS) a QA ead oan eqn he ke st sows in Fe 227. Ths rea be ‘Bat leemine the iat imgeince sen bythe source ent Hen Moe uel to dewmne he ager rolugs from which the aan htatcics of«pch a be obtained Note ta he gue et in Pipe 227 pec singe od for ie value of in 2A). Ech EE i ace sce art that shown in Figue 227. The ste int reed the ed cue ad dhe made of operon. The pa epedice cen bythe feds propria pe poles seen by 2 {Gnenmade of option Tadcrne hist inglin sen by the ie of iat 227 cam be spl wing the srl an Sew tasers () Tha usu usu vrs pte 227 GTM ast re chan es panera ne ots. © STEER wi perms! imedence sen bythe ed arent wil be obra if he eon orcs {tod th fed caress known Thi tach deed th flwing ‘ees, Exprtins fr he np impedance wl ako be dere 2A5 Input impedance Suppose ly) ithe ed caret dtribuson ase to be ufc cutent Ip om he isis sue Gta « The maps els icon uous a9 = dae to she prec of fed curene Fors ven mode ee (deen Beds at x= yt and at = be Hae) = Ags) ass) Ha = aes) Ao) where 0) isa slain of (2A9) for a given a The donne of he Imani els ys Lea) — HP ath = fl nat) Now, bt) isthe ine cant spiel by he sure to the son > and thence pd by eae to Segoe ot ce Asi Mel fr Mai Ae w nia) «ba Mue ena = BAS AGL AM (0) = —baBa ff) 0) “The wl caren splil fr ll the var should be ult he Sec erent (Therefor, “> Sasi 10) ons team ep hat tof no fr vio fm 0 engi rors sides omer ae of cowry sng honesty open ots fm 248) Bef ronsiotérs [roe fr foro 8-3 (445) Sting or B in (AA) we eth elinaiphewee besouce caren a the eden 2), paca when te pac i ered tyra pokey the function fle) an be sponse as 1) = o8lo~ 2h)ey, ihe ed ocion For hs nthe extn or By aces fA rowers snd (2A42) ges Peovoflon fon frourore ee where 2 she impedance en by (Fg 2.27). The epenion ly Si he at om (2846) co 2A47) aan the impedance en by the Kd cuen Trunon (2A.7) yeh int inate when ely ane aaision line mode spent. Fe obtain he ol npr pela, indivi pet cera poe mas ead However the ronan ee {See ot very dn toca theta comparl othe bandwidth of the pera nade the conten of the ofraanant mode wl be neil Stuteraonace of the peraing rade. On the ther had, some Iva vay chet the opting made hve mode implant 0 {ead Apia example fhe nd deve Secon 2 "To decmine the mpedane see by Jin th cquileat ea Fige 2.27 thes and maine soul be knw, Gener expresion foe hee niitancs te proae in the along Sion. 2A6 Self and Mutual Wall Admitances ‘Tae magnate caret lc be wd 9 determine the al aia sph ste, terse atch ele by the olen Ai elf Maar mage une sure a i piper The wall adminanes ofthe patch Seopa tbe radon admitaee of he coresponding map "The muna amitance beswsn to olge af a =H) and w = #3 ine by Q4 39) hai gH an) bo Hyun 0) Fala) Ee eas whee Eye) fle) and Eley file) ae she apere lec els TET and rags spose. Hage) le the magn il a tein priced by the sure ara a. The apse Bld Hyg 2) {an be dcmined ing the Gro fain chan an is en By Fisensmi)= {thn Boaters easy wht iy the equvon magnate arent onthe aperut atw = and og wo Esau) se dyadic Gree’ facto ht reas the ‘eed arent the metic adhe urea of the pera nay, One can ne the espace Gees untionn 049) rodeeine {te alia, However, ince he ee of subse, Greens Fantion os stfod ed shuld Ye aid ora thin subst wth low (flee contnt (neg © 002th ec of sete neigh all nde ce spc Gs non yl oe proximation tthe ou ‘Snitance “Ahough nul adoitance canbe cle sng (2448, an ccte eh proved by the nana expeson. Aetna expresion for he ‘Sura dian nl 7 PRES In (2A50) bitte bt hice and, sth mal eon ewer the souces ar # = my and n= a3. Beare 93) = ea ah falls that yy) he apene at» =» and» = ae considers, the minay expen fr the ural adic econbund ae, vragen “CY eas where Eyey fle) and Ey) fla) ate the aprare acc Bet Py and 9 = op, sapetly. Ejion (250) should be ed when she tenimision line log the «isin and (2451) should fe wed when She tansmision ine i aang the» son Forse af amieance. one should wes soso in pla of muta ens in 2A) and (AT) ‘Appendix 28: Eigentunctions, Equivalent Dimensions, and Effective Permittivtes for Some Patch Shapes With Separable Geometries ‘Tye cgenfancions eure fr the cng mal mali eau comer are iven noe We au hatte ni of he thane ote pla ‘Ten bt te pete, wt ine te fof ener aed nthe fing es Toe even dimensions te sho dered Rectangle ‘The iefinctons fr the