Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of
Agriculture Agricultural Prices
National
Agricultural
1998 Summary
Statistics
Service
July 1999
Pr 1-3 (99)a
Agricultural Prices
1998 Summary
The 39th Annual Summary of Agricultural Prices contains prices farmers received
for commodities sold as well as prices paid for production input goods and
services. Prices are weighted and aggregated into price indexes. These indexes
provide measures of relative price changes for agricultural outputs and inputs.
The State, Regional, and U.S. average prices for agricultural commodities and
farm production inputs are based on voluntary reports from agri-business firms,
merchants, dealers, and farmers throughout the Nation. These data are collected
at regular intervals using mailed inquiries, telephone, and personal
enumeration. We greatly appreciate the cooperation and support of all the
individuals and firms that have provided data.
Estimates of prices received by farmers are published by state for crops (1997-
98), vegetables (1996-98), and livestock and poultry (1997-98). Estimates for
prices paid by farmers for feed, fuel, and fertilizer are published by region
for 1997. Prices paid for all other surveyed items are published for 1997 at
the U.S. level. U.S. price indexes for both prices received and paid including
any index revisions are published for 1991-98.
Preliminary crop prices for 1998 and fruit and vegetable prices for 1997 and
1998 are subject to revision. Prices received for livestock and poultry are
final estimates. Prices received and prices paid revisions are first published
in the monthly issues of "Agricultural Prices" and again in the Annual Summary.
* * * * * * *
July 1999
General Page B -
Preface ............................................................... 1-2
Indexes ............................................................... 3-22
Feed Price Ratios ..................................................... 23-24
Prices Paid Regions and States Included - 1998 ........................ 53-54
Grazing Fees: Data for Computation of Public Land - Grazing Fee Rates. 55-56
Report Specialists .................................................... 57
State Average Prices, Feeder Pigs ..................................... 33
Monthly Prices are based on all sales of the commodity during the entire month.
Exceptions are hay, eggs, and turkeys which are based on the 5-day period
centered on the 15th of the month. State commodity prices are estimated for
months when at least 0.5 percent of the annual sales occur. Weights for
computing monthly United States average prices are based on estimated marketings
during the month by State.
Marketing Year Average (MYA) Prices are weighted average prices for crops,
livestock, and poultry items sold during the marketing year. Commodity
marketing years are defined on pages A-13 and A-14. State marketing year
average prices are computed by weighting monthly prices by the estimated
percentage of monthly sales during the marketing year. State and U.S. monthly
and marketing year average prices for crops are open-market prices excluding
Government program payments or allowances for unredeemed loans and purchases by
the Government. Government payments to farmers are included in farm income
accounts as a separate cash receipt item. U.S. marketing year average prices
for corn, sorghum, oats, barley, wheat, rice, soybeans, flaxseed, sunflower, and
upland cotton are computed by weighting U.S. monthly prices by monthly
marketings for the U.S. marketing year. Other crops, livestock, and poultry
U.S. marketing year average prices are computed by weighting State marketing
year average prices by the estimated quantity sold in each State.
Preliminary Marketing Year Average Price estimates for 1998 are based on price
data through December 1998 for all field crops except tobacco which is based on
data through April 1999. Marketing years for fruit, vegetables, and nuts vary
by State and commodity. Allowances are made for the portion of the crop
expected to be marketed during the remainder of the marketing year for all
commodities except cotton.
Monthly and Marketing Year Average Crop Prices for 1997 are final except for
fruit. Crop prices for 1998 are subject to revision. These revisions will be
published first in the monthly issues of Agricultural Prices and then in the
"Annual Summary". Livestock, livestock products and poultry prices are final
estimates for 1997 and 1998. Prices for agricultural commodities may be revised
during the Agency's five-year review of production estimates. Price revisions
resulting from this review are usually small and generally are the result of
reweighting State prices to the U.S. level.
State MYA prices for noncitrus fruit sold for processing are the equivalent
returns producers receive for fruit delivered to the processing plant door. The
exceptions are California olives and clingstone peaches, which are prices at the
first delivery point, and cranberries, which is a weighted average of adjusted
co-op pool proceeds and independent sales at the first delivery point. U.S. MYA
prices for noncitrus processing fruits are derived by dividing the sum of
states' values by their sum of production. There are no monthly price series of
noncitrus processing fruits.
State and U.S. MYA prices for noncitrus crops at the "all sales" level (fresh
and processing) are derived by dividing total value by total production.
State monthly citrus prices are based on weighted average f.o.b. packed prices
received for fresh fruit, and weighted average prices received at the processing
plant door for processing fruit. Equivalent returns for fresh and processed
fruit are calculated at the packinghouse-door and on-tree levels by deducting
picking, hauling, sorting, grading, packing, cooling, marketing, and other costs
from the two base prices.
