Spotlight Grammar Workbook Compound Comp

Carolyn LoGiudice and Kate LaQuay
Skill Area: Grammar

Ages: 8 through 11
Grades: 3 through 6
Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc.
All of our products are copyrighted to

protect the fine work of our authors. You
may only copy the student materials as
needed for your own use with students.
Any other reproduction or distribution of the
pages in this book is prohibited, including
copying the entire book to use as another
primary source or “master” copy.
LinguiSystems, Inc. FAX: 800-577-4555

Printed in the U.S.A.
3100 4th Avenue E-mail: service@linguisystems.com
East Moline, IL 61244-9700 Web: linguisystems.com
800-776-4332 ISBN 0-7606-0649-8
About the Authors
Carolyn LoGiudice, M.S., CCC-SLP, was a speech-language

clinician in school, clinic, and private settings before joining
LinguiSystems in 1984. She has co-authored many materials
with LinguiSystems, including The WORD Test 2, No-Glamour
Vocabulary Cards, The Test of Semantic Skills (TOSS-P and
TOSS-I), 100% Grammar, and 100% Punctuation.
Carolyn LoGiudice Kate LaQuay, J.D., became part of LinguiSystems’ extended

family more than 20 years ago when her mother, Carolyn
LoGiudice, joined the company. Now a mother herself, Kate
has co-authored several LinguiSystems products, including
U.S. History: A Reading Comprehension Book, U.S. Govern-
ment: A Reading Comprehension Game and Spotlight on
Vocabulary: Levels 1 and 2. Previously, she practiced law for
six years in Los Angeles.
Kate and Michael LaQuay
Dedication
To language and learning instructors devoted to
improving students’ skills and supporting their
highest aspirations
Illustrations by Margaret Warner
Cover design by Jason Platt

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pretest/Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Complete Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Simple Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Compound Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Simple Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Compound Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Noun-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Coordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Adding Coordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Punctuating Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Writing Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Complex Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Subordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Adding Subordinating Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Punctuating Complex Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Identifying Sentence Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Rewriting Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Writing Complex Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Identifying Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Correcting Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Correcting Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Spotlight on Grammar
Compound & Complex Sentences 3 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc.
Introduction
By itself, “grammar” is not an engaging topic for students. You won’t hear them spontaneously
discuss the function of an adjective vs. an adverb. Students don’t get excited about linking verbs.
Most adults outside the academic arena even shy away from grammar, especially now that our
computers can check our grammar for reports or other writings. Even so, effective speakers and
writers need to understand and use grammar as a sharp tool to express their thoughts. Grammar
rules help us modify a message for a target audience. We even break some rules on purpose to
be more casual.
Some say the most practical reason to teach grammar in school is to help students score well on
tests. That practice, while pragmatic, ignores the lifelong benefits of solid grammar skills. We make
snap judgments when we meet people. These impressions are based on communication style as
much as appearance and background knowledge. When all we know about someone is what that
person has written, as in many e-mails, grammar and writing style are even more important.
How, then, do we entice students to master basic grammar well enough to apply it in their
conversation and their writing?
• First, teach the grammar concept or rule. Highlight a specific grammar point.
• Then, give your students practice, practice, practice.
• Incorporate the grammar concept in both oral and written activities.
• Spotlight the concept as your students encounter it in textbooks, Internet articles, school
announcements, and classroom interaction.
• Demonstrate both correct and incorrect use of the grammar concept. Talk about the impact
of the concept on a message’s listener or reader. Often a message is clearer when it is
grammatically correct. Incorrect grammar can also distract from the meaning or desired
effect of a message.
The goals of Spotlight on Grammar are below.
• To help students recognize and utilize correct grammar in their

speaking and writing
• To boost students’ reading comprehension by understanding the

role of grammar
All six books in Spotlight on Grammar concentrate on basic grammar concepts typically mastered
by students in fifth grade. Use the Pretest/Posttest on page 6 to determine your students’ specific
strengths and weaknesses. The activities within each book are sequenced by general complexity.
Sentence structure, vocabulary, and readability are kept simple to keep students’ energies focused
on the grammar concept vs. reading comprehension.
Spotlight on Grammar: Compound and Complex Sentences begins with a brief review of simple and
compound subjects and predicates as well as noun-verb agreement, both prerequisites for tackling
compound and complex sentences. Students then learn about coordinating conjunctions that connect
equal parts of sentences, followed by subordinating conjunctions that connect dependent clauses
to independent clauses to form complex sentences. The intent of this book’s activities is to alert
students to the form and use of compound and complex sentences, not to master more sophisticated
grammar skills that are generally taught in high school. Students in grades three through six should
be able to easily identify simple, compound, and complex sentences after they complete these activi-
ties. These students should also be able to transform one type of sentence into another, a useful tool
to make their writing more interesting for readers and to explain key relationships like sequencing,
causes, or associations.
The following additional activities will enrich your students’ compound and complex sentence skills.
• Write a simple sentence on the board, such as Jenny writes. Talk about the subject of this
sentence and the verb or predicate. Then, ask your students to add more information to this
sentence to change it into various compound sentences, e.g., Jenny writes to her grandma
and her grandma loves getting letters, Jenny writes slowly but she types fast, etc. Next, have
your students change Jenny writes into various complex sentences.
• Diagram sentences on the board and have your students copy the diagrams. A Web search
for diagram sentences should give you and your students helpful information here.
• Your students need to differentiate independent and dependent clauses, but that terminology
sometimes overwhelms students. To spotlight the difference, focus on which part of the
sentence contains “more important information” to identify the independent or main sentence.
Ask, “If we had to lose one part of this sentence, which one could we leave out and still
get the important information? Why?” Even simple games that have your students repeat
common subordinate conjunctions can improve their ability to spot a dependent clause.
For example, try snapping/clapping a rhythym and having students name a subordinating
conjunction that has not been said already.
• Use a short passage as a cloze exercise. Rewrite the passage and leave out coordinating
and subordinating conjunctions. Have your students supply appropriate words to complete
the passage.
We hope you and your students enjoy Spotlight on Grammar: Compound and Complex Sentences!
Carolyn and Kate

