Professional Documents
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OF RESERVOIR OPERATION
1. Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Iran. m.sadeghian29@yahoo.com
2. PhD candidate, Dept of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, m3heydariii@yahoo.com
3. Associated professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, Faridah_ce@yahoo.com
4. MSc Graduate at Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, Iran. saba.yegane66@gmail.com
Abstract:
Research has always been a tremendous role in the development of in theory and
applied issues. These developments have been reflected in many scientific papers. This
paper aims to identify the best papers in the field of optimal reservoir operation. The
method used in this research is reviewing of ISI papers taken from the Web of Science. In
this regard, 579 papers have been found between 1980 and 2014 that the two words
“Reservoir” and “Operation” have been seen in their titles. In fact, the results of this
statistical study introduce the top researchers, journals and the leading countries in the
field of optimal reservoir operation. The large number of publications in this field
indicates that the problem of water resources cannot be solved only by the construction of
the dam and it needs more study on optimal operation of water resources.
Keywords: Reservoir operation, ISI paper, Optimization, Top cited papers, Water
resources
1. Introduction:
In recent decades, the vast amount of the papers indicates that extensive efforts
have been made to overcome the theoretical and practical problems. Operation of
reservoirs is one of the most important and complicated issues in usage of dams that the
designers have had challenges with for long (Othman et al. 2012b). During the last
decades, optimization and simulation have been used widely in water resource systems
planning and management. The main focus of previous studies were on developing tools
to help decision making in water resources planning and development (Othman et al.
2012a). In recent years, researchers have used different techniques for optimal operation
of reservoirs. They used mathematical programming methods, evolutionary algorithms
and artificial intelligent for solving problems in this area. Linear Programming (Reis et
al. 2006), Mixed Integer Linear Programming (Heydari et al. 2014), Nonlinear
Programming (Arunkumar and Jothiprakash 2012), Folded Dynamic Programming
(Kumar et al. 2010) are some mathematical programming methods. Genetic Algorithm
(Chang et al. 2010; Noori et al. 2013), Particle Swarm Optimization (Ostadrahimi et al.
2012), Honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm (Afshar et al. 2007), Ant
Colony Optimization (Kumar and Reddy 2006) are samples of evolutionary algorithms,
Also, Artificial Neural Networks (Chaves and Chang 2008) and fuzzy systems (Mousavi
et al. 2007) are two artificial intelligence techniques that have been used in the reservoir
operation. In this paper we aim to evaluate statistically the previous research in the
reservoir operation fields. The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) has been used for
this study since it has a systematic way to measure the citation of scientific journals, and
it is considered as a good indicator for assessment of scientific research.
3. Results
The most cited papers: Among mentioned 579 papers, the first one hundred
papers have been considered as references which the most citations are 516 and the
minimum is 14 times. The average number of citations is 40.90. Table 1 shows the top 10
papers with the most citations.
The Time Distribution: Among of 579 papers dealing with optimization of dam
reservoir operation, most of the papers that related to the year 2012 are 56 papers which
indicate the importance of the subject and need for research in those years. For after the
construction of large dams in different countries of the world, enhancing the efficiency
and effectiveness of the reservoir systems and maximizing the benefits arising from them
have been the most studied topics in recent years. Figure 2 shows the time-distribution of
related papers. As seen here, about 65% of the available papers are related to the period
of 2004 to 2013.
Figure 2 The number of papers published in ISI journals about reservoir operation in
different years
Language of Papers: About 557 papers out of 579 papers, i.e., around 97% have
been written in English and then 9 papers, i.e., about 1.5% has been written in German.
Subject Classification: More than 61% of papers are in the field of water resources
and over 55% of them are in the field of engineering studies and 18% of them are
environmental domain among selected 579 papers. This happens while many of the
papers fall into two or even more domains. The Table 2 shows the frequency of first five
field studies of these papers.
Top journals: One of the key issues that must be analyzed is to find relevant
journal. The countless number of papers published in each journal represents more
probability of publishing these papers in the proposed journals. Table 4 shows the most
appropriate journals to publish in our case.
