Let’s get these scrubs! Scanned with CamScannerThermoreceptors To observe the funtion of thermoreceptors in detecting temperature, 0 Hypothesis: The warm water will feel and ... Equipment; F * 3ice cream containers * Hot water * Warm water * Cold water Method: 1 + Half fill one ice cream container with cold water, the Second wit 9, and the third with hot water. war * Prac one hand in the cold water and the other hand in the 3. Describe how the water feels, warm Water, 4: Place one hand inthe warm water and the other i tl . Describe how it feels, inthe hot water, Risk assessment: Identify Control Assess Scanned with CamScannerConclusion: Touch Receptors Game Tab ath, fstab > ‘guesswork, use ust one point from time to time. Touch receptors in the skin " + acord the distance between the toothpicks when your GQ To detect where skin i Sarnor can alot ora pltwhn there ara ay contact pobisin conte Yo will need: + Rapes procodura on the palm fos han ca back 2roctpicks Mloweep ogo andthe back olor 1» Swap rolos with your partner an O; Soaps wth your parte a need ‘Wher is your skin mest sense? bindtold REST Pee cams Insiae foc Pak of hand call Finger ook of nck, een — ight in your workbook 1 Draw table ke the one on he ler so that 1 Use rubber bends to attach two toothpicks 10° they ore 2 em apart. ” > Blindfold your p riner, Gant touch your pein’ ins Paste tho points ofthe to toethick. a Fa ue Olin stata reenter Scanned with CamScannerUse the information from your dictagloss to h the ry 3 3 3 2 gz z > a 2 3 2 3 3 2Nene —_—<—$<$_ Nervous System Inthe space provided, write the letter of the ter netfons. Je term or phrase that best describes how each numbered Item 4, neuron cell body with dendrites —— a. wrinkle 2, action potential Ped a b. snail shell — : — c. small head of cauliflower |—~ d. steep hill 5, taste bud —_— e. uprooted tree 6. cochlea —_— f, flower bud “work-Alikes” inthe space provided, write the le ine spe oy unetons iter of the term or phrase that best describes how each 7, voltage-gated ion channels a, two-way highway ____ 8, action potential b. flame burning down a fuse 9, neurotransmitter molecules «. flood gates __ 10. peat ‘ d, narcotic —_— or ; e. camera {, ferry boats term or phrase that best matches each cause or a neurotransmitter binds to Ghemical-gated channel b. somatic nervous system smooth muscle regulation d, membrane potential nerve impulses move faster Scanned with CamScanneroN Neurones are nerve cells, They carry Information as tiny electrical signals, different types of neurones, each with a slightly different function, Te are th The diagram below shows a typleal neurone - In this case, a branches at each end and a long fibre carrles the signal Neurones MOXOT MEUTONE, TE hag ny yesanay ‘fom the cll body to ‘ether neurons, muscles, or glands), ‘maintains the ‘health ofthe ‘Myelin sheath neuron) (covers the axon of some ‘eurons and helps. reurlimpusest 4 nevrotsnode (ode of Ramo) Scanned with CamScannerthe image use the image above to compare and contrast the features the th of the three different neurones. Message Pathways 1 I the following are voluntary or involuntary responses Decid 1, Moving your hand away from a hot stove « 2. Breaking your car at a red light 3. Blinking your eyes hand up in class to answer a question ~ 4, Putting your Activity: Involuntary Responses Reflex arc Reflex reactions In humans 2 trolled by the reflex arc: When the safety of an organ demands 2 very quick response, passed directly from a sensory neuron, via a relay neurone, toam Instant, unthinking action. This isa reflex action. herve pathway which x makes such o fast, automatic response 0 your hand away Areflex arc [s th possible. It does not matter fyyou are - you will aveye pull from a flame withou u Minnate, behaviour, and We 2 behave in the same Way: Merotugh the stages of the reflex arc one by one: the signals may be otor neurone for Scanned with CamScanneros —_ Spinal cord Motor nerve Effector (muscle) Sonsory nerve o. (b) Diagram ofthe rafex are i Sonsory Stiues neurons Interneurons US 3 Part B: Knee jork teve your partnr sit on a chair with ong 9 crossing How good are your reflexes? tho otherknes, [se the edge of your hand t ge Maca GAD To investigate ‘some automatic responses crossed leg a Partner just below the kn f You may need to repeat this @ fow times to gi eee seed from your partner, Stopwatch or clock with a second hand nnn ——eteeenem, chair » Workin {or both parts of his activity, Decide ‘who © wha happened? ‘ilbe the experimentar and who willbe the subject. Then ‘wap roles and repeat both pans, What was the stimulus? Part A: Koptin the der What was the response? What was the offector? » Ifyou are the 4 experimenter, ook closely Did you got the Tesponse the first time? Why ot ‘why atthe eyes of your not? ® Canyou Control a knee-jerk respons? © What changes di © © What wos the stimulus? © Wher was the response? Scanned with CamScannerdauuerswie) yy! pauuers ther Involuntary Response 7a Reflexes — movement without thinkingTVS ANT edd Diels} sdy | Ul ey) wi at you need § diferent coloured pipecleaners representing diferent parts ofthe neuron (cell body, axon, dendrites, myetin sheath and synaptic terminal), A3 or Ay paper, sticky tape, red felt-tip pen 1 Construct a model of a neuron with a key to indicate the different parts ofthe Neuron, 2 Tape your finished pipecteaner neuron onto a piece of A3 or Ad paper and label the parts, 3 Mork the path of the nerve impulse, from start to finish, along the neuron, CUS ECR BIG ane aarE Remember 1 Name and describe the features of a neuron that enable t to carry messages, 2 Recall the two components that make up the central nervous system, 3 Explain the role of the myelin sheath Apply 4 Identity where sensory neurons are that detect: a smells @ touch b tastes © ‘sights © sounds 5 Using a diagram, explain what problems may result from damage to the myetin sheath, *ASOTY neurons, motor "mary trick with the class, travels of a messa through one ut in your eye to your contral nervous syte through one neuron to reach another, 8 Explain how a synapse works, ! Share your mer ge communicated from Mm. Outline how it travels, * scanned with CamScanner3 Responses 1 e body. They are messengers and the nervous t to other types of cells. Each neuron Mand an axon which takes the hn The synapse is the rv yeased. This chemicat 1.3.2 Nerve cells ves or nervous i s have a impulses around th ‘distinct shape that Is a cell body whi ry long, &.9- Over | called 2 i Neurons carry messag impulse is the message has dendrites which PIC Message to the next neu! gap between wo neuron Sifyges to the next call 2nd starts ron, Some neurons are Ve itter is rorat the synapse a chemical the impulse in this kc up the stimul to motor neuro’ connect to the receptors that PIS tus and take the message 19 connector te, Motor neurons gO '° muscles OF sensory neurons seyrons. connector NOUrons join sensory neurons glands taking the message for the response ewes form a pathway from the receptor to the central nervous system then to the responding organ which is fad the effector. A stimulus starts the message and it ends with 2 response - the Sfimulus-response Pathway: 1.3.2.1 Complete the table summarise the three types of neurons and how they work together to y to bring about responses. make the nervous pathwa) ree Toye celia Sensory neuron Donati | Connector cet boy |_| neuron : cotbody endines Motor neuron Scanned with CamScanner1.5 Response, 1 3.2.2 How are nerve cells different to other cells? 1.3.2. is 2.3 What is the difference between a receptor and an effector? 1.3.2.4 Draw a simple flow chart to show the stimulus-response pathway. 1.3.2.5 i Explain how neurons are involved in causing responses in the body. 1.3.2.6 The diagram shows a nervous pathway. Direction of impulse Identify part A. .. Identify part B. On the diagram draw arrowheads ram identify the receptor and to show the direction of the nervous impulse. the effector. On the diagt of the stimulus and the action of the response On the diagram draw in arrows to show the arrival ‘They make brain cells and vous system. fect neurons, €.9- Neural stem cells form the cells of the central net ns. Many diseases aff Gan even move to an area and replace dying neuror Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke. Discuss why it is important to continue to research neut ral stem cells. Scanned with CamScannerTHE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ‘The central nervous system isthe control centre ofthe body Al Incoming messages from your environment, and your responses to them, are processed bythe cents nervous stem ‘The