Total Number of Pages: 03 B.TECH PME5D003 5” Semester Regular Examination 2017-18 EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS BRANCH: MECH Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 100 Q.CODE:B489 Answer Part-A which is compulsory and any four from Part-B. The figures in the right hand margin indicate marks, Part - A (Answer all the questions qu Answer the following questions:multiple type or dash fill up type (2x 10) a) The technique Gf ateesicly depend upan a unique phenamenon known as .. a i, polarisation ii, birefringence iii, brittle coating ivy, stress coat Certain class of material such as anisotropic. A circular polariscope .......broad dark isoclinics and gives the Rochon pattem. Avoid il Eliminates. ii, Accept «is the méthod of determining fractional fringe order. Compensation method ii, Calibration method iii, All of the above iv. None of these ) Resistance strain gauge works on the principle of oo... b] +.are Optically ¢ d) f) .is used as a bonding material, 9) A strain gauge reacts to strain only .. to length of wire i Perpendicular ii. Parallel iil Circular lv. Vertical h) There are certain salids possessing permanent birefringence property known as .. 1) Today as much_more sensitive brittle coating known as ...........18 available. i se Coatings are selected on the basis of temp and humidity expected at the Ume of bast In bile Coating.Q2z Answer the fallowing questions: Short answer type (2x 10) a) Whatis state of stress at a point? b) Write down the differential equation of equilibrium in 3D system. ¢) Calculate the thickness of a stressed model so that the polanzed light passing through it break into two components having phase difference of n/2.Wavelength of light is 548nm and refractive indices are n1=1.31 and n2=1.29? d) Explain the state of plane stress with an example. e) Define stress optics law? f) Define gauge factor in strain gauge? g) Whatdo you mean by strain rosette. State its type ? h) Whatis pressure transducer? i) State the function of a backing material. Name them. J) Whatare the advantages of a brittle coating methods? Pi B (Answer any four questions) Q3 a) For the state of stress at a pointis characterised by the components( in (10) 1000 Kpa) o.=12,0,/=4, o2=10, G=3, G2=fx=0.Determine the principal stresses and their directions. b) Explain the term stress invariance and principal strain. (5) Q4 a) Derive the relation between stresses, relative retardation, material (10) fringe value and thickness of photoelastic model, b) What do you mean by wave plate? State its types. Explain polarisation (5) of light with a neat sketch. Q5 a) What do you mean by separation of principal stresses? Explain the (10) shear difference method for separation of principal stresses b) What are the requirements of a ideal photoelastic material? Name (5) some of the materials, Q6 a) Derive an expression for output voltage of Wheastone bridge circuit for (10) strain measurements... b) A rectangular strain gauge rosette is bonded ata critical pointon tothe (5). surface of a structural member. When the structural member is loaded the strain gauge has following readings €,=850pmim,€45=-50umim,€a0= 850um/m The gauge factor and cross sensitivity of the gauges are 2.80 and 0.06 respectively. Find (a) Actual strains (b)Magnitude and direction of principal strains (c)Magnitude of principal stresses.E=200G pa ang poisons ratio=0.285. Q7 a) Explain the use of circular disc specimens loaded in diametral (10) compression for calibration of material fringe value. b) What do you mean by compensation method? Explain types of (5) compensation methods, Q8 a) Derive the expression for state of stress in brittle coating in terms of (10) stresses in the specimen and oropegies of mateQa b| Expain the brittle coating material, Calculate the twa principal stresses in the coating if the principal stresses in the steel specimens are found to be 33.34 Mpa and -13.34 Mpa. Assume for coating E.=1.866Gpa, ic=0.42 and for stee! E.