TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE GUIDELINES‘Table of Contents Page No. Page No. Foreword i 21.7 Nimehong Rabsel 16 Acknowledgement i 22. Shamig (Ekra) 0 Introduction 23. Shoma "7 ‘Traditional Bhutanese House Chapter 3 Window and Door 18 Chapter 1 Roof 1 3 Payab Window 18 11 Roof Types 2 32 Geykar Window 20 LLL Gable Root 2 33 Mago 2 112 Hip Roof 2 1.13 _Leanto Roof (Chenkhep) 3 (Chapter 4 Kachhen and Zhu 2 12 Roof Features 4 41 Kachhen 2 121 Jabehi Root 4 42 Zw 23 122 Jamthog Roof 3 123 Lang-a0 Roof 6 (Chapter §Tazt 25 13, Decorative Elements 7 ‘Chapter 6 Cornices 26 13.1 Serog 7 24. Proportion ofcomices 28 132 Gyaltshen 8 25. Norbu Bagam 30 133 Gangghar 8 (Chapter 7 Shambarnang 31 Chapter 2 Rabsel 9 Chapter 8 Kemar 3 21. Rabsel Types RB Conclusion 3 2.1” Pop Rabsel R Credit for Photographs 3 212, Rebs Gcthan Ting Nyim 12 References 3B 213 Lobur Rabsel "Nomenclature of tational 214. Boedgnand Gyesag Rabel 3 Bhutanese architectural elements M 21.8 Drey-zhu Rabsel 4 Pemissibilty of waditional 2.16 Gomang Rabsel 15 elements in contemporary buildings 35.41FOREWORD Modem Bhutan is directed towards its development goals by nine guiding principles conceived through the vision and foresight ‘of His Majesty the King. One of these principles is the "Preservation of Traditional Art and Culture". Our long period of isolation and late entry into the sphere of socio-economic development has offered us the opportunity to examine the successes and failures of other nations and to leam from these examples. We have realized thatthe key to maintaining our sovereign and independent identity is the preservation of our unique traditions and culture. With is small size and population, Bhutan does not have the potential to become a political or an economic force but she dacs have the potential to become a cultural foree.. We are one ofthe last places on earth where ancient traditions are sila way of modem life But those traditions are being seriously threatened by the inundation of modem ideas and space-age technology. The dilutor celfects are most visible in our houses. The import of modem materials and labor, the dependence on modem technology, ignorance of waditional Bhutanese architecture andthe shrinking numberof artisans have all contributed to the deterioration of ‘ur traditional building styles and practices. Efforts have been made to promote and inconporate traditional architecture with ‘modem construction methods and materials bu results have not been encouraging, primarily due to the absence of any formal ‘uidelines, Bhutanese arts and crafts in general and architecture in particular have always been informal ats. While formal school for certain arts and crafts have now been established, unfortunately architecture and building skills are still taught or {ear informally through ora instruction and on-the-job training. This book has been published as an attempt to revitalize a fading art in addition to the documentation én Traditional Architecture published in 1993 by the Department of Works and Housing. It sims to acquaint readers with the correct structure and organization of traditional architectural features and to provide guidelines in their usage in various types of buildings. This guideline will form the basis for further research into the area of Bhutanese architecture and will be revised periodically o be ‘more dynamic t adapt othe contemporary needs. [sincerely hope that this book will serve both as @ record of our historical achievements and as a guide to our future generations. I humbly dedicate this book to our beloved King, His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, for the visionary leadership he continues to bestow on the Bhutanese people and for isting in us the value of our culture and the importance of its preservation Chios Deputy Minister Ministy of CommunicationsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “The Department of Urban Development and Housing would like to express its extreme gratitude to all individuals and “organizations whose contributions made possible the publication of this book “Traditional Architectural Guidelines” ‘We ate partculrly thankful to Mr. Namgay Retty, Architect, SPBC, who undertook the laborious task of compiling most ofthe information and photographs/illutrations and transforming them into the form ofthis book. ‘We acknowledge the contributions of Dasho Karma Gayleg who provided us with most of the explanations and Karma Galay, Architect, who helped with editing. Finally, we would like o thank DANIDA for their generous financial asistance in organizing the workshop which brought artisans and ideas together to form the hess of this book.INTRODUCTION History has told us that the incursion of industraliztion and modernization has often taken over centuries old traditions and cultures in many counties. In Bhutan such influences can be observed in the border towns and in the urban areas where ‘modemization and industrialization has encroached ito our rich and vibrant traditional values and cultural heritage. The Royal Government of Bhutan, sensing the danger of losing traditional values and culture, has taken steps to preserve and promote the kingdom’s distinctive identity. In the early 80's the National Urban Development Corporation was established with the mandate to promote the architectural heritage of the kingdom. Unfortunately ous isan oral society where many of our traditions have been passed down verbally. Also with our traditional craftsmen being most iterate, there was generation gap between the