tuo main parts ofthe central nervous system are the brain andthe spinal cord The brain ‘The brain is the processing centre ‘of the body, Its main functions relate to our survival. The brain is a soft, heavy organ, mostly: made up of neurons, and ‘surrounded by a tough skull to protect it. The brain receives information from the sensory organs and other receptors throughout the body about what is going on inside and outside ‘the body. The brain then makes decisions about things like internal changes ‘and movements. It is also home to memories, personality and thought processes. ‘The brain connects to the spinal cord ‘and also to 12 pairs of Cranial nerves that connect directly to some internal organs and the face and head. ‘The human brain is easily the most. complex and fascinating organ of any living thing. Neurosctentists are learning alot about how it works. They already know the brat s divided into different parts, each ‘of which has a specific function but works with the other parts, Neuroscientists also know the brain demonstrates ‘plasticity’, which means it can change as you grow and develop and heal ~ previously ‘thought impossible. The thalamus pocetes ed caries Thabral stom the vert rseoges fox ey matin, ich the br As ast beens ie {slot et ram thee, ot, spina eed The bia sti ade tyes ond into th enter ‘ped Ore afer pats—the mel, the pnsand the ibe Tecaretelton (Hem te nesting “Webs The medulla sth etm of tan tom and etl fonts Uke reaping) and deste splemacbies.The ess a soma ttoa cles, Uke beng, ab a0 coats seep and woul The lr conti ares at ce aprons yin, Figure 47 SNE ot ‘such ws movement and isin the human brain Scanned with CamScannerthe human brai, follow the same basic structure as The brains of most complex animals n 7 Relative sizes of the different parts of the brain can be an indication of the complexity and Intelligence ofthat animal. Fh Figure 48 What might the tuctre of exch of these snimal brains mean fr is Seeetum Cutt eta Lobes of the brain hemispheres. They appear to be mirror ‘The cerebrum is the top layer of the brain. and is where most ofthe processing is done. The cerebrum Is divided into two “at Pata be Oita obe Cereb Images of each other but they do have some slight differences in structure and function, ‘The hemispheres are joined in the middle of the brain by the corpus callosum, a bundle of neurons that enable the two hemispheres to communicate. Each hemisphere is then divided into four lobes or sections, These lobes have specific functions: * The frontal lobe is located at the front of the brain, Its functions include emotions, reasoning, movement and problem-solving, The parietal lobe, found inthe centre of the brain, manages the perception of Senses, Including taste, pan, pressure, temperature and touch, The temporal lobe is located in the region near the ears It deals with the recognition of sounds and smells. ‘The occipital lobe is atthe very back of ‘he brain, It is responsible for vision STAGES ox Scanned with CamScannerQUESTIONS Remember 1. Identify the two components of the nervous system. Outline the features of the central nervous system. Identity the main features of a neuron. Compare quadriplegia and paraplegia. Identify the part(s) of the central nervous system involved in 2 reflex reaction. Explain your answer. Recall the four lobes of the cerebrum by labelling the 7 Describe the function of each of the lobes. anon .gram below. Apply 8 Suggest a reason why reflex actions exist. 9 What kind of reflex action do you think other mammals may have? Would they be similar to or different from ours? Justify your answer. 40 Describe the differences between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. 41 Explain why, if you slipped and hit the back of your head, everything might go black. 