Pretest/Posttest
➥ Circle the coordinating conjunction in each sentence.
1. Charlie likes chocolate ice cream but I prefer vanilla.
2. Are you sure or are you just guessing?
3. Mom made sandwiches and I made fruit salad.
➥ Underline the dependent clause in each sentence.
4. After we get home, we can play ball.
5. Let me know if you can stay for dinner.
➥ Write S in front of each complete sentence. Write F in front of each sentence fragment.
6. _____ My favorite jeans.
7. _____ Call me later.
8. _____ All of my friends who live near me.
➥ Re-write and correct the run-on sentences below.
9. We got caught in the rain, we are soaking wet.
______________________________________________________________________
10. I can’t wait to start, let’s go!

______________________________________________________________________
➥ Write compound in front of each compound sentence. Write complex in front of each
complex sentence.
11. _________________ Chad was eager for class to end and he kept looking at his watch.
12. _________________ When you talked to Mom, did she say when she’d be home?
Complete Subjects and Predicates 1
The subject of a sentence is who or what the sentence is about.
The predicate is the action or the information about the subject.
A complete subject is the subject of a sentence and all the
words that go with it.
complete subject complete predicate

My cousin Charlie played his harmonica for hours.
➥ Underline the complete subject of each sentence.
1. Many firefighters put out the fire.
2. My best friend gave me a big hug.
3. Your new bike helmet looks nice.
4. The line for the movie went around the block.
5. The basketball team played well in the first half.
6. The Sunday newspaper is always thicker.
7. Justin and Arthur have been friends forever.
8. Everyone at camp earned a merit badge.
9. The town council meets once a month.
10. Our neighbor Mr. Rubin goes walking each morning.
11. Making sculptures out of clay is fun.
12. This diesel engine could pull twelve heavy freight cars.
Complete Subjects and Predicates 2
➥ Underline the complete predicate of each sentence.
1. Sharks’ muscles make up 85% of their body weight.
2. I will call her back tomorrow.
3. My youngest sister, Allison, is five years old.
4. This package is addressed to you.
5. We are meeting at 3:30 today.
6. The zipper on my old backpack is broken.
7. A ticket for the movie costs nine dollars.
8. The city renamed the street Memorial Parkway.
9. Our new puppy barks at everything.
10. The ice cream parlor is being remodeled.
11. Kyle looks worried about something.
12. The mail carrier brought a package for you and me.
Simple Subjects
The simple subject of a sentence is the main word or words in
the complete subject.

The cape around Abe’s neck was too tight.
➥ Underline the complete subject of each sentence.

Circle each simple subject.
1. My Aunt Alice plays the saxophone.
2. My mom’s car seats five people.
3. The plants in the living room need watering.
4. The smell of scented candles filled the air.
5. My cousin’s operation was a success.
6. A loud noise from the cave startled us.
7. This heavy box is full of books.
8. Those bananas don’t look ripe.
9. Her birthday party is Saturday.
10. Everyone in my group worked together.
11. The red marker has run out of ink.
12. That video game was just released.
Compound Subjects
A compound subject is two or more simple subjects that share
the same verb. Compound subjects are joined by coordinating
conjunctions (connecting words) like and and or.
Wild monkeys and chimpanzees live in the jungle.
Maybe water or juice would quench your thirst.
➥ Underline each part of the compound subjects in these sentences.
1. Sunscreen lotion or a hat will protect your face.
2. Whining and complaining annoy me.
3. Claire and Andrea rolled their eyes.
4. A doctor or nurse will be with you soon.
5. You or Brian can have the other half.
6. Scissors or a sharp knife would cut through that tape.
7. The sheets and towels need to be washed.
8. My little brother and sister are hungry.
9. Either paper bags or boxes would be fine.
10. Blue or green would look good on you.
11. Many cars and trucks are stuck in traffic.
12. Abigail and Bill walked home together.
Simple Predicates
The simple predicate of a sentence is the
main verb and its parts.
My little brother is making a sandwich.
➥ Underline the complete predicate of each sentence.

Circle each simple predicate.
1. My team has been working on a science experiment.
2. Those birds will fly south for the winter.
3. The construction workers are building an apartment complex.
4. That noise is giving me a headache.
5. Our sister can sleep through anything.
6. A calculator could help you with your homework.
7. Natalie and her friend will sit in the first row.
8. I volunteered to walk the dog.
9. My parents have warned me about losing my retainer.
10. We are dancing on the stage in the auditorium.
11. Mom might work late tonight.
12. I am pretending to be invisible.
Compound Verbs
Compound verbs are two or more verbs that share the same subject. Compound verbs
are joined by coordinating conjunctions (connecting words) like and and or.
Michelle opened her bag of marbles and sorted them by color.
Underline the compound verbs in these sentences.

