ER Sithowete forma of res ‘a Broad » Round ‘ad Tapering eonical £ Goiumnar ‘g Weeping, ‘h Horizon. branching Teontered K Spreading — SER cst aseMaintenance of trees pana ospeston pall toca sould be subject ¢o an annual inspetion to Tie ties are properly adjusted {Sakae are intact oil i= Kept clour of woods ad grast for 000mm all arp either by hoelng or ehewsen! spray. ‘rnwre ian applionion ofa nena typo frie, rroning fenerally Sort pruning i nocesary, each tree shout be considered ely and be pruned in relation to ite ago, shape, sin, ‘hrocier ud condition. Alm af all pruning shostl bo to {lve tre with well Balanoed nortal growth gad a natural Tppewmnee. Any dod, dissed or broken wood should bo ‘snore: Young te 203 Prong of young tron i wmualy Himited to hi “ping and preserving the leading shoot (oF encouraging ruthie to form should be danas), Pastis tees {166 Oldsr established troos show be pruned only i dead, fiensd, broken, of etersing braueios are to bo removed; te won double Tending shoots need removing to prescrys {Gealpe ofthe tree, Pravin obtrueions {LO8 Tres branches en be emoved Som the trunk to give ita groter height to clear windows, trae ete. If praning ‘done unkifully, new growth ean prodoe a thick ras of twigs botting ont even sor Tight Pruning of conifers 1480 Only remove deal oF damaged bronchs, 1th Iading Shoot is damage, shape of the treo will bo destroyed, 0s itienly rove that another soot will place it Tee surgery LOT Tree surgery should ouly bo given by trained and ‘eapeionced operators, and preferably by those who aro trembere of the Assoviation of Britich Tree Surgeons and ‘Atorats.AMl work should comply with Bitich Standard 00,1966 “Tteommendatione for tree work, which gives ‘ktails of workmanship, meaions of work, treatment of ‘reunds, proniag repair, restoration work, reducing and ‘sping, bracing of branche, feeding, tre removal Sled treo surgery ean often extend ho useful life of ‘uc ly the eemoval of top beavy branches, brasing old ant lnttle branches, removing dscese portions and ing in ates and eleaning out cavities Watering a Newly planted trees noel ots of water during thei fing fow eotaons, sid gular watering dusing poviods of Akought. Tower tranches of mature Bach removed from trank 12 lowe Ligh to houses 8 Dye gurgery to trunk of bse rote with fungicidal feaant to prevent rotting while Bark grow over wend 8 ying toes rod disturbed by change in eter fablePaving sould lope towards the planting ite and paving Ehtr the faturo spread of branches sulle open Jostes Weitiow new fooder roots to take up water: Whose sinnge ‘taabooll i poor, tee pita mnt aot become drainage nue, vanes 1209 Foe urban roa escape some dgree of wanda, and ‘Snievers of urban Dandanpe rms be realistic when choosing plant material ani be prepared to replace damage plants Enmedistaly and porhape soveru! tee before vandatiana ‘ops. Planting is particularly vulnerable in tho extaiahe Sent. years tid should be" tomporarly protected with {res guards oF other fencing. Trees are best planted with fb clear stem of 2m to 2-Sm and an overall height of {it which pnts branches out of reach forall it the faut determined vandal, {401 Dany teves ean bo rtainod as building operations aro cuvied out. Every building contract should cnure theit protection with chestaut pale or similar foo recten tothe {ull apron ofthe troce, and thore ould boa penalty cov for any damage ented by the contractor. Established trocs tril have adapted thensclves 10 loon! aos, grout water ‘he and shoul! thee conditions be changed, te tree cowl ti affected to the extent that they may de Roots 102 Rocte aro exaitial to tree for food, water and support are should be taken in outting them. ‘Those moro than TErnm thik should not be ‘all others show bo sorrectly cut and treated with eealing compound (og AArbeex 805). Whorw posible, work round large roots in ‘wnehes, protecting them with damp hessian. Toots can ‘be conoreted in when over 76: damn, oot spread 440310 is recommended that root apeead should be taken ‘8 the bight of the tres, plus one-thied. A genera rule Fecommends that enly 3 por cont of a treo's roo" shoal be removed. In no cireumstances should any excavation oF root eutting be closer than 481m to tho bole f the tre. staniiy 4404 1F round has to be lowerul around a tre, it should ‘not bi done within the eprosd of the branches, as tho reat ‘ystems within this area ie required to support the growth And stability ofthe tre. Exposure 408 IF building of strveture whieh has boon protecting a te is removed, itis posiblo that tho treo will sufer from exposure, resulting in dicback of the branches or death. Such trees should bo serconed with polythion shest until redevelopment is eomplate, Water table 4.06 Alteration to the wator table 8 can be effected by: Excavation, which oven at somo distance, ean lower the water table Raining the ground level which enn raise the water-table Ii this is cooetial the trunk sboold be enelood with a circle ot honeycomb brielework atleast 2 m diameter. Foundations should be stepped over rain roots. Soll outside of this is best raised in 160mm to 225 mm layers, with a 150mm layer of coarse ballast on top of existing oil 2 back HI ne te ie no replace in core gril sequence and at tho easiest posible moment tetera Aosta trench or pacobe water table ut denclop whack ‘might Tea to dango fom wnterlogging or deena Heats 4.87 Strict control should bo maintained over aetviies of 1 eompaetion of aol around tres is avoided 2 no mterias aro stor within the root mpecad 3 there ia no spillage of fv af any nature 4 ‘oto of ete buildings are clovated above grou level to allow air ere : 5 builtins are not sited ctor thaw 8m to tree bk oubstontial arvindon are emetel 7 branch thinning ie eared out to balan any reduston fn the root sytem 8 soll round trees is properly eultivated to ensue that aa adequate supply ofa aud water get to the uote ‘the ito icine in periods of heavy sinfll and irguted daring peviods of douse ‘Matching older teas 4408 Althongh foding of cstablise tivo torn justified, Wis often neonsary to restore the natural colton of the soil after completion of constrvtion. Chiral enlivation should bo eased out and followed hy 8 goal rule,