traditional architects and the trained modem architects, In order to bridge this gap, the Department of Urban Development and Housing. arranged a three-day Workshop in Thimphu to discuss on the theme “Traditional Architecture inthe Light of Emerging Contemporary Trends”, and to develop a guideline, particularly regarding architectural hierarchy and entitlement (thopshang). Due to the vastness ofthe subject, many important Issues could not be covered, and these were later discussed in a smaller group of architects and decision makers. This guideline has been developed based on the recommendations ofthe workshop. An atiempt has been mede to document the unique styles and features of traditional Bhutanese architecture. It is hoped that this book will serve as a guide to scholars, architec, engineers and builders and as an inspitation for further creativity and growth, Emphasis is placed onthe organization of traditional features, their modes of construction, entitlements (chopthang) and minimum requirement of traditional features depending on the type of building. ‘This book should not be perceived as # definitive treatise onthe origins and significance of traditional Bhutanese architectural features. Inthe absence, or the ignorance, of historical texts regarding traditional architecture, i is nether possible nor proper for us to provide our present day intexpretations of age old traditions. Instead, we hope that this publication will stimulate further research ino the area of Bhutanese architecture that still remains largely untouched and unknown, Further, it must be emphasized that this book cannot and should not be ued in isolation. Structural stability must be given equal or greater importance than architectural aesthetics which is made even more critical due to our country's locaton on a sensitiveszismie zone. Therefore, this book should be used in partnership with existing guidelines such as the Bhutan Building Rules and other generally accepted Codes and Standards Note: Replication of traditional architectural features through painting shall not be permitted. Traditional painting on architectural features as per entitlement shall be mandatory.‘TRADITIONAL BHUTANESE HOUSE, Bhutanese houses apart from the Dzongs, monasteries, temples and bridges have a distinct character from those of other “Himalayan countries. Most houses are relatively spacious and take advantage of natural light and because ofthe steep tera, fare usually built as scattered houses or in clusters rather than in rows. Timber, stone, clay and adobe bricks are typical ‘construction materials, Family residences are frequently three storeyed with room for livestock on the ground floor, storage and sometimes living quarters on the second floor and on the third floor living quarters and a shrine. Between the third loor and the roof an open space is usually kept for open-air storage. Boulders over lath are used to hold down wooden shingles on the roof Ever since Bhutan lied its poliey of self imposed isolation, the country has witnessed unprecedented changes in brief span of time, This was primarily due o rapid economic growth and modemizaton which has resulted ina gradual erosion of traditional ‘waye and values of life which one day may lead tothe disappearance of Bhutan's unique architecture, specially inthe growing, urban towns. ‘The following chapters will attempt to explain the taditional architectural elements, entitlement of architectural elements (hopthang) and guidelines on compromised thopthang for contemporary architecture. It is considered inthis report that traditional erchitecture must adjust to changing neods and conditions in order to retain its power and beauty.1 ROOF 1m rational Bhutanese architect the root fate and associated lements sgnifed Nerarecal order and one's satus In solely. The Toot features are Jabzhi Jamnog and Lung-go and assocated slements are Serfog. Gyaltsen, and Gungcha. ‘The moet cermon train Shutanee root i a gable root, which consis cf a heaw pindple beam xnown “as Gungennon Gungotnang, and Lungeoy (refer Mustraion-01) Suxpored by 8 series of vial posts known 98 Shar, Shavhurg, Unvohung and a. In the middle and at the rar of the house, the Cingt ‘upper’ on raised rammed earth known 6 Chao. Over the ‘incite beams, the Tsim (afters) are placed, on wich the ‘Bhangchung ering batons) ae lad wy closely. wach ae in th fastened tothe Tai aes), ‘Shingep (timber singles) ae aon te Dhangchung she in tee (four ayes and hed down by stones over the lat ractonal ot Dicnes are 12 to 1S cegrees Peon pte lth Largo un contin1.1. ROOF TYPES. 4.4.4 Gable Roof ‘This the eter wactional oo Is the mos feasible form of root to {nih win mber shingles, But is also sutable for ary oer type cf rooting mater ‘The gable rots perissibie on any struct. 414.2 Hip Root. ‘Te hipped root isa new form of reofing galing great popularity in Bhutan wi the advent cf new materiale ke corrugated thest end reating es, This typeof roots permis on any svete Pho 11 ura wm Geo, 38- Gogh poly wt Ho (BSP i BST sry inate SPOS Es)414.3. Lean To Roof (Chenkhep) ‘The Chonkhap rot isa ear rot usualy bil at agate endo brotect the suctre rem ral. Treiorally i's only loved en buldngs with Jamfog’o Lung go root. Like the Jemthog, the ‘Chontap enabies one fo achove an ecoromle rote srt ‘roudes prctecton fo tiber members ram ran. [AChenkep rote pemissibie on al ype of bling eto 112 - Pita fam Bantry ry. The ‘eu nove ar Shoe tons et. Tae ‘Sosmtare sn cn Cnes4.2 ROOF FEATURES 424 Jabah Roof “Tee Labzh rot i a square later type structure with pitch oo, which Is usualy placed en mann rot er en anther larger Joba known 3 ‘iabon Woome ower Jebzh), Tedtionay the Jabs oot e pated Yalow, nae canngs of mycal bigs of anmals Ike the Jechrurg (Garwia) ox Crnusing (algo) and Is tamed with a special eave Board known ‘88 Cihuzarcthueg Accong to. Zowu (radtonal penta) Thu fem Tale Jabs normal donot have windows end ‘amices, he adtion of which appear obs a recent development. 