➥
1. Our lazy cat yawned and stretched her legs.
2. Natasha fell off her bike and broke her wrist.
3. A snake slithered through the grass and hissed at us.
4. Ruby frosted the cake and decorated it with sprinkles.
5. I unlocked the cabinet and looked inside.
6. The fans in the bleachers yelled or stomped their feet.
7. The kids splashed in the waves or built sandcastles.
8. I put on my jacket and grabbed my hat.
9. Dad turned left and drove to the end of the block.
10. He took a big gulp and swallowed it.
11. We folded the clothes and put them away.
12. My dog wagged her tail and licked my face.
Noun-Verb Agreement
A singular subject (one) needs a singular verb.
A plural subject (more than one) needs a plural verb.
singular Clarissa jumps over the rope.
plural Beth and Luanne turn the rope.
➥ Write the correct verb to complete each sentence.
1. I _________________ my dog fresh water twice a day.

give gives
2. They _________________ where to go.

knows know
3. Jeff _________________ trumpet lessons.

take takes
4. Kelly _________________ spray paints to make her pictures.

uses use
5. We _________________ cookies to our neighbors for the holidays.

gives give
6. Canadian geese _________________ in the shape of a V.

flies fly
7. The teacher’s shoelaces _________________ untied.

is are
8. My nose _________________ running again.

is are
9. I _________________ planning to go to the museum on Saturday.

am are
10. The hungry children _________________ been waiting patiently.

has have
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence is two or more complete sentences
that are joined into one sentence. The complete sentences
are joined by a coordinating conjunction. A coordinating
conjunction is a connecting word like and, or, or but.
simple sentences Do you eat green bananas?

Do you eat only ripe bananas?
compound sentence Do you eat green bananas or do you eat only ripe bananas?
➥ Circle the coordinating conjunction that joins simple sentences together.
1. I wanted to buy a new bike but I didn’t have enough money.
2. Bill tripped on a crack in the sidewalk and he sprained his ankle.
3. May I take this seat or are you saving it for someone?
4. You must hurry or you will be late.
5. Celia knew the way but suddenly she was confused.
6. Should we play Monopoly or should we go for a walk?
7. Ben ate three hot dogs for lunch and now he has a stomachache.
8. Vanessa wanted the black puppy but her brother wanted the spotted one.
9. Some snakes are poisonous and some are not.
10. Jeffrey made the sandwiches and Joanne packed the picnic basket.
11. You could come over tomorrow or we could meet at the park Saturday.
12. The power went out and we had to use flashlights.
Coordinating Conjunctions 1
The connecting words and, or, and but are coordinating conjunctions. They connect two
or more equal parts of a sentence. They can connect subjects, predicates, or sentences to
make compound subjects, compound predicates, or compound sentences.
Jeb and Kassim live near each other.
Noah sliced the cake and served it to the guests.
You can look at the cake but please don’t touch it.
➥ Each coordinating conjunction in these sentences is in bold type. Underline the

simple subjects, simple predicates, or simple sentences each coordinating conjunction
connects.
1. Please comb your hair and brush your teeth.
2. My family and I are going camping.
3. Sharks hunt whenever they can, but they can go a long time between feedings.
4. You can choose one big prize or pick two smaller ones.
5. I went to lie down for a minute, and I fell asleep on the couch.
6. Your dog and my cat look alike.
7. Would you like to go together or should we meet there?
8. We will make spaghetti or order pizza.
9. We left early but we got stuck in traffic.
10. My brothers and Jacob play on the high school team.
11. The map or the compass should help us find our way.
12. I swam underwater and got my hair wet.
Coordinating Conjunctions 2
➥ Find the coordinating conjunction in each sentence. Then underline the simple
subjects, simple predicates, or simple sentences the coordinating conjunction connects.
1. Penguins are birds but they swim like fish.
2. She tried the door but it was locked.
3. I got paint on my shirt and I need to change.
4. I slept for eight hours but I still feel tired.
5. Gabriel, Rich, or Dylan can sit in the back seat.
6. We got a flat tire and waited for a tow truck.
7. They hugged their grandparents and kissed them goodbye.
8. Christine, Samantha, and Rachel tried out for cheerleading.
9. He listened to a phone message and wrote it on an index card.
10. The students read their textbooks or started their homework.
11. A calculator and a stapler are in the top desk drawer.
12. Did I say or do something to hurt your feelings?
13. My friends and I want to go ice skating.
14. We don’t have any lunch meat, but I could make you a peanut butter sandwich.
Adding Coordinating Conjunctions 1
Use a coordinating conjunction to join two complete sentences into one compound
sentence.
Use and to add information. We swam in the lake and we read books on the shore.
Use or to show a choice. I will read a book or I will listen to music.
Use but to show contrast. I like cold pizza but Dad likes hot pizza.
➥ Write a coordinating conjunction from the box to connect each pair of sentences.
and or but
1. Peter sprained his ankle _______ he has to use a crutch.
2. I have to complete this form _______ I need more information.
3. Kevin seems shy _______ he’s really very friendly.
4. I need to study tonight _______ I won’t do well on the test.
5. Tape the rip in this recipe card _______ copy the recipe onto a new card.
6. Mary left the ice cream on the counter, _______ now it is melted.
7. It will be sunny this morning _______ it might rain this afternoon.
8. I heard the phone ring _______ no one left a message.
9. The kids were playing baseball outside, _______ someone hit a ball through our window.
10. Shannon forgot to put on sunscreen _______ her face is sunburned.
11. Will you apologize _______ are you still too angry?
12. That was my favorite shirt _______ now it has too many holes to wear it.
Adding Coordinating Conjunctions 2
➥ Write a coordinating conjunction from the box to connect each pair of sentences.
and or but
1. This phone is broken _______ there is a phone down the street.
2. I can give you directions _______ you can follow me there.
3. Dora doesn’t like macaroni _______ she loves spaghetti.
4. Monday we have soccer practice _______ Tuesday we play our first game.
5. You can bring your own lunch _______ you can buy lunch in the cafeteria.
6. We can watch the game live _______ we can record the game to watch later.
7. It snowed all night _______ now we have about six inches on the ground.
8. I cleared the table _______ my brother washed the dishes.
9. Yesterday was cloudy _______ the sun is out today.
10. I need to find my jacket _______ my mom will have to buy me a new one.
11. My dad was sick last week _______ I caught a cold from him.
12. We wanted to rent a movie _______ no one could drive us to the video store.
Punctuating Compound Sentences 1
If the parts of a compound sentence are very short, you don’t need to use a comma to
separate them.
She likes peas but I prefer carrots.
If the parts of a compound sentence are not short, use a comma to separate them.
She usually likes peas in her summer salad, but I would much rather have carrots.
➥ Add commas where they are needed in these sentences.
1. On Friday nights my family orders a pizza and we take

