Lithium Ion Battery: Simplified Simulink Model Using MATLAB

MATLAB Version
Lithium Ion Battery

Simplified Simulink Model
using MATLAB
Bee Technologies
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Contents
1. Benefit of the Model

2. Model Feature
3. Simulink Model of Lithium-Ion Battery
4. Concept of the Model
5. Pin Configurations
6. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform - 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
6.2.4 Discharge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
7. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit - NS=4, TSCALE=3600
7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform - NS=4, TSCALE=3600
7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit - NS=4, TSCALE=3600
7.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform - NS=4, TSCALE=3600
7.3 Charge & Discharge Time (Simulation Settings)
8. Port Specifications
Simulation Index
Appendix Diode

1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery

runtime and circuit performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications

by editing a few parameters that are provided in the datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the

simulation time

2. Model Feature
Battery Circuit Model
• This Li-Ion Battery Simplified Simulink Model is for users who require the
model of a Li-Ion Battery as a part of their system.
• Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can
perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions,
are accounted by the model.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.

3. Simulink Model of Lithium-Ion Battery
PLUS
1
2
MINUS
Equivalent Circuit of Lithium-Ion Battery Model using Matlab

4. Concept of the Model
Li-Ion battery
+
Simplified Simulink Model Output
[Spec: C, NS] Characteristics
Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%) -

• The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery
capacity and SOC, which represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as a behavioral
model.
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Li-ion cells are in series to
increase battery voltage level.
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5. Pin Configurations
Model Parameters:
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.2, 1.4, or 2.0 [Ah]
Probe
“SOC”
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent

– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=100
for a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second

– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second
• From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
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6. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)
Battery capacity is input Table 1

as a model parameter
Nominal Voltage 3.7V
Nominal
Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
Capacity
Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V
Charging Std. Current 700mA
Charge 1400mA
Max Current
Discharge 2800mA
Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V
• The battery information refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY.
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6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
Datasheet Simulation
%SOC
Voltage=4.20V
Current=700mA
(Second)
• Charging Voltage: 4.20V±0.05V

SOC=0 means battery start • Charging Current: 700mA (0.5C Charge)
from 0% of capacity (empty)
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6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic
 Simulation Circuit
Input Voltage
Over-Voltage Protector:
(Charging Voltage*1) - VF of Diode
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6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic
 Simulation Settings
Table 2: Simulation settings

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 12000
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000
NumberNewtonIterations 1
MaxStep 1
MinStep auto
MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
SolverType Variable-step
SolverJacobianMethodControl auto
ShapePreserveControl DisableAll
ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings
ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive
SolverResetMethod Fast
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6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C discharge rates.
battery starts from 100% of capacity

(fully charged)
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6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform
 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
0.2C discharge (280mA)
(Second)
• Nominal Voltage: 3.7V

• Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75V
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(Second)

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(Second)

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6.2.4 Discharge Time Characteristic

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 24000, 9600, 4800
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
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6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Datasheet Simulation
4.40
4.20
4.00 0.2C
3.80
Voltage (V)
0.5C
3.60
1C
3.40
3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2
Capacity (%)
Simulation
1.2
Discharge Capacity
1.0
(%vs. 0.2C)
0.8
0.6
0.4
Mesurement
0.2
Simulation
0.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Battery Discharge Current (vs. C Rate)

• Capacity: 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
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6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
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6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 19200
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
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7. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
 NS=4, TSCALE=3600
The number of cells in

Li-ion needs 4 cells to
series is input as a model
reach this voltage level
parameter Basic Specification
Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V
Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh
Input Voltage DC 20.5V
Charging Time About 5 hours
1 hour into a second

(in simulation)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN

Co., Ltd.
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7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit
Number of Cells
Input Voltage
Over-Voltage Protector:
(Charging Voltage  4) - VF of Diode
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7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform
The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged
Capacity=100%
BATTERY PACK LI-ION 12.8~16.4V

Number of Cells: 4
Voltage=16.8V
Current=880mA
(hour)
• Input Voltage: 20.5V

• Charging Voltage: 16.8V
• Charging Current: 880mA (0.2 Charge)
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7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit
Number of Cells
• Output Voltage: 12.8~16.4V

• Capacity: 4400mAh
• Discharge Current: 2200mA (0.5C)
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BATTERY PACK LI-ION 12.8~16.4V

Number of Cells: 4
16.4V
2200mA (0.5C)
Output
voltage
range
12.8V
(hour)
• Output Voltage: 12.8~16.4V

• Capacity: 4400mAh
• Discharge Current: 2200mA (0.5C)
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7.3 Charge & Discharge Time

Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 8, 3
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxStep 0.01
MinStep auto
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
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8. Port Specifications
Table 6
Parameter Simulink Simscape
NS O
C O
TSCALE O
%SOC O
VSOC O
PLUS O
MINUS O
Battery Model
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Simulation Index
Simulations Folder name
1. Charge Time Characteristic.................................................. Charge_Time

2. Discharge Time Characteristic.............................................. Discharge_Time
3. Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic................................................... Discharge_SOC
4. Charge Time Characteristic - NS=4, TSCALE=3600............. Charge_Time(NS)
5. Discharge Time Characteristic - NS=4, TSCALE=3600......... Discharge_Time(NS)
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Appendix
If Diode is error, Please choice Diode of SPICE-Compatiable
Semiconductors/Diode

Appendix
Setting of Diode
Emission coefficient ,ND Default Value change 0.01

Lithium Ion Battery: Simplified Simulink Model Using MATLAB

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MATLAB Version

Lithium Ion Battery

1. Benefit of the Model

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 2

• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery

• The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications

• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3

Battery Circuit Model

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 4

Equivalent Circuit of Lithium-Ion Battery Model using Matlab

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 5

Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%) -

SOC is the initial state of charge in percent

TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second

Battery capacity is input Table 1

Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V

Charging Std. Current 700mA

Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V

• Charging Voltage: 4.20V±0.05V

Table 2: Simulation settings

battery starts from 100% of capacity

0.2C discharge (280mA)

• Nominal Voltage: 3.7V

0.5C discharge (700mA)

• Nominal Voltage: 3.7V

1.0C discharge (1400mA)

• Nominal Voltage: 3.7V

Table 3: Simulation settings

Battery Discharge Current (vs. C Rate)

Table 4: Simulation settings

The number of cells in

Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V

Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh

Input Voltage DC 20.5V

Charging Time About 5 hours

1 hour into a second

• The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN

BATTERY PACK LI-ION 12.8~16.4V

• Input Voltage: 20.5V

• Output Voltage: 12.8~16.4V

BATTERY PACK LI-ION 12.8~16.4V

• Output Voltage: 12.8~16.4V

Table 5: Simulation settings

Parameter Simulink Simscape

Simulations Folder name

1. Charge Time Characteristic.................................................. Charge_Time

All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 28

Emission coefficient ,ND Default Value change 0.01

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