tng shown in Figue2.2) ate given a Wars 9) = colkgscnlhy) form n= 01.2... GRY whee beat and bye Euler Tingle The igefntos forthe wing shawn in Figte 2.2) ae pn st eats) =o Ee) Es} oem) Anal Mo f Mir Arne 1s Serer sol a eo so) ee. anwean € ‘ity and Siy-Dogree Tang “The singe show in Figure 228) can be bane fiom that of Fgue 2250) br pling mgt nla ie plane foyer. Tien’ forthe angle of Fgue 225) ae en oboe sero toe) “a)oo(228=42) ans fon) Jena) seals Coe) het ightArge sosoles Teanga “The eens forthe siangle hows in gute 228) ate given a bles) = cE o eae Foaling) =o EE op Dik “The eigen fr the de shown in Figure 228) ae gn 8 Wan" SalbaPleoind 69 0.12 2322 QBS) her ag tte 08 of Slbeaa) = Abit Nodes fr Missi Aes 7 Crear Sector “The igenfanions fcc sco are avaiable only when the er age (cis ceabmulple of 3 othe slr toe shown in ig 2280, the Sefton gen = an =Jimpeaind se) whee» = eri adh ati Hb Cedar Rng “Te decfinctons for she Gs ing how in Figue 2.28) at gien a Saabs 8) = alban Yh) baa Yate @B7) ae Und) ~ Head ella) = ‘nul Sector or Cecular fing Segment [avin the ewe of ciation the siento for annus 0 ae ‘Macon wen he ssor angle a mui of Fr she ala So shows in Fe 228) the eganctions ar gen aot. 8) = Usb iChat) ~ leaped ss whee #= la ad hy ato of Hib) ~ Fb Dick With Narow Sot “The gvnty ofthis anna is very silat tha of dk Fgte 2216 tatu sot cu, Hower ei ane ikea ccs with band nan? There, te sinking fa dk with a mato Sloan be wicen a tt} =O eg « Jha) ano)hr hae ati Fialbnga) = 2320) ace Dice Constant and Equivalent Dimensions The evi model fhe atom sues maga wal lng the boundary. “This ile an ound exten a the py ounday shown Fp 210 Lp tha the phys dnensna ofthe pach ete bythe quien mesons so tht the ea mode can pic the roanane fequeny accuse. Fo some af he peri, he sume el ale by vpn the permiivy ofthe see by the eet pry ‘wheres in some cies bth the eave pei and equi dese tie tsed I this connection, ner mettoshavee tedinh raane 1 caabte scr the sooner Reguenie fret ach cea “ls equlatra engl pth and pial dk oom [OT] A gene Aled appends hs ab been repre othe mic antenna nee (92) Theetleive emit andequtalen dimension te nth apposch a piven nese, ects Parity ‘The efiine relive permiiviy of = pth atoms acconding (921 i Aned = F fe0eFed esa) The function Fi empty des fom she aa eccpie by the Sign lead he se he pth eb ren by fet, igi Bl et ce 2 wet ofthe pach ro wer (0) a cain be serine, To deine she ae opi 1 the Fegng Bld they ae suum to etd uniformly ne sence ual the saben Th fr lpia kw sen ‘sand semiminor asd, these ocd yt inging ele bined les b+ A) mab whee bh) BA) There Ai Mo fr Mini As 1s ene) eof 28.16 in (28.1) gee weet dD $48) xan dil dk 9) (2) nate ( ito) for an equi engl porch of sie gh B17) Fora ezangl patch antenna one an we the wellknown expen Sorte eee reine prin (BA) or (B12 of Append Ba the end she bok. quale Dimensions ‘Thecgvale dimensions fs patch atnns tala lagerthnthe pica mcm In the model ded shove forthe eae permis he (Sten ofthe patch tenn ae soo weed vo pura diner For tang pic, the elent gi bined by sing the eed tet exes Bs on ier ends a he pth An corte expen Fr [BCs een i Appendix Bin (871). The phy ie Ws replaced by {he ee wd of he cotepondingmicronp Une Gee Appendix B = {he endo the bok) Fors cea dit of ran, theeqilet ada ony th fe be fe syeefie Bef estecum tara r0] ap et pen sing pc, mone onde eet eae ce ace eee ‘fel re The eqs rie of th da i hen edo deine se five side length ofthe engl: One abs 92os 1 [olf aster a] abi) were age NATE hess Ae thee he engl ptch “The lip dk canbe modded a + cel dk of eal ae. For thi hese fan ipl i define he geome mean of the aes tf wo cea di wih aie and 8, ta i nab = fra. Here ‘isthe mime cand be seme ior a of lip ik The “quilew cn ma ah and semiminor aco this dik ae ori om fhe cea dak te creping at The epresin forthe quent nto as th lpi ake deve gen by (BLS) and the ‘Sue senor ai fo oe by epi ada by B ad Tie pes, (28.08 “Fe ae ofthe castan cn (2.12) bined by cre fing be alee ont enc os he formas en above wth he mee “lle andlor compute! urea ue An apne vale of 07 fre for ile ch shapes svete ge good mach fr thin sabes with IWleiy $002 (2) References (0) foun MMi Ata” PIE V8, 9. 8. 