turns choosing the toppings.
2. Alan will help or I will help.
3. I would loan you a dollar but I don’t have one.
4. Do you need help or are you okay?
5. Did you bring your CDs or did you leave them at home?
6. The hurricane hit our town with very high winds but it didn’t damage our house.
7. Gina came with me and we had a great time.
8. It took a long time to order our lunch and we didn’t have much time to eat it.
9. William was bitten by a dog and now he is afraid of dogs.
10. We yelled at her but she didn’t hear us.
11. I have enjoyed playing baseball but this year I might try out for soccer.
12. We need to clean up our mess in the kitchen or my parents will be mad at me.
Punctuating Compound Sentences 2
➥ Add commas where they are needed in these compound sentences.
1. Sonia dropped her calculator by accident and now it shows funny

symbols when she turns it on.
2. I’d love to have a dog but I’m allergic to them.
3. Are you busy or can you come over?
4. We were planning to go swimming but the weather forecast

says it’s going to be cold and rainy.
5. I ordered milk but this is orange juice.
6. My library books are due today and I need to return them by 5 o’clock.
7. Laura bought a shirt and Emma bought a hat.
8. I’ll call you tonight or I’ll see you tomorrow.
9. Reese was going to have a slumber party for her birthday but now she might have it
at the park.
10. Do you think a lot of people will come to the play or do you think it will be a small crowd?
11. Will these grass stains come out in the wash or do you think they will be permanent?
12. Loan me your bike and I’ll give it back tomorrow.
Writing Compound Sentences 1
➥ Combine each pair of sentences into one compound sentence.
1. It is getting late. I can’t keep my eyes open.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I cannot do my chores today. I will do them tomorrow.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Courtney entered an essay contest. She won a scholarship.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Dale has a brother. He doesn’t have any sisters.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. We could have sandwiches. We could have some fruit.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. I don’t know Doug very well. He seems nice.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. We have two parakeets. They get along well.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Morgan is my best friend. She lives next door to me.
_____________________________________________________________________
Writing Compound Sentences 2
➥ Combine each pair of sentences into one compound sentence.
1. Tony had a question. He raised his hand.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I like this one the most. It costs too much money.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Carrie went to the dentist. She has two cavities.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Do you play the flute? Do you play the violin?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. I put my keys in my backpack. I can’t find them now.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Spencer is grounded. He can’t come to the party.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. I will bring the game to school. You can come play it at my house.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. I want to be a writer. Mom wants me to be a teacher.
_____________________________________________________________________
Complex Sentences
A simple sentence is also an independent clause. It tells a complete
after
thought and can stand by itself.
although
We will go to the library. as
because
A dependent clause cannot stand by itself as a sentence. It doesn’t tell a
before
complete thought. It begins with a subordinating conjunction. The
words in the box are subordinating conjunctions. if
so that
because we need more information unless
until
To form a complex sentence, we use a subordinating conjunction to
connect a dependent clause to an independendent clause (sentence). when
while
We will go to the library because we need more information.
➥ Circle the subordinating conjunction that begins each dependent clause in these
sentences. Then, underline the independent clause within each complex sentence.
1. Let’s heat these egg rolls unless you want something else.
2. Whenever you’re ready, I can take your order.
3. When you need to make a big decision, take your time.
4. If you want to talk to someone, call me anytime.
5. The picnic was a huge success until it started to rain.
6. Would you please help me after you finish your homework?
7. Although we haven’t been friends long, I trust Kelly completely.
8. Before you answer the question, know what you want to say.
Subordinating Conjunctions 1
A subordinating conjunction links a dependent clause with a simple sentence to form a
complex sentence. Some common subordinating conjunctions are in the box.
after because unless when
although before if until
➥ Underline the subordinating conjunction that begins each dependent clause.
1. Although zebras aren’t native to North America, you can

