SECTION 6 PA-34-220, SENECA V WEIGHT AND BALANCE ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Paragraph Page No. No. 61 General 63. Aisplane Weighing Procedure 65 Weight and Balance Data and Record... 6.7 General Loading Recommendations cea 69 Weight and Balance Determination for Flight. 6-10 Equipment List (Form 240 0258) ENCLOSED WITH ‘THIS HANDROOK ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REPORT: VB-1649 6iSECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-34-220T, SENECA V ‘THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 ouSECTION 6 PA-34-220T, SENECA V WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6:1 GENERAL Jn order to achieve the performance and flying characteristics which are designed into the airplane, it must be flown with the weight and center of gravity (C.G.) position the approved operating range (envelope). Although the airplane offers flexibility of loading it cannot be flown with the maximum number of adult passengers, full fuel tanks and maximum baggage. With the flexibility comes responsibility. The pilot must ensure that the sirplane is loaded within the loading envelope before a takeoff. Misloading carries consequences for any aircraft. An overloaded airplane ‘will not take off, climb or cruise as well as a properly loaded one. The heavier the airplane is loaded, the less climb performance it will have. Center of gravity is a determining factor in fight characteristics. Ifthe C.G. is too far forward in any airplane, it may be difficult to rotate for takeoff ‘or landing. If the C.G. is too far af, the airplane may rotate prematurely on takeoff or tend to pitch up during climb. Longitudinal stability will be reduced. ‘This can lead to inadvertent stalls ard even spins; and spin recovery becomes ore difficult asthe center of gravity moves aft of the approved limit. ‘A properly loaded airplane, however, will perform as intended. Before the airplane js licensed, it is weighed, and a basic empty weight and C.G, lecation is computed (basic empty weight consists ofthe standard empty weight of the airplane plus the optional equipment). Using the basic empty weight and C.G. location, the pilot can easily determine the weight and C.G. position for the loaded airplane by computing the total weight and moment and then etermining whether they are within the approved envelope. ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REPORT: VB-1649 G1SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-34-220T, SENECA V 6.1 GENERAL (Cont) ‘The basic empty weight and C.G. location ere recorded in the Weight / and Balance Data Form (Figure 6-5) and the Weight and Balance Record Figure 6-7). The current values should always be used. Whenever new equipment is added or any modification work is done, the mechanic responsible for the work is required to compute a new basic empty weight and C.G, position and to write these in the Aircraft Log Book and the Weight and Balance Record. The owner shculd make sure that itis done. A weight and balance calculation is necessary in determining how much fuel or baggage can be boarded so as to keep the C.G. within allowable limits. ‘Check calculations prior to adding fuel to ensure against improper loading. ‘The following pages are forms used in weighing an airplane in production and in computing basic empty weight, C.G. position, and useful load. Note that the useful load includes usable fuel, baggage, cargo and passengers. Following ‘his isthe method for computing takeoff weight and C.G. 63 AIRPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDURES At the time of licensing, The New Piper Aireraft, Inc. provides each airplane with the basic empty weight and center of gravity location. This data is supplied by Figure 6-5. ‘The removal or addition of equipment or airplane modifications can affect the basic empty weight and center of gravity. The following is a weighis procedure to determine this basic empty weight and center of gravity location: (@) Preparation (2) Be certain that all items checked in the airplane equipment list ‘are installed in the proper location in the airplane. @) Remove excessive dirt, grease, moisture, foreign items such as xags and tools from the aiplane before weighing. REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 62SECTION6 PA-34-220T, SENECA V_ WEIGHT AND BALANCE. (@) Defuel airplane. Then open all fuel drains until all remaining fuel is drained. Operate each engine until all undrainable fuel is used and engine stops. Then add the unusable fuel (6.0 gallons total, 3.0 gallons each wing). (4) Fill with ol to full capacity. (5) Place pilot and copilot seats in fourth (4th) notch, aft of forward position. Put flaps in tle fully retracted position and all control surfaces in the neutral position. Tow bar should be in the proper location and all entrance and baggage doors closed. (©) Weigh the airplane insiie a closed building to prevent errors in scale readings due to win. (b) Leveling (1) With aitplane on scales, block main gear oleo pistons in the fully extended position. Q) Level airplane (refer to Figure 6-3) deflating nose wheel tire, to center bubble on level (©) Weighing Airplane Basic Empty Weight (0) With the airplane level end the brakes