ceo) CG) leurtne & gyrimidine— used roof Dube df i — Nadleic petaine Dims KONI fate pesing a eerdng o hemlet by Bray rmactie _Hydootyal 1 = { Niele RLS ® Eo sania £ tb Asked > eT mi aa © ® Q | @® | O_ if @ . @ | feretox Ispecd-e¥.cF (® fp Reratert deel — {— at et i aPage No Date Nucleic net. | Bosiiceuniy Bien rowide up monomeric units Known! ble Nucleatider- phiS-phe fer us dupes + Bape. Nucleic Acids one dolourtes’ Chesere phous, __| toes as These ane _ ebtecined| byasoiyts ote Nucleoprolepus wih i Toles at: Loxugue— poole Nudlefic Aids ache _S0peverhed form _| Qu_eots by __tledohen toy —_diper log He cous Guith — tifube “Hef — ts ing the vit ethan ina A ud _Aepercthed_ A tip Constched af culmmott pure __Viieleoute. Mmoteriald{ Date ¥ | a yj Th Nusleux nuladat Lene met Moke ConVenit Algetting Pub coos geht ndiad gantsic Jubee | Inateed. of uit, tet became "tle Farmar laid wok Afooat the puralowe Sp | Mieke ameidened This f | : < cmd. Custeed Jt Colt nucleus LL =P The Piapertion df ‘nuclein sence => ict pokerted ruch Mergers cuclidte. ol i dituke culutt g gut Pian: In Pl Aidt, Vater ound yuri ieveut =b | The nuclelny wb fetid ap _ “Nucleic Adel” by Adimetr) utho ako | idericed a poo Cadwice “fox the eprxution enti inj Sauer diss, So On these (Nusletng)) [Weve aobreined — Sfsiern “be wa cleus y Nudeus 3 (Nuctes => Nucleryet i J Taga ; The nuclefe Aeidd are fecal divided wko Fue nediny oe to He. bach Oty Suge 2 ar the. pu setae’ Ve fieseere wing “Rikate_C ia) adamant ele ele Aefde a DNR) Ladeiey sibel. oe. (CHO): CHLOH =e Ribose (lowe ty, CHEATS CHOH => Bo eos bate RNA ose rousivy _ = => DNA ts a. doubbe hole ut hiLbe Rv yo Lingte hettoc Both howe, dak ote nuclespielen ae cmtce DNA Js a matecule that _-contedins the Iustruretiong am _argemlbmn - pew neeold ‘to develop , tive cmd Keprwolucedl anatnabnsth PION om RNA ane Polymers _Cernpeted Ob: monomers Curtreal_ huteleobides , sDPian Anh nucleotides Cosists Oy ct ffve —c suse ir J Unked to one Ob “owelele Ucid — bersed | Guanine (&) , Cytogne Cc) Adenine Ch), Urmein Cu) => dune 3- Guenine (e) Cytogine Cc) | Thyniine CT), adenine A) abe |thymine fo more skabte then Urerelt thet fy ey =o dh mare debe RNA, peuske ¢ujur + Ni Bogenowds bude + : phosphate ctl cu v Y N woleotde : ——S S53 agpeal Nucleosides + Pentes a (pea _ ~ | L age Hides ve “ort fo } Biomelesd Phosphate Nitreqemese b =? pomtore Sugar “tN asa bupe ¢ ole. “ Nucten steed " __Sibase Ho—- oO. 4H aw Co Hie Os RL OF cs peutede duyar, ett OH . * De-oxyat iM Wo ON copy sitoese. ‘ bean Hie % oH rt [rhaghake [Be A_media =P flesphonie seid) Ze UPH2 Phoephonie Acid 9 Ta \Leespherte Acid + 4 dkt! @ _Becawe of H-bonding, EF Creed 4» CMD S Chelny putty (spidax sike ). ¢ Hip.Page No { [Daze J Ny, SI it aolo. i 3 Tih + err. Bete pain os poe fi {A eh i \S =? Sate Same Between, Gave | Poly nucleat ial ed, V (a= guecotive ima grove +: JQ Susresive me, = i eee y [onth pick. \J = ira poo =) ONE pich = 3.4 nm. =dbilona pp more stebee thoun RAEN become In fnp =3 thymine Oni Triyrine _Js__ mate sie stable ihe Sey A AH Thyyrrce 4 = U RNG > Unaeld . a2 dae Guunine ~~ Addition to wuctele add, Aolenine Occurs —fauneneos ote conttte ced im teat exch Comver tian md 9 4, “me a Pi is Cox okypweine) by raewms ob WitS0Us op i Cond Ainodtly pee dae vewriows Sentheri s i g U Trawbe Ciqoe). CN aQtsONa + a> |al = J pile oe NH- CHO Nqaant q > f I y Zan NT R6h'c oe H [tet a Adewine Fisches_Cla4#). Oar e ee ON + | aa SaaS eH Seas oe . Peahahi Wichietsqaine a | te 5 J (seduceon) | Rao SaEro eS Todd C2w3) NH Né SH tf EGE CH NG Sau phony) czomelon mise Founaridine . re, pele Cel Ay = Romeg } loo’ » Pressure, Bere ty tet oe, tte hte They eo ae Ty Ao at Neel | U ee Sneo in cedditton to wtoleic ~ Add, Sd _ocous ound faa Cosuteed a fish doe. Js fino _gumeneotd 64 _dodttte ae Woy _eburcichated the fect thoet 045 gemnerco a Hesomble with puxue, Yas @nversion to Xanthine by meund ak nrbouy cid ot baobsfre “usth as hy droohtoxic tet clnd finawy Jourch oud Sy uithonts tye (@)__||Freohere C1894), Raed ay K nv OH oy we RE ROH N, Lng . foot’ te =] cl wt S HH a ee ea er Tk 4 OP — alTocube i~ C}q00). NH, GH.O, Gt Ohl = Sabet as HM —=C NHy Ne poveldide oH HONO A eooNe —HeooHt NHy Te =N- =s uy ie oH H j reir S feconine. 4 aN Bae i Pysindi dined 2 Component of Nereblie Niyolede Acid I> Urercld > Cutosine c, Lona) He. Uv Pysimidines oxe the Compounds — floviiny “the We Pewee heseuntyclc Nuclews ot pyc ne puimidine “ip purely or Syenthette and Cun be hte vod bay” the “fllouting Yuo —tpi.0 tess —= tN@ \ Gabaiel. C1aae) NHe ei [ | pg ey | CO CHy > ett ¥, ou | + a Na in Motori kid fs il fl See ye Poth, ee Zn dat Le WJ i_! ae qe 5 a a = Berbitustic Add : SF L IN B®) | aohittaker: Cys). a sereh Pn, 4 Y Hy oe Cl NN} fa~C Ne fe ne Xb Boht ano peti bidines ean 5 ditperet Pygseinnlines 5 _Namety thane, aytesine pea = yietinc, ater| Achydrony methylase ve _beem ? arom “thie. Nucteic rid _hydaolyotes ent. “We ffs thee ane rng Theit_jia eve __elucitarted dy their spake.Page Nea, {Date (a) \Unereke, : CX ue Ahedrany pyrimidine ) © [fischer G Roeder —Cigte) NH ; soit te 7 : et Af * Cu Zo weer elhylaonplate inde ce He 1, == pa Belkin H, COOH 1 oyAlcline \ gs ZY i os Z yooh — (b) [Wheeler eddie Ctgo) NH HG oC0 m3 : 4 Moc 2 Sedi ptownny| V9 heePage No ee ©. - my 7 HN | oak | Fe 2 4a W s © Nevidcon C926) COOH I aH 1 i Co + H,0 F le aa H, 50 : 7 = Te CHO ! wo mutic Add ; ae a eas eae | s et 7 oZ_N T sl @HOH ‘Va__ ® ¥ Thymine & (s-methylwreeclt ee Fr i Que Athyloony 5 Meth ee ne O _Psthir & Roeder Nv [ere 3 6 it | cH Heal, eee) iba my cH, oF TN ee TT GO| wheeler amd Uddle Ciqos) = E NHa GHoco L | + f 7 eR = at a b NH, éNcottt Tne b ° S E ol. @oH, if ; OH k ho “s =H _-CH pee = = 3 # He NImel) | Bergmann Ciq3a) 2 Hooc NU, oO fe AGO ct. CU [ Fh x ON =O] 0. 