State MYA prices and equivalent returns for citrus are calculated from the
weighted average fresh and processed prices received each month in the crop's
marketing season. The crop year 1997-98 as shown on all citrus tables in this
publication refers to the crop which bloomed in 1997 and was marketed during the
1997-98 season. (See page A-18 for a description of the citrus marketing
seasons.)
Monthly and MYA citrus prices at the U.S. level are the average of the states'
prices weighted by their box movement and approximate net weight per box. The
box weights used are as follows: Grapefruit: Arizona and California Desert
Valleys - 64 lbs., other California areas - 67 lbs., Florida - 85 lbs. and Texas
- 80 lbs.; Lemons - 76 lbs; Limes - 88 lbs.; Oranges: Arizona and California -
75 lbs., Florida - 90 lbs., and Texas - 85 lbs.; Tangelos - 90 lbs.; Tangerines:
Arizona and California - 75 lbs., and Florida - 95 lbs.; Temples - 90 lbs.
State monthly fresh market vegetable prices are f.o.b. shipping point, f.o.b.
equivalents, or point of first sale prices. The state MYA prices for fresh
market vegetables are the weighted average of the monthly prices using estimated
monthly movements. U.S. monthly prices are the weighted average of state
prices. U.S. MYA prices are derived by dividing the sum of states' values of
production by their sum of production. (Prices for broccoli, carrots, cauli-
flower, celery, and onions may include some processing.)
Field Crops
Barley: June-May for CA; July-June for all other estimated States.
Corn for Grain: August-July for GA, LA, MS, and TX; September-August for IL,
IN, IA, KS, KY, MO, NC, and OH; October-September for all
other estimated States.
Hay: April-March for AZ; May-April for AR, CA, GA, KS, KY, MO, NV, NM, OK,
TX, and UT; June-May for all other estimated States.
Oats: May-April for TX; June-May for CA, July-June for all other estimated
States.
Rice: July-June for LA and TX; August-July for AR and MS; October-September
for CA.
Sorghum for Grain: June-May for TX; August-July for AR and OK; September-
August for IL, KS, MO, and SD; October-September for NE.
Wheat: May-April for AZ, CA, GA, OK, and TX; June-May for AR, IL, IN, KS, and
MO; July-June for all other estimated States.
Fruit
Apples (Fresh): June-May for most South Atlantic, Southeastern, and Central
States, plus CA; July-June for all other States except OR and
WA where most of the crop is marketed August-July.
Tangerines: October-May for AZ; November-June for CA; October-April for FL.
Vegetables
Asparagus: January-October for CA; May-July for MI; April-July for WA.
Sweet Corn: April-October for CA; January-July and October-December for FL;
June-October for all other monthly states.
Cattle: January-December.
Hogs: December-November.
Sheep: January-December.
Broilers: December-November.
Eggs: December-November.
Turkeys: January-December.
Honey: April-March.
Mohair: January-December.
Wool: January-December.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ 1998 revised.
2/ CT and MA Type 61 not published to avoid disclosure.
The 1910-14=100 base is required under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938,
as amended. The Index of Prices Paid by Farmers for Commodities and Services,
Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates on the 1910-14=100 base is called the
Parity Index. The Parity Index reflects relative price change but does not take
into account the technological advancements and increased productivity of
American agriculture. Federal regulations require that the National Agricul-
tural Statistics Service publish parity prices, the indexes, and relevant price
data monthly in “Agricultural Prices”.
Beginning 1995, the Prices Paid Survey of items purchased by farm establishments
is conducted annually in April. Surveys are conducted for feed, livestock
purchases, seed, fertilizer, ag chemicals, fuel, and farm machinery. The Bureau
of Labor Statistics, (BLS) indexes measure price changes and replace survey
activity for farm supplies and repairs, autos and trucks, building materials,
and marketing containers. The BLS indexes are used monthly to measure price
change when no survey data are collected. Before 1995, quarterly prices paid
surveys were conducted by NASS. About 135 selected items are priced to repre-
sent groups of similar items purchased which make up the major production
expenditures categories. The number of input items consumed on farms is so
extensive that it is not feasible to collect price data for all of the inputs.
Items on the questionnaire are described in the simplest way consistent with
definite identification. Firms are requested to report the prices for the item
most commonly sold which meets the general specification criteria. Reported
data are summarized to regional estimates and then weighted to U.S. prices.
Weights are based on available consumption or expenditure information. Average
prices including state and local taxes are used in computing the indexes and are
published in Agricultural Prices in the same month as the survey. Regional
prices are published for feed, fuel, and fertilizer. U.S. prices are published
for the remaining items surveyed.