2 Cae, Rand al, Thor Isp eM ‘Sige a ies sn we a KALA Suh a ar Ce ery ZSSUI Ua igen vl abo 186 yp TO 1 ie Rn Hh Hf myn Pa ein 1 Ramee th GG Terie 18) Behan A sant Ginga lech Rag Mg eh at Tam an or ry ws an ks) Ail Moe fo Miri Anas ry Dp RK ye a Pw tnd pin Vl 96.17 I Tt trina oft Me ett nee are Lc Ven Ey ant A Van Cpl, “Tiss ne a Mal Cog ten mE tens nd Pog YE tarps Gen Tei Un Med Moshe ne inn HD aon aan Ra ‘Taunt Lie” Pipes he Rech, VL, PL pp OAK ee aan nd pun Ba APRS pp. Phony yan Sh Th nape espn Cit Ries Tow ama om an EE Passing Ye AP 1B pT. hous AK co ay nd Ma Aina ee Fo Cae pie it ce ea ALL Jos Bo, Atti nmr Ant Hoe, Da M1955 THRE aa Papp gaa el 8 198 pp. Hh Db yal A 2pm “Tannin Ms Ari Many Spe ‘pests Cg is Ds” Erm Ya 3,19 Scr ai iy eS ts a Duke Geant A fled Meoi Aen” IEE Do ‘ema Pupp eK, pSpa vo va 0, wy es en pn pi Ne Seek eee Arse ad Prpeaion, Nol API, TS, pp 137-148. | fee eirgienpen e aea Rekr ciao ees SEES pee i Seinoar thet ons Fegatrsy Set atrhpae t ‘ese nea ohare cre Sa SIT ee can um ener ‘KF ML a). 5, Dl "Chicane fhe Eu Tene ate eee ieee et kee tan areca SRE Lhe tra ter tet mgere VaAPSE WHE pp SOE ine ritn ie cenauneg een ead et oon ee gia wer igen Soy Same a Mt tte oe Sota etre ten tm go Peete cian atten Doel erect ) Aaa Moe fo ip An ss ‘plane PDT, nda oo edn, Kh, nd. 183 anny Vs an ay" ky pl np Pach Ae ep Fe iyo 1 a Po ‘hah. Pw Cin Mom Lp, Spine Vi, Nowak ican ay Vs Gay "eng ign Spe ct a= ny Vay “hese Ca it Se Ra Ce npc Pt rmsd Paes Va AP ‘iene Pach Ame EEE Sop: 8 p16 Gi GR Get Ct. Capra re fe i em A a KG Gag. Mion Ne gps Madge gis nM Path Romande” EE Te A Seige WATS IO pe Se Cope 6, "Foemi ae Ma Cn An (ape Ce CS, Sgrnn al genes Tho ‘Saeco Dm My hn EARS mp Be ‘Shr FC nd XC. Gaps “Am sal Opie Drip of Se Fe ety ie ie Sn wt Poe Spa ai Pts os Km Gand. Gaps “Nanaaig Fg ad Fo ge Cap Cone ‘Mp Wann Bs Mhenp Aves” EET es nd ‘Nonbuenaltb, tgs mG an CG, “Diet Cll Mie Reon Wind Mi i ond Pp AE ‘Si Rec ey Rn EEE Tom re ron Pope By Sd Rc ort HE eo hey nd rs ero sete hn Pt Met Noe okAnais Maes fr Miri Ana os ry om 8 Jadu an Ago, “Sine Apne om fg POSED ala ey Rent cua Poh EE Ta [fated Pope Yee ABSE. OL. pa June R 5 Hl nd Won Moma Thay ad Dr Poe ins inden OH SRE ipsa olen VTS Top aT Wurst Raining: ery Moi Coa SO St ty ot Fo Rd Hen,“ guy Bhai cf Mio Opi PELE) Mince due Sanne a 29 ep AE Chey Cty "Te Ege he and Map ue Con SSCS sip a Se TEE reo fans Pg Go Ao Ci, "Wee tt Cnn nme Edo Son uae! Pe Warp Alon» Mano Path Benen nappa Ab, pO na Kraay fro Seth ns anit Sec Ne a a ‘Ma. ap pcg nd Cicl Mni Capon NOEL nee ite eam Tory ot Tae ot MEE ud F.8d Gao “cy Opens Cai of Me seein tins Ws nye” EE hn oa Tol ean Va FEDS. 8p 1108. Jian RW al D Ro, al We A of Matlp Opn ma ESSN et noon Taye Vl MPT SS Jer Hn Hae ei on Se Tn Ma we Mel pnd of ory a inn fain Fm Ds Sil” IEE 7G 8, Sesh fiat eave Uo san Sef ilo Nem Ma (6) Deg se D.C. Cn, End Carin Nato» Co Pa heath en aE Fats nd pag VAP (a Ta 8, MAL nd A Rag pimp Pe Fl Sch SDS Ae eto vn oe Popo ek AP yen Ain eh nile ae Be 1 Fn LE nt hig Con (earl, Asad AR. Bk "A Campi f Malo Detine Stn Pq Rupr Mesa AEE Tv A Sebo Ve API. pI 151 Sam, tl Ka i te ye Ram ‘ofa a ahh mp 8-109 (ts Ram nt WK “Snead Acute om fr Hast OES i CeaieeTma Mip Pa Asc TEE Pm ‘nnd Ppp eA pI 101 Dai 3 mR Sh Salt A aa (oy Rs tes nha SA hae 1) Sh Re De ant 3 Yo, "Com at Imp Formas he ban gens of he Tar rip Nena” BEET Se 0 Poppe AP. 1-1 mG tgp al mde pn Ge 0 Sn i "opr a eh i Sei loa) Np Pant hn "Sige Apo Dine rat Fun Mn ata! te he Mma as Pe a HS 88Full-Wave Analysis of Microstrip Antennas “The aprosimate mel ofthe mii anna dened in Chaper 2 tee numberof simplifying sumone Ths sampsons (1) ge te te amie singly ie the frm of coel-orm cigenunctons (2) oe [oe-orm epson: fr wal ada nd xe, thelr, numercly Ie computer ines and () sean ado approach we counting or ‘roa penates sch at pce wave dao, sree wae ration, ad ‘ural eouplng Therefore, they mfr fom 3 mambo of lta, Toit rina limietions rele bow 1+ The modes ae acct thin abr (Ay < 0.01 aly bet i the sanpnn Be + Thee madelarentaccrte when applied osurow width mcrip ipa (1, Caper 9 + Some of the fed confguaions sic at ptotmiy-coupled aed pene copled mien fee wedi wo mode 1+ The mos have oot ben teed fr aitropic sera, + Crapo raat roma puch amtenna bs ot been peice ‘sing the amino ie mode othe mole rework del ‘enue only single made aa hat Bon cand ose Mor ofthe Knitaon ined here canbe