‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬

‫دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮏ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزاد‬

‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪1‬‬

 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎر و ﯾﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﺎروﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫•‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش در ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي‬ ‫•‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش در ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ) زﻟﺰﻟﻪ(‬ ‫•‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ آزادي‬ ‫•‬
‫روش ﻃﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ در زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪3‬‬

 ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي اﯾﺪه آل ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
u(t )
k
m p(t )
P(t ) = p0 sin(w t )
c
Mass F ( t ), u( t )

Damping
Stiffness
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزاد ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣرﮐت ﺑﺎ ﻣﯾراﯾﯽ‬
‫) ‪mu!!(t ) + cu! (t ) + ku (t ) = p0 sin(w t‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣرﮐت ﺑدون ﻣﯾراﯾﯽ‬

‫) ‪mu!!(t ) + ku (t ) = p0 sin(w t‬‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪5‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺮﮐﺖ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬

Equation of Motion: mu!!( t ) + k u( t ) = p0 sin(w t )

w 2p
= Frequency of the forcing function w=
T
T = 0.25 Seconds
po=100 kips
150
100
Force, Kips

50
0
-50
-100
-150
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time, Seconds
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺮﮐﺖ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬

Equation of Motion: mu!!( t ) + k u( t ) = p0 sin(w t )

Initial Conditions: u0 u!0 t = 0
Particular Solution: u p (t ) = C sin(w t )
:‫راﺑطﮫ ﻓوق را در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ ﻗرار ﻣﯾدھﯾم‬

- mw C sin w t + kC sin w t = P0 sin w t

2

p0 1 P0 1
C= u p (t ) = sin(w t )
k 1 - (w / w ) 2
k 1 - (w / w ) 2
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺮﮐﺖ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬

Equation of Motion: mu !!( t ) + k u( t ) = p0 sin(w t )

Initial Conditions: u0 u!0 t = 0
C sin(w t )
Particular Solution: u( t ) =
Complimentary Solution: uc (t ) = A sin(wt ) + B cos(wt )
Solution:

u (t ) = u p (t ) + uc (t )

P0 1
u (t ) = A sin(wt ) + B cos(wt ) + sin(w t )
k 1 - (w / w ) 2
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺮﮐﺖ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺑرای ﺑدﺳت آوردن ﭘﺎراﻣﺗر ھﺎی ﻣﺟﮭول‪ ،‬ﺟواب‬

‫در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ ﺣرﮐت ﺑﺎ ﺷراﯾط اوﻟﯾﮫ ﮔذاﺷﺗﮫ ﻣﯽ ﺷود‪:‬‬
‫‪Equation of Motion:‬‬ ‫) ‪mu!!( t ) + k u( t ) = p0 sin(w t‬‬
‫‪Initial Conditions: u0‬‬ ‫‪u!0 t = 0‬‬
‫) ‪p0 (w / w‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪A=0‬‬ ‫=‪B‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫) ‪1 - (w / w‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪p0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬

‫= ) ‪u( t‬‬ ‫‪2 ç‬‬
‫÷) ‪sin(w t ) - sin(wt‬‬
‫‪k 1 - (w / w ) è‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫ﺟﻮاب ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺑﺪون ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬
‫در ﺑﺎر ﻫﺎﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
w LOADING FREQUENCY
Define b=
w Structure’s NATURAL FREQUENCY

Transient Response
Dynamic Magnifier (at STRUCTURE Frequency)

p0 1
2 (
u( t ) = sin(w t ) - b sin(wt ))
k 1- b
Steady State
Static Displacement
Response
(At LOADING Frequency)
 Response Ratio: Steady State to Static
(Signs Retained)
12.00

8.00 In Phase
Magnification Factor 1/(1- b 2)

4.00 Resonance
0.00

-4.00
180 Degrees Out of Phase
-8.00

-12.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Frequency Ratio b
 Response Ratio: Steady State to Static
(Absolute Values)
12.00

Resonance
10.00
Magnification Factor 1/(1- b 2)

8.00

6.00

4.00
Slowly
Loaded
2.00 Rapidly
1.00 Loaded
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Frequency Ratio b
 Undamped Resonant Response Curve
80

40
2p uS
Displacement, in.

