‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫‪-2‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪F1‬‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺮ ‪ ،1‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ‬
‫‪F0‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﺸﻬﺮ‬

‫‪zohorifaralireza@gmail.com‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪-2‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺷـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 200‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ‪.‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋ�ﻪ ﺷ�ﺪﻩ ﺍﺳ�ﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻜﻮﻳﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸـﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ،‬ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬

‫‪-1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﺸﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻘﻪ ﺍﻫﻮﺍ ﺯ‬
‫‪-2‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﺸﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ – ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ . .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ‪،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺟﺰﺋـﻲ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻮﺷـﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺕ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺣﺒـﺎﺏ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺍﻟﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪،‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺮﺩ )ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﻍ )ﮔﺮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺷـﺶ ﻣـﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﺳـﺮﺩ ﺭﺥ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺣﺒـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ )‪ : (T<T e , A‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ )ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ (A‬ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ‪ONB‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ (T e,A <T e <T e,C ) :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﻱ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ) ‪: (T e,C <T e <T e,D‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ T e‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

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‫‪ (4‬ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ‪: (T e >T e,D ) :‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ D‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﻴﺪﻧﻔﺮﺍﺳﺖ )‪ (lidenfrost‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻛـﺎﻣﻼ ﺑـﺎ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪150‬‬

‫‪140‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪130‬‬

‫‪120‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪D′‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Surface heat flux, W/cm2‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪CH‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬

‫‪80‬‬

‫‪70‬‬

‫‪60‬‬

‫‪50‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪ON‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫‪Heater surface temperature, °C‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ - 1‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

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‫‪ -2.‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﮔﺎﺭﻧﻔﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﻮﭘـﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﻮﭘﻞ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟـﻮﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻴﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۱‬ﻭ )‪ (2‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -2‬ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3‬ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﻮﭘﻞ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪. .‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻮﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 4‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪-2‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪ 3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫"‬
‫) 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑇 ‪𝑞 = ℎ(𝑇𝑊 −‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪Tw‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ‪Tsat‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘـﺎژ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺗﻮﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 0‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 240‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﻮﭘﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻭﻟﺘـﺎژ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ )‪ ، (3‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪-2‬ﭘﺮﻭﺭﭘـﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ‪ 26‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺍﺗـﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 200‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ )‪(5) ، (4‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪-2‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪12000‬‬

‫‪10000‬‬ ‫‪α-exp‬‬
‫‪Pallen & Small‬‬
‫‪8000‬‬ ‫‪Stephan‬‬
‫‪Alpha/w.m-2.k -1‬‬

‫‪Thome‬‬
‫‪6000‬‬
‫‪Thome&Shakir‬‬
‫‪Stephan&Korner‬‬
‫‪4000‬‬
‫‪Schlunder‬‬

‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪Fujita&Tsutsui‬‬
‫‪Calus&Rise‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪Vinyakhnan&Balakvishnan‬‬
‫‪5000‬‬ ‫‪50000‬‬ ‫‪100000 150000 200000‬‬
‫‪Heat flux/w.m-2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -4‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ‪ -2‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫‪12000‬‬

‫‪10000‬‬ ‫‪α-exp‬‬
‫‪Pallen & Small‬‬
‫‪Alpha/w.m-2.k -1‬‬

‫‪8000‬‬ ‫‪Stephan‬‬
‫‪Thome‬‬
‫‪6000‬‬
‫‪Thome&Shakir‬‬
‫‪Stephan&Korner‬‬
‫‪4000‬‬
‫‪Schlunder‬‬

‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪Fujita&Tsutsui‬‬
‫‪Calus&Rise‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪Vinyak&Balakvishnan‬‬
‫‪10000‬‬ ‫‪50000‬‬ ‫‪100000‬‬ ‫‪150000‬‬ ‫‪200000‬‬
‫‪Heat flux/w.m-2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ - 5‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪ 26‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷـﺶ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸـﻴﻦ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ (4‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺭﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (2‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫𝑞‬
‫𝑙𝛼‬ ‫𝑣𝜌 ‪𝑙 0.741‬‬
‫= 𝑢𝑁‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝐴 ‪(𝑅𝑒)0.083‬‬ ‫‪( )−0.357 (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 0.000001)−0.05‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫‪𝑘1‬‬ ‫𝑙𝜌 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑇 𝑙𝑘‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝜎‬
‫�� 𝑔𝜌 ‪𝑙 = � �𝜌𝑙 −‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫𝑔‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

