LO Science and Technology A. Match the examples to each catagory below. hardware © substances. * applidices * living organisms machinery ® working with computer programs, vacuum cleaner, microwave oven, Keto keyboard, hard disk, modem solid, liquid, fui, gas bacteria, virus, microbe instal, download, upgrade microscope, test tube, seriizer ‘motor, boller, generator appliances, ry when working on this unit laboratory equipment B. WHAT ANE THEY TALKING ABOUT? Match each speaker to tne correct word below. ‘surveillance © virtual reality * compound » emission © hacking © patent © cyberspace (Citizens are worried that he 6 security cameras wil mca 8 oss of privacy “Pr SB 2 ‘Apical example, carbon dioxide, 6 is composed of to atoms of oxygen| ‘nd one atom of cathon. 3. A 14-year-old boy managed 10 access 1. é Ba he ank' cea veces 4. amy ‘The power station releases tons of FB AZ, cere ene anton iS @ "y ay LEG AS the Fist persn 1 register the device, only he has the legal right to manufacture i Tox sara eal wh es sient ge ou ren (inne aly at pe "when you press "send"? ) a ‘where exactly do emails go ‘©. Read the encyclopaedia entry and fil in the blanks. Make any necessary changes. Which word means: Biotechnology Biotechnology is a biological science that makes use of bacteria, plant and animal Ces for industrial and technological purposes for the benefit of humans. For example, in order to make farm animals grow faster, scientists genetically Modlly microbes to produce artificial growth hormones which are then fed to the | animals. Vaccines against human diseases lke Hepatitis 8 have 1 2 been genetically engineered inthe laboratory Genetic engineers. © ‘can also change genetic codes. in humans, replacing a missing or defective gene could be a way to treat some diseases. The most extreme example of genetic engineering is producing a lone (an identical copy ofa ving creature). These Procedures Involve tampering with natuze and there is great public concern ‘about the ethics and safety of genetic engineering, 126 the smallest part of an animal or plant that ean ‘unction independently, ator synthetic o natural substance produced by the body that ‘controls bodiy processes ‘substance put into the body to cause immunity toadisease faulty : method of doing something (wongly) change or interfere with something principles of right or wrongBOOST YOUR VOCABULARY COLLocaTiONS ‘The verbs below are commonly used when talking about science and technology. Cross out the noun in each line which is not normally used with the verb given. make abreakthrough an expefiment an attempt a discovery 0 research harm fn experiment a change 3. develop amethod software a theory a mistake raise awareness access expectations money 5. get improvements results an idea permission 3, take risks precautions contr! encouragement 7 reach the top ‘3 conclusion ‘an arrangement a compromise PHRASAL VERBS out Complete the sentences with the correct fun uf the verbs. What does wach phrasal verb mean? filter ~ give » try» phase © take » figure = single = sort ‘Tho telecommunicatons company plans 10 ut use of all non-aigital ines. can't ut how to install this software ve out a year's subscription to Science Manthiy magazine. 4. Aight bulb out a small amount of heat as well a light This paperwork is ina mess ~ we'll have to itout 8 Mrs Jones ‘out my project as one of the best and showed i tothe whole sero 7. George couldn't walt to get home and ‘out his new laptop 8. New technology enables factories to ‘out harmful substances from their emissions. RELATED WORDS. looking seeing Complete the following texts using the correct form of the verbs given, fl waa a THE NIGHT SKY aoe T MOVI stare « peer © emvieage © view glimpse make out » gaze witness 1893 saw the appearance of what were Ir ean be both ed Ins its posse () probably the fst motion pictores. Ata trade distant planet or bitly 3) Fair in Americ, crowds quoted up at, On special ascasions you may } wo ‘second-long lick hacky enough o 4) on and whitefly. As they were ans ech stronomical phenomenon like an eclipse ofthe moon EE tue piscovery or PENICH. observe ~ notice inv 2 to | tote ina box 10 sce the moving pictures. When the fst public screening ofa ane took plo | tm 1928 sexander Flsming. top tra img bacteria He (1) roby could (4) at each hefore washing it and ine dish he searece neers me sunken ‘mo He went onto perform a number of experiments » the eet of he mould on obs bia Bot wax mul 10 ht a Wa of sere J “ Wy Howard Florey an Es Chain htt manage t price emagh perlin ob se i inl WS 127D. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED Complete the sentences using the correct word. Make any necessary changes. 1 compromise comprise compile trangplant ranctor tranetorm discover Invent explore evolution Progress bdvance typical ordinary natal! inser Inject ‘a. It took hours of negotiation before the two sides agreed to . Combinations of four proteins the genetic code of each gone. ©. The researchers al the statistics they had gathered. ‘a. Mobile phones have the way people communicate b. Computer networks allow information to be ‘easly from one location to ancther. fe. The doctors ‘a kidney and the operation was successful Scientists claim to have sown Bacteria on Mars. Tey says he's ‘new robotic device and he's already applied for the patent. © We spent our frst day in Beri the city’s museums and galleries. a. The new vaccine isa mse ©, The now fossil nde may tl Us about human commen cola We. sve Of John not 000d the instruction manual Cyoerime is becoming mere. - a8 more busines & done onthe Internet A coned arial iackeperfecty in the fight against the disease. ‘in mecical weatrents But we stil can’t cure the a. You have to your key card to open the door The experiment involves the drug into mice to check tor side effects. We ‘9 burglar alarm in our house, E. WORD FORMATION Nouns for people are often formed with the sutfixes -or,-ian, -er or -ist act active an beauty biology acter. Complete the chart by putting the following words under the correct headings. campaign rama operate supervise comedy economy history own suive competition sleet invent plitios technical ‘consume fenvironment law research translate create explore magic ‘science vegetable curate genetics manufacture special voeal “ian cer st 2. Anawer the following questions ting the nouns you formad in Exercise 1. There may be more than one Possible answer. Which people 1. ae involved in entertainment / the arts? 2. fight to change others’ opinions? 3. might work in an office? 128Other cuties used to form words for people are -al, ant, ive, 4, -ent, -person. 3. Answer the following questions using the words in colour. ‘What do you call somebody who ... 1. commits a crime? on. FINAL 2. keeps accounts? 3. represents somebody? 4. fixes machines? 5, speaks on behalf of a group? 6. depends on somebody financially? 7. ties to detect the truth? 8. chal a meeting? METAPHOR AND MEANING We often use words connected with machines and tools to talk about how we work and speak. Label these tools and machine parts with the following words. hammer * button © screw © wheel © clockwork * spanner * gear a | 2. Mateh each sentence with the most appropriate ending. 1. Things here are running lke clockwork We'll have to hammer the message home “Th msmarch team will ave to gat inte gma it We will tighten the screws on lawbreakers 4 ‘They threw a spanner in the works when In my business, the tools of the trade include ‘a. as i's important they realise we mean business. they announced they were pulling out of the talks. © mathematical knowledge and a goad memory. 1d. thanks to your organisational sil e.by introducing high-tech survellance. {they want to make a breakthrough, 3. Now write the expressions in Exercise 2 next to the correct meanings below. strongly emphasise prevent something from happening as planned start working etfectvely ‘essential skis, clamp down on {90 smoothly 129G. MULTIPLE MEANINGS monitor screen web Complete the sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. 1. He instructed his secretary to .....8@P@2N..... mis cals, 2. Asspide is never far away from its 3. Adding... between the desks would allow for some privacy 4. The hardware package includes a 17-inch 5. Simon deceived his wite with a flies. ©. Women over 50 are regulary ‘or breast cancer, 7. Jenny was elected a lbeAry wane ti tA 8, He sold the suns fights to his novel for a milion dollars. 9, The government says itis, the situation before deciding on a course of action 10. He's busy designing his own - page. IN OTHER WORDS Match each formal sentence with its informal paraphrase. 1. The batteries occasionally need recharging. ‘a. You only have to recharge them once in a while You must recharge them over and over again. 2. Inspections are held on a regular basi. a. They have inspections at set times. They do inspections in time. 8. Vaccines wil shorty be availabe. ‘a, There's time to spare before tho vaccines come. 'b,_Its just a matter of time until the vaccines are here, 4. The problem is invariably 4 vies 1, Just this once a virus was the problem. I's nearly always the case that a virus is to blame. We have made a provisional arrangement. 