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    32 views8 pages

    Open Channel Flow

    Uploaded by

    ELEVATED Knowledge

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    OPSC-AEE Pry) Odisha Public Service Commission Assistant Executive Engineer Civil Engineering Open Channel Flow Well Illustrated Theory with Solved Examples and Practice Questions [eee | MADE EASY Publications Open Channel Flow Contents ‘UNIT TOPIC Introduction Uniform Flow Energy Depth Relationship Gradually Varied Flow..... Rapidly Varied Flow ... mzmauv>xrn 3.1 Speci the channel bed as datum and is expressed as summation of flow depth and velocity head. unity. Energy Depth Relationship ic Energy Specific energy is the total energy at a section wr E = yta 2 9 Channel bed where a=Kinetic energy correction factor Since, channel flow will always be turluulent flow and for turbulent K.E correction factor is approximately + Specific energy at section 1-1 Energy ine — Water surface Specific energy at section 2-2, Channel bed E, = Set * For uniform flow, specific energy will be constant. + For varied flow specific energy may either increase or decrease in the direction of flow. But total energy will always decrease in the direction of flow, * For frictionless and horizontal channel specific energy will be constant. 3.1.1 Relationship between Specific Energy and Depth of Flow Specific Energy Curve Lis a plot between the specific energy on abscissa (x-axis) and depth of flow on ordinate (y-axis). * Consider a rectangular channel having bed width ‘B’ and depth of flow y. yo Es— yomEoy MADE EASY ‘Open Channel Flow Energy Depth Relationship 31 Publiestions + The curve obtained is valid for one particular discharge as discharge increases the curve shifts to the right. +The curve would be different for different cross-section however its nature would be same. From equation (1) @ 29 By? The specific energy depth relationship is cubic in nature hence, we get'' (three) value of depth for a particular given discharge one of them is negative and other two are positive, these two positive depths of flow y, and y,are called alternate depth of flow one of that depth (y,) is corresponding to subcritical flow and other (y,) is corresponding to supercritical flow. Ezy + The depth of flow obtained at the tip of curve is called critical depth of flow and the corresponding energy is called critical specific energy. Yu Ve ~ Alternate depth E, - Critical specific eneray Ye ~ Critical depth ‘+ Hence, minimum specific energy (E,) fora particular discharge ‘Q’ corresponds to the critical state of flow. Hence at the critical state of flow the two alternate depths apparent becomes one, which is known as critical depth (y,). y = constant 2 As, E=y+2 29a For Eto be minimum at constant ‘Q aE z oe —t Y eager) y a] dE (3) aA / 32 Civil Engineering OPSC-AEE MADE EASY Publications For any channel (condition for critical state of flow) = Now, =1 Rot + Thus, when the specific energy is minimum for a given discharge flow will be ertical flow and depth of flow willbe called as critical depth of flow (y,) and velocity of flow willbe called as critical velocity + When y> y.i Ve V, > Subortcal ow ¥< yi V> Vy = Supercritical iow & 2g A? Q=2gM(E-Y (0) Fora given E, (specific energy) Qis maximum when + Also E-y+ Subesical fom (> y,) Siparcreal now (y

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