=200Gpa ,p,=0.29 Answer any Three Plane polariscape Isostaics, isoentatics, isoclinics and isochromatics curve Semiconductor strain gauge Tardys method (5) (5x3)L B.TECH. THEORY EXAMINATION (SEM-VIIT) 2016-17 EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS Time ; 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100 Note: Be precise in your answer. In case of numerical problem assume data wherever not provided. SECTION-A Explain the following: 10x 2=20 (a) What do you mean by Principal plane and Principal stresses? (b) ~—- What is null balancing wheat stone bridge circuit? [o} Define stress optic law. (d) State the method of calibrating of strain gage. (e) What are the requirements in selection of Photo elastic materials? (~~ How will you obtain dark and light field in a circular polariscope? (g) Enumerate the various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods? (h) = What is a stress gauge? wi) In what way three dimensional photo elasticity is different from two-dimensional photo elasticity? @) Briefly explain Isochromatic Fringe Patter. SECTION-B Attempt any five parts of the following questions: 5x 10=50 (a) —_ Derive an expression for change in output voltage of wheat stone bridge circuit in terms of the changes in resistances. (b) —_ Explain in detail the working principle and measurement of strains from an Acoustical strain gauge with neat sketch. (c) What in energy absorbed by a system, complementary strain energy and elastic strain energy? Explain these with the help of diagram. (d) What is significance of strain compatibility equation? Write down these compatibility equations. (e) Derive an expression for output voltage of whetstone bridge circuit for strain gauges. Calculate the sensitivity when all the gauges are active. Given R, = 120 ohms, I, =50 mA, Sy =2, tay What are strain rosettes? What are their uses? For a rectangular rosette on a steel specimen ? €, =-600x 10° , €; =300 x 10°, €- =400 x 10°, Determine the principal strains, principal stresses and directions Eysy =210 Gpa. (g) Derive expressions for: (i) minimum and maximum stresses and strains, (ii) angle of principal stress, (iii) shear stress in each casespecimen ? €, =-600 x 10° , €; =300 x 10°, € =400 x 10°. Determine the principal strains, principal stresses and directions Ex. =210 Gpa. (g) Derive expressions for: (i) minimum and maximum stresses and strains, (ii) angle of principal stress, (iii) shear stress in each case SECTION —C Attempt any two parts of the following questions: 2x15=30 3 (i) Why do we require separation? Explain any two-separation techniques in detail. (ii) Explain in detail how stress-freezing technique is employed in three- dimensional Photoelasticity? 4 Explain the following: (i) Ultrasonic testing in NDT and their applications. (ii) | Radiography 5 (i) Explain with necessary equations how isoclinics are eliminated in circular polariscope setup. What are the properties of isochromatics? (ii) Explain any two compensation techniques used in Photoelasticity.Total Number of Pages : 02 B.Tech PME 5D003 5™ Semester Regular Examination 2018-19 EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS BRANCH : MECH Time : 3 Hours Max Marks : 100 Q.CODE : E572 Answer Question No.1 (Part-1) which is compulsory, any EIGHT from Part-ll and any TWO Qi a) c) d) e) 9) i) id from Part-lll. The figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks. Part-I Short Answer Type Questions (Answer All-10) Differentiate between precision and accuracy. How can the accuracy of a diffraction strain gauge be increased? Define resolution. What would be the resolution of a typical high-end modem laserextensometer? List the important advantages of a scratch gauge. The Huggen Berger type of strain gauge is to be constructed for use with the following dimensions: V2 = 80mm, W2 = 100mm, V; =mm, W; =20mmy Lo =100mm, € = 0.001, Determine magnification factor (AL). Should photo-elastic model materials have a high or low value of material fringe constant- justify your answer? Name different types of electrical resistance strain gauge. What is a wave plate? Explain. How many types of radiography used in NDT? What.do you mean by Neutron radiography? Give a brief description about ultrasonic testing. (2 x 10)Q2 a) b) c) qd) e) h) i) i) k) ) Part- Il Focused-Short Answer Type Questions- (Answer Any Eight out of Twelve) Explain in detail with neatsketches the working of mechanical extensometers. Explain the importance of static recording and data logging system also write their any two practical applications? Determine the magnitude and direction of light vector emerging from a series combination of linear polarizer and half wave plate oriented at an arbitrary angle 0 with respect to the plane of vibration of the linear polarizer? What is the necessity of fringe sharpening and fringe multiplication in photo elasticity? Describe the post’smethods for fringe shamening and fringe multiplication. With the help of neat sketches explain the function of each component of