released, record the weight shown on each scale. Deduct the tar, if any, from each reading. ( Scale Net Scale Position and Symbol Reading | Tare | Weight Nose Wheel @ Right Main Wheel ® Left Main Wheet w Basic Empry Weight, as Weighed | (7) f WEIGHING FORM Figure 6-1 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REPORT: VB-1649 63SECTION 6 ‘WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-34-220T, SENECA V 63 AIRPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDURES (Cont) (@) Basic Empty Weight Conter of Gravity rc (1) The following geometry applies to the PA-34-220T airplane when \ itis level. Refer to Leveling paragraph 6.3 (b). sane Level Points 78 4* (Fuselage Left Side Below Window) = i} O» Reb As ¢ ca \ ‘The datum is 78.4 inches ahead of the wing leading edge at the inboard edge of the inboard fuel tank. DATUM 153 B= 1098 LEVELING DIAGRAM Figure 63 @) The basic empty weight center of gravity (as weighed including ‘optional equipment, full oil and unusable fuel) can be determined by the following formula: CG. Am =N(A)+(R+1)(B) inches T Where: T=N+R+L REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997SECTION 6 PA-34-220T, SENECA V WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.5 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DaTA AND RECORD ‘The Basic Empty Weight, Center of Gravity Location and Useful Load. Iisted in Figure 6-5 are forthe airplane as licensed at the factory. These figures apply only to the specific airplane serial number and registration number shown, ‘The basic empty weight of the axplane as licensed at the factory has been centered in the Weight and Balance Rezord (Figure 6-7). This form is provided to present the current status of the airplane basic empty weight and a complete history of previous modifications. Any change to the permanently installed equipment or modification which affects weight or moment must be entered in the Weight and Balance Record. ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REPORT: VB-1649 6SSECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALAN PA-34-220T, SENECA V ‘MODEL PA-34-2207, SENECA V ‘Aisplane Serial Number 3449306 Registration Number N3091Y Date 05/21/04 AIRPLANE BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT CG Ann ‘Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment Item bs) | ofDamm) | (in-Lbs) Actual | 33759] 89,2545 | 3013144 Standard Empty Weight* Computed Optional Equipment 99.6 | 64.3434 6408.6 Rasic Frmpty Weight Bs | ARsuns | 307730 * The standard empty weight includes full oil capacity and 6.0 gallons of ‘unnsable fuel AIRPLANE USEFUL LOAD - NORMAL CATEGORY OPERATION (Ramp Weight** - (Basic Empty Weight) = Useful Load 4430 Ibs) (3478S bs) = 9545 bs. THIS BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT, C.G AND USEFUL LOAD ARE FOR THE AIRPLANE AS LICENSED AT THE FACTORY. REFER ‘TO THE APPROPRIATE AIRCRAFT RECORD WHEN ALTERATIONS. HAVE BEEN MADE ‘** Includes fuel allowances for start-up, taxi and run-up (23 Ibs.) ( WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA FORM Figure 6-5 REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 6-6SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-34-220T, SENECA V sure pasuoay sy ronziso coor | cap | cov | co | cm |e 2 wouow | aa | mano | uy | om | BE nop Bom napa aden oof ae ak ‘ayomsy Jo wonduosoq | 2 7 A aduet 319) = e oiseg SuroUNy BLEED BIO, ae TaqUIRN +804 | “ATODEN ANN GORERATTCY ‘DoGrrE UUM THES | Loce-e-Va WEIGHT AND BALANCE RECORD Figure 6-7 REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 67SECTION 6 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 Figure 6-7 (eon) WEIGHT AND BALANCE RECORD (cont) : 3 Pee a cov | cap | cow cy | cm | ep ra B) | woman | aa | oto fom | on | EET womompons |B | ag 5 ong Ai | ¢ 2) sory romondusced | 2 g| | tain aaa ainion | ES 3 B) | ava funny ls Ey saquiny 38g] IMT TOHATITT TaqaMN RS | MeN REPORT: VB-1649 6-8SECTION6 ‘PA-34-220T, SENECA V WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6:7 GENERAL LOADING RECOMMENDATIONS ‘The following general loading recommendation is intended only as a guide. The charts, graphs, and inszuctions should be checked to assure the airplane is within the allowable weight vs. center of gravity envelope. STANDARD 5 SEAT AND CONSOLE CONFIGURATION: (®) Pitot Only Load rear baggage compartment to capacity first. Without aft baggage, fuel load may be limited by forward envelope for some ‘combinations of optional equipment. (®) 2 Occupants - Pilot and Passenger in Front Load rear baggage compartment to capacity first. Without aft baggage, fuel load may be limited by forward envelope for some ‘combinations of optional ecuipment. (©) 3 Occupants -2in front, | in middle Load rear baggage compartment to capacity first. Baggage in nose may be limited by forward envelope, Without aft baggage, fuel may be limited by forward envelope for some combinations of optional equip (@) 4 Occupants -2in front, } in middle, 1 in rear Investigation is required to determine optimum location for baggage. (©) 4 Occupants -2in front, 2 in rear Investigation is required to determine optimum location for baggage. 