oreo inthe alle sechniqes. The tecigus mintniprtd scuncy a the exec of ‘sumer simply. The pcp smumpuion ofthe tog equation eesqueal ground pln enfin ner imesions "The femulaion of he loa bed on gly cfg be bound ont ae secre rce Tiss ane ying thence ree Fane forte comport dee "The Gr’ facto ocoer the df of dies, candace lou sutice wae dey and ype wae radinion. The boda coin tbe pack mealaton leds oan egal qunion, Mawes equaions in ena om en she fence frm and volved in se Tine domain wing he ieee e-donain (FDTD) apecch Ts ‘hiqe des not make a of Gre action, bere wel ted to bc ito cout she fic of» fides ground pane and mbt ‘Any ebeted sonido devi th antenna cam be nla nthe fears the deve dinero ee. This psy leads toan acura “a af sive micip nena, Son ofthe fear ofthe Fallwane ‘ecnige inde the (2 + Ary. Fallnvescigue genial poi the mow acre ‘olrion fr he inpance apd adation chara, + Gamplarns, Fallon los ae comple fo the os pars a Ite inde the cfd loe conde low pace wae Fadi, surce nave, pd exe couplig + Vesliy.Pllnaveschigua canbe wed for abil shaped nscusip elements and aay san pet of ing ecg, Iles gemeiey anbowpic ust a ative mena. Cimprationo, ullnave chaise nue intense, nd ‘Baroe rie sil propamong oeluce compan eo We nex dei the see ms popular allwave ten Ths ae ciel te pcr domain ule ton (5), the mined oot ce Feld ine eoation spa (5,8 0d te fie dies mesons ‘eclge (7.8 For said maa pobems sentation an Be lene ie wpe 1. The ing equa is wsten and sole in the wel domain. “This appoach gue eed te ya dma appa 2 Inthe he approach th pra domain wef ating he {Green's funn tive fm te hen a hi ape and the ep ean ie sled inthe pce dao. Thi apron povies nce yang dhe pblemandcompuasonaly Pu tie days of Mie Ane 1s moet When hea presi and stor potential combina Clit chosen forte ana dhe tigue feed 0 athe ‘ina prema pal squnion (PIE) ecigue Wes asume Un plaer atens n no el aen ie isto kp the roby spl Tn pesado ans see is. 31. Spoctral-Domei The pect domin ull-mave approach 3A eth xt Gres ancion forthe ted dae ue ofthe micros aenra. The Gee's anon ployed inthe dei fl napa equtin foreation to sal the tnd cots ate pach ncaean. The ong egal estions reine not caf lies eatin by ean of be moment method ils mua union, Toe slaon of the mare equation poids te “lake dbton-on the pach metsiaton The easel and fad ‘Sowers of he anena ae ten sessed fom de utent diibton Sta the Gre’ nc, Fe 3 Tiss he major ep in the ras The ‘hig met lsd foc a tecanpr micosipaneoa The eoufiguton of rstangurmirsip antnna fel by ous ober shown in Figure 32. sao of «meal pach on 2 gounded Tetwicahoraeofdiiectiecontanre, Themes acenna my empay \nhosogenous or med dies nse wt of sobre (6, 1) bebo the pm canton nd fe pce y= 1) above Besse she ied {Teese nur the Green's fan i be obi in cd fre oly ‘be tpeud dominic eld Gre’ fuente weed and ‘Patel avens ae deed in Appendix 3A. Thee epesins are gen ‘eto For the xt cutent ,o the siceleccineice a=» bythe le eld components he peta orn ae (ee 38.14) Full-Wave Analysis Rind h) | ep AB sin bY alan a zisesann sat tbintryy Bathe by BD fe 10 Eyfhe ty | PT. PT, ie eu ee a)ior ts sgn indiok lk Wane Apo Mii HH gl {is iL | te men mar ena wi pet ed les) fe ee atc ts BLEUE eee es! ee] 1a Fa ty dee Bl component in he ecaldamain we Ge 34.15 ea] |) he He fy i tyavegefeetaad Q _ es edt yt a0 Toe hth fat ams F =A sed p? force htogion t) Imth) <0 3) i HHA 6 fore> been 2) Init <0 G38)BBE os dB eno the doable Fourier aor of Ea is dine as j femnas ‘The mttion fy for JAF +B ely spaces ie rail a,b is being ened eso lp the ede with de ae amount of Beste {Sing his ution fr the ope domain spree Ina micomrip antes fe by + probe erent het ar evo pe oF cerrnt: acta caret Jon the probe nd the sie cet ot Path ‘sirens on he pch meio The ph cen induced bythe ‘chaton cues Both cen ge ef fel. The boundary andi tha te woud angel ee fis pou! by te exon caren and the ded puch cent Sony mat eso the ach arc re He {ove flloing nepal enon (FJ) + FU) +0 fal pone om the pach urine 3.6) Flt ye Ate) G5) whe the wn sure cae deny to be deine. The second term ia (8) died FO) [ls Beste rleobo an where ithe gate Gre’ anton. Inston in (3.7) ecto tur on he patch uric, The we of 37 (3.0) ys the egal equation PED) + [fh Berteorededd a G8) ‘hic nan ing oution bcs unknown apenas