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Fundamentals of Management
GgweG †cÖvMÖvg †Kvm© †KvW: OSMBA-111

Open School

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†gŠwjK e¨e¯’ v cbv
Fundamentals of Management
GgweG †cÖvMÖvg †Kvm© †KvW: OSMBA - 111

cÖ_g cÖKvk: RyjvB, 2019

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ISBN: 978-984-34-2028-2

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BDwbU-1 ii
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Fundamentals of Management

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BDwbU-1 iv
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BDwbU 1 :
e¨e¯’vcbvi cwiwPwZ 1-24
cvV-1.1 :
e¨e¯’vcbvi msÁv, cwiwa Ges cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 2
cvV-1.2 :
e¨e¯’vcbvi D‡Ïk¨, Kvh©vewj Ges e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZgvjv 7
cvV-1.3 :
e¨e¯’vcKxq `ÿZv , e¨e¯’vcbvi Pµ, e¨e¯’vcbvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ 12
cvV-1.4 : e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ ¯Íi ev ch©vq I e¨e¯’vcK, e¨e¯’vcbv I cÖkvm‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ 16
cvV-1.5 : e¨e¯’vcbv wK GKwU †ckv? e¨e¯’vcbv weÁvb bv Kjv? 20

BDwbU 2 : e¨e¯’vcbv ZË¡ 25-44

cvV-2.1 : cÖvPxb hy‡M e¨e¯’vcbv, ga¨hy‡Mi e¨e¯’vcbv I wkí wecø‡ei hy‡M e¨e¯’vcbv 26
cvV-2.2 : AvaywbK hy‡M e¨e¯’vcbv 29
cvV-2.3 : e¨e¯’vcbv gZev‡`i ¯‹zj ev `k©b 32

BDwbU 3 : e¨e¯’vcbvi cwi‡ek 45-66

cvV-3.1 : e¨e¯’vcbvq cwi‡e‡ki msÁv, e¨e¯’vcbv cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb, mivmwi I c‡ivÿ cÖfve
we¯ÍviKvix Dcv`vbmg~n, evsjv‡`‡k e¨e¯’vcbv cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb 46
cvV-3.2 : e¨e¯’vcbv/e¨emv‡qi Dci A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve 51
cvV-3.3 : e¨e¯’vcbvi Dci AvBbMZ, AvšÍR©vwZK I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve 54
cvV-3.4 : e¨e¯’vcbvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z wK †evSvq? e¨e¯’vcbvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡, e¨e¯’vcbvi
mvgvwRK `vwq‡Z¡i gvÎv 59
cvV-3.5 : e¨e¯’vcbvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi c‡ÿ- wec‡ÿ hyw³mg~n 63

BDwbU 4 :
e¨e¯’vcbvq cwiKíbv 67-94
cvV-4.1 :
cwiKíbvi msÁv, cwiKíbvi cÖK…wZ , cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 68
cvV-4.2 :
cwiKíbvi cÖKvi‡f`, cwiKíbvi c`‡ÿcmg~n, DËg cwiKíbvi ˆewkó¨ mg~n 72
cvV-4.3 :
e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZ, †KŠkj I jwRwó· 80
cvV-4.4 :
djcÖm~ †KŠkj Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©mg~n, gyL¨ †KŠk‡ji †ÿÎmg~n, g~L¨
†KŠkjmg~‡ni Dbœqb 85
cvV-4.5 : jwRw÷‡·i ¸iæZ¡, jwRw÷· wba©vi‡Yi wewfbœ c`‡ÿcmg~n, †KŠkj I jwRw÷‡·i Zzjbv 90

