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Basic English To Translation course By Razibul Hoq Raz RHR1
আসসালামু আলাইকুম|
এটি স্রষ্টার ইচ্ছা বা মর্জি যে আপনাদের সাদে আমার যেখা হদব ৷ এটি সর্যিই একটি আশ্চেিজনক
র্বষয় যে পৃর্েবীদয যকাটি যকাটি মানুষ আদে যার মধ্ি যেদক আপনাদের সাদে আমার পর্রচয়
হদয়দে৷ ঠিক যযমর্ন আমার সাদে আপনাদের পর্রচয় হদ া৷ বিাপারটা কাকযা ীয় হদয পাদর র্কন্তু
সবার সাদে র্কন্তু হদচ্ছ না। যকব আপনাদের সাদেই হ ৷ আর্ম জার্ন আপনারা সৎ আপনাদের মাযা
র্পযারা সৎ৷ যে নযিনযম র্ি টা আপনারা আমাদক র্েদয়দেন যসটি আপনাদের হা া ইনকাম, হা া
উপাজি ন , হয় আপনার নয়দযা আপনার মাযা-র্পযার৷ যাই আপনাদের র্পেদন শ্রম র্েদয় আর্ম এই
টাকাটা আমার জনিও হা া করদয চাই৷ আপনারাও আপনার মাযা র্পযা র্কিংবা আপনার কষ্টার্জি য
উপাজি দনর মেিাো অক্ষু ন্ন রাখদবন েোেে পর্রশ্রম কদর আর যের্েদকদটে হয়৷এটা আমার অনুদরাধ্৷
একটি সুন্দর সুষ্ঠু সৎ সাব ী মাধ্িদমর মধ্ি র্েদয় আমরা র্িক্ষা যেয়া যনয়া যক কােিকর ও সি কদর
যু দবা J এটাই যহাক আমাদের অঙ্গীকার।
আর্ম যকান বিবসা বা প্রর্যষ্ঠান খুর্ র্ন, আমাদক আপনারা আপনাদের যদর একজন যখদট খাওয়া
র্েনমজুর ভাবদয পাদরন৷ আমার ভু ত্রুটি র্কিংবা যেদকাদনা অনিায় আচরণ েৃর্ষ্টদ াচর হদ , যের্খদয়
র্েদবন ক্ষমা করদবন৷
বেসসক ইংসলশ টু ট্রান্সললশন
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Facebook: Razibul Hoq Raz YouTube: Today’s Just Now Contact: 01628540803
WH Word related Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns:
✓ A relative pronoun functions as a word that

links two clauses into a single complex clause.
✓ It is similar in function to a subordinating

conjunction.
✓ Unlike a conjunction, however, a relative

pronoun stands in place of a noun.
বকান নাউন সম্পলকে সেস্তাসিত নতু ন বকালনা েযাখ্যা সেলেষণ

বেযাি জনয নাউন এি হলয , নাউন বক ইসিত কলি , নাউন
সম্পলকে সেসিন্ন েযাখ্যা সেলেষণ েণে না কিলত এককথায
চামচাসম কিলত েযেহৃত হয relative pronoun৷
বেখ্ালন বেিালে েলস চামচাসম কলি:
োলেিপসিেলতে Person হলল Thing হলল Place Time Reason
েলস
Subject who/that which/that
Object who/whom/that which/that where when why
Possessive whose whose Place Time Reson
(at (on (For

which) which) which)
WHO
• “Who” refers to people
• Can act as the subject or the object of the relative
clause
এখ্ালন েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

a) The president is 50 years old.
b) He is a friendly a man.
The president who is 50 years old, is a friendly man.
সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

1) Your teacher does not discriminate her students.
2) She teaches you English.
(Your teacher who teaches you English does not discriminate

her students.)
It is also possible to combine these two sentences in another way:
(Your teacher, who does not discriminate her

students, teaches you English.)
(এই বকালসে ি োেতীয সিসিও ও সপসিএফ ফাইল আপনাি কালে

আমাি আমানত সহলসলে িাখ্লেন। সেনা অনুমসতলত বকাথাও
বশযাি কলি এই আমানলতি বখ্যানত কিলেন না। আমানলতি
বখ্যানত কিা অনযায ও একটি জঘনয পাপ।)
Razibul Hoq Raz 01628540803 Today’s Just Now

1) My mother is clumsy.(নড়েলড়)
2) She broke her arm last week.
• My mother, who is clumsy, broke her arm last year.

