Math 21a Double Integrals Fall, 2016

ZZ
Double Integrals. The double integral f (x, y) dA plays the leading role this week!
D

Fubini’s Theorem. Double integrals on rectangles can be computed by iterated integrals.

ZZ
1. If W is the rectangle [1, 2] × [3, 4], compute the double integral 6x2 y dA.
W
Double Integrals over General Regions. For regions

D1 = {(x, y) : a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x)} and D2 = {(x, y) : c ≤ y ≤ d, h1 (y) ≤ x ≤ h2 (y)} ,

we can compute double integrals as

!
ZZ Z b Z g2 (x) Z bZ g2 (x)
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dy dx, and
D1 a g1 (x) a g1 (x)
!
ZZ Z d Z h2 (y) Z d Z h2 (y)
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dx dy = f (x, y) dx dy.
D2 c h1 (y) c h1 (y)

2. Compute the integrals below.

Z 1 Z x+1  ZZ
(a) 2x + 2y dy dx (b) xy dA
0 0 D1
y
4
3
y = x2 2
D1
1
y =x+2
−2 −1 1 2 x
 ZZ ZZ
2
(c) y − 1 dA (d) ex dA
D2 D3
y y
D2 1
2

D3
1

1 2 3 4x 1 x
R R x2
Hint: write it as e dy dx.
(x = 2y − y 2 and x = y 2 − 2y + 4)

Reversing the Order of Integration. One of the main techniques to compute double integrals
and iterated integrals is to switch the order of integration. Be careful about the bounds.
Z Z Z Z
3. (Warm-Up) Find the bounds for iterated integrals f (x, y) dy dx and f (x, y) dx dy
for each of the following regions.
(a) The shaded region: √ defined by 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 and
(b) The region
y 0 ≤ y ≤ x.
2

1 2 x
4. You can’t compute the following iterated integrals without switching the order of integration.
Draw the region of integration, and reverse the order and evaluate the integrals!
Z 1 Z 1 Z π/2 Z π/2
x2 sin(x)
(a) e dx dy (b) dx dy
0 y 0 y x

√
Z 1 Z y Z e3 Z 3
3 10
(ex − x)5 dx dy


(c) √
3x − x dx dy (d)
0 − y 1 ln(y)
 Double Integrals – Answers and Solutions

1. We can rewrite this as an integrated integral in two ways:

Z 2 Z 4  Z 4 Z 2 
2 2
6x y dy dx or 6x y dx dy.
1 3 3 1

These will give the same answer (that’s what Fubini’s Z 4Theorem says), so let’s just use the
first. We need to first do the inner integral, which is 6x2 y dy. When we do this integral,
3 y=4
we treat x as a constant. So, this integral is equal to 3x2 y 2  = 3x2 (16 − 9) = 21x2 . So, our

y=3
Z 2 x=2
2 3
iterated integral becomes 21x dx = 7x  = 49.
1 x=1

2. (a) To compute the inner integral, you regard x as a constant (as you regard x as a constant
when you consider y-partial derivative).

Z 1 Z x+1  Z 1 y=x+1
2xy + y 2 y=0 dx

2x + 2y dy dx =
0 0 0
Z 1 y=x+1
2x(x + 1) + (x + 1)2 y=0 dx

=
Z0 1 1
2 3 2
= 3x + 4x + 1 dx = x + 2x + x = 4.

0 0

ZZ Z 2 Z x+2
45
(b) xy dA = xy dy dx =
D1 −1 x2 8
RR
(c) We write the integral in the form f (x, y) dx dy:
ZZ Z 2 Z y 2 −2y+4
y − 1 dA = y − 1 dx dy
D2 0 2y−y 2
Z 2
y −2y+42
= [yx − x]2y−y 2 dy
Z0 2
3 2 y4 3 2
2
= 2y − 6y + 8y − 4 dy = − 2y + 4y − 4y  = 0

0 2 0

ZZ Z 1 Z x
x2 2 1
(d) e dA = ex dy dx = (e − 1)
D3 0 0 2
 Z 2 Z 2 Z 2 Z y
3. (a) f (x, y) dy dx and f (x, y) dx dy
0 x 0 0
(b) Here is a picture of our region:
y √
√ x = y 2 or y = x
2

x
1 2
√
Z 2 Z x Z Z
So f (x, y) dy dx. For the type f (x, y) dx dy, we need to divide the region
0 0
into two parts by the line y = 1:
y √
√ x = y 2 or y = x
2

x
1 2

described by 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 and 1 ≤ x ≤ 2. The upper region

Then the lower region is √
is described by 1 ≤ y ≤ 2 and y 2 ≤ x ≤ 2. So the integral over the whole region is
written as Z 1Z 2 Z √2 Z 2
f (x, y) dx dy + f (x, y) dx dy.
0 1 1 y2
4. (a) The region of integration is
y
1

1 x

Thus the integral can be re-written as

Z 1Z x Z 1
x2 2 1
e dy dx = xex dx = (e − 1) .
0 0 0 2

This integral turn out to be the same integral as in Problem 2 (d).

(b) The region of integration is

y
π
2

π x
2

Thus the integral can be re-written as

Z π/2 Z x Z π/2
sin(x)
dy dx = sin(x) dx = 1.
0 0 x 0

Note that the function sin(x)

x
is undefined at x = 0, which in this region is simply the
sin(x)
origin. But since x → 1 as x → 0, we can extend this integrand to be continuous at
this point. Let’s assume that this is what we’ve done.
(c) The region of integration is
y y = x2
1

−1 1 x

Thus we can write the integral as

Z 1Z 1 1
212
Z
3 10

10
3x − x3 (1 − x2 ) dx =


3x − x dy dx = .
−1 x2 −1 33

(d) The region of integration is

y
y = ex

e3

1
x
1 2 3

Thus we can write the integral as

3 ex 3 6
(e3 − 3) − 1
Z Z Z
x 5 x 5 x
(e − x) dy dx = (e − x) (e − 1) dx = .
0 1 0 6