3 a ce + CH, Fa- Fe f iin Wed CN o= LE : q os on rine gd Cytosine 3 (4~awimo =a hydrore pysimidime ): Wheeler nd Johnson Ciz03) =" Nu oO } | ai =H a] Ho © —~ nt v nyo 7 f= NO v S = ethy| Yoo hi owrect wy) Nt, ny ne HBS iS GH-OH inl. gus a NAS ZH oe Oo” _ GH | INH, “Opes SE ao 4 wlPage No. A = YY Teriso » 1454 cH (OgHS) a. CH + Ne OF Hel = CH(OG He), 180 — Melon di ala eh Quret eck CN NH QYs 5% CH NFR a T o —IINooH Cy tg ONC l | ipa a aa : Qs A Brethorey- - ° acnplonttatce _efa) (pate J (Base party “Via Ho bonding Distunce _ between AC ofthe. deosersshose _ mm aiotivs or A-t cmdl_ Of GeC" ane the dume about tt nm _in euch cube Thin duisung axdueurgvrngak meant thet the clowbie” here? could he Segue fn ___dlicammeber_, _Qn__‘rmpossibiititry oF pwoned pulsed wshth — pwdines ase wth, pytimidine pale ust oyzimai dine, Tt contadbutes to the thesumo dymermic a ots cite ett peel ticity rar ie und AP when _dtands come together ‘im the double hetix ister “molecule cute. displaced faa __the _buaed this root ond“ Incvewses entropy , thereby the _clouble heli. [stecking _‘Intexwetio) alto Conb2huter te adlecbiatty 6h DNA dowbie _herfor. W- bonding js _aulso_iwnp,__ghake the Apediti city of Bude Pudi,Ne 4y “the double heliat an. Of DNA fs Sian hended =b IA Gmiequente’ ce the etit —_ Notune, Or INA fs tds periodicity DP Eoch Bore paix — alspleced Grom tthe pseviows ome by @haut “ge, =P The _helfool periodicity 4g Gpemenedly uk 49 base pains per twin of the@ @Page No] Date | LJ! cun_ not be 4 ok 6 bocaure — podition 6 there is free gasup Gnd consequently thee Gq SH? atom on Ni & 82, com not be ot 6 oO of 4. on treatment odth Bary Pouower | by phony) hydrazine five following ompd, hy am be ob termed ol fete. F Gnked at 3 ad position (axe free,» This the ts attached at position (a) pydrenidine base. thin hus boon Confirmed by Synthetis _amel ose by os a6 analaeis Of Gtidine Guenesine. on daeadment of wth HNO five Xanthesine Y Hemce Tt he free Qriino %oup at % , the dnl @n net be of © Or of 4s Neighbour ny. Na. 3) | Adenosine and Guunerme Oe hydyolyeed by lute stds ond by some enzyme, | Therefore the dinkuye whi be ee Seme place 7 both oh ‘them extoma .{nue ji = 4 \ Ln Gun nak be ot esition —-F Cents ottnen')Snde aide —ealat Trvane C-c bond quike st whive etueeli mucleesides ore Seardily hydrolysed by Ainute Qcids. o> Linkege an be at F Mm F festbiern equeutly since they axe tautomeric . 6) lGuenosine "RS Xanthesine “nmethyleken 7) Hydrolysis e—F Theo ph gin CT, 3= Limetiy! xeenthine’), a> the foumation of 1, 3- tim-ethy! xanthine, heveots that the porition Lds-ane Qree in Juanagine and hemee the > must be cattereled at poritions For 9. H) [OV spectrum Ob Guenesine BD stmivun te R- methy guenime and differ from 4 Pr pmethy) quamine antirms the LENG ok partion —7 —ushieh Ja = b Se 4 Confirmed 4 cynitheaisPage Mo, Date Ademodne _!- ———F 40H ©. (CHOH), CH,OH = ———~ NH, osePage xo. Date es Notwee Of: es 9Eng_ 1 Nucteosiolé nd type nkuge 2 M, rs t ; cH CHO 5), 54, { 4 —c —oH feo 1 | °. H—=e — oF Ho CTO | Hoe Hat IC oH, OF oH OCG ar cHOH 7] Coody, He 2 ) | page eae Oa = o \ H— C— OCHs H —C—OCHg ! | q—¢ COOH OH 4 $O-OH Dimethy - U frego terepente _ a A-etd .f Date A =p \The formation a aimethy! meroteardcree asid ndicrtes the _ prerence furunaose der. Th the. sivy hou been Pyrunase , them the final ——___ | Product Would hove been -ametho: Wutarie add. => Sireiercsy 5 deoxysibonuctessided huve ald Ahown +0 be of fuxunese