• My mother, who broke her arm last year, is clumsy.
More Examples:
1. He who overcomes his anger subdues (িাদয়স্তা করা,
েমন করা, ঠান্ডা করা) his greatest enemy.
2. He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.
3. The man who makes no mistakes does not usually

make anything.
WHOM
➢“Whom” refers to person when the person is the
object of the verb
Examples:
1. She’s the woman whom I met in Greece.
যস হদচ্ছ যসই মর্হ া োর সাদে আর্ম র্িদস সাক্ষাৎ
কদরর্ে াম।
2. They demanded a huge ransom for the return of the
little girl whom they had kidnapped.
যোট্ট যমদয়টিদক োরা র্কেনিাপ কদরর্ে যারা যাদক যিরয
যেয়ার জনি র্বিা বড় এমাউন্ট মুর্িপণ োর্ব কদরদে।
3. The author whom you criticized in your review has
written a reply.
যু র্ম যে য খকদক যযামার মযােদিি সমাদ াচনা কদরর্েদ যস
যযামাদক একটি প্রযু িত্তর’’ র্ দখদে।
WHOSE
➢“Whose” refers to possessions of people,
animals

1. A new boy attended the course.
2. His eyes are stunning.
(A new boy whose eyes are stunning, attended the course.)
1. England is a beautiful country.
2. Its capital city is London.
(England, whose capital city is London is a beautiful country.)
More Examples:
1. She’s the student whose handwriting is the best in
my class.
2. I felt great pity for the woman whose baby died.
WHICH
➢“Which” refers to animals and objects.
➢Can act as the subject or the object of the relative
clause

a) I saw a black dog.
b) It brings bad luck.
(I saw a black dog, which brings bad luck.)

a. This museum was built in 1689.
b. It is a significant landmark of this village.
(This museum, which is a significant landmark of this village,

was built in 1689.)
(This museum, which was built in 1689, is a significant

landmark of this village.)
More Examples:
1. The wisdom of nations lies in their proverbs, which are
brief and pithy.(বর্ ষ্ঠ, িাাঁসাদ া, সদযজ)
2. Laws are like cobwebs,(অর্য সযক্ষ্ম এমন

র্কেু ) which may catches small flies(মার্ে), but let wasps
and horns break through.
3. Never leave that until tomorrow which you can do today.
THAT
➢“That” refers to people, things, and animals
➢Can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause
Examples:
1. The love that is too violent will not last long.
2. It’s a poor mouse that has only one hole.
3. Tom bought the apples that the man was

selling.
4. It is a good horse that never stumbles.

(যহাাঁচট খাওয়া);
WHAT
➢“What” refers to ‘the things which’
➢বে সেষযটি/বে সজসনসটি
➢It does not refer to a noun that comes
before it.
➢এটি তাি পূলেে োলকয উলেসখ্ত বকান noun
বক ইসিত কলি না ো এি পূলেে বকান noun
েলস না৷
➢েিং স্বযং এটি ই োলকযি সােলজক্ট ো
অেলজক্ট পসজশলন েলস থালক ৷
➢এইজনয এটিলক nominal relative clauses
েলা হয৷
➢Nominal Relative Clauses: In nominal
relative clauses, the relative pronoun acts
like a NOUN + RELATIVE PRONOUN
TOGETHER.
Examples
1. What you need is a good night sleep." (= The thing you
need is a good night sleep.)
2. "We don't know what to do." (= We don't know which

things to do.)
3. "You know what to do." (= You know which things to

do.)
4. What she said made me cry. (Here what and its clause
act as the subject of the verb made.)
5. We can’t give you what you need. (Here what and its
clause act as the object of the verb give.)
6. Don’t put off what you can do today till tomorrow. (put
off-মু যর্ব করা)
7. Pardon me – I didn’t hear what you said.
Fused Relatives vs. Embedded

Interrogatives
Embedded wh clauses can have the function of fused relatives
and embedded interrogatives.
(free, fused or nominal (embedded interrogative)

relative)
I enjoyed [what I read in Can you tell me [what you

the book]. are looking for]?.
আসম েইটিলত োই পসড়/ বেসে তু সম আমালক েললে সক তু সম কী
সেষয পসড় তা আসম উপলিাগ খ্ুুঁজ কিে ো সকলসি বখ্াুঁজ
কসি। কিে?
🔲Free, Fused Or Nominal Relative: an independent

relative clause, or (in traditional grammar) a noun
clause.
A free relative clause is a type of relative clause
(that is, a word group beginning with a wh-word) that
contains the antecedent within itself.
⚪What=the thing which,

⚪ Who=the person who,
⚪Where=the place where,
⚪When=the time when ,etc.
• I enjoyed [what/the things which I read in the book].

• [Who/The people who wrote this] must be a genius.
1. I enjoyed [whatever I read in the book].
2. [Whoever wrote this] must be a genius.
Free relative constructions are inherently

defying/restrictive.
free, fused or nominal relative construction.[19] This kind of relative construction consists of a relative clause
that instead of attaching to an external antecedent—and modifying it as an external noun phrase—is "fused"
with it; and thus a nominal function is "fused" into the resultant 'construction'. For example:
What he did was clearly impossible.
Here "What he did" has the same sense as "that which he did", or "the thing that he did". Thus the noun
phrase the thing and the relative pronoun that are 'fused' into what; and the resulting relative
construction "What he did" functions as the subject of the verb was.
🔲 Embedded Question/ interrogative:

Sometimes we want to use a question as part of another
question or a statement. This is called an embedded
question.
1: We can use embedded questions as part of other

questions. This is sometimes called an indirect question
and is often used to be polite.
• Normal question:
Where is the station?
• Indirect question (that includes an embedded question):
⭕Could you tell me where the station is?
2: We can also use embedded questions as part of

statements. The embedded question is a noun clause and
can be used in a similar way to a noun. For example, we can
use it as the subject or the object of the main clause.
• Normal question:
Where does she work?
• Embedded question in a statement:
⭕I don't know where she works.
• Normal subject question: Who loves Julie?

• Embedded subject question:
⭕ I don't know who loves Julie.
• Normal subject question: What happened?

• Embedded subject question:
⭕We are trying to find out what happened.
Forming embedded questions
We use the same rules with embedded questions in

statements as we do with embedded questions in indirect
questions.
1. If there is a question word(wh-word), we keep it.
2. If there is no question word(but yes/no questions), we
use 'if' or 'whether'.
3. We use normal sentence grammar (so we don't need
'do / does / did').
4. We use normal sentence word order (subject + verb,
not the opposite).
5. We use a full stop and not a question mark at the end of
the sentence.
Here are some examples of verbs that we often use

with embedded questions:
• Wonder: : I wondered who he was. সতসন যক হদয পাদরন মদন মদন
র্নদজদক প্রশ্ন করর্ে াম/মদন মদন ভাবর্ে াম। I wonder why she said that.
• Know: They don't know what they're doing.
• Remember: We don't remember where the house is.
• Be sure: I'm not sure when we're going to arrive.
• Find out: Let's find out what time the show starts.
• Think about: She's thinking about how she's going to do it.
• Forget: I've forgotten why I started this.
(এই বকালসে ি োেতীয সিসিও ও সপসিএফ ফাইল আপনাি কালে

আমাি আমানত সহলসলে িাখ্লেন। সেনা অনুমসতলত বকাথাও
বশযাি কলি এই আমানলতি বখ্যানত কিলেন না। আমানলতি
বখ্যানত কিা অনযায ও একটি জঘনয পাপ।)
Razibul Hoq Raz 01628540803 Today’s Just Now

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Basic English To Translation course By Razibul Hoq Raz RHR1

বেসসক ইংসলশ টু ট্রান্সললশন

WH Word related Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns Relative Pronouns

✓ A relative pronoun functions as a word that

✓ It is similar in function to a subordinating

✓ Unlike a conjunction, however, a relative

বকান নাউন সম্পলকে সেস্তাসিত নতু ন বকালনা েযাখ্যা সেলেষণ

বেখ্ালন বেিালে েলস চামচাসম কলি:

োলেিপসিেলতে Person হলল Thing হলল Place Time Reason

Subject who/that which/that

Object who/whom/that which/that where when why

Possessive whose whose Place Time Reson

(at (on (For

এখ্ালন েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

The president who is 50 years old, is a friendly man.

সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

2) She teaches you English.

(Your teacher who teaches you English does not discriminate

It is also possible to combine these two sentences in another way:

(Your teacher, who does not discriminate her

(এই বকালসে ি োেতীয সিসিও ও সপসিএফ ফাইল আপনাি কালে

সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

2) She broke her arm last week.

• My mother, who is clumsy, broke her arm last year.

2. He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.

3. The man who makes no mistakes does not usually

সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

2. His eyes are stunning.

(A new boy whose eyes are stunning, attended the course.)

সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

1. England is a beautiful country.

2. Its capital city is London.

(England, whose capital city is London is a beautiful country.)

2. I felt great pity for the woman whose baby died.

সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

b) It brings bad luck.

(I saw a black dog, which brings bad luck.)

সনলচি েুটি োকয বখ্যাল করুন:

b. It is a significant landmark of this village.

(This museum, which is a significant landmark of this village,

(This museum, which was built in 1689, is a significant

2. Laws are like cobwebs,(অর্য সযক্ষ্ম এমন

3. Never leave that until tomorrow which you can do today.

➢Can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause

2. It’s a poor mouse that has only one hole.

3. Tom bought the apples that the man was

4. It is a good horse that never stumbles.

2. "We don't know what to do." (= We don't know which

3. "You know what to do." (= You know which things to

7. Pardon me – I didn’t hear what you said.

Fused Relatives vs. Embedded

(free, fused or nominal (embedded interrogative)

I enjoyed [what I read in Can you tell me [what you

🔲Free, Fused Or Nominal Relative: an independent

⚪What=the thing which,

• I enjoyed [what/the things which I read in the book].

Free relative constructions are inherently

🔲 Embedded Question/ interrogative:

1: We can use embedded questions as part of other

2: We can also use embedded questions as part of

⭕I don't know where she works.

• Normal subject question: Who loves Julie?