1 Jaban root nas to nave a Seng. The Jabzh roof must be ocorated ‘wih @ Jochhung (Garuda) or Chusin (agar). end CChnvzanchulog and uch decorations are pormisasie only cn DDeongs, Menastros, Temples and on Royal bulngs as ths oof form Ist highest root harry. [A Jabchi oot Is therefore not permissible on residertial end Commercial builirgs. With specal permission from the Competnt ‘aterty t may be slowed on cari intkonal bulge with a Jaloh Wooma Gatun. In-'sich cases. minimum required comices shall be fray 424 Toeidtarg Us ah pt ct Incorporated above te latch windows, Shoe Beer ne Pe 8 ey 1A Jabzhi root with a Gungdhar may be permitted cn Minit Tecidenoes witht the carvings of myles! Bras or Churharcnnulog {and witout te yelw painting Note: pitch of ether than a square shaped ones nota bz1.22 Jamthog Root. ‘This is anaes spel feature of he rot and compres rasea gable ‘oot over he man able fot of tame length. Hiatal ie eld tat to nave a vain fol, one had o be asrior Govt ofa ora person righ social ranking. The Jamtog may be over a half gabe roo! a8 Ihatated in photo 12 2b ol” asin photo 12-2. According Wo Zot Taher fom TawuLe, Punakha, wadtenally a bull wih Droy-2hu Faso! pies at & was erie oa Jaminag rot Trachenally no windows or coves wer prowced under the Jamthog, Pct 1228-Fam hs arti pete Dey sn Fae Pra 1220- Aner amt th a oop ‘The Jamthog root Is permissible on residetia. commercial and Inataional buldings that have two o mare streje The vara fot ray be allowed tc have windows between the roofs without comices above1.2.3 Lung-go Root. ‘The Lung-go oi alo a raleadrct ke te Jamthog but doesnot etend 10 the ful eng of te man oo. A Lung-o rot can be gable ended or hipped ike the Jamthog stl ft had Elerestory windows. According to ado, the eriloment of Lng. 99 Is srlar to damthog trough this type of roo! i now found al ber eruzan o farm bulangs ‘A Lunggo roo is permissible onal types of bulngs under the sbict guidance of Bhutan Bulng Rule. To achive bei gpace tity, pan clerestory windows maybe allowed between the roots ‘wie comiens above Ih 1236 spe Bsr Wh Lan ca 2.0- Te Ot agape show Ting ment wih Lee et 12313, DECORATIVE ELEMENTS 134 Sortog. “he Sartog i the highest archtectural tomert placed on Czangs, Monadtres ané Royal Buildngs. The Sofog eval placed on labret ether dancng ona Norbu Bapam ron a srs wih 1 Kemer band cron a seucure wih windows faly Reorported wi taditonalcoices (Phagna, Bog, Chostseg Pena, Nobu Baga, NousHorzhu and Dhurg). Tho Seriog sao sean on th Joba of ‘8 Lhaihong(monaston) that houses very sacred rales ‘The Soro is permissible only on Dzongs, Royal Bulaings and on Monastenes rp 1. Chr Rol Paons Seep see de 3. < Mh Cat tng Say on te Jato The (Seton utp same clos zeny132 Gyaltshen “Te Gyatshen a ‘Vieory Bonne” le the socond highest architect! foment placed on the roct of Dzongt and Monasteries. Histocaly, the jyatahen wae pemied ony In Menastres that had 110 volumes of Kany, 240 volumes of Teryur and other very sated ‘Kusung Thuk Ten”. The Gyatshen was aso allowed ia structure had a Kemer band Ireapetve of tof fate. However, tvs Thopthang(entlomert) has boon great misused as lustate in te proto 1 3.23, ‘Tre Gystshen is permissible oly on Dzongs. Monastry, Royl Bulings and Inttuonal Butane. eo 1.228. charging wy pon Te stn wl pvr alee Sing etre th han an Gn eo 1920 tg was ty uo sem brat Mt date Caan hele tit tone a mates ats ang scree Setaneel te eter bn ant yt, 13.3 Gungdhar 'A Gungder's a wht fg win ue, yellow a red srs, which is places Cn te rot. Trains a he houses were perited te have ore wihout the Fela Aron In place of Red ena Khoro a bunch o leaves were Used: The Fb and Khoro were permitted ann Bulange whieh had at least 9 volume of Domang or Geytoum or on a house havg 2 Jamin, ling Ge or lth roo ‘A Gungdhar wih Rell and Koro is now permissible on any buldng.2 RABSEL ‘Te Rabee is timber stucire constructed with a seis of vertical ard hoxzrtal Umber memere with Sham (eta) infil panes rd ‘Wwonsows (refer to Mustralon-01, The Ratso projets ext of he man Lupertnctre. and ees cn the gicund floor joists krown 9s ‘Teechukbanymtangna. The. Teechikhanyin (eanteveres i) le suppementec with Pecna ana Dhung or Gheasag. Pac and Chung. ‘The Ransol wil always have comices ( Phagna, Boon, choose. edie anc Dhung) The Rabsel can be continuces ~ covering the hola facade ofthe bung or brokan nto mali unite known 36 {Lobur Rateo!