ener India when he path meratin ie per andor ors ley ‘Shdacor the et of he le incall by insoducng 2 sce lmpeance 2, (ne) eal wt ni ofthe gentle Bl 0 there arene deny Terre (3.6) sould be model to 2x0 0B) = 2) Plt Ap of op Anas 1s Lffoo Fest mtadn 2009 “These impeance of mel hee with conducive dnd =o 2-06 pyee 610) ‘he dileiclosscanbeassount fry inrodeingacomple diese ‘oosnat =jeand) forthe abr “The nei squsos (3) a (39) cm bese sing the method of moment [1 In tapi, the unkoowa src tent espana Ime of known baa or ejunsion Funcom wi unnawn coins ‘This proces nets a eld aration of cnet. The ita {Gps then evi anes faa fom esa ‘tea simulancoesentne Tis pach, aed te med moment i dome in Append 38. The rete of he method of moments sion 1G.) ca be nen saci ai om imtlanRVInias N= Mo Ny ow Here Nand Nae the man of-ieedady-dicte expansion curntsropeeiney The iol mati ements ae deed allows (e383) Zhe J frrar@geUiey a “The slage ver elements athe vlagecontibsons produced by hcp cap cnt hed cin hye ee 38.15) Va f ranged, hjsxory G13)Flan Ana of Mp Amen i Hee 9) the fg poie The amples of vrou expansion Wie este By yess tilt G8) No y= Zyl hj exory os) Qe = allée? 19) sd the Gre actions (se SA.) 2g wh [Hekate , Hr tdsnteaby i ena on > nich can be sbuined fom x stats bse akan of (414) fete ade arent and GAL15) er he Jee cans The sana ae pine (3) dl by = sindoond (32%) byw bysindsind (32) B= bind (528) ranma fom (3) cota o (8, ) coordinates ys (9) Fai. 8) om Se etbscond + Bind) 029) oe Bylr. 88) InlEjeo~ Exsndleas® 30) here Heke # = Hle sik 30 cos 3 Faclaon Paes forth Tay Mate tera comer the ans ofthe recangaar mics pack Figue 3.2), etn th TMip mae The caret density expres aes of ge ‘fee domain bit non wi she uo inher dcon canbe wien att) rip Aue o sae gpute-u2] fends 9 “ohare Vo the voltage a» £2 and Zs the chats nganc oF dere inc of ic the pach a ogment. The daon pues for he Tig ade n= 1) ve bse 40.0.8) BLOM FU Aetsintts) 9 or Asin spend 030 ee wtere Yp Qn/Leath Fu) = 25 wy = inhi) 030) For dhe TM mode she pute length soe ach tat wet 4 os whee es tive dice oman fee rossi Tn, Eguton 1350 then tome ates fe Giekalnirit NE a) 38 “The principal plane power pate re cbined fom (3.34) and 8.35) sod sted nex Torthe @2 0 plan o lane pes Eye0 e309 cain} co rain) Ves 0 PHF 296) cat lex ie nail « ees Pea thine = 0)For the = 90 plane of plane ptr re 0) tease « (aj a) we sinc Wig sn 612) ao) fe sn Bleatainer [New we dcmine the raion pater fr unit sng cent soure The ape for hit ure cen wl vide te st of ae onthe radiation paren, and can be we i tfc feb {nthe aso peters dered om he apr cen ode of Cp 2. The dene fe a Gry. 2 in thea repon et 4 ui enh rece caret ure (po, bine fm 3.1) a he outer Ceanfor of Bir 9)80)— ye) Bi Fibagead «Za f2athe halite aOlapLihiy 21 On) epitle= Md where the nde = ory andthe te deinen (17). Earesing Bian =z] [neaitonentisietti 7 3.42) oe Py = Zeexpljtshexplajlbesy + byl (343) “The farnne ele obi fom the stone cation of 42) ae (1 Pa Anais of Miip Ans £4086) = Bacal «hpi hh ytd aa Falr 0.8)» SBeapcjtordeapithrn + Kylee ith) Py cosine 245) ad nh sly) a “at oa) Hindi) p= Hist) e489 hres fy avd ate dfn by (3.28) 20 (3.32, Expelom (4) and (345) ges radinion panera dic «an siete by) and determin the ef roan “nt othe radon pers. Radiation pater or the yee cent Cin be asp in sar anne 113 Namaria Ealenon of Matic laments and Voltage Vector The eau of matic demens (3.12) ole sil inveation. The four space domain non, sung othe Fourie tals of Ja sd Jean be dane che Fr ig ol wo net eerie ‘The dol infinze iegradons oer by and 4 cn be rele to» single ine lraatn by cern tothe pol for by meat of he fll, ‘anaematin of wer b= Brose oan) by = Bina eam nd decors, dt = Bide. “The linis of itepaon now bcome O< '¢ w= and OS a £2, The nae (3 12 thefre bsoe 2h. | [PumrayFgredtee oa I Und FU,FW Aa of Miip Am, m Numeicalinnpton ia (4a vey cmputerinensv. Tein sion wth pert don et le uch compe Sine, bene (he Blconveigs )sly Beles the sarap of amet inegsins dhe singuate f the ined sede sl ced, Thee pe and bach points Pos soe dc tote ro of T and Ty inthe devote of Qu Psy. thee ce epee TE and TM ice waver onthe grounded deen Sb of the pth ots (ee Seton 1.6). Ral propagion conan fr thee mode ate dermined om the expenions 2 and Ty = ©. The soci poles in Qy a lle