often see them in a zoo.
2. I like to read a book before I go to sleep.
3. We’re going on a bike ride unless it rains.
4. I’d like to sign up if it’s not too late.
5. Sarah had never seen snow until she moved here.
6. I can’t go to the movies because I already made plans with Diego.
7. When Jenna told me her age, I couldn’t believe her.
8. Sean is saving his money because he wants to buy a surfboard.
9. Before we do our exercises, we stretch and warm up.
10. I would like to have a turn after you have f inished.
11. If the phone rings, will you please answer it?
12. We were excited to ride the roller coaster until we saw the long line.
Subordinating Conjunctions 2
➥ Underline the subordinating conjunction that begins each dependent clause.
1. Before we start, let’s read the recipe directions.
2. If you aren’t busy Saturday, would you like to come over?
3. Although the front door was locked, the back door was open.
4. My stepmom waits up for me until I get home.
5. Ann missed school today because she had a doctor’s appointment.
6. I have a favor to ask you when you have a minute.
7. Unless there are any questions, we’re ready to start.
8. We stopped for ice cream after we saw the movie.
9. Richard kept the secret until we dragged it out of him.
10. We were talking it over when I suddenly had an idea.
11. Because Dad didn’t know where we were, he stopped to get directions.
12. After Danielle graduates, she wants to be a teacher.
13. I can ask my mom to pick you up if you need a ride.
14. I’ll eat the last cookie unless you want it.
Adding Subordinating Conjunctions 1
➥ Choose a subordinating conjunction from the box to complete each sentence. It’s okay
to use the same conjunction more than once.
after how until

although if when
as since where
because that while
before unless
1. The ground will be muddy __________________ the

snow melts.
2. Have you made many friends __________________ you

moved here?
3. __________________ it’s too big for me right now, I like my new sweater a lot.
4. __________________ I opened the door, everyone yelled “Surprise!”
5. __________________ I was waiting, I read the newspaper.
6. You’ll get lost __________________ you don’t follow these directions.
7. These are the games __________________ my aunt gave us.
8. We wondered __________________ we could help the disaster victims.
9. I can’t have dessert __________________ I finish my dinner.
10. Dad is coming to my school __________________ he wants to talk to my teacher.
11. Don’t take it apart __________________ you know how to put it back together.
12. __________________ we live, it rarely rains in the summer.
Adding Subordinating Conjunctions 2
➥ Choose a subordinating conjunction from the box to complete each sentence. It’s okay
to use the same conjunction more than once.
when unless although
because until where
if before that
since while
1. __________________ I was sick in bed, I read a great book.
2. __________________ it’s cold outside, we like to sit by the fire.
3. __________________ I got home, I started my homework.
4. __________________ we moved here, we lived in Nebraska.
5. My cousin had grown a foot __________________ I saw her.
6. __________________ the sky was dark all day, it never rained.
7. Please hold your applause __________________ the end of the show.
8. __________________ you want to volunteer, please raise your hand.
9. Rob was nervous __________________ everyone was watching him.
10. You can’t go on the field trip __________________ you have a signed permission slip.
11. Let’s hide this someplace __________________ no one will think to look.
12. My piano teacher was impressed __________________ I played so well.
Punctuating Complex Sentences 1
If the dependent clause in a sentence comes after the complete sentence, you don’t need a
comma before the clause. If the dependent clause comes before the complete sentence, add
a comma to separate it from the main sentence.
You don’t need a ticket if you are a member of the club.
If you are a member of the club, you don’t need a ticket.
1. My family likes to eat popcorn while we watch movies.
2. It was the worst storm that we’ve ever had.
3. When the judges announced the winner we all cheered.
4. Because Ken was the tallest he stood in the back row.
5. After a bee stings you it will die.
6. I have to finish my homework before I can watch TV.
7. Mandy laughed because I made a funny face.
8. Before we go to the pool we always put on lots of suntan lotion.
9. If you have an extra ticket can I buy it from you?
10. My watch hasn’t worked right since I wore it underwater.
11. Unless you are 60 inches tall you can’t ride the roller coaster.
12. We can’t solve the mystery until we collect more clues.
Punctuating Complex Sentences 2
1. When I am in high school I want to try out for the track team.
2. Until you showed up we were worried about you.
3. If you need a partner let me know.
4. I need to return this library book before I lose it somewhere.
5. I practiced piano every day while I was on vacation.
6. Julie listened carefully as I told her what happened.
7. Although the cookies were a little burned they tasted good.
8. Andy can’t come to the party because he has a cold.
9. We’ll have to wait if there is a line.
10. It rained every day while we were there.
11. Since he started taking lessons Will’s singing is much better.
12. Because the movie was sold out we went bowling instead.
13. No one answered the phone when I called.
14. After the crowd begged for more the band played three more songs.
Identifying Sentence Types 1
➥ Circle compound before each compound sentence. Circle complex before each
complex sentence.
1. compound complex Where we live, it’s important to know

what to do during a tornado drill.
2. compound complex This is the most interesting book that