(Mustraton-O4 1 ret mandatory 16 have shomig bese the LourRatsel as lng asthe unis nly find to the man sipersrucure. The alferent types of Fadse! wil be cussed ‘Subsequent sections. Tradtonaly the windows used with the Rabsol were Horgo or Gyosargo ot Boodgo (taro subheading 21.4) ‘The Ravsar canbe single or doube tire. can ago be supplements by Dreyahy components orale he aril nirness. Pra 22- Std wih Ratz! ethan Tappan yh a any Gop [A sre tier Ronee, wheter supplemented by Dry-2hu or rot, must project out rom the wall sting on te Tsochakhanyin and must have rrinmum cornices athe top. (fer chap: 6)In a double ter Rab th seco te wl stat frm the Bogh ofthe lames Rabsel end must nave minimum comics atthe tp. ' bvy-2h ie use thas to be onthe rs tir Rabo ‘The basic prindpals described above apy to all pes of Rabse| hcept on Gomang Rabeel ‘The dierent ypes of Radso! ae a8 fons: ‘Par Radse. Rabo! Go-stinarThognyin. Lobur Rats! Gyesargo Ratsol Bcedyo Rabse aE Dray Zhu Fase La} Gomeng Rats Nimetong Rabso! hescirgs a, 20 Maen of ass tr Rae! Coch Thepn ancas rw Ie. 26 Ott ata chan Tp what Day Pe 2A fm alga op ann Pa Raney ee These Ratsls wil be ascused Indavaly under ter {Sa fae sae[= Nimchong Rabel aber Rael Ie. 2 Babe sry arg chong bn aba abot Phot esp aan en Oy 2 angina ag bg)242 Rabsol Types Parop Rabsel. “The eign of ts Rabo (phot 2.118 ssid to be the Pao vale. n pinopie 118 the same a8 normal Radse! excep the wincow 8 MDE Sled as shown in the photo (git) I also called Parma go than, Tes tpe of Rabsol enables the designer fo acieve greater room righ Prop Radsel is permissible cn ary buling provides al the requires ‘radtona architectural elements ae repeated corey. go 2114 - sang nt fried he Pane cin ape an a tpn Rabsel Go-chham Thognyim. “Tis type of Rab! eho mest popular form sed al over Bhutan. The constction tectnology and permiesbiy Is he sare as Pie above. ‘mentones Rabea! “This Rats! is now more of leas the archetypal form, I requires Ieee tinbern omparieon wath Parcp Rabeo!. ‘This ype of Rasa is permissibe onal buldings.243 244 Lobur Rabs “Theis the name ofa smaler unt of Ransal that coos cover te| etre Tagade of @bullng. The consvucten and the architectural Seals are seme. as ch Rabsol and it's permissible on ny buldngnespecve of number cf storeys ng 2138- Cocapal ng domton Born Ltrs! incr co Toler Roba Boodgo and Gyesargo Rabsel. ‘Tese to types of Ratso were used in the mediva architecture of ‘Bhutan and they ca Be sean on some bulge oven today. Usualy fen such Rabes! Shome panels were used 8 inl betwoen the mbar frames 0.2148 shan ome ary wi, Syne Rabe a (oie deg uth Sty an The aference between the Gyesargo (photo. 2.148) end Boadgo (photo 2.148) are the ozs of window epaning, tho Thrangcok andthe Fong. Nowadays these types of Rabsel are nt commonly constructed However if someone wshes to ieoporste sich etetetural ments ‘hoy are permed, provded they adhere to tralional permis (hoptrang)Bewdyo Habsel as ph wedewsl i Horn. 2.4.8 Drey-zhu Rabsel This ie 9 Rabsel_ supplomected by members of Dreyzhu TeechukhanyiniLengna to nereaee atcecural riches s8 shown Fo the tusraton 21.58. Tho srape ofthe Zhu na Drey 2h is aerent tom the Zh used on Kacnhen (proto 4.1a). Ts arctectral etal permissible co any type of buting more than one storey righ which Fas Rabse!2.1.6 Gomang Rabsol CGamang Ratsol (photo 2.1.62 and 2.1.8) is a Rabea! with many ‘openings. Tractonal this is only seen on Ozongs and Monasteries. SGomang Rats wil always have. Nyinkhep wit) carved Lane-che ‘words or pangs of auspicious offerings. Blocks of Nortu Baga Dry-2hu or Teachukhanym suppor the Gomang Rabeol may Be single sereyed armors ‘A Gorang Rabse isnot permitted on resident, commercial end insttatonabullings Peto 21.8 Tt Gong Fae et Trg nrg pt wr rt ‘ae ‘Placa 180" Gory ase bya ham Cay Soon ey2.4.7 Nimchong Rabsel Nimchong (hole 2.7) Melly means a Sunroom. tis a type of enclosed. baleary ether supported on Teochusharyim or on ‘Busnne er bull ver the proud for with comes A Nimecheny may also have Taz! between he vrial posts There appear o be ame confusion Between te Ninchong andthe Gomang Fabsal as the funcbore ara smear wih common arcetura laments such 38 Bogh, Phapna, Pedna, Chostseg. Chung. Jugshing and Thangetok bag used. In some cases bot ee supported by ‘Teochukharyim. However, 2 Nincton is never supported by & Doy-2hu and wil not havo a. Nipmektop. it sapparod by Toochukanyim W canlovers cut ‘Rnother featre ie the mAb coors behind the abso) found ‘only in Gomang Rabsel, ‘Nimchongs are never bull in vers and. dented, can be ‘supported larly by Kachin o kano athe ground ovel, ‘Nimcnong Patol is pomissile on any butsngs 2.174 Cy ene a yon22 23 ‘Shamig (Ekra) ‘The Shag panes an element, adkonall bul wth mud platter over a'tamoo mat neared between tmber frames (phto 223). Shamg andl arealso know as era hen this det ie cepieatod with madem materi, the shape of Zurn. hu, Lerthug and dak must be portrayed propery. Shama may esque or vercaly rectangular but never horzorady rectangular: Pht 220th mang Shang ‘Shoma. It isthe name given tothe timber pane wed in pace of shamnig in oft houses3 WINDOWAND DOOR 3 Payab Window. “he Payab is window that ie embedded in the wal, but ha few trzdtonal decorate components thas Dhung, Peoma, Chong, Bog ard Zergshing lusraton 31a) on the man window frame or has Zimchung and Bogh with Zangshing (photo 310). At times Paya windows ere found with shame on the sides and in such casos Trrangetoxsheud be provided between the Math and But hon. In Payab windows. Bogh, Chootso9 and Pedma” are cited, only Zimcnung sed between Zangshing and window Kame (pte 318), Payad windows are of two types one is of double Hoyo ype (Glusaton 18 and b) and aes a Bowdoo type (iustaion 3c) In both cates Horang is incorprated, wit Tabepey somolims placed Dnween te Jughing ana MatPom (shoo 3.1) Teg Sie Bodo Pad‘ozing oc Hou ste curves met used at he head ofa trastena window. The Horzing win Lugo (Gro 8.1) and Chrujug Pate (ghoto ‘3'a) wero recaved for uso in Dzengs, Monasteries and Royal Bulangs ~ Pte 3.1 Haring with Lago Pa nen Payab windows ate used on bulangs without a Rasa i nt ‘equred to Incorporate Bop? Phogna and Tsactushanyin. Ths type of ‘srchtecture is permitied on two storey buldings ely. However, C8 {ype of erustre eal not be Permited In iben areas