fom, =p] the Contiguxction of the -twreenosice Kinkuge hus been Shown ta be B- on tthe badis 6 — fetiowing — fuer. — EET coop:SY Spuctone Nucleatdo be =) Notusce ‘Sy Puss Seeman moa A) “TiyPep ofc Eng | Pou mn Pyeunore ’ Pure nose ja Types Of Ganges Be BY ethylation is Fouswed Gy Hydralyei's Ni . ih aH wy ol}. methylotien Hg o i $y At ata Hepdyol wars.) {\k HN oH -OH. och, OCH ene ae 1 added rs Pure theacg- Subose : ee \atdadovn Kees = oe cote mic. to src> | —P\( oom “obove Seuclian qoemedun ob- Dimethory fwekode nd jndiote thet tthe Sugare molewle hud Fwranabe Form. « He 1 woud awe heen Pytunode form) we must get gluse Aed derivative. gxcdnic ted deavutive — furwnehe Glutoxic Add gerivilive — pytunote D | ye or einkuge Coe BO) Ogyrhads te “guys de : > @) »-Say erudy J Of fanbuk (1180) © formation of iatdehyde from the Syrbevir “of” Giyeosided » Te NaYa a= : races pare — al Z| FP fimidine bus | ee a ott Th nl hel a A D Kydrvobysts ° ¥ oH ; e oe et : es cai GHG NH NH oo 7 pheny| Hy death 5 BapMo Tacs PRONE pce Aeaved Ve > acti a im Za ANH NH Caen for Supa catchment J Useecto__ from Greackton oki ne —> Prom __obove ackey nel! Hek sdbese moleoule wk be oteched at fasition @ in OH. can) oo Aig Pep Gnvert we tat tautomede so sr kien 4 and ¢ > Naot be atfeched ok C1+ [constitution Of Nuctentiden| tv!" ’ J @) \ Attachment of Sugar wath gyri buse: NAR oH 2m NORTH OA BG I VV Siy Hydrouyats Ll oO Ll = a Leh NEN [ Bidamce For Sugar cotteuchn =e Isom above esuction | uyerelt foam Minne ind tevefod thot Subore _molecute Ton not _be attached at —_ paditian G a NH gapup cmvert into oH. =P [Poston 1 & 6 ane fautemerte so fF Qn not se attachel al G. A Se AyPage No. Date | J | rose - molecule Cun nel ottrched at position 4 &@ 5 due te hsominatéon ab above Laer" This Gan be albo _pranted. cshen we. gel chenpl hydrazine derivative en , dhetuohion phNH NH The Oni poss biehty Yor the attachment Sibese sot Ns. The C4 of dugeue only Jained with_Na, ok fyeimidine bube . Fr mult be’ Congiw by the Jouning — evidences O Synthesis Off vaicine & _ wtidine @ x= day anunis of cytidine by ferbure C1as) 7 D NMR petra of dug rielecule Pyeimidine bure —> Vulue Of Spin pin Gupsing Py : Qnitenit J 2 2 to. 3 cps. Puxme buse > Vedue of Spin Spi Coupee Onstent T= Sto F eps. UV Spector Sp study oH _ Nuclearicler kaw kes uctooselen wene studied @ Golland in: 19aé, incSonkos that a meterue fs attached at Ne L\ pysimi dine ~ bus ro .Page No aoning] j Date CB Yottechment of Sagat abrh purine base, A. Tae ss woe NN A. aN pez. I] no nl ~ {SN | on nm WD © A ine Cruanesine here R= Super > |The Linkage of Suge mealeute in adenosine “and Gudnadine fe Same => In Adenosine _, the Free -vH, | epup ok 6th _ posigin Gin be ' ‘nto —or faop. Thus, 8uget Can rel be attached " of pesttion ¥ and 6 = lm Gueneiine , The ~ at posifcimn - (Qu be __GmaVerted into “OH gap 4 thus, SuguX Mateeuwle dses pol ‘atterehed ox pesltion 2 aud “3. becaune posltiomy | gre tetomeric. ics clin ila i mini aol as =P Now, the passiblitty. of attuchment a Sugar ents t, rd & 4.