Parity Ratio: The Parity Ratio is the ratio of the Prices Received Index,
1910-14=100, to the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers for Commodi-
ties and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates on a 1910-14=100 base. The
Parity Ratio is a measure of price relationships; not a measure of farm income,
of farmer's total purchasing power, or of farmer's welfare. The well-being of
the farm community depends upon a number of factors other than price relation-
ships such as changes in production efficiency and technology, quantities of
farm products sold, and supplementary income, including income from off-farm
jobs, and federal farm programs.
Ratio: The ratio of the Prices Received Index to the Prices Paid Index on the
1990-92 base provides an indication of the change that has occurred in
the prices farmers receive for their commodities relative to the change in the
cost of inputs using the average of 1990-92 as the reference period. When this
ratio is greater than 100 percent, it implies that farm commodity prices have
increased at a faster rate than farm input prices. When the ratio is less than
100 percent, farm input prices are increasing at a more rapid pace than farm
commodity prices.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 0-20-20 2/ : 3-10-30 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central : 190 198 184 198
Mountain :
North Central : 167 170 164 165
Northeast : 193 198 204 205
Northern Plains :
Northwest :
South Central : 180 195 196 187
Southeast : 161 176 174 184
Southwest :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 184 194 185 195 167 170 164 165
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 5-10-30 2/ : 5-20-20 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central : 179 196 185 190
Mountain :
North Central :
Northeast :
Northern Plains :
Northwest :
South Central :
Southeast : 170 181 174 177
Southwest :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 170 181 174 177 179 196 185 190
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 6-12-12 2/ : 6-24-24 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central : 159 167 159 156 220 221 206 217
Mountain :
North Central : 218 232 225 228
Northeast : 232 236 234 243
Northern Plains :
Northwest :
South Central :
Southeast :
Southwest :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 159 167 159 156 219 232 224 228
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 8-32-16 2/ : 9-23-30 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central :
Mountain :
North Central : 235 249 240 235 207 220 210 214
Northeast :
Northern Plains : 233 265 236 242
Northwest :
South Central :
Southeast :
Southwest :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 235 251 239 236 207 220 210 214
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 10-10-10 2/ : 10-20-10 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central : 151 148 148 145
Mountain :
North Central : 196 207 217 206
Northeast : 179 178 178 176 220 227 217 217
Northern Plains :
Northwest :
South Central : 195 212 203 192
Southeast : 177 180 179 179
Southwest :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 172 176 173 172 204 217 209 202
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
3/ Insufficient data.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 11-52-0 2/ : 13-13-13 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central : 200 207 195 201
Mountain : 272 305 286 278
North Central : 269 307 278 273 214 223 223 210
Northeast : 289 301 286 279
Northern Plains : 261 294 269 263
Northwest : 302 332 318 315
South Central : 193 194 188 183
Southeast :
Southwest : 320 349 342 334
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 278 310 289 283 200 205 196 197
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 16-4-8 2/ : 16-6-12 2/
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central :
Mountain :
North Central :
Northeast :
Northern Plains :
Northwest :
South Central : 186 184 177 170
Southeast : 226 231 230 236
Southwest :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 226 231 230 236 186 184 177 170
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Prices Paid: Fertilizer Blends, Regions and United States, April 1995-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 17-17-17 2/ : 18-46-0 (DAP)
Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------
: 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Ton
:
E South Central : 265 286 265 264
Mountain : 273 303 289 283
North Central : 262 297 277 266
Northeast : 284 297 283 271
Northern Plains : 258 283 257 253
Northwest : 320 357 304 308
South Central : 217 224 211 202 254 278 250 247
Southeast : 224 240 232 221 272 302 278 274
Southwest : 321 358 340 334
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 222 236 226 216 263 294 272 264
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Description of fertilizer regions on page B-54.
2/ Items left blank were not surveyed.
Fertilizer Regions 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AL MS **CT *NJ 2/ AR TX
KY TN *DE NY OK
LA **ME PA
*MD **RI
**MA **VT
**NH *WV
1998 Prices Paid Index for Beef Cattle Production (1964-68=100) 1/: 514
1/ The Index of Prices Paid by Farmers and Ranchers for Beef Cattle
Production input items is for the period of November 1997 through
October 1998. The components of this index include the production
indexes of Fuels & Energy, Farm & Motor Supplies, Building & Fencing
Materials, Interest, Farm Wage Rates, and Farm Services. These
components are weighted to the overall index value by their importance
in the cost of producing beef cattle, the weights are unchanged from
a year earlier.
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Estimates Division of the
National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information.
Crops Branch
Livestock Section
Dan Kerestes, Head (202) 720-4447
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the
basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or
family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET
Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building,
14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC, 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is
an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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---------------------------------
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----------------------------------
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