Lecture 4: HTML5

TABLE, LIST, BLOCKS, INLINE STYLE

 HTLM Table Element
A table consists of rows <tr>. Each row is divided into data cells <td> (td stands for table data)

A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, and other tables.
Table Example
<table>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>

</table>
Table Border Attribute
By default, the table will be displayed without borders.

If you want borders, specify the border attribute:

◦ <table border=“1”> … </table>
 Table Headers
<tr>
<th>header 1</th>
<th>header 2</th>
</tr>
Table Tags
<caption>: defines a table caption
<colgroup>: specifies a group of one or more columns
<col>: specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup>
element
<thead>: groups the header content in a table
<tbody>: groups the body content in a table
<tfoot>: groups the footer content in a table
HTML List
Ordered and unordered lists:

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each item starts with the <li> tag.
An ordered list starts with <ol>.
Example: <ol>
<ul> <li>Red</li>
<li>Red</li> <li>Yellow</li>
<li>Yellow</li>
</ol>
</ul> * <ol start="value" type="A"|"a"|"I"|"i"|"1">

* <ul type="CIRCLE"|"DISC"|"SQUARE">
Description List
A description list is a list of items with a description of each term/name

The <dl> tag defines a description list. <dl> is used together with <dt> (defines
items) and <dd> (describes each item)

Example:
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
</dl>
HTML List Tags
<ol>: defines an ordered list
<ul>: defines an unordered list
<li>: defines a list item
<dl>: defines a description list
<dt>: defines an item in a description list
<dd>: defines a description of an item in a description list
HTML Block Element
HTML elements are defined as block level element or as inline element.

Block level Elements start with a new line.

◦ E.g., <p>, <table>, <div>

Inline elements are displayed without a new line.

◦ E.g., <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>
<div> Element
<div> element is a block level element used as a container for grouping other
elements.

Since <div> is a block level element, the browser will display a line break before
and after it.
<span> element
<span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.

<span> element usually is used to set style to parts of the text.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Inline styles

Internal /Embedded CSS

External CSS
CSS History
HTML stated to add formatting to its tags list (such as <font>, <b>, <i> <strong>,
etc) . This caused some problems?

The W3C created CSS and added it to HTML 4.0 with the intent of deprecating all
HTML format tags.
Presentation of HTML
HTML markup can be used to indicate both semantics of a document and its presentation (such
as style and format)

HTML never designed for formatting. It defines the semantics of a HTML document.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) provides a mechanism for presentation.

CSS Core Syntax
Selector: rule defining which element to style
Property: a specific CSS keyword which applies formatting to the selector
Value: a specific value for the property
Multiple property|value pairs declared inside {}, separated by ‘;’

A rule set consists of two parts: selector string followed by declaration block.
CSS Core Syntax
Selectors
Type Selector: the selector string is simply the name of an element type.
◦ <a>, <p>, <ul>, etc.

* selector: it is the universal selector which represents every possible element type.
◦ * { font-weight: bold}. This specifies a value of bold for the font-weight property of every element in a
document.
ID Selectors
ID Selector: every element in a HTML has an ID attribute. An element must
have an unique ID. If a selector is precede by a (#), then it represents an ID
value. The ID value is case sensitive.

#p1, #p3 { background-color: red }

In HTML, <p id=“p1”>

I like FSU!
</p>
CLASS Selectors
CLASS Selector: almost every element has a class attribute. It preceded by a
period (.) The class value is case sensitive.

#p4, .takeNote{ font-style:italic }

In HTML, <p class=“takeNote”>

I like FSU!
</p>
More on Class Selectors
ID and CLASS selectors can be prefixed by an element type name.

Span.special{ background-color: red}

In HTML, <span>I like FSU!</span>

<span class=“special”>I like FSU!</span>

Descendant Selectors
ul span { color : yellow }. This indicates that the text within a
<span> element that is part of the content of an unordered list
<ul> should be yellow.

Class selector can be included in the ancestor list.

◦ .special span

Question: what does this mean?

ul ol li { color : yellow }
Internal CSS
<head>
<style type=“text/css”>
body { background-color : red; }
p { color: yellow }
.
.
.
</style>
Next Class
More about CSS
◦ Style Rule Cascading and Inheritance

Text properties
Font families
Line Boxes
CSS Box Model