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Metallic Bonding

Metallic bond is the force of attraction that exists between positive metallic
ions and the sea of delocalised electrons.
In metallic lattice atoms are tightly packed in an orderly and rigid
arrangement.They are so close to each other that their valence shells
almost overlap each other.As a result the atoms lose their valence
electrons and convert to positively charged ions(cations).These valence
electrons no longer remain attached to any metal atom and are said to be
delocalised electrons.They move freely between the cations like a cloud of
negative charge.Hence this lattice structure is described as a lattice of
positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.Their exists a
strong force of attraction between positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons.This force of attraction is known as metallic bonding.
Note; delocalised electrons are also named as mobile electrons or free
electrons.
Electrical Conductivity
Metals are good conductors of electricity because of the mobility of valence
electrons within the metallic lattice.
When a metal is connected in an electrical circuit ,the mobile electrons start
moving from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of the electrical
circuit because of the electron repulsion.

Malleability and ductility


Metals are described as malleable(can be beaten into sheets) and
ductile(can be pulled out into wires).This is because of the ability of atoms
to roll over each into new positions without breaking the metallic bond.
Pure metals are significantly more malleable and ductile than impure
metals and alloys

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