5 Occupants ~2.in front, 1 in middle, 2 in rear ‘With 5 occupants the aft passengers, weight, fuel and baggage may be limited by envelope, Investigation is required to determine optimum location for baggage. Note placard if installed. OPTIONAL SIX SEAT CONFIGURATION: (8) 4 Occupants -2in front, 2in midale Load rear baggage compaitment to capacity first. Baggage in nose ray be limited by forward envelope. Without aft baggage, fuel load may be limited by forwacd envelope for some combinations of optional equipment. () 5 Occupants - 2 in front, 2 in middle, | in rear Investigation is required to determine optimum location for baggage. ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REPORT: VB-1649 69SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-34-220T, SENECA V. 6.7 GENERAL LOADING RECOMMENDATIONS (Cont) @ o ‘5 Oceupants - 1 in front, 2 in middle, 2in rear Load forward baggage compartment to capacity first. Aft baggage and/or fuel load may be limited by aft envelope. 6 Occupants - 2 in front, 2 in middle, 2 in rear With six occupants, the aft passengers weight, fuel and baggage may be limited by envelope. Investigation is required to determine ‘optimum location for baggage. Note placard if installed. For all airplane configurations, itis the responsibility of the pilot in command to make sure that the airplane always remains within the allowable ‘weight vs. center of gravity envelope whilein fight. 69 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DETERMINATION FOR FLIGHT @ © © @ © ‘Add the weight of all items to be loaded to the basic empty weight. Use the Loading Graph (Figure 6-13) to determine the moment of all items to be carried in the airplane. ¢ ‘Add the moment of all items to bs Ioaded to the basic empty weight “— moment. Divide the total moment by the total weight to determine the C.G. location, By using the figures of item (a) and item (4) (above), locate a point on the C.G. range and weight graph (Figure 6-15). If the point falls within the C.G, envelope, the loading meets the weight and balance requirements. NOTES Actual fuel allowance for start-up, taxi and run- up (23 Ibs. max.) should be determined based on local operating condition. Moment due to gear retraction does not significantly affect C.G. location. ( REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 610SECTION 6 PA-34.2207, SENECA V WEIGHT AND BALANCE Tama ‘Weitt Daten) Momeat os) Ait) rt) Tasca Wo EG CESS For and Fron Passoasr Ea) ca EO assngors (Contr Sei) Ta cance) Fassngars Rear Sea 0 iie_|_ ssa | Tague ard) OO Nae) x mse Beamer (a GSU NaN) Tay Ze Ton Weigh 3 2 | aT | FalqazGa Many wo we | ae Fan Weigh (HD Las Na) 0 [ae | re allovance for Sa, Tt = we) 2s nimp Takeo Wee GAOT Es Ma) ar 3a | ae | ‘The car of gst (CG) he spe oating probe 9. ines afte tum lin. Lact hs pot ©33) onthe CG. range and weigh wap, Since hs pin as within te ‘ig CG eaaoe is ada meso wel ol Bl epremens “koi Weigh GAOT Dba Mn) war ms __| ae | nus Estited Fel Bamoff” 90 Be [ 2a Taning Wei (407 L. Naxd 2657 2 | sere | Locate te entero gravity forthe landing ton the C6. range and weight graph. Ith int falls within he weight C.G. envelope, the oading may be assumed scope for landing. UF 18 THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PILOT AND ATRCRAFT OWNER TO ENSURE. ‘THAT THE AIRPLANE IS LOADED PROPERLY. SAMPLE LOADING PROBLEM Figure 6-9 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REVISED: MAY 31, 2002 REPORT: VB-1649 GLSECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA.34-220T, SENECA V TT oo Weigh: Datum oman, abs) laches) aLbsy 7 Basie Empty Weight oc and Fron Pstemaer oy Passengers (Cente Seasy T19 (Aft Facing) Fasengers Rear Seas) 18 Baggsge (Forward) (100 Lbs. sx) 3 Baggiee (AR) G5 Lbs Min) Tar ‘ero Fasl Weight ‘eel 122 Gal Maxy 335 | Ramp Weight 6450 Lbs. Mx) Fel Allowance for Stn, Txt 2 336 a | Taoir Weight 07 Loe Max) “The center of gravity (C.G) forte takeoff weigt of the actual lading problem i at Inches aft ofthe datum line. Locate this point (___.) oa the C.G. range and weight graph f this poi falls within the weight - C.G. envelope. his loaling meets the weighe and balance sequtement, “Takeoff Weight @407 Lbs Max) ‘Minas Extmaied Fool Burnott 336 Landing Weight (407 bs, Max) Locate the center of gravity forthe landing weigh on the C.G. range and weigh graph, If ‘his point falls within the weight C.G. envelope, th Loading ray be situmed acceptable for ianaing IV IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PILOT AND AIRCRAFT OWNER TO ENSURE ‘THAT THE AIRPLANE IS LOADED PROPERLY. WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOADING FORM Figure 6-11 REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 G2 REVISED: APRIL 30, 2003SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE, TOAD POUNDS 88 8 8 € @ 8 € e B@ eB a [MOMENT/MOC0(POUNDS-NCHES) LOADING GRAPH Figure 6.13 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 REVISED: FEBRUARY 25, 2002 oe «em me mw we wm we Tl REPORT: VB-1649 613SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE ‘PA-34.220T, SENECA V MAX. 7.0. WEIGHT _ 88 90 a2 Lad 4407 TAX. LANDING WT, oe = HH AHHH AMT me AIL men 82 84 86 BB 90 92 54 C.G. ENVELOPE €. G. LOCATION (INCHES AFT DATUM) ‘Moment change due to retracting Landing Gear =-32 in. - Ibs. CG. RANGE AND WEIGHT Figure 6-15, REPORT: VB-1649 ISSUED: JANUARY 23, 1997 14