I have ever read.
3. compound complex I would love to come to your party but

we’ll be out of town.
4. compound complex We need to get gas and then we’ll go shopping.
5. compound complex Although I haven’t seen the movie, its reviews are great.
6. compound complex Kerry is coming over after she finishes cleaning her room.
7. compound complex Have you decided what to order or do you need a few minutes?
8. compound complex I picked Gene to be on our team because he is a fast runner.
9. compound complex If you remember, will you buy some grapes at the grocery store?
10. compound complex The fish were hungry and they darted up to the surface to get
the food.
11. compound complex Sheila waved at Simon but he didn’t recognize her.
12. compound complex You can watch the news at five o’clock on channel two, or you can
watch the news at six o’clock on channel four.
13. compound complex I’m going to school tomorrow unless I still have a fever.
14. compound complex Sherrie needed a ride and we picked her up.
Identifying Sentence Types 2
➥ Circle compound before each compound sentence.
Circle complex before each complex sentence.
1. compound complex I told Rick that I will go to his birthday

party on Saturday.
2. compound complex We won’t have to wait if we make a

reservation.
3. compound complex I finished painting but the picture isn’t dry yet.
4. compound complex Before you go, may I ask you a question?
5. compound complex I liked the otters the most when we went to the aquarium.
6. compound complex It sounded like a plane but it could have been a helicopter.
7. compound complex We traded lunches and I got her turkey sandwich.
8. compound complex My mom reads the paper while she eats breakfast.
9. compound complex My parents won’t let me babysit until I’m 15.
10. compound complex We can get two ice-cream cones or we can share a sundae.
11. compound complex If you have a cell phone, please call for help!
12. compound complex We need to go home because it’s getting dark.
13. compound complex I will take a shower after practice is over.
14. compound complex Are you in line to buy tickets or is this the line for ticket holders?
Rewriting Compound Sentences
➥ Rewrite each compound sentence as simple sentences.
1. It may be cold today and we should bring our jackets and gloves.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. No one expected Ian to break the record, but I wasn’t surprised.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Have you been to Florida before or is this your first trip?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Claudia heard the phone ring but she didn’t get to it in time.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Sam ate a burrito and I had tacos.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Nathan is tall but Jeff is taller.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Did that make any sense or should I explain it again?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. I invited my whole class and almost everyone came.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Writing Complex Sentences 1
➥ Use the conjunction to rewrite each pair of sentences as one complex sentence.
1. while You can wait downstairs. I will change my clothes.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. because I need your help. This box is too heavy for me to carry.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. after I passed the test. I was promoted to the next level.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. if You have some advice. I would love to hear it.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. when Kevin wants to be a pilot. He grows up.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. unless You shouldn’t go in the pool. You know how to swim.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. where I went to school. The students had to wear uniforms.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. while We tried to be quiet. The baby slept.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Writing Complex Sentences 2
➥ Use the conjunction to rewrite each pair of sentences as one complex sentence.
1. unless I will be mad at you. You keep my secret.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. when Grandpa was a little boy. He lived on a farm.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. before You wait for the clay to dry. You paint it.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. until Stir the pudding. The timer beeps.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. because My sister has a bigger room. She is older than I am.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. although Ethan is short. He is a great basketball player.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. as Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs. They walked into the woods.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. since I started exercising regularly. I have had a lot more energy.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Identifying Sentence Fragments
A complete sentence tells a complete thought. It has a subject and a complete predicate.
We found shells on the beach. Wash your hands before you eat.
A sentence fragment is just part of a sentence.
Shells on the beach. Before you eat.
➥ Circle complete for each complete sentence. Circle fragment for each sentence
fragment.
1. complete fragment Steaming cup of hot chocolate.
2. complete fragment The clock struck midnight.
3. complete fragment When we get home.
4. complete fragment If you tell the truth.
5. complete fragment Wait for your turn.
6. complete fragment Chuck left early.
7. complete fragment My friend Henry.
8. complete fragment Whispered quietly to us.
9. complete fragment How do you know him?
10. complete fragment A big brown package.
11. complete fragment Her new dog barks loudly.
12. complete fragment Sally ate pizza.
Correcting Sentence Fragments
A complete sentence tells a whole thought.
It has a subject and a complete predicate.
subject predicate
A lion slept in the sun.
A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence. It doesn’t tell a whole thought.
Slept in the sun. A huge lion with a big mane.
➥ Change each sentence fragment into a complete sentence.
1. Covered with mud.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. After the picnic at the beach.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Signed my name.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. While we made noise.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. If her arm is broken.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. While a flock of birds.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Unless everyone in my family.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. While listening to music.
_____________________________________________________________________
Run-on Sentences
A run-on sentence is two or more complete sentences joined by a comma. One sentence
runs into the next one.
Vote for Harold for president, he will do a great job!
Here are two ways to correct a run-on sentence.
• Break the sentences into simple sentences.