Placing tne Bagh cect on the window rae snot permed. has to be ether sunpored by Zimchang over te window fame or by the ‘nung and Pedi. Ar optional featur Ise Chooisog. Payab windows with shamigis not permitted without Dhurg, Poca and Bog (Chetseg is option), Pho, Hering it Ch Patra 3.1 £ Recommended proprio of Horsing fe sorters builings32 “The Hog featre must be applied to all windows. The Lugro and Chnjug Para ae permssiole one so dstes, ToinconerateJugshing ot Tehogy on window isnot mancstory ma To notes its acter snes the Pyab window can be rad fume wii Pecma and. Choetseg (86 shown In proto 3g) nade the Teint eer te 3.ig Lining of Pedra ial and Choe Goykar Window. “The Geykar is a rectangular window erbeded inthe wal (photo 328) wih oF without corices and Herzing but wih Zangshing. Generally ‘Goykar openings a narow and tal, cviged Into two of mor layer “The Herzing sedis placed inthe vison Plain Geykar wits comices and Horan) fs permitted ony on store sndioiets Geykar wth Bagh, Pedma and Dhung is parmited for habitsbie roams were srctitecturs riches ie o be sceved In such cases Goykar Used on he lowes loro the ullang Gaykar openings spould be narower than Paya windows and wil ot have ugshingIn place of Jugshing. Blather used »33 ‘Mago ‘Mago means ain erzance door ofthe buidra, which has Ohung etina, Choetseg and Bog When a Mago i placed nex to windows ‘omices ae proved te match wth window comes, Provision of Sengay Karm (Snow Lion hese can ove the Bagh ely occursin the Dzongs and Monasteries. ‘Te Mago carne be placed directly unde the Bogh without a Zimehung cr Pacman Dhing. Serhne m thcne 2ch ma 9 ee bg Se | fat, 330 nak Lge Laan tn Sacer ce Eagan. te Hse Om a ha bean Carn fe ot a he ‘Ste cation ew re cyrg tan eg wc ema a ‘Srey a ts fa te Be ee et ‘According to the Zopen, a Dhung is never placed over Poca, Choetseg ot Zinchung ety. When Dfung's used thas ost on he ‘Soorrame flowed. by Padma or Pear, Choeteog, Bog nd Zangshing a4 KACHHEN AND ZHU 4a Kachhen. | Kachhen ie te tine column that i tered and has dint ‘Kechnan head and Rap (peta 41a) separated byline of Choyin. (rosary bead). Tradlonaly' the Kachhon was teund. in Ozo09¢ Monasteries and Royal buildings. Mey ae very art found in rdng.Heat—} esdertal budings However, recent ies the use of Kachin 9 Gommerdal bulings and oxdnary Reuses hes become very common ‘There se thee common shapes of Ksctinenfoundin BUSA Cheyin + 2) Square Kaconen (onto 4.10) Octagonal Kachnen (ahaa 41) an 2} Twole sided Kachhion (to 46) Kactiren a) ard (0) are ost commonly used al over the cout. ache (is usaly found ld monasteries ard Dzorss The use of Kachhen is now permitted" nespecive of feaisenis, — commorcisl or Insttalonl bulcngs In commercial tuings whee 29 ‘cade le bull, iis mandstery Bronde Kochhion and Zhy except bn bulings| ‘exigned a rote42 Zhu ‘Tiss a tinber bracket shaped ikea bow and reduess he length of beam to ntease the lod bearing canal, The Kachiton Zho i ‘fore rom te Zn ead on he Dey ‘There are no sit les as to the ype of Zhu one can use on & Baricuar sructure. Tis depends ently on ihe eaboratenass ofthe ‘Scjaceterchtextural loments However, the shape and proportions ‘must be maintines Ifthe Zhu is uso wih the Kachon, Dhurg, Pedi or and Choateeg and Tsochusnaryi mastfolow i Sometimes a double layer of Bog is ain pace of Tsechukhanyin, ‘whieh Iso permissible, a Photo 428- The ai of he rosing Zn, Dhan nd eda the comer Isis Shoul oa ikea pot 425Zhu can be simpiies sccraing to the spacing of the columns oF ‘according to the Sorficance of the stucure. The Zhy sown in Photo ‘4251s more abort han te Zhu shown In Photo 42e. The semplest fom of 2nv pemable on 8 buldng isthe ore shown in Photos 4234s. The gure 42 shows th sop of snpiyng to Zhuo sut he purpose [ihe tucks ofthe Zhuis determine by the thickness of he Dung. Isler equal tit rsh bigger. The engi of te ful Zhu usually 5 times te depth pos the Pines ofthe coum However, te length of the Zhu eae reticted by the epacng ofthe column Puts dope snot ary5. TAZI Thies the name given toe baleony wth trating rang. Taz may or may not have Tshegey, {ez 's permissible on any butcing depercng onthe functions ofthe baling I.can be used between the Kawo ofthe baer that i suppodting the roof sre \Winen Tari i replicated wit bricks or RCC the detaing should be carted out atl Photo Sa shows the Ta th Teh nd Pho Si othe Tap: Both ae mite,6. CORNICES vinta (eteritustation-0), ‘These comices may e used in dierent combinations to scie ‘atan Ferrey and astnetc ook. ‘Comice Requirement on a Bullding |Bogh and Phagya are not mandatory ona ingle sery buléng hat has only Paya windows. (ona single sory shamig (era) bung ether two layer of Boch wih {hiker Bognop mey be lai er ane layer of Bagh and Phog ne CComices are permissibie on a bulsing hat has only Payad windows ‘ands more tan one sore. Minimum césrices requirement on 8 bulding with Rabsel are Pho op. Phog-na, eve ‘ayer of Bagh (up to two eorey, more then to store two layers of Boh is requred) Podia and Drug onthe Rabe! and Tsochukanyim, Pedra and hung athe baton, F006 - the temic 8 Garg Fate. kang er ‘fe Php hep, Pro Cham. Beh Cte. Pa hob Bap evra and bung ‘The full comices onthe Ratee would be Phap-khep, Phag na, Cham, Bogr, Chessog. edms and Ding. At the botor of the Rabel are Tsechusnany, Choetseg, Petra and Jang-Ohung 26To achieve the arctectural richness on @ adsl ene can acd layer of Bogh Chosisog and Orey-2h, (na single abso! (ig) Langns and Cry-Zhu ae acd bow the Teechukhanyn's Dhung to rerease the architectural fennes. I such cases fhe camices