ewe plo. Theres ala at Fea ne urce wat pole coroponding to te TM mode, base does not be any cua equeny The prac of other ods dicated by the tale of bid Bac easton ofthe propagation cost fe the sia trove pls bas bon dad in Seton 16 The pon of poles onthe Inepan path sown i Figure 83 (5) For hose subst hs Ben ‘how thc the sufi wep ol and gen by (55), ha (2524) 64) 1 he sabre bat modes lo defined a (1 tan, shen the sufi ‘wave poe is abo. comple vahed and defined av ky = im) eegraton ate . ote oss) Fah coi ple 4 i path of ngs tw iy ‘hts sonar he ple ce as ee ‘ro ©1368 J Wy, ep! wih ema (iy fh with, > 0. The proximate eprenion or Bi igen by as BB 85m) B= (e-~ Handtbybiey? (350) The ae of ie Sine i (3.49), ‘Th branch pins uss « hy, and corpo the sos fhe uae rot fncnn hy =~ BF. The aig of ral Ay don nora Uhesinge-wled race fe egal bec the ems iin Ea en Snore of fy Thine ont the Bach pine conebuton fom he ‘ial fs consider. The son of proper banc is deerme’ by ‘he reqemens th chee waren (4) epopepig sd atenaning ay fm the ote. The ements Fle by he allowing see Ink) <0, and Rel) > 0 on The ini iegrton in 34) pee along thee a ie compe inte ep as. foe] Uaer os et Provan. fri erpass fx. cisass f m9, asae : : “ “sn Me) FUME) os “Tes ingens te dco nee. Numeric! inegrtion verte inal ky, Iegratoninhieegon cn ‘ecrialot mumescaly ungany ce quadraarnerisn eige Integration oer te intra iy S|). The sings xration pos dhe ued fronton thse Buea leone sgl phe 1s sown to ee For hs eh itera seeinFB) = {$B ~ Fgh B+ Fgh 8 050 wre Fin B= 39 oe Cas Hee, ~ jf te complex pole and Pie he reidueof fhe pe Theft prof 3.38) aw rele nd ca ened mame ‘Tae single po 3.4) intel anally and given by (5) se + thoes Bal sain Soca t 06 [mine nuinlst om The contusion higher oder uti wave moder ca be obtain ina simran Numerical inteyaton over the interval bg o-_The integration over ‘his imenal commer ery ony and determin the fen fhe as technique This ern might anrme a mach 80% af he rol CPU ‘ime case ofthe ht that he eran highly nd hl “omerene Tipe enantio othe sow camerence of the nega Is been ibd ef the sure ingly ofthe Gre fein inthe ge domain bs en intl ba ped et tepals (2) A ‘number of ehniges hte ben devi Fc the computa tor. Thee tne om optimising the mamas of Ingpaon pos 1 acing the pmpode value ofthe ined 51513). The sepa fsecinn echo ar Been fund to hen ice (16). "Theslow ene fhe gal oer thine ese sti arf the Gee fneon and he xpanion nding ncn tha ext lh Rae Ay of Mii Arne m ‘ove the nite spc doin. The xia behave of he ingen ‘sr te fine eptasonherween she epamion apd tot Fancy, Shc give eto sino or var nthe pace dri. The oxon| fe ince with he incase in ean tune berween the expion feces fncone Aa eympete oiarton procera ben mgt theron othe sow cane poste ypeach he ype prof the Gres fncon QV) tact from the Gree’ anion rhe inemon, a oY Jrvwestonssde [fruanay- ohne +2t 30 The J frrveieteripdede 699) “Te i ins on the RS of (3.58) now conve ater compara tothe online and an be aed ng ay mame nein Isheme nthe hid tang of Began Tented in the econd neal sil oxcilning and soy converging, This problem war ken op y Par fa 17, 18) In 171 thelargaton vale ae hanged fm pole he (Caan form whee ewer nila at xpveced In (18), the shoe ned waves expansion ich have Bite suppor inthe pera domain. “Thetefr thyeoul reat the ange of regan var. Paw te cared ot sala ealations of 2 bad on roo expatson and ‘tig Fn (1,20. The ehnigu sed ihe neal ease och Ingue andthe roikingexpresion are 1D ike ita. Homeer, tse Ista ivaie «logic sng. In another apo saa ‘aon af 2 aed aan the pace domain [16]. Th bass abd xing Fons wed apne smal (PS) ple into adenine trvingve mde fenton Thi approach i appa thse be mena hat a he ited in an Wend plyoomil Some moe des sour numer eon over the intra (0 =) anced in Appetit .314 Basie Functions The choice of she bat or expatconfancins i of prime mporance in the mated of moment soles, Ir dermis the eb, eBeeny, nd “veges often Bt nce ible fr he ana of i> ‘Sepamenne can bedi in 0 rupe: teenie amu a aetin, nt the scosin bis fron. The ere drm bento (EB). ‘he name gg a defied oe he patch dmerions They muy have ‘lg sng to ewer epee the tee dost a te melas "The comple sof coke domain ea fenton fr vegula ape ome such reg dk, clr ingens an ia ‘Sco se sline! Hom he sgenintion