a Circular Polariscope with both dark and light field arrangements. Explain static flux method and Dye-etching method used in crack detection in brittle coating. What is poison’s ratio mismatch? Explain how significance of poison’s ratio mismatch effect isexamined. Also explain why the effect of poison’s ratio mismatch is often neglected in analysis of mostmetallic components Discuss the procedure to be used to install a coating stresses and strains. List out failure theories for brittle coating and explain any two of them. Discuss the fundamental properties of Moire's fringes and explain how the strain analysis is carried outwith this method? Explain with a neat sketch of acoustic emission technique. Explain the normal and oblique incidence methods as applied to Birefringent coatings. How these methods help in separating the principal stresses? (6 x 8)Q3 Q4 Q5 Qé6 Part-lll Long Answer Type Questions (Answer Any Two out of Four) Explain measurement of strain due to torque on a circular shaft using two electrical resistance strain gauges. Why should the gauges be placed at 45° to the shaft axis? Sketch and indicate the gauge position on the shaft and in the circuit. Use the Wheatstone network is temperature compensation achieved? Explain in detail the working principle and measurement of strains from an Acoustical strain gauge with neat sketch. Explain with necessary equations how ‘soclinics are eliminated in circular polariscope setup. Whatare the properties of is chromatics? Using a Delta Rosette as shown in figure, the strain measurement at a point on a steel specimen is obtained as ¢, = 500 um/m, ¢, = 380 pm/m while &, = 200 um/m. Determine the following : i) 6,,6,andy,, ii) Principal strains and their directions ili) Maximum shear strain and its plane. Use E =200GPa and v =0.286 ec Subtended angles are all 60° (16) (16) (16) (16)Registration No: Total Number of Pages ; 02 M.Tech P2MDCC10 2™ Semester Regular / Back Examination 2018-19 EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS BRANCH : MACHINE DESIGN, MECH. SYSTEM DESIGN Max Marks : 100 Time : 3 Hours Q.CODE : F432 Answer Question No.1 (Part-1) which is compulsory, any eight from Part-ll and any two from Ql a) b) c) d) e) 9) h) i) dD Part-lll. The figures in the right hand margin indicate marks. Part- | Only Short Answer Type Questions (Answer All-10) What are the material used for resistance typ strain gauges? Define strain sensitivity and gage factor? State and difference between plane stress and plane strain problem. State advantages of metal foil strain gage over bonded wire strain gage. Explain the stress optic law. Name the differentr material used in brittle boating method. State two method of separation of principal stresses in two. dimensional photoelasticity. Explain refference array in Moire fringe technique. What is the method of compensation in photo elasticity analysis method? Whatare isocline and isochromatics? (2 x 10)Q2 b) c) d) 9) h) i) i] k) » Part: I Only Focused-Short Answer Type Questions- (Answer Any Eight out of Twelve) (6x 8) Explain potentiometer circuit for strain measurement. What are strain rosette? Give the configuration of star and delta strain rosette. What is meant by null balance and why it is needed at the beginning of the experiment? Explain the use of monochromatic and white light in photoelastic experiment. Discuss the advantages and limitations of brittle coating method. Explain the use of plane polariscope. Explain the circular polariscope? State parameters for consideration fora good photoelastic material. What is reflection polariscope? Explain Explain the Frozen stress method of 3D photoelasticity Expalin the use of semiconductor strain gauges Explain the Grid method of strain analysis.Q3 Q4 Qs Q6 Part-lll Only Long Answer Type Questions (Answer Any Two out of Four) Readings of a strain rosette are : >= 600 x 10°, e45=-150 x 10°, ey9= 250 x 10°. Find the magnitude and direction of principal strains. Also find the principal stresses. (Take E= 205 GPa and v=0.3). Explain the WSB circuit used for strain measurement, and derive the expression for the gage factor and gage sensitivity. Also explain the provission of temperature comensation in the same circuit. Discuss the geometric approach of Moire fringe strain anlysis. Describe the approach to measure normal strain and shear strain using the Moire-fringe effect. Explain the brittle coating method for strain and stress analysis. Also explain the callibration method. (16) (16) (16) (16)