- [As pure _giyeosides ane euifyy haved. by ol. Hel outs U Very Stable» tLence Sugar sacule =oPage No. As es | arn roti b ao € attuched at politinn “FT & 8. 3 Iq _Qchiol practice “the ii esd us a al € pent? € to petition 9 Cg) udhioh fg obo Supported by. foususing— eaidances. | Evidances get Auger. cette ok PRU — 9. = Synthesic of telenasine _& Quanedine NAR gpectia a pine Sigeosicks . _ UV spectra _ Study of Gatland (1936) Altre indicates that Jr A J - gpeoti des 90, the otttichment of Suga“ hetidue in pweime buses fe at pation — 9Page No. As es | arn roti b ao € attuched at politinn “FT & 8. 3 Iq _Qchiol practice “the ii esd us a al € pent? € to petition 9 Cg) udhioh fg obo Supported by. foususing— eaidances. | Evidances get Auger. cette ok PRU — 9. = Synthesic of telenasine _& Quanedine NAR gpectia a pine Sigeosicks . _ UV spectra _ Study of Gatland (1936) Altre indicates that Jr A J - gpeoti des 90, the otttichment of Suga“ hetidue in pweime buses fe at pation — 9reo] ll. =[ TT 7 Sy Nature Of ougut restolue _s- oo iid 0) Typo dang J aw Pusu nase Fwtanase @ | type 04, Tinkeipe (o_o _f) OC) | Type of Sing In the Fotoumy Seaton) . ° lop @ Methylation is foueweal op Fydrotysi£ H 4 i t = Mbbetebsides Tetnethory Shove aie | = H 00C way 4 ——— CL Y Dimethary. Suse HereSucinic _Aef. I‘Nucelesiiates =H PO, Kolenyite Arf —> fdénatine + Hs PO, nae ee ucnydie Acid Guonedine +H. Thymic Acid Thymidine + Hs Pd, iY held > vtaine + Hy PO, Vid li Add —> ptt dine st HPO, B |lNuctestiele on Cure fus Hudaolyars gives hib mono phos phate. cleo = se, the’ hoof motec woth Supure mmoletule = oe Mono phosphade en _redlectoon) ust in presence of pt gives phigh @Ho eee ay | ; H-e-oH | 13 PO, Hl-c-oy \ * ; I HA C-OH Hyohrolys'e a Hit ©- 6H r | U ¢ / i H= C—— “gy Hi ¢— OH i I _ ROH i DOH a \ QRibese ) '‘Pope No <> Date ) | Hoc a: | Waar CHA H—<¢ —OH rad H—c — OH ! = | = PotoH), | telpe HK — ¢-OPO(OH), 1. Ha CaO } c | Sho eH, OK hese mono phosphafe Phogphosibttol. => _| outer Gnd _Gtn fsolated wo fomec ndenyltc _teids, out SF thy two , = coed ident nett a) photphate & gd gp hod phase . => Bork the feomerfc _. sorte ynthesized i) 1962 _but St. wey — impossible T40 find out ihich _ysus 09h one. Divorce, the _uniolentfffed _Adlenytic AcPd mut be at! phespheke 118 constitution Ses olde Supported by Solubisity, ackdi feoten , chsovp tfoy) “Spectiecr and IR gpeottect. => || Pum the above Conclusion the attechmenkt hy phosphate in Ribose _nucleetide fe gl 3! as well Os 5! poster) aaa 1 synthesis _ofe polenetine _9'— phosphate wwe] (Todd - 1954) nN Bipheny/ - te ° Ho wie zi + phetphochlovide ar — 0 Adenafine | acu e f O= pm l OCH, rete “5, 0 ~ Ty Hedrelysis H ; yo ¢ Y= : ! at a 3 a i 7 oF 4 Adenegme g!- phetphate 4 > The Hydretyte fe Qunrted out tn achdie ! -medsum we wilt ont mix. _ Of Redonesine a ‘phosphate Qo welt as adenosine 3!- = =F Beone of Phophe' migraiton between positton al & ol s does ot exchoss.% Page No.