Vote for Harold for president. He will do a great job!
• Make a complex sentence.
Vote for Harold for president because he will do a great job!
➥ Write R in front of each run-on sentence.
1. _____ Megan’s mom took her shopping, she got a dress for the dance.
2. _____ School was canceled today, the city can’t shovel the snow off of the streets.
3. _____ If there is a fire drill, line up by the door.
4. _____ The hurricane caused a lot of damage, my grandparents’ roof leaks now.
5. _____ When you are done, will you turn off the lights?
6. _____ Anna’s family moved, I need her new address.
7. _____ These shoes are too small, I’m getting blisters on my feet.
8. _____ The parking lot was full, we couldn’t find a space.
9. _____ Although he didn’t win, Bryce had a good time at the swim meet.
10. _____ I feel sick, I ate too much candy.
Correcting Run-on Sentences
➥ Rewrite these run-on sentences to correct them.
1. The dog barked, someone must be at the door.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Angie didn’t go in the pool, she can’t swim.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. My throat is sore, I have a fever.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. I can’t see anything, turn on the lights.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. We are out of milk, I need to go to the store.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Anthony can keep a secret, he is very trustworthy.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Jorge made the finals, Eric didn’t qualify.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Rachel brought me a present, I thanked her.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Jimmy played a video game, we made some snacks.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. She stopped by earlier, you weren’t here.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. Tomorrow is my birthday, I will be ten years old.
_____________________________________________________________________
12. I didn’t sleep well, I tossed and turned all night.
_____________________________________________________________________
Answer Key
The most likely answers are listed here. Accept other logical, appropriate answers as correct.
Page 6 3. The plants in the living 4. frosted, decorated 5. Gabriel, Rich, Dylan
1. but room 5. unlocked, looked 6. got, waited
2. or 4. The smell of scented 6. yelled, stomped 7. hugged, kissed
3. and candles 7. splashed, built 8. Christine, Samantha,
4. After we get home 5. My cousin’s operation 8. put, grabbed Rachel
5. if you can stay for dinner 6. A loud noise from the 9. turned, drove 9. listened, wrote
6. F cave 10. took, swallowed 10. read, started
7. S 7. This heavy box 11. folded, put 11. calculator, stapler
8. F 8. Those bananas 12. wagged, licked 12. say, do
9. We got caught in the 9. Her birthday party 13. friends, I
rain so we are soaking 10. Everyone in my group Page 13 14. We don’t have any
wet. 11. The red marker 1. give 6. fly lunch meat, I could
10. Let’s go because I can’t 12. That video game 2. know 7. are make you a peanut
wait to start! 3. takes 8. is butter sandwich
11. compound Page 10 4. uses 9. am
12. complex 1. lotion, hat 5. give 10. have Page 17
2. Whining, complaining 1. and 7. but, and
Page 7 3. Claire, Andrea Page 14 2. but 8. but
1. Many firefighters 4. doctor, nurse 1. but 7. and 3. but 9. and
2. My best friend 5. You, Brian 2. and 8. but 4. or 10. and
3. Your new bike helmet 6. Scissors, knife 3. or 9. and 5. and 11. or
4. The line for the movie 7. sheets, towels 4. or 10. and 6. and 12. but, and
5. The basketball team 8. brother, sister 5. but 11. or
6. The Sunday newspaper 9. bags, boxes 6. or 12. and Page 18
7. Justin and Arthur 10. Blue, green 1. but 7. and
8. Everyone at camp 11. cars, trucks Page 15 2. or, and 8. and, but
9. The town council 12. Abigail, Bill 1. comb, brush 3. but 9. but, and
10. Our neighbor Mr. Rubin 2. family, I 4. and, but 10. or
11. Making sculptures out Page 11 3. Sharks hunt whenever 5. or 11. and
of clay 1. has been working on a they can, they can go 6. or 12. but, and
12. This diesel engine science experiment a long time between
2. will fly south for the feedings Pages 19 and 20
Page 8 winter 4. choose, pick Answers will vary due to
1. make up 85% of their 3. are building an 5. I went to lie down for a teacher/personal style.
body weight apartment complex minute, I fell asleep on
2. will call her back 4. is giving me a the couch Page 21
tomorrow headache 6. dog, cat 1. It is getting late and I
3. is five years old 5. can sleep through 7. Would you like to go can’t keep my eyes
4. is addressed to you anything together, should we open.
5. are meeting at 3:30 6. could help you with meet there 2. I cannot do my chores
today your homework 8. make, order today, but I will do them
6. is broken 7. will sit in the first row 9. We left early, we got tomorrow.
7. costs nine dollars 8. volunteered to walk the stuck in traffic 3. Courtney entered an
8. renamed the street dog 10. brothers, Jacob essay contest and she
Memorial Parkway 9. have warned me about 11. map, compass won a scholarship.
9. barks at everything losing my retainer 12. swam, got 4. Dale has a brother but
10. is being remodeled 10. are dancing on the he doesn’t have any
11. looks worried about stage in the auditorium Page 16 sisters.
something 11. might work late tonight 1. Penguins are birds, 5. We could have sand-
12. brought a package for 12. am pretending to be they swim like fish wiches or we could have
you and me invisible 2. She tried the door, some fruit.
it was locked 6. I don’t know Doug very
Page 9 Page 12 3. I got paint on my shirt, well, but he seems nice.
1. My Aunt Alice 1. yawned, stretched I need to change 7. We have two parakeets
2. My mom’s car 2. fell, broke 4. I slept for eight hours, and they get along well.
3. slithered, hissed I still feel tired
8. Morgan is my best friend Page 26 Page 31 Page 34
and she lives 1. when, while, after 1. complex 1. I will be mad at you
next door to me. 2. since 2. complex unless you keep my
3. Although 3. compound secret.
Page 22 4. When, As, After 4. complex 2. When Grandpa was
1. Tony had a question and 5. While, As 5. complex a little boy, he lived
he raised his hand. 6. if 6. compound on a farm.
2. I like this one the most, 7. that 7. compound 3. You wait for the clay to
but it costs too much 8. if, how, when 8. complex dry before you paint it.
money. 9. until, unless, after 9. complex 4. Stir the pudding until the
3. Carrie went to the 10. because, when, since 10. compound timer beeps.
dentist and she has 11. unless, until, before 11. complex 5. My sister has a bigger
two cavities. 12. Where 12. complex room because she is
4. Do you play the flute or 13. complex older than I am.
do you play the violin? Page 27 14. compound 6. Although Ethan is short,
5. I put my keys in my 1. While, When he is a great basketball
backpack and/but I can’t 2. When, If, Because Page 32 player.
find them now. 3. When 1. It may be cold today. 7. Hansel and Gretel
6. Spencer is grounded 4. Before, Until We should bring our dropped bread crumbs
and he can’t come to 5. since jackets and gloves. as they walked into the
the party. 6. Although, While 2. No one expected Ian woods.
7. I will bring the game to 7. until to break the record. 8. Since I started
school or you can come 8. If, When I wasn’t surprised. exercising regularly,
play it at my house. 9. because, while 3. Have you been to I have had a lot more
8. I want to be a writer but 10. unless, until Florida before? Is this energy.
Mom wants me to be a 11. that, where your first trip?
teacher. 12. that, because 4. Claudia heard the phone Page 35
ring. She didn’t get to it 1. fragment
Page 23 Page 28 in time. 2. complete
1. unless; Let’s heat these 3. winner, we 5. Sam ate a burrito. 3. fragment
egg rolls 4. tallest, he I had tacos. 4. fragment
2. Whenever; I can take 5. you, it 6. Nathan is tall. 5. complete
your order 8. pool, we Jeff is taller. 6. complete
3. When; take your time 9. ticket, can 7. Did that make any 7. fragment
4. If; call me anytime 11. tall, you sense? Should I 8. fragment
5. until; The picnic was a explain it again? 9. complete
huge success Page 29 8. I invited my whole class. 10. fragment
6. after; Would you please 1. school, I Almost everyone came. 11. complete
help me 2. up, we 12. complete
7. Although; I trust Kelly 3. partner, let Page 33
completely 7. burned, they 1. You can wait downstairs Page 36
8. Before; know what you 11. lessons, Will’s while I change my Answers will vary.
want to say 12. out, we clothes.
14. more, the 2. I need your help Page 37
Page 24 because this box is too 1. R 7. R
1. although 7. When Page 30 heavy for me to carry. 2. R 8. R
2. before 8. because 1. complex 3. After I passed the test, 4. R 10. R
3. unless 9. Before 2. complex I was promoted to the 6. R
4. if 10. after 3. compound next level.
5. until 11. If 4. compound 4. If you have some advice, Page 38
6. because 12. until 5. complex I would love to hear it. Answers will very, depending
6. complex 5. Kevin wants to be a pilot on whether students use
Page 25 7. compound when he grows up. simple, compound, or
1. Before 8. after 8. complex 6. You shouldn’t go in the complex sentences.
2. If 9. until 9. complex pool unless you know
3. Although 10. when 10. compound how to swim.
4. until 11. Because 11. compound 7. Where I went to school,
5. because 12. After 12. compound the students had to wear
6. when 13. if 13. complex uniforms.
7. Unless 14. unless 14. compound 8. We tried to be quiet
while the baby slept.
23-06-987654321

