 RT ln10

   log K
zF

 0.0591
  log K
z
 2 2
 a H a e-
H2  2 H  2 e -
K
PH
2

logK  2 loga H   2 log a e-  log PH

2

log K   2 pH  log PH
2

  0 the n    0.0591 pH  0.0296 log PH 2

 4 4
 a H PO a e -
2 H 2O  4 H  O2  4 e K  - 2

aH
2O

logK  4 loga H   log PO  4 log a e-  log a H

2 2O

logK   4 pH  log PO
2


  1.229 Volts
  1.229  0.0591 pH  0.0148 log PO2
‫آنيون‬ ‫رسوب‬ ‫كاتيون‬ ‫فلز‬

HMO- MO M3+ M
2
MO-2 M2O3 M 2+
MO+
MO2- M3O4 M(OH)+
2
MOOH M(OH)2+
M(OH)2 M(OH)+2
M(OH)3 M2(OH)4+
2
Eh (Volts) Fe - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0

1.5 Fe2O3
Fe(+3a)

1.0

0.5 FeO2(-a)

0.0

Fe(+2a) Fe3O4
-0.5

-1.0 HFeO2(-a)

-1.5
Fe
H2O Limits
-2.0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Hydrometallurgy\M\Fe25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Fe 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) Fe - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0

1.5 FeO*OH
Fe(+3a)

1.0

0.5 FeO2(-a)

0.0 Fe(+2a)

-0.5
Fe(OH)2 Fe3O4

-1.0 HFeO2(-a)

-1.5
Fe
H2O Limits
-2.0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Hydrometallurgy\M\Fe25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Fe 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) Fe - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0

1.5 FeO*OH
Fe(+3a)

1.0

FeO2(-a)
0.5

0.0 Fe(+2a)

Fe(OH)2
-0.5

-1.0 HFeO2(-a)

-1.5
Fe
H2O Limits
-2.0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Hydrometallurgy\M\Fe25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Fe 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) Fe - H2O - System at 25.00, 40.00, 60.00 and 80.00 C
1.0
Fe(+3a) 80
60
40
25 Fe2O3 4025
8060
80
0.8 60
40
25

0.6

0.4

8060
0.2 4025

0.0
8060
4025

-0.2

Fe(+2a) H2O limits

-0.4
-3 -1 1 3 5 7
C:\Documents pH
:\Documents
\Documents
ELEMENTS Molality Pressure
Documents
Fe 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
ocuments
Eh (Volts) Fe - H2O - System at 25.00, 40.00, 60.00 and 80.00 C
2.0

1.5 Fe2O3
80
60
Fe(+3a) 40
25

1.0
80
60
40
25
25
40
FeO2(-a)
60
80 80 60 40 25
0.5
80
60
40
25

0.0
806040
25
Fe(+2a) 8060 4025
-0.5 80
60
40
25
25
40 Fe3O4
60
80
25
40
60
80
40 25
-1.0 60
25
80 40 25
HFeO2(-a)
60 40
80 25 60
40 80
60
80
-1.5
Fe
H2O limits
-2.0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Hydrometallurgy\M\Fe25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Fe 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) C - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0

1.5
H2CO3(a)
HCO3(-a)
1.0 CO3(-2a)

0.5

0.0 C

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5 CH4(a)

H2O Limits
-2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

D:\HSC5\EpH\C25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

C 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) N - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0
NO3(-a)
1.5

1.0

0.5
N2(a)

0.0

-0.5

-1.0
NH4(+a) NH3(a)
-1.5

H2O Limits
-2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

D:\HSC5\EpH\N25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

N 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) Cl - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0
ClO4(-a)

1.5 Cl2(a)

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5 Cl(-a)

-1.0

-1.5

H2O Limits
-2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

D:\HSC5\EpH\Cl25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Cl 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) Ag - H2O - System at 25.00 C
1.6

1.4 AgO2

1.2
Ag(+a)
1.0
Ag2O

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Ag

-0.2
H2O Limits
-0.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

D:\HSC5\EpH\Ag25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Ag 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Eh (Volts) Ag - Cl - H2O - System at 25.00 C
2.0
ClO4(-a)
AgO2

1.5
Ag

Cl
Ag
1.0
Cl Cl Ag
Cl
AgCl
0.5 AgCl4(-a)

Ag
Cl
0.0

Ag
-0.5

Ag
Cl(-a)
-1.0

-1.5
H2O limits
-2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
D:\HSC5\EpH\AgCl25.iep pH

ELEMENTS Molality Pressure

Ag 1.000E+00 1.000E+00
Cl 1.000E+00 1.000E+00