| 2 = ® \(cynthests Of fdenosine a! phosphate (Todd - 195u) PB 0 a) Hye, Hela) 5 et + C=O: HO : = a nom 7} i Ht s a H oH S++ 0. Oo ae SS Hf oH C aa PhengT - C8) f phon? Bie Oe NCS OMexide P Tae iy Reduction aco [| fH * ' O OCeP - ‘it H Jor pe 0 & (er, 0 G8.) - ‘ nos4 = — Adenosine — 5° phodphocte __ a y+ 4 7 _ on ons VQNA Depiication 3 DNA Repiioution 2- Ir is paorest in uShich Dn Makes A. capy cvick _prepeled 2- 3 Tp Gnsenative — methecl ry OG ID ITT je ilJ ef, \(Drepersive method %- = fortentos SNA leu SNA ote Semi — Gnsexvetive mefhod?-enn Tyres of ONE Rep fication —— wttthe Sebpeck to the cell. ar in ee 5 a pre Kengatic col es cul QN A ~ fnew DNA | = ! odol ae i curt =e z Cs OT 7 hs sheep, A ees D2 MRLLZ KY C I | 7\ | Z Dp | ‘ Yom | : va we oe Sera -tonsen yetive method j => [ew elson & tah) (iqse) =proved that DNA Replication is oh sem? Comsenvetive Tyee. 4 used heavy feotope ag Wi ay CNetumuy” qitregen te NY | iied GT FONE penelas {ez | Ly. Serene \ WZ DX. Wo ty A vw 0 sy | anna nN a i) YT a C) Z\ Yy \ Keo Sea [Sox fc panentar Oa and Soy. fs |New DNA] Pi At wery Genevation the penerrel DNA becomes 50% }oo % —> Foy —> 25% —> 125% 7 6...- leh Bae ON Replfartion Ol Retivetion de mi the Nuclesttder .. Phos phorrytete : AL fecp Phabphomyloxe AAT. cicttVe ss Fnactinea (pate J @ Lb nal atc oxein, a ooigin Replication pct psp CUT Sn. Nt. Fo ba i Poa it fe done at the oitn fe. Seopitaskinr . (Exzyme —_endlomuclease). 0. — B eure 7) } CU > Nick CUt~. 7ae Lrunzipring of DNR. fe at hee DNF oo |Hone by Breaking au the” howd. Asset G=c LelS Eragon are ene y x Xone K fe} > a S] Z # ae inter celeing Of ONF. The unusinded DNn Stands meat colt Use of SSBp. => To prevent WH euch =| sap — stage stedmded __ binding Profein.ate et Dn cee Topoomeruhe G2 en fe used, QNA Primer. => ANP poimex ig comet Pe Synthes?, 4 OZyme “ONE psimase.” => | the only problem al binds __on Hs aan a Xml) [ow] I ) OY Syorthesis of Neo ON Strand. Pye fe done by the herp of DNR _ polymerese enzymes. => DNA Polyenereibe cun Add Nucletides’ only. yg nay val neat an a etoends. =p BNA polymere attrucl§ . ott the _cicttveted Nutteetides uit — Sespeot to templates conoL ew Onn _ fs Synthesi 20. ¢2D DNA Uguse Lagging Sura’. Dy f= ere Qn helicase ——— = 4 | DNR eying Steunds GE ding Liseontinwous Stared. Stood QV COKAZAKE Frog ment )a Page No. [pete | J Hetfousee 23 unzip the. Dir heuty wl = Baeuking H-bonds. bet? the | g Base peste. 4 2 epen the dlawbie hex of Bhs INP Polymmentise ON pelymenuse Cen na Gnfede New ¢tewnd gormetion, 2 metches amd adds __ new Nuclestidles t0__-fanm Beenie. | | QNe _chrends. i pramase = To form RNir patmen_, “ quide SNA StocmdS’ Further. NRE House '- Jainins —tnpether of OkEZEKT. Feug ments on Topoitomenuse o- _ Relieves ‘the Cut generuted by nusinding ok NA ieo P+ Transcription 2 DNR —> To make RNA. Comdnat Forma.» U~ Qn 3 aa O-= RN: —— _protel Lt Touunscrip tio) Tourslation : CNudleus) Coptepl owen) > || Contras Seema A place ushere Tremsceiptes & Trunclation Takon place sk | Tounsesiptieg &- Qne Onur clependent m “RNA RNP Polprae rede. f =? lpnocas of syn™ _éfr oy “RAL pom 'QNP by the. hetp of IN deperdent v RAP polymere onbyme. =p Reguty ments bo ls promoter ‘structused < 3. ot. 4, Enffateen facto 5, Terminator factor. 