Spotlight Grammar Workbook Compound Comp

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Spotlight Grammar Workbook Compound Comp

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Carolyn LoGiudice and Kate LaQuay

Skill Area: Grammar

Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc.

All of our products are copyrighted to

LinguiSystems, Inc. FAX: 800-577-4555

Carolyn LoGiudice, M.S., CCC-SLP, was a speech-language

Carolyn LoGiudice Kate LaQuay, J.D., became part of LinguiSystems’ extended

Kate and Michael LaQuay

Illustrations by Margaret Warner

Cover design by Jason Platt

• Then, give your students practice, practice, practice.

• Incorporate the grammar concept in both oral and written activities.

The goals of Spotlight on Grammar are below.

• To help students recognize and utilize correct grammar in their

• To boost students’ reading comprehension by understanding the

Carolyn and Kate

1. Charlie likes chocolate ice cream but I prefer vanilla.

2. Are you sure or are you just guessing?

3. Mom made sandwiches and I made fruit salad.

➥ Underline the dependent clause in each sentence.

4. After we get home, we can play ball.

5. Let me know if you can stay for dinner.

6. _____ My favorite jeans.

7. _____ Call me later.

8. _____ All of my friends who live near me.

➥ Re-write and correct the run-on sentences below.

9. We got caught in the rain, we are soaking wet.

10. I can’t wait to start, let’s go!

complete subject complete predicate

➥ Underline the complete subject of each sentence.

1. Many firefighters put out the fire.

2. My best friend gave me a big hug.

3. Your new bike helmet looks nice.

4. The line for the movie went around the block.

5. The basketball team played well in the first half.

6. The Sunday newspaper is always thicker.

7. Justin and Arthur have been friends forever.

8. Everyone at camp earned a merit badge.

9. The town council meets once a month.

10. Our neighbor Mr. Rubin goes walking each morning.

11. Making sculptures out of clay is fun.

1. Sharks’ muscles make up 85% of their body weight.

2. I will call her back tomorrow.

3. My youngest sister, Allison, is five years old.

4. This package is addressed to you.

5. We are meeting at 3:30 today.

6. The zipper on my old backpack is broken.

7. A ticket for the movie costs nine dollars.

8. The city renamed the street Memorial Parkway.

9. Our new puppy barks at everything.

10. The ice cream parlor is being remodeled.

11. Kyle looks worried about something.

complete subject complete predicate

➥ Underline the complete subject of each sentence.

1. My Aunt Alice plays the saxophone.

2. My mom’s car seats five people.

3. The plants in the living room need watering.

4. The smell of scented candles filled the air.

5. My cousin’s operation was a success.

6. A loud noise from the cave startled us.

7. This heavy box is full of books.

8. Those bananas don’t look ripe.

9. Her birthday party is Saturday.

10. Everyone in my group worked together.