on the Rabso! shadd be Dhung. Peame, cole layer Bogh, Phar and Phep-ep. However, double tered Rabsol 'Susud ona bung as shown inte. 2 ton Langna, roy-2u wl be atiached to the botiom member and couble Bagh t= proses etwoon the two layers of abse and on the top the crrces wil be ‘Same asonsigle Rast. nls 2 Droy Zhu is orted ‘Omission of ayer cf Bog ee Phog-na is posable only on single end ‘doubje ser baling. (on the comices below the Jatzh root Neyou Bagam and Norbu rh rey beemited reer ene of them mey be used Tsechuthanyim cannot be omited fom a Rabsel_ Also t is not permtad 0 eI as & decorave element wiht a Rabsol as shown InPreto be.ray zu i nek pormited between double ers Rebs. (On a commercial buling of more than three storeys ‘wih Keeton Inthe ground flor and a Rabsol onthe econ ana third for, theft lor wall mus not bear fry roglcabon of eta atwugh the wal shall ard on ‘he Tsecraryi athe tt fo eve Ifthe abl is only onthe hire er ethr wit lan or Drey-ahi Rabosl the frst and second oer may nat have elea caccrg atheugh k may be sanaeg on ‘Teeehuananyn ate is toe ove However, susessive foore are projected out with ‘omices then Shang shall be rove on al. In such ‘cases the Toeehuthanyim would be rowed erly a the st or eve, ‘Shamig (ota) cladding on replicated Rebs Is not ‘mandatory Proportion of cornices, with of Bogh eb then thiskness of Bagh eis plus 25mm. Minimum prjecion of 8090 equal tb and ‘mann 3 Minimum spacing b between these Bogh i 1.78b and rmacmn 2. ‘he prolection cof he Dung ad Poca is normally eal too ‘Ta minimum size of the Bagh for Rabsel shall be ‘Hoxt4dmm and mem 150x175Ren *“he sz0 of Bogh for Peyab windows shall be 110x136 minimum ‘212580 mam, Projection of the Boz en Payab window may vary acceding tothe thineae of the wal ‘The size of te Ohung tobe considered would be its neg rathe han is tickoess. Therefore, te minimum hat of he Dhung shall be ‘25mm and tha maximum 175mm for Rabea! and Payab, Te sce of the Drung over tb Kactien is usualy reset by th beam Sept in RCC srucre ‘The minimum thickness ofthe Pedna shall be Somm end manu 73m, nen Poama and Choetsag ‘xe Used togetne the tt ‘hekness sha be 100mm, The minimum 26 ot the ‘hall te 128. and ontSGmm.. The on sal be eal © Eieanah ‘The dept Jang Dung eis {sual eal te doy ot the Teschuhanyina Norbu Bagam. ‘Tratonal this member is found ot onthe most mportare structures in Ozongs and Morass. t's eer fourd fom of caring (Ghoto £8.28) or bum Blocka ome photo 6.20). gam s never placed cn {op of Pom and Choetseg and never below the Onin, Norbu Baga ‘Another member found on Dzongs an Monastres Norbu Horan, ‘Tis member he Norbu Bagam is neve placed below hung art ‘above Posina and Chootsag. it Nerou Bogam and Nerbu Hersh teed together hen Nov Hor2hu hast come below Narbu Bogor, “These two components are permitted only on Dzongs, Monastones and Royal Buidos, It bung is permitted to have uabzhi then it ie allowed 10 Incorporate both the components unde the Jabzh rot 0 Nerbe Hora orb Ragom nade rs ‘inks oF inter7. SHAMBARNANG “This the space Detwoan the root and the bul. Teadtonally tis made spacious to dy the winter ops, On same of the old ullngs {he space le developed ino a habiabe area de to charging neces ‘and consions. But creating of habtadie oom shal not be permed However, to achieve repotion and proper ventlatin, the root ean be ‘aes, ‘haga is the top most member ofthe comice, wich tradtionally Getnes the end of tbe hablabie siucure. Thetefre, sy ‘ype of Faotetle structure should not be permite after the Phag-nas a 8. KEMAR “This @ red band found only on Ozongs and monasteries and has religious significance. fs permitted only on Dzongs ané Monasteries.Conclusions Bhutanese archecture ls one othe best expresions of he county giving @ unique deity tothe kingdom. The combination of culture and rellion composes in ourhouses by te inplementars ti Wadtonal chilis -has demonstrated tho urparaled sils and aesthalic beauty of Bhutanese archecture 2s manifested in he most massive Dzongs o he small houses and bridges. Trader corrices, colors and decorative Patioms on the was, doors and windows have put Bhutanese architecture in a ass ofits om ‘Thera tls felt hatin vw of contemporary archers, may not be practical to enforce tue trastonal thobtangon each and every buliing ‘nat vllbe bt the future For exarmpo, a adtonaly bul bulng could nol ncarprsteDrej-zhu on the Rabsel was nol ested 8 -Jamthog or Lung-g ato have a Jah of Lung-go on abulding one hed to have special stausin society. However, ses have chanced, buttngs have progressed rom treo stores to fe Svies, tom ordinary farmhouses io duplex residences, wich nave Caused te vadiional _archieciral perissbill tobe compromise, “This book’ to core asa quideine fo tadiional archtectue an fe not intend to adress every probiom encounter oo provi all outions {to euch prebloms as evor caso varie from design 0 dexig and Yacional architect eject fo varied inlrpetatons. 20, M Credit for photographs Ilstration 22. Building from Gangtey Gompa by Fritz Baumgartner. Photographs contributed by Ms. Dorji Yangki, Architect, Special Commission for Cultural Affairs. Mustration 2a Making of Shamig Illustration 2.1.6 Gomang Rabsel on Drey-Zhu. Ilustration 3.36 Ma-go ofa Lhakhang. Photographs from Ms. Noako Takahashi's documentation on Zhu. Ilustration 4.14 12-sided Kachhen. Ilustration 4.1 Square Kachhen Iustrtion 4. 