6, RN Polymerse —onmyme(aera) {Date | } A \ promatec ¢- A Sepuon ‘he Sale oz ce 3 she @nfiden “leap dite far | fob probit of ne Also —culted _upatneaea 6 Toumington :- —lsmnlt Scquemce of One _ushieh Provieley [finding Site for " tormingten factor. ! iN “pnodenl ot 3' ond. geome _tn ‘he trunscaibedl. i j brunet Pon e 2 Gene sin Prokuys0Tic coll 1b | -pelyetetrante Structural _Feme in ___ Bukesryotte cok is manocietwntc. [ston = uit tf function. | Lattetion factor: = qd Tounseriptien the infat _ Sfevetorr Ls Aigma ho a Teun nater Guctore s The foto Term ing. Th 20 CObS Feeley ea ENP pow. 2 — Wed Jr wua> of X- RNA- RNA pole ee yg RN Keaift “poly. OF y ny) RNPage No| # \(Eukuyrotic cen +- = of -ada! formed hus exons & intra’. —|Sutrone fs net functbonol = Therefor _Sntxans ane _Sxemoved _ in fnocessing of prematured _m Ava “Transcetption hep three _oteps:- é @ | Cafietion (_£tongedion | p S.G. ely Tos JL RNR poly. ar 5 et Fae P S.& at le re a eels —— I | te a wet used ) : (e wmdin ne Stemd) Te Ee Jomaplade Strand 2 = [But proces can't Stood ae Infia tivo fuck Sigma Car) S..ee Se P - — Ye ost she precers | t - . < | 3) ® = ra St New RNAS | ‘ie OQ f | yal £ J 2 fe ey 1 3) — — Pp i — E 2 7 st Premecured wm -RNA- I lec Pp. ie i er mo RNG1 Les " Splicing Coup plang Tatting. ora re Qxons Stone, | splicing : Gn bons) “he “pnocers of Siemovul of irrbrons by cutting is autted, spitcmg U ‘ F exon fs Funct torre. intron is non funeteonal, 5 Cupping | I Moree 2 methyl Quemodine. Totphosphet tg needed af 5 ont oh m-RNE 1(aa oy Ss 3! Creep fa stag pow A tum Chit) folen aie Pee coleiectgee (200 500 Ie idle gt emal Of mo RNPL j ) al | Sopp pct ! rascbretted ynectyrred tn Bh Thi = RNB leus | amd Go eee Cyts plus me Jr “Tremslation: zx Ribeko wn. in place ot SE There usiee bo UU) | DNFPage No Date _Peuns lation 2 ae cult he aliapeh ah rani sonia iv b tated pluses in uytepiasia an Thaw ne! Se of let se see ete Dead or detaded. SEE TE Ammo Adds are foined to form poupeptide chun 6% paste \3- Nitrogemeo ong. ui 2 ‘ vad i i binds Adt| Amino ¢ : : th Oe protein . Requiimn ends for —“Trumslastion +- NA Ty ino Meh non etic types ob ANA, mani, tRNA, Ribeloms dy pn, fucton.. Sout es _of¢ energy — ATp (holenssime iplathot), GTR(pute } __\oteps: I lAcHvetin Of Au Amino Acfold. &. |Foumation. of polypen.ti I, [Activation OF Amino Acial8 : _ =| Enzymes : Aran _ ey) tRNA synthe: to thd 100 binding. sites. ane Site Ayine _ frefds. anothen ite For + Rivfr. _ =| Eo (ype sy eS 2 Lae EAN we 4 __ =F iiwere, iA colon te base in aed = hve, RE te es Se? clei a them, g, e. d tte!(oae] (Z) Tutiation D) Clery TT 7d Tas f Ses Nace Luxeon ub unit 306 U 5 _) > gmedten Stunt - Es ett wre xP =. Peprialyy dite f= frding fog sfte. me RNA icLvocnes Krale a Guiglh oe subunit. ¥ [Loxgen subunit 1s “prove _a othe fox" tRvi fox binding =P) the Vew fast tRNA binds on the Ip- ctte 7 caweugs. =p Next au "ws bind to Pe, | trom A-Ste dy moved to _pdite Them to __ E-Site ; f on _stwet color Cad coluseid AUG = a) — s \ = To cht wt| (Date J CE). -Blonection te => | B10’ fon Js done by peptide tinKecsre, =| At tRAIA CS core culled Amine AcfalS and code noordin codone cmd. | @nt Goolone. owe _puired. = |then cu amino acids asia binds fo gether cund. Fino protein is £9, “garhasized. 