Flight Dynamics Project - Gyroscope

Sarellano Reyes Sebastian 1726282

Vizueth Hernández David 1731554
Almaguer Domı́nguez Daniel Antonio 1745052
Salinas Garcia Victor Manuel 1752946
Valerio Hernández Rebeca Berenice 1838333

Flight Dynamics - Group 002 - 17/10/2019

Abstract: The process to obtain the Euler angles of an aircraft using XFLR5
and the testing of this results in a physical system using Arduino.

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROCEDURE
For the purpose of this project it is important to
know a variety of concepts to understand the To start with the second part of the project we
function of this project. First, the flight first used XLFR 5 software to analyze our aircraft
dynamics is the study of the performance, and see its characteristics under certain
stability, and control of vehicles flying. This conditions (listed in section 2.1). Our aircraft is
science uses various methods to study and an Airbus A320, which has a wingspan of 34 m,
comprehend the behavior of aircrafts during a wing area of 131.456 𝑚2 , a mass of 46000 Kg,
flight, in this project we are going to develop a AR of 8.846, tapper ratio of 3.701 and root chord
gyro-kind model which is going to help us to of 6.07 m.
understand the basic movements of an
airplane.
Euler angles provide a way to represent the 3D
orientation of an object using a combination of
three rotations about different axes. For this
analysis we use three frames to describe the
orientation of an object, these are the inertial
frame, aerodynamic frame and body frame.
In this case we will focus in obtaining the angles
of Euler for our aircraft (A320) using XFLR5
software and simulink to communicate with
our Arduino and produce the movement at the Fig. 1. Aircraft A320 represented in XFLR 5
ranges obtained.
Another important aspect to denote is that in 2.1 XFLR 5
real life the shape of the vehicle affects its Using XFLR5 we first created our aircraft to simulate
dynamics, as it is interacting with its medium using the aircraft’s parameters stated before and we
started the simulation under the following conditions:
✓ V = 107.11 𝑚
𝑠

✓ a = 10 degrees
✓ CL = 0.488
✓ CD = 0.024
With these conditions given to the software we started
a stability simulation (-5 to 15) to obtain the stability
Fig. 0. Euler angles derivatives.
Fig. 2. Lateral and control derivatives given by
the stability simulation.
Fig. 3. Inertia-Stability and longitudinal
derivatives.
Fig. 4. State and control derivatives.
After this simulation of the entire aircraft we
simulated each part of the aircraft individually
(wing, rudder and elevator) with their control
surface and different angles (0 to 22 degrees)
and this way we saw in the CL vs a graph at which
angle of the control surfaces we reach its crash
angle which are:
➢ Wing max angle 15, min angle -18
➢ Elevator max angle 20, min angle -20
➢ Rudder max angle 22, min angle -22
Fig. 5. Wing simulation.
Fig. 6. Elevator simulation.
Fig. 7. Rudder simulation.
With these results we concluded that we
should use a max angle of 13 and min angle of
-16 for the wing, max angle of 18 and min angle
of -18 for the elevator and max angle of 20 and
min angle of -20 for the rudder, this to avoid
collapse.
2.2 Simulink
After the simulation of XFLR 5 we proceed to
use Simulink. In Simulink we added a state
space with two blocks placed after and before
it, in the block before the state space we defined
our max and min angles obtained in the
analysis of XFLR5. In this block we ensure that
the input signal should never surpass the values
reported in the previous section (max angle of
13 and min angle of -16 for the wing, max angle
of 18 and min angle of -18 for the elevator and
max angle of 20 and min angle of
-20 for the rudder).
The block after the state space has a similar function,
we performed the analysis giving it an impulse signal
with the max and min values to obtain our max and
min output signal, then we procure to use a smaller
value than those obtained to avoid the surpass of it.
These values mentioned are listed as follows:
➢ For elevator: Theta with max angle of 7 and
min angle of 4.
➢ For wing: pitch with max angle of 7 and min
angle of -7
➢ For rudder: psi with max angle of 15 and min
angle of -10

Fig. 10. Phi plot.

Fig. 8. Simulink simulation.

Fig. 11. Psi plot

Fig. 9. Theta plot.

Fig. 12. Simulink first diagram

 With this data we proceed to use Simulink and
get the range of angles at which our system
can operate applying a step signal and the
results are the following:
➢ For elevator: Theta with max angle of 7 and
min angle of 4.
➢ For wing: pitch with max angle of 7 and min
angle of -7
➢ For rudder: psi with max angle of 15 and min
angle of -10
After getting these values we stablished a
block to get the signal of the joystick, this signal
goes from 0 to 1023 and pass it through a
180/1024 conversion to change the signal to
degrees. Once the signal is in degrees, a matlab
function turns this value to a double type variable
to use it in the state space. Next, another matlab
function is used to establish the maximum and
minimum angle ranges.
Once the signal goes through those functions it
enters the state space. The state space analyzes
the behavior of the value and tend to stabilization
so that the signal is then divided into different
exits, being one of these the angle movement,
where the servo is connected.
The movement of the servomotors is limited with a
max and min range of values where is free to
move, but no exceed.
Fig. 13. Program diagram
4. CONCLUSION
With the results obtained from the simulations
we can see the performance of the A320,
stating a range in angles in which pitch, roll and
yaw can be performed.
A320 is a commercial aircraft so we expected to
get a range of angles with that magnitude so it
can be proved that certain aircrafts are made to
fulfil specific tasks, with this we mean that an
acrobatic airplane cannot be compared in its
dynamics with a commercial aircraft, their
angles vary due their design and is important
when designing to have in mind at which
conditions our system will operate.
5.REFERENCES
L.J. Clancy. Aerodynamics. Pitman Publishing
Limited, London. ISSBN 0-273-01120-0, Section
16.6
Weisstein, Eric W. "Euler Angles." From
MathWorld-
-A Wolfram Web Resource.
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/EulerAngl
es.html