1¢ Octagonal Kachhen stration 4.26 the fll Zhu lustration 4.2¢ simplified Zhu, References : Introduction to Traditional Architecture by PWD, Royal Government of Bhutan. ‘Architecture of Bhutan, by Chris Butters, Tashi Delek ~ Druk Air In flight magazin. sell bl TaPERMISSIBILITY OF TRADITONAL DETAILS IN CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS ‘comm lDoubie storey [Three s Four storey [Remarks 7[Seriog Not Pemited [Not Permited Not Period Not Pocaied [Only onthe azonge, Royal BulGngs and Monasteries [Only onthe dzongs, Roya bulings, Nonasieres and 2lcyarsnen Not Permited _|Not Permitted _|Not Permitted _|Not Pernod insttuonel bulings slGungaher [Permissible —[Pemissbie|Permssbie__|Pormesbe afoot IMUsT IMusT ImusT. (MUST Shiabonr INot Pemnifed —|Not Pemaifed Not Perntied — [Not Pernt huaminog [Permissiie —|Permssbie —[Permissble __[Permissble Long [Permasbe ——|Pemasbe [Permissible _[Pemissble alChenieop rmasbe —|Pamesibe —[Pemssbie—[Pemissie ‘OlKemar Nt Permited — [Not Permited Not Pernfied Not Perrtied_ [Oni onthe dongs and Monasteries o]Gomang Rabset [Not Permited — [Not Permitied Not Perrntied [Not Permit Only on the dzangs and Monasteries TT [Parop Rabsst [Perniesbe—|Permissbie [Permsate {2[Rabeol Go-chham Thogiyan [Pormiesbie—|Permiesbie [Parmastie 13|Nimenong Rebeo! [Pormiesbie ——|Permissbe [Parmasbie 14[Boedgo-Rebset [Permissbe ——|Permest [Permessvie 15|Gyesargo-Rebsel [Permissbe —|Permestie—_[Pormissble__[Permssble TSlLombur Rabe [Permeste —|Permesiie [Permissible [Pamssibe. i7[Drey.zhu. INot Permited —|Permssibe [Permissible 16|One Bogt and Phagna [MUST [Not Permit [Not Pecmted |Top Comics 7o[Two Bagh and Phagna Not Pemnified —|MUST. IMUsT___|Top Comice Zo} Two Bagh and Koro Kacha_ [MUST [pemssbe (ot Perred |Top Comice 21[Phute Boo [Pornissbe — [Permisse [Permissible [Top Comice 2alTeechuian [Permiesble—|Permissie [Permissible —|Ony wih absel 2alText [Permisstie" —|Permsse™ [Permissbie" "Permissible as por BBRAC. Bal Tsheyaey [Permisetie —|Pormsie [Permissibe 25|Kachhen rmisibve MUST" [MUST [Hotmandatory or nots and bar 26] Octagonal Kachin [Not Permtied [Not Pernod [Not Peraed 21IKawo [Pemssbie, issble [Permissible ‘azn [Pemasbie [Permissible [Permissible 38comarca b rea Rag ESTES ay poeta aroun mUSaPontate Pema Formate —Fersie pay onaraanhporiaas — [pemaens [revises erm Se ara —pouaes —fenaee— once —fensas aera 0 ee a Saab wn Hoary —— NST OST wer faust = Saat ee ss ——Beicase — Resins — [rae — Perio SE errs — ponies —rarnsate Perish [ony Gra goin oT marae Seleesorsah featiea (ic Port patn—RetParnod Se ape Song Sohal Petite fe Posies Nat Paria —NetPortes Soliaisuit ga a MUST ar uo cat See palpate — [ease — eros — Pei pee ane errata — rFactor Peo Pom oT og re ‘Senna tens errant Peet [a pene Pomssbis oo ua oSPa alowed oa Se east | ‘Spo fost —— ust — fost usr | ‘alohousoy Soeinape — peste — [eae —rormaane . mee Pomatoe —pesias —[romises —franaias cna Rerberaeg— [et Parmta_Ra Berit Pro | uy os i gs Ra Datong nd mona ‘ha Rar Poree— et arses [Nat Portes [operate OW or soars mona 6SR PERMISSIBILITY OF TRADITONAL DETAILS IN CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS [Sc {Nomenciature [single storey [Double storey [Three storey [Fourstorey (Remar "]Serog [Not Permitted [Net Permited Not Pernited [Not Pertted [Only on te dzongs, Royal buldnge and monasleres lonly on the dzongs, Royal bulcings, monastries and 2Acyatsren Not Pemited _|NotPermited_|Not Permited _|Not Permited [insituional buildings 3{Gungchar Pernisste —[Perrissble [Permissive |Pernissble loot IMusT IMusT. IMUST. IMusT 3)Jab2hT Not Pamiied—|Not Perniied Not Pemnived —|Not Pemaiied_[ParHlssbe ony on Minter Rewence ohiammog, Permisstie —[Pernissbie |Permissbe_—|Pernissbie lunge go Permissible |Pernissbie—|Permssibe —|Permissbe a|cherinop, Permissible |Permissbie —|Permssie —|Permsile ‘alKemar [Not Pemtied_—|Not Permited Not Permitted Not Pernod [Oni onthe czongs and ronastoros 70|Gorang RabssT [Not Period —INot Permitod [Nol Pormtiod Not Period [Only on the dzongs and monastoiee 7] Parop Rebs Permissible |Perrissbio |Pormeseie —|Pormeibie 72|Rabso!go-chham Thogryin [Permiesbie—[Permissbie_[Pemissble[Pomasie 13]Nimonong Rabeo! Permissible |Perrissble[Permisseie|Pormsse 14[Boedgo-Rabsel Permissible [Permissible [Permissbie_|Pormssbie 75|Gyesargo-Rebsel [Permissible [Permissible [Permissbie_|Permssbe elLombur Rabse [Permisstie [Permissible _[Permissbie[Permssbie 7[Dreyznu. INot Pemtied [Permissible —_[Permissbie —[Permesbie 76|One bogh and phagna [MUST [Not Permited [Not Permted —[Not Permted [Top Comes 19) Two bogh and phagna Not Perned [MUST MUST IMUST___[Top Cornice 20] Two Bogh and Khoo Rach [MUST [Permistibva — Not Parrfiad [Not Parntiad [Top Corn 2i[Phto B00 [Permaaitve —[Permiseibia [Permissible [Perrisable [Top Comin 2a] Tehechuknanym [Permissive [Permisstie—|Permisstie[Ony wih bee 23[Tae [Permcite [Pormissbie [Permissible [Must onthe boloony Teeing Te pubis ar 2a Taney vssble [Permisebie —|Permisl 25]kKechhon [Permesibio [Permissbie [Permissible Not mandatory or Hotei and Bare 26) Octagonal Kaien [Not Permit [Not Permited —|Not Perriteg 27] Kewo [Permssbie [Permsstie —|Permisibe 2elzhu [Not Permited [Permasbe imssile 23[Payeb wih amohong.end smissbe—|Permssibe 30]Payeo wihout shamig [Permissible —[Permissbie Sle 31 [Paya wih Zimehung ony Permissible —|Permissbie [Permeable [on ess Inport bulang 32]Payao wih sami Permissible |Permissibie —[Permissbie —_[Permssble39[Paye0 wih Hoag IMusT MUST IMUST Must. 34[Payab wih Boodgo. [Permissbe [Permissible |Permissbie_[Pernsse 35|Geykar wit Bogh [Permissive —[Permissbve — [Permissible —[Pornsibie [Only on Sor, godown, ToT & ware houses 36|Geyiar plan INot Pemtted [Not Permited Not Permtied [Nol Pemited 37[Mago wth Ser INot Permitted —|Not