4 i ide Lines fs bond between Sila 4 ‘0. sn ccisiy Lamino'\ Acdiol. lecut polypeptide abel u psotein \ etnies Bic no 2 pad eka B72) i A CE a fy A if ! She. m_amine cult on P-Site oe the tRAI Then 1t_given Crhein Améno fc to _A-site 's +RNh anc beth the amine ocldh ome —— j -Page No. A pat] J => peptidy, Teunsferare t useak Buch +RNB Crnpten brings a specttic = Qmino Acid. oat of polypeptide. ‘Chey ust p—_o% _peptidy) Teaniteruse ery ms Emphy 1-RNE exis the — aibalome LAtL toni: are dues Amino Add on a__AStte then \ trom. A-Slte: po _p-site. amd ‘then _Jrom p-ite to E-site’ 6 They gard, Atle camino celts ane gente“ to Nect. tRNA. ee arreerve— tet ot ae pe ee p. dite During Elongation _> Ribosome _movey Oy m-AN fh m-RNK % reed one aden ot a fime From _Ctaxt fo steP codon (s’—» 3), AyPage Ha, | sill setusssciie CHD) Texannation lust -3 aden, we Srp codon gt »mon- Sense. codlon.’ \ ‘ fe + VAG @ UGA. P| There tine bases corned 2 as i i wb So « eiiemplys, 1- both «. Ribosomes : Fy ee ERNE eh As & 3°. mRNA de prottin. chain”, =P Teach Bhotome makes Came polypepii ale | Cheein many dental polypeptide chains a \t eficienty of psotein Synthesis Increased,( \ a Bee} is [ at 7 Wa. 5 it Lt Pea = I Ube = pheny| flunine frly = dating AD CA = Uru. — Tyrosine UA uhh, UGA => Stop coding =Y En Zyrned a med Ore. frrokel ws that act bietogt cod cutetiet . ‘se biochemicul newntior vstthout Undergsing any permanent hounge 40 themsevyes ” “There one Thowsunds —_of- pgttiet Onepmen in the living which ahouss great ie thei _cietion. To_clifferentiate them a the Nami : ng is cmapercteat . =t'| modes of 2 Nomenclature of Enzyme aa Pome the basis of swhsteecte yghich they. eet: en the heals of ind ope = _Gnbixing both vdsdteale “wind , Ackion.| Einzyraed Ct _ be nex ° the oi fo : on Neh they 7 at Tha % done by adeling Subp 2 oe? *—the ume af Cc Substrete_ Sucrate — catalyses tye velys?¢ Ob Suervaie lipase — Covtelioges Hydroiy ate of Lipids. => Enzymes Cari be. emiele awed to they. cotabuse . Suffioc - cise Fe to the Kind : Of Sewction ale cutalis @ elydae pemeise i eh di Biouata GRemoval oH) Hyaloo jue _3- Hyd ripaie Of cwbstraute = CBareeckinng honals Wiing — yauterd, = Th fe lbo pulled systematic nary 2 Prrepased b: Sen ternertto nec Union. ¢ broohennidtouy Enzyme name Gan be tmade of two Sone pet _ indicating + Substecite_ and second. | poaxd indicating cectifon The Second put mds tn 7 tae’. ~—~lluetate “deh hydro muse 2 conver fuck abe ~ Fructoxe. oe daly nor hudnolytte. en Of ctio eund _oll ote Covertennt- fecal Ok Severte Seoltions thot is additiog of functional Pix Cicqoss a double bonols. x do \ Synthese ryauale —TieureRe deeeryiare peaP ody co, + aN K~ 5 x 107 En_ Extreme Cues _ fncreese fn the en) | Sate Cotulal be cud th Os jo Hmes. NA -A - >\(the Emaymn ed aphtevye These high Arched by attering ‘the Theumodyna mics Sh Seuction In Such a way thas The