-40

Linear Envelope

-80
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time, seconds
 ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزاد ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

Equation of Motion:
mu!!(t ) + cu! (t ) + k u(t ) = p0 sin(w t )
2p
T= = 0.25 Seconds
w po=100 kips
150
100
Force, Kips

50
0
-50
-100
-150
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Time, Seconds
 Damped Harmonic Loading

!!(t ) + cu! (t ) +
Equation of Motion: mu k u(t ) = p0 sin(w t )
c
x= wD = w 1- x 2

2mw
Particular Solution: u p (t ) = C sin(w t ) + D cos(w t )
Complimentary Solution:
uc (t ) = e [A sin(w D t ) + B cos(w D t )]
-xwt

Solution:
u( t ) = e - xwt
[ A sin(w D t ) + B cos(w D t )]
+ C sin(w t ) + D cos(w t )
 Damped Harmonic Loading

Transient Response, Eventually Damps Out

Solution: u( t ) =e - xwt
[ A sin(w D t ) + B cos(w D t )]
+ C sin(w t ) + D cos(w t )
Steady State Response
po 1- b 2
C=
k (1 - b 2 ) 2 + (2xb ) 2
po - 2xb
D=
k (1 - b ) + (2xb )
2 2 2
 ‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬

!!(t ) + cu! (t ) +
Equation of Motion:mu k u(t ) = p0 sin(w t )
c k p
Divide by m: u!!(t ) + u! (t ) + u (t ) = sin(w t ) 0

m m m
c c k
but x = or = 2wx and =w 2

2mw m m
p
Therefore: u!!(t ) + 2xwu! (t ) + w u (t ) = sin(w t )
2 0

m
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ 17
 ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬
P0 é 1 ù
u (t ) = ê (1 - b 2 ) 2 + (2xb ) 2 ú
k ë û

[(1 - b 2
) sin w t - 2xb cos w t ]
u (t ) = r sin(w t - q )

P0 1
r=
k (1 - b ) + (2xb )
2 2 2

-1 é 2xb ù
q = tan ê 2ú 0 < q < 180
ë1 - b û
Damped Harmonic Loading (5% Damping)
BETA=1 (Resonance)
Beta=0.5
Beta=2.0
50
40
Displacement Amplitude, Inches

30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Time, Seconds
 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫• ﺿﺮﯾﺒﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ را در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‬
‫‪P0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫) ‪u (t ) = r sin(w t - q‬‬ ‫=‪r‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫) ‪(1 - b ) + (2xb‬‬
‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪RD‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪P0‬‬ ‫) ‪(1 - b ) + (2xb‬‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪20‬‬
 14.00
Resonance

12.00 0.0% Damping

5.0 % Damping
10.0% Damping
Dynamic Response Amplifier

10.00 25.0 % Damping

8.00
1
RD =
(1 - b ) + (2xb )
6.00 2 2 2

4.00
Slowly
Loaded
2.00 Rapidly
Loaded

0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Frequency Ratio, b
 ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪RD‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪P0‬‬ ‫‪(1 - b 2 ) 2 + (2xb ) 2‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪RD |b =1‬‬
‫‪2x‬‬
‫اﮔر از راﺑطﮫ ﻣﺷﺗق ﮔرﻓﺗﮫ ﺷده و ﺑﺎ ﻓرض ﻣﺳﺎوی ﺻﻔر ﺑودن ﺣل ﺷود‪:‬‬
‫‪1 w‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪b Peak = 1 - 2x‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪RD max‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2x 1 - x‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2x w D‬‬
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪22‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪1‬‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪23‬‬

 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫‪P = 4000 sin 0.5t‬‬
‫‪m = 200kg‬‬ ‫‪k = 4000 N / cm‬‬

‫‪x =0‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟت اول‪:‬‬

‫‪x = 0.05‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟت دوم‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪27‬‬
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪29‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪2‬‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﯿﺮو در ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﻗﺎب زﯾﺮ‬

‫‪M‬‬ ‫) ‪F (t ),u (t‬‬ ‫‪m = 20Ton‬‬

‫‪k = 400ton / cm‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪x = 0.05‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪X!! g= 2 sin(0.5t + q ) cm‬‬
‫‪sec 2‬‬

‫‪X!! g‬‬

‫ﮐﻼس ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫‪31‬‬