412 Explain some ofthe potential effects of trauma to the frontal lobe human brain to that of fish, birds and frogs [Figure 13 Compare the structure of the imal with the largest and smallest of each part and 48, page 142), Identify the ani suggest an explanation for the differences. Scanned with CamScannerry ' Name Date Nervous System Inthe space provided, wite the letter of the description thal bes! matches the term or phrase. «@. the difference in electrical charge across a cell membrane 1, neuron 2. dendrite b. part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses 3. axon c. the membrane potential of a neuron at rest 4, nerve d, nerve cell; transmits information throughout the body e. bundle of neurons {. part of a neuron that receives information from other g. ajunction at which a neuron meets another cell h. a signal molecule that transmits nerve impulses across synapses 9. neurotransmitter i. nerve impulse 5, membrane potentiol 6. resting potential __ 7. action potential __ 8. synapse neurons LETT L| White the correct term from the list below in the space next to its definition. brain hypothalomus reflex brain stem intermeurons sensory neuron central nervous system motor neuron spinal cord cerebellum peripheral nervous system thalamus cerebrum 10. _ carries motor responses from the central nervous system to muscles, glands and other organs 11,__ Site of capacity for leaming, memory, perception and intellectual ————_ " _ funetion 12. consists of the brain and spinal cord 13, _ relays sensory information 14, dense cable of nervous tissue that runs through the vertebral column 15. contains neurons that branch throughout the body 16. carries information from sense organs to the central nervous system |_______17. the body's main processing center heart rate and endocrine functions 4 Scanned with CamScannerhrase, 'n the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase —— 28. sensory receptor a. the lining of photoreceptors and neurons in the eye —— 24, retina 'b. aids in hearing -_ —— 25. tod c. type of photoreceptor that responds best to dim light —— 26. cone d, runs from the back of each eye to the brain —— 27. optic nee e. helps maintain equilibrium . —— 28. cochlea f, a specialized neuron that detects sensory stimuli —— 29. semicircular canal —_g,, type of photoreceptor that enables color vision Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 30, The need for increasing amount of a drug to achieve the desired sensation is called a 31. A drug that generally decreases the activity of the central nervous system is called a(n) ei 32. A drug that gener ally increases the activity of the central nervous system is called a(n) — es 33. Drugs that alter the functioning of the cent ee 34, is a set of emotional and Physical symptoms caused by removing a drug from the body of a drug addict. 35. is q physiological response caused by repeated use of a drug that alters the \d synapses, ral nervous system ore known as Scanned with CamScannerDate. 9 The Peripheral Nervous System Branches throughout the Body in the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. a. regulates breathing and heart rate 4. brain 2, cerebrum b. a self-protective motor response 3, cerebellum © the site of leaming, memory, perception and intelectual — function ioe Aa reliok 4, relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex 5. thalamus «the dense cable of nervous tissue that runs through the = vertebral column _____ 8. hypothalamus {. regulates balance, posture and movernent 7. spinal cord ¢g. the body's main processing center Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 8, Peripheral motor neutrons that stimulate skeletal muscles are part of the nervous system. 9. The division ofthe autonomic nervous system keeps your body functioning even when you are asleep. 10. The division of the autonomic nervous system dominates in times of physical or emotional stress. Sensory Systems Enable Perception provided. Read each question, and write your answer in the space 4. Whats a sensory receptor? 2, What types of sensory receptors are located inthe skin? 3. Why is pain an Important sensation? 4, Which type of sensory receptor responds to the distortion or bending of tissue? 5. What are the of the cerebral cortex? Scanned with CamScanner: ON Concept Mapping the Nervous System Worksheet Name Date Class Using the terms and phrases provided below, complete the concept map showing the structyrg, the nervous system. or central nervous system parasympathetic division spinal cord interneurons peripheral nervous system sympathetic division motor neurons somatic nervous system synapses neurons consists of is divided into which is divided into which communicate ne which includes which consists of autonomic nervous sistem 4 which contains which contain a a > ‘wich is divided it? Scanned with CamScanner