ofthe gromeny The magic wl evi eigetuncion arse mon ourble ap Ine i Chapt 2 ‘Theuc oft dain bis functions improves th efiieney othe ation Iroc ect aly ew of the facia te scene to procs the nal cuentdabson Thi publ ony when she patch pomery = loaded whe eft alan by the nd nee. Te ene domain i anton for a etngulr patch shown a Bare 32 ar gen ne For the ited caren Int) (ie sai} Byro wai) aso srt eed at Jabs) soles wa) sn Figue 3.4 ilar the havin of eer psf a facto fe 4 ecunpalr uch The bs fnetions ar (LO), Oy ad 2) a he {eared cen and ape (3) forthe y-det ane [21 The en dams tn fancos no mode an aia cent. Aisittion Sunol bas rss, the oer had can be wed 0 Such sitatons The losin or uatcoal be fnew ver nly oto of he pach metinion ser elle cil There, utr of us Tanto se ose to cove he etice pth matic. For Soo aos of he ate aba 1 bacon per maveegs teal oon gi ets Hower, hee anions prove te Deby (pesca abi cent inion om path or aes dion (ivan abiuaty shaped puch amenaa Fe ample the unto let athe fri ich onion [2] andthe posi fl ofthe cron eea lb ee Ay of Mey Are ™ Fayre 34 Sone se dana san ip pe re ce fonem ons espa ph Te bs owe we 80,20 wd 1 fete edad caret ano peed caren om 2 te ely mae [2 ning sarin bai Factions. The mst popular ‘ublmsn ba stint pus a enti, piecewise sins as Fenton PWS), nd pba neon Ths bs ncn pa Wintec and ae chanted by nform debut ng the diecion ‘enmane fo the cent “The corer densoy fr subdomain baie fncion ceneed at brn gab can be expel a Joa) = Illy? oa) Lee caret to be mide eral ea ee cae i unm slong hey dein at 1 tely-pleye ' porefir ez ooPt Aap of Mois Anre sik, be fo=nel bya nin eft felon ew for pe pale bis Fneons [ee Figure 3.5) and Lense, free SeSen sh 64) ieee for okt or piece ier PWL} pulse bss fnctonseFige 350) wd ine bem — bint) fog be S25 ate) + Hiatice b= sinth) Fars SS he ° chevbere 864) See pci sna (PWS) ple ai fncsons (Figure 350) Here 1 dnd ym det lng slong «ad ydeesons, tpn Tige 3.6 tows the ing impedes of pre fed rca pc, ‘The ef of ete dma sod sobamain be fncins ot the apes impedence del AL shown in the Spr, the two chic ald appro ste the sve ool near the rant quency. However the difeence incre one goer away fom ronan. Te ring cent darbton Sey wallet the cram plr pater. Thur, on or mo entre domain bai Frcs maybe wel near ronan brie pre #9 tse sbdomin thst tnt when studying x sing pach aan say ny fom ron (rwhen the coplrbehavior ined Input impedan of en apemare coupled micsip antenna he been serine sng heel domainspproch cay model nd anion lgemadl [3]. Thorens recone pins merement. Theepecra sain pou has been found wo be more care Maing an eluted gucs in deploying the bas Factions eps co reduce he cmpuarin ene For example in a ecg patch the een ‘ieabron nthe dcaon vane tothe rena diston expected tebesloly yng Therefore, he nae of ns nein inches lin can be edce without gant penal, engin age sng Jn computation tine Figure 3.7 1] show hom te input inedene of ‘estnglr puch conver when the mumber af roa ap a nein a ce) Ppt Je ba cn a Fire 35 SadoMist nn ei adook Fl tae Anes of Mi Ar ™ iy ete 3by Scale yes an © 8 Pe Pegi she caienediston vail a suena the fist resonance Nowe thar the ronan oqeney change By only 03% when ang thre bass mora oppose to ming seen, Hower te ine iipeinee changes ‘ppesinatc 0% Th rough ey ofthe ante rena eoesy {dado pate ca be pred guy tow cs The al ana (25 den be pred wing onl bss anton 15 Mathematica Mode! of Excitation anaes mics antennas odie the peace ‘nua welasthe vag seco] which ees theaenna ection Taput impedance ue depend on te mole se fr the exci prslce © umber af cctaine technic esrb, inding probe xian coplanar on fd, promi coupling the mon ie dena he pc and pera coupling the mcr ine. aap tl deans f tee ctaon mechs te doce a Cape Mahone snodeling of xan i eerbed netw Nise rns ern anoat _ Fb te Ape Mii fs Probe Feed . “The exciton Sd ar ry tna nic ways xp i 4 ow aes such ay exciasion by + plane ay or with + sor snag gap genet “Theirs the acon Ble rat slr compute om ven dab on of cen and eps [25]. When & micas aeons ced y= Cont pte gies rset jncion a he postion of tachment of poke fd pcs Moding onl robe dinar two ape» model Fe the probe cent td anther model forthe uncon ec. The sept toll for probe carmen i vet fren of unit care sing ame pine onthe puch