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‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ 𝑙 ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫𝐴‪𝑞 ⁄‬‬
‫=𝑢‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫𝑣𝜌 𝑔𝑓𝐻‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ 𝑢 ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(2‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ‬ ‫‪|New‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫‪model‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ)ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ(‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬ ‫‪0.83‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪0.29‬‬ ‫‪0.27‬‬ ‫‪0.62 0.43‬‬ ‫‪0.35‬‬ ‫‪1.07‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ)ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ(‬ ‫‪0.26‬‬ ‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪0.66‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.68 0.07‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.56‬‬

‫‪A(Pallen&Smal),B(STEPHAN),C(Thome),D(Thome-Shakir),‬‬
‫)‪E(Stephan&Korner),F(Schulender),G(Fujita&Tsutsui),H(Calus&rise),I(Vinyak &Balakvishnan‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪-2‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪10000‬‬
‫‪9000‬‬
‫‪8000‬‬
‫‪7000‬‬
‫‪α, cal /w.m-2.k-1‬‬

‫‪6000‬‬
‫‪5000‬‬
‫)‪(WATER-ETHANOL‬‬
‫‪4000‬‬
‫)‪(WATER-PROPANOL‬‬
‫‪3000‬‬
‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪4000‬‬ ‫‪6000‬‬ ‫‪8000‬‬ ‫‪10000‬‬
‫‪α,‬‬ ‫‪exp/w.m-2.k-1‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ - 6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021-88671676 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

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‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬-4
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬200 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬5 ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ‬
، ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸـﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬. ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫( ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ‬Fujita&Tsutsui) ‫(ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣـﺪﻝ‬Thome) ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻼﻛـﺲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﻳـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬.‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬-2 ‫ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬.‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬
.‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬-2 ‫ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﺸﻬﺮ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﻲ ﺩﺭﻳـﻎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
.‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

Acknowledgement

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

[1] J.W. Palen, W. Small, A new way to design kettle and internal reboilers, Hydrocarbon
Process. 43 (11) (1964) 199–208.
[2] Fujita, Y., and Tsutsui, M., 1997, “Heat Transfer in Nucleate Boiling of Binary
Mixtures”, JSME Int. J., 40, 134-141.
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transfer in the boiling of three component

1393 ‫ ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ 021-88671676 :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬:‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

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‫‪[13] Thome, J. R. M. R. A. W. Shock, Boiling of Multicomponent Liquid Mixtures, In: J.‬‬

‫‪Thome, R.A. W.‬‬ ‫‪Shock (Eds.), “Advances in Heat Transfer”,16, 59-156 (1984).‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫𝑞‬
‫] ‪[W.M-2‬ﺷﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫𝐴‬
‫] ‪[W.M-2 .K-1‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﺸﻲ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪α‬‬
‫]‪[K‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪T sat‬‬
‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[Pa‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫]‪[N/M‬ﻛﺸﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫‪σ‬‬

‫]‪[Pa.S‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪𝛍l‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[w.m-1 .k-1‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪Kl‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[m‬ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫𝑙‬
‫]‪[j/Kg‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪H fg‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪m.s -2‬ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺶ‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪G‬‬

‫]‪[Kg/m-3‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ρl‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[Kg/m-3‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ρv‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[j.Kg-1 .k-1‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪Cp‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[k‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫‪Tw‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ‬ ‫‪Nu‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﻞ‬ ‫‪Pr‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ‬ ‫‪Re‬‬

‫]‪[m2/s‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫�𝛼‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‬ ‫‪α id‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫]‪[m2/s‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪D AB‬‬
‫‪R‬‬

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