Permitted Not Permitea —|Not Pemitied 38(Mago wit pain Gogh IMusT wusT IMusr wust 39[Mago wih Zmehung and Bog Permissive —|ermissive pease —|Permssbe 40|Norbu Baga [Not Pernfied—|Not Permfted Not Permiied —|Not Permited_[PerTiesble only W]sban reotng alowed t[Norbu Horshu INot Pernod —|Not Permitted Not Permitied —|Nat Pemiied_[Permissibie only ]stz" rooting i alowed “2|0hung IMUST IMusT IMusr IMusr 43|Podma IMusT IMusT IMusT. IMusT aa (Choetog [Permissive ——|Pornissbe —_Permaatte —|Pormisse a5|zimenung [Pormestve ——|Pernissbie—|Permesive —|Permiseble 5 onhuzar og [Not Permied —|Not Pormtiod Not Parmitiod [Nat Permtied_|Oniy on tha Gzonge and monasteries a7iNyimkvep i Permitied Nat Permtied Not Parmtiod Nat Permted [Onion the dzonge and monasteriesPERMISSIBILITY OF TRADITONAL DETAILS IN CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS [Not Permites [Permissible [Permissible [Permissible [Permsaiio. [Permissible —|Permissbve [Permissible [Permissible IMUsT. IMusT. IMUST IMusT. [Permissive —|Permisebve —_[Pemissiba _[Permissbre [Permissible [Permissible [Permissible issble [Permissible [Permissible 5 issble [Permissible [Permissive a il Permitied_[Not Permitted — [Not Permitted Gry on the dongs ana monasteries 71 fo Permitied_[Not Permitted — [Not Permitted Only onthe ézongs anc monasteries 7 [Permissible —[Permasibie [Permissive —[Perissibe. “2|Rabeel Go-enham Thogyim [Permissible [Permissible —_[Permissbie [Pernissie “aliimehorg Rabea [Permissible [Permisaie—[Perrisebie—[Permassibe. a] Boedge-Rabeol [Permissible [Permissible [Permissbe—_[Permssbe: 75] Gyosargo-Rabedl [Permieebve [Permissible —_[Permsmie|Permasbve elLomour Rabset [Permiesbve [Permissible —Permssnle—|Permasbie a7]Drey-Zhu [Not Permited [Permissible —|Permisable—~_[Permasbio 18|One Bogh and Phagra MUST. [Not Permited [Not Permitted [Not Parmtid [Top Comes “9[Two bog snd phegna Not Perrifed MUST MUST MUST [op Comicos Zo] Two Bogh and Koro Rach [MUST [Permissbve Not Permiied [Not Permied [Top Comioes Zi[Phto B00 [Permissive [Permissive [Permissive [Permissible |Top Comices ZalTeechuRnany [Permissible [Permissive —_[Permissibie [Permissive Only wit rabsel al Taz [Permissible —|Permssibie —[Permissibe —[Permissbie —|Must on te balGony facing the public area 2a Teheyeay missile |Permssine_[Pemssbe[Pemssie 2alkachhen rmissbla [Permissible —[Permissbie —_[Permssine [Nal manaioy for RO nd Ba 26 ctagonal Keehn fl Permtied [Not Permiied_|Not Permted [Not Permitted 2 [Permissible [Permissible [Permissbie_—_[Pernesbie 2a Not Permited — [Permissible —_[Permissbie—_[Permssbi 20|Payab wit amchung and Bog|Perissiblo [Permissible [Permissible |Pormissble S0[Payab witwoul shemig [Permissible [Permissible [Permissible |Permissbe '3i[Payab wit Zimerung only [Permissible [Permissible [Permissible [Permissible [on loss important balding ‘S2|Payab with shanig [Permissible |Permasbve [Permissible [Permissible 39Four storey [Renate 5b wih Honing INUST IMuST. Must 34|Payab with Boedgo Persea —_[Pemissbie — [Permisebie —_|Pormissbla Ss[Geykar wit Bagh Permssibie [Permissible — [Permissible —[Pormissblo Gn en sro, godown, Tot E Ware REUSE Sel Geyer pin [Not Pemited—INet Permited_|Not Permited Not Pormtod ‘S7]Nago wth Sengay Bagh [Possible —|Permicsbie [Pemissbie_[Pomiestio 36]Rago wih pein Bogh. IMusT IMusT. ImusT IMusT. 3elhtago with Zimchung dnd Bog Pemssbie [Permissible [Pemissbie [Pease 4O]Norou Boga [Permissible [Permissible |Permissbie [Permissible [Pernissbi ony Waban roofing fs alowed Norbu Horeny [Permissible [Perissble —|Permissbie[Pemssible_[Permissbe ony fjabzhi roofing is slowed 42[0hung IMusT IMUsT. (MUST IMusT. 43[Pedma MUST 1UST MUST IMusr. aa|choeiseg [Pernissbe [Permissive —|Pernissbe [Pes a5 [Permissible [Permssibie —|Pernissbie—[Permssib a omnaracohnaTog [Nat Permited— [Not Permited [Not Permted [Not Pemited |Ony on the Gaongs and monastars a Ryminep [Nat Permiteg—INot Permited [Not Permited [Not Pemitied [Onl onthe Gzongs end monasteriesINDUSTRIAL AND OTHER BUILDINGS . ‘This group of buildings includes structures like workshops, garages, bus stops/depots, warehouses, public toilets, gas stations and sports complexes. The workshop recommended that in order to maintain the hierarchy of building use and architectural elements, ‘general industrial buildings need not replicate every architectural detail. However structures within an industrial complex that are used. as offices and residences will have to follow the guidelines laid out for institutional and residential buildings. A summary is as follows: ‘© Kachhens are not permissible, ‘+ Forwalls without era or ekra effect all windows will have to be Payab windows i.e. wi ‘wood or in raised plaster. ‘Altwindows will have to incorporate the Horzing and Jugshing. The Tshegay is not mandatory. Toilet windows shall be permitted without Horzing. ‘For multistoried buildings, itis recommended that the bands of Bogh currently being used be discontinued and the Rabsel be correctly incorporated on the final floor. Tae walls on the final floor will have to have an eka effect, ‘+ Jamthog and Jabzhi are not permitted although a Lung-go ~a raised roof without windows or any enclosures shall be permitted to facilitate storage andthe provision of roof top water tanks. In keeping withthe Bhutan Building Rules this space cannot be utilised for human habitation. ‘+ Railings on extemal balconies to be traditional and replicated correctly and faithfully ‘¢ Elements like Norbu Bagam, Norbu Horzhu, Gomang Rabsel, Kemar, Gyaltshen and Sertog are not permissible. 4 Zangshing and row of Boghs either in a