mettation ht = 286 Apr model Fee the probe pres a age Fl cent 2 the shored comil sprue. The end vend of tht model can be dered inthe fem of probe eacanc. ‘An scart czreion fr the pabe rane pen in Stton 29. Tesco to accra model he cent duran near ake puch junction bec fe te ip impedance and ene pol per, "Roary of rious modprobe patches given in (22) Anau ‘oll of probe excitation ra for ror ting bar bern devon in (26) Halland Moog [27] hve ro illwve moment metod bared on mle ‘enguer bs Fancsom onthe poke bons bass Rnstons op the pc = TEM apne fll cree at che oucl sperre, and simple Fchnenemadestthe probe uch tachment pont Al angle anenon ‘stu athe bc fhe ol ed model the nomero cue oving Won cor fom the oui pro Snr mods have ben Soop by ates aT] i (om 29 “ v : ewe 38 shows he atin pa the TM mi of probe é le i {gar pc mca Somsinrepfncns e o i sed ih pach ce ner The soe po pen eas ; ‘Sees ise peng fom he Col poe eto he pa j ‘ewe coin pr The eco he pb postion ne om i { $ z Its co ot En son! ® fla tem i ao shown in gure 38. Compaion 0 igre 3.) snd {B shows ache copalar lee emis uae byte potion fhe fo However, the co pol el incescs he eed moved om he mile : h ofthe patch with y= 20 rm 07 = 1668 mi ‘ \ Micros Edge Feed \ For the ming of mics ine fed shown in igre 3.9), ea a esis exit The simp oe nels the icroncp mein the aac fd ser» vera lament cue Uke that ins pobe tte de of the “a ue prc tha nj, ~ 281) This aproch sown in Figure 3910) do ot Fnclde he eer of nep.inimpeance doy tthe iron ne atch junction. A beer sppanh cle afin of the misty Fra 24 Fan 8 Oi) Pre fed a=Sed ine in tana a intadace 3 es caren generate a he fit where the fie ha Been net ee Figure 3910) (25). The [en soc an be moe by 2 al ooapfancon with unk cent The inparipslance nse mdi dtd ie the a of og nd fed cent the pine fection, Tov ious post the caceton dsb in cme finden ‘TEM wane anthesis wate spol a he Sup in npn daconmay Th een cic isdn’ fom {hac wean eas oh np impels Ths pponch ees pec smoke isos msi and exp) eps the eng wns on thes inn edn, Proms cop and pear coup pach stom cans be dbl intr of tengo the fel Apenne coupling ie died ne Aparture-Cople Micros Feed Mica antennas with pete ould mist fad have been ana tig the peta aia appro, The geomery of hi men is shown Faw Mao mie cone mee Rs fe tee et an sven ws aps ae ‘ones ee inl gate apy pea telecon on 8 apes hme ln Ami of Se Amon i in Figur 3.10-The cues rine nd hein eqton pon eee oma he fallwae smal of he ype of enna, Acorig ‘Sk equadece incl te coupling aperrem the ound plane ch cpl by a cue mage cre sig on se one ond plac ho fo Figure 31000) A 3 rk of sing the apes the Tle can te formed cpu inte feed eon eon ad the ren ep) Sous im fina the ee ur caes Jf rete Ee ine nd eure agesiccte fy= Myon te per Shancrn sagen bac te decent yom de pc nd he Sfuienr spe cree Myon cheaper The ele prc {tts Uo seca rt op gin le ‘einer eben) 8 Re wi mss osbythe sacs at atin sing the spctraldomain Gre’ anton. The boundary condos se Ep) © EM) <0. on condaing pth 3.650 Ap + El Me) = 0 onthe fed ine oss) Hp) + Hate HAI— + Hath) on te pecare (3.650 These bonny condo a enfrlyeleing he xing cons sod wing te momen meio hsp domain fe sng pa Selon wel fr he how ene Man Jp "The desea te pach and ape ce inthe pete sued i ror of oon ba cone The caret oe ‘con fed ina pal aroma ecg mode fm ‘Se cooplng peor sl doin con ae pe nT tna o line hal bended ves mcg A ole eso as oon one edn own igue 3.1 Ose debra nn [2,903 The dilowngpesies Sef fh nd fl) canbe we 2) Fi) = costs) form cee aidh, (3.660 fie) = sntkes) fore eee 86a inthe thy— a «my hy EEN ND tee mire (660) aa iT Tiguan A eee eon rain se ad whos bat (sel nd ei cane Ful Rae Ai of Miri Arr 1 here = Bary ite wave number in the fed microns in andy ie gin of he pervise snail bats fein Tang wares rele hough so) ad eos) Feo, (3.65) nd (3) repetnel itis nary tote shomain be nso fr modeling the pach cure this cae esse, at here in 23) he cave ery mach lure sloth apenuerepjon nthe pach Thi de oe posmiy ‘ls of she apres This coer ribo cinnor be made by ease ‘lint ants se, ad shown in Fue 312 123). 2116 Ayplications of he SpectaLDomain Technique to Miresip Aetenae “The nga equation slo ia he pera domain hasbeen se aye “ro cop antnne configrsans. These vas fps ach Sn Tem am, © 8 EE. apis wh puma