BDwbU 5 : e¨e¯’vcbv D‡Ïk¨ 95-110

cvV-5.1 : D‡Ï‡k¨i A_© Ges †kÖYxwefvM, D‡Ïk¨ wKfv‡e cÖwZôv Kiv nq? D‡Ïk¨ wKfv‡e AwR©Z nq? 96
cvV-5.2 : D‡Ïk¨ wfwËK e¨e¯’vcbv, D‡Ïk¨wfwËK e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv, D‡Ïk¨wfwËK e¨e¯’vcbvi
AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vbmg~n 100
cvV-5.3 : D‡Ïk¨ wfwËK e¨e¯’vcbvi myweavejx Amyweavmg~n, D‡Ïk¨ cÖwZôvq cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix
Dcv`vbmg~n 103
cvV-5.4 : D‡Ï‡k¨i DPz wbPz ¯Íi, DËg e¨e¯’vcKxq D‡Ï‡k¨i ˆewkó¨vejx, D‡Ïk¨ wba©vi‡Yi bxwZmg~n 107

BDwbU 6 : e¨e¯’vcbvq wm×všÍ MÖnY 111-126

cvV-6.1 : wm×všÍ MÖnY Kx, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ˆewkó¨, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ 112
cvV-6.2 : wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqv, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi mxgve×Zvmg~n, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y we‡eP¨ welqmg~n 116

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cvV-6.3 : wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi gZev` ev `„wófw½, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †KŠkj ev ZË¡mg~n, e¨e¯’vcbv nj wm×všÍ
MÖnY cÖwµqv 119

BDwbU 7 : e¨e¯’vcbv msMVb 127-160

cvV-7.1 : msMV‡bi msÁv, msMV‡bi ¸iæZ¡¡, e¨e¯’vcbv msMV‡bi bxwZ ev Av`k© 128
cvV-7.2 : msMV‡bi cÖKvi‡f`, AbvbyôvwbK msMVb wKfv‡e m„wó nq? 134
cvV-7.3 : mij‰iwLK msMVb, mij‰iwLK I Dc‡`óv msMVb 137
cvV-7.4 : Kvh©wfwËK msMVb, KwgwU, g¨vwUª· msMVb 142
cvV-7.5 : wefvMxKiY, wefvMxKi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ ev cÖKvi‡f` KZ©„Z¡vc©Y ev ÿgZvc©b, wKfv‡e
ÿgZvc©b Kiv nq 148
cvV-7.6 : ZZ¡veavb cwimi, Kvg¨ ZË¡veavb cwimi wba©vi‡Yi we‡eP¨ welq I †MÖwKDbv‡mi m~Î 151
cvV-7.7 : †K›`ªxKiY I we‡K›`ªxKiY Kv‡K e‡j? KZ…©Z¡ we‡K›`ªxKiY wba©vi‡Yi bxwZ 156

BDwbU 8 : †bZ…Z¡ 161-176

cvV-8.1 : †bZ…Z¡i msÁv, †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸iæZ¡, †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖKvi‡f` ev aiYmg~n 162
cvV-8.2 : †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZvi AvPi‡Yi Dci Abymvix‡`i cÖfve, †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvejx, †bZ…‡Z¡i Av`k©mg~n 165
cvV-8.3 : Kvh©Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi f‚wgKv, †bZ…‡Z¡i ZË¡ 168

BDwbU 9 : †cÖlYv 177-194

cvV-9.1 : †cÖlYvi aviYv , †cÖlYvi ˆewkó¨ , †cÖlYvi ¸iæZ¡ 178
cvV-9.2 : †cÖlYv Pµ , Kgx©‡`i †cÖlYv`v‡bi Dcvq ev †KŠkj 182
cvV-9.3 : †cÖlYvi ZË¡mg~n, evsjv‡`‡ki wkí kÖwgK‡`i †cÖlYv`v‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq ev
c×wZ, †cÖlYvi mxgve×Zv 188

BDwbU 10 : wbqš¿Y 195-205

cvV-10.1 : wbqš¿Y wK? wbqš¿‡Yi ˆewkó¨, wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡, wbqš¿‡Yi c`‡ÿc 196
cvV-10.2 : mdj wbqš¿‡Yi cye©kZ©, ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y KŠkj, ev‡RUxq wbqš¿‡Yi †gŠwjK
c`‡ÿc mg~n I myweav- Amyweav, A-ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y 201

gvbe›Ub I bgybv cÖkœ 206

BDwbU-1 vi