Table 4 The most relevant journals to publish papers related to the optimal operation of
reservoirs (with more than 5 papers accepted record)
Source Titles Records % of 579
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ASCE 56 9.672
Water Resources Management 49 8.463
Water Resources Research 42 7.254
Water Resources Bulletin 20 3.454
Hydrological Processes 14 2.418
Hydrological Sciences Journal Journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques 13 2.245
IAHS Publication 13 2.245
Journal of Hydrology 13 2.245
Advances In Water Resources 12 2.073
Applied Mechanics And Materials 10 1.727
Journal of The American Water Resources Association 10 1.727
Journal of Hydroinformatics 9 1.554
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Asce 8 1.382
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 7 1.209
Considering Hydrological Change in Reservoir Planning and Management 7 1.209
Dynamic Programming Based Operation of Reservoirs Applicability and 7 1.209
Limits
International Hydrology Series 7 1.209
Expert Systems With Applications 6 1.036
Wasserwirtschaft 6 1.036
Superior Researchers: The 579 papers have been written by 256 researchers and
the mean number of researchers is 2.94 and the mean number of papers by per researcher
has been 4.5 papers. The maximum numbers of authors for a paper have been 12 and
after that 10 authors .An author has largest number 19 papers in reservoir operation field.
The following table shows the top 10 authors with the most papers in this area. It can be
said these persons are somehow the most expert regarding to optimize operation of dam
reservoirs. A total of 101 Editors also undertook the task of editing 579 papers ten of
them with the highest number of papers are presented in the table 5.
Keywords: The main reason to choose one paper as a superior paper is the high
number of citations. These numbers of citations usually occur when the paper will be
significantly easier found in search. Assuming equal access conditions, the paper appears
earlier in which title and keywords are used better. So choosing the proper research title
and keyword are playing an important role in this field. Here, statistics and available
information among the papers are presented separately in the author keywords (or
keywords written in the paper) and Keyword plus as suggested keywords in Web of
Science. Ten available key words in written papers are presented in the table 6. Total
repetition of these ten words in the papers has been 976 times and the words reservoir and
operation have been ranked in the first and second by 251 and 186 repetitions,
respectively.
Table 6 The comparison of author keyword and keyword plus
Author keywords Keywords plus
Rank Word (author) Occurrences Frequency Rank Word (plus) Occurrences Frequency
Ten keywords suggested in the Web of Science are provided in the following table
which total repetition of these words is 633 times and the first word is Optimization with
110 repetitions and the next word is Management with 87 repetitions. The biggest
character used in the previous papers was a 18-character word and after that a 17-
character word that each one was used only once. The biggest character used in
recommended papers in Web of Science was a 20-character word used only once. The
statistics are as follows. Two-word phrases have been repeated 420 times in written
papers and the most repeated phrase associated with Reservoir operation which was
repeated 114 times. And a two-word phrase has been repeated 234 times in proposed
papers in Web of Science. Two-word phrase -multi reservoir systems – has been repeated
most frequently 41 times. The statistical studies of two-word phrases are presented in the
table 7 and table 8.
Title: The words “Reservoir” and “Operation” are mentioned on all titles. After
these two words, the words “optimal”, “optimization”, “using” and “stochastic” are the
most frequently repeated on the paper titles respectively. Their statistics are demonstrated
in the following table 9.
4. Conclusion:
This study may be considered as a first statistical report on the reservoirs operation
papers. The findings showed that a lot of researches are done for optimal reservoir
operation every year. This means that storing the water in reservoirs cannot address the
problems solely and optimal reservoir operation should be considered after every dam
construction. By looking at the analysis in this paper, it is clear that the most citations
(excluding review articles) for articles are for papers that emphasize the use of modern
methods. Meanwhile, the importance of the optimal reservoir operation in some countries
such as Iran is a little more because of water shortage crisis.
References:
Afshar A, Haddad OB, Mariño MA, Adams B (2007) Honey-bee mating optimization
(HBMO) algorithm for optimal reservoir operation Journal of the Franklin
Institute 344:452-462
Arunkumar R, Jothiprakash V (2012) Optimal reservoir operation for hydropower
generation using non-linear programming model Journal of The Institution of
Engineers (India): Series A 93:111-120
Chang L-C, Chang F-J, Wang K-W, Dai S-Y (2010) Constrained genetic algorithms for
optimizing multi-use reservoir operation Journal of hydrology 390:66-74
Chaves P, Chang F-J (2008) Intelligent reservoir operation system based on evolving
artificial neural networks Advances in Water Resources 31:926-936
Heydari M, Othman F, Qaderi K (2014) Developing Optimal Reservoir Operation for
Multiple and Multipurpose Reservoirs Using Mathematical Programming
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015:11
Kumar DN, Baliarsingh F, Raju KS (2010) Optimal reservoir operation for flood control
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Kumar DN, Reddy MJ (2006) Ant colony optimization for multi-purpose reservoir
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1082
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