No. 2 2. Antipolo Realty CORP v.

NHA

EN BANC

153 SCRA 399

ANTIPOLO REALTY CORPORATION, petitioner, vs. NATIONAL HOUSING

AUTHORITY, HON. G.V. TOBIAS, in his capacity as General Manager of the National
Housing Authority, THE HON. JACOBO C. CLAVE, in his capacity as Presidential
Executive Assistant and VIRGILIO A. YUSON, respondents. 

Principle: Origin and Development of Administrative LawGrowth and Utilization of

Administrative Agencies

FELICIANO, J.:

FACTS:

On 18 August 1970, Jose Hernando acquired prospective and beneficial

ownership over Lot. No. 15, Block IV of the Ponderosa Heights Subdivision in Antipolo,
Rizal, from the petitioner Antipolo Realty Corporation under a Contract to Sell. On 28
August 1974, Mr. Hernando transferred his rights over the said lot to private respondent
Virgilio Yuson, embodied in a Deed of Assignment and Substitution of Obligor, executed
with the consent of Antipolo Realty, in which Mr. Yuson assumed the performance of
the vendee’s obligations under the original contract, including payment of his
predecessor’s installments in arrears. However, for failure of Antipolo Realty to develop
the subdivision project in accordance with its undertaking under Clause 17 of the