4 The arrangement is just for the time being 1. We can take our time, Appliances have a tendency to maifunction. Appliances break down one at atime, I's pretty common for appliances to break ‘Such experiments are increasingly common, a They are done mote and more often, b._ They are becoming less important. CCleaner fusle are boing gradually introduced. ‘a. The change ls happening bit by bi The introduction is coming inthe nick of time, ‘A. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Complete the second sentence go that It has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, Including the word given. 1. They have to test all donated blood to check for infectious diseases. SCREENED {Al donated blood .. 2. The festival was so well organised that everything went smoothly. CLOCKWORK. Everything at the festival Infectious diseases. ‘thanks to the excellent organisation. 3. Both parties wil have to accopt lass than they are demanding on this issue. REACH Tne two sides 4. tis impossible to give crecit for this discovery to only one person, SINGLED 'No one can be = responsible for this discovery, 5. Jack would make an excuse ~ that's just Ike him, TYPICAL Ma 6. An atom consists of smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. COMPRISED ‘An atom . called protons, neutrons and electrons. 130 ‘on this issue. wholly make an excuse. ‘smaller particlesB. MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space. GENETIC ENGINEERING ‘Scientists have always tried to make things better, stronger and faster. In the previous two centuries the emphasis ‘was on machines: from household (1)... to reusable spacecraft. However, the (2)... inthis century cannot be @) ... without a microscope as genetic engineering changes the world from within. From disease-resstant crops 10 pigs with low-fat moat, researchers have (4)... numerous breakthroughs by (6)... the genetic make-up of animals and plants. But wha could have imagined that gaats would he able to produze spider sik’? Spider sil ie ‘an amazing (6) ...~ ts five times stronger than steel, yet light enough to make protective clothing, Unfortunately, ‘spiders cannot be farmed because they have a (7)... to eat each other! However, gonetio engineers have finally (8) how to produce the protein (2)... on @ large scale by creating transgenic goats. The gene for producing ‘the sik protein was inserted into goat embryos and when these reach (10)... they make the protein in thee milk ‘Once extracted from the milk, the protein's made into a fibre almost identical tothe sik of a spider's (1) Innovations lke this are incredible and seem likely to become increasingly common, but they (12)... serious issues about the right of human beings to tamper with the DNA of animals in this way. 1A buttons B compourats © epptances D soltwae 2. & advance B progress © machinery 1D recoarch 3. A gazed B watched © stared D_ viewed 4. A taken B made © done D come 5. A mositying B tampering © vansterring D creating 6. A emission B patent © substance D tiquia 7. A precaution B tendency © procedure D conclusion 8. A phased out B taken out © fitored out D- figured out 8. A. shorty 8 atiteialy © provisionally BD erainarily 40. A immaturity B age © adutthoos D top 11. A wo B what © ine D coll 42. A develop Braise © sort out D give out ©. WORD FORMATION Uso the word givon in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word, that fits in the gap in the same line. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU ‘Technology has changed the way we live and particularly how we communicate, But beware ~ every phone call you make and every site on the Internet you vist can be recorded, and this data can be made available to the authorities upon request. A(t). ew law will give government departments in CONTROVERSY Britain the right to access these records without our (2) Perea However, civil liberties (3) ‘xe fighting to stop this law, CAMPAIGN caling it an invasion of (4) But the truth is that all of PRIVATE. mere under sent constant 5) seyueny It a well-known eee) fact that hidden cameras 6). sevens ih Shops and on strest corners INSTALL record our (7) ‘At airports today, security has been Move Bn ‘and nearly all passangers are screened, Pictures and data ‘TGHT from these sources can be accessed by the police looking out for (9) GRIME particularly terorsts ‘The authorities claim that in order to ive in @ safer society, we Must (10) so Occasion accept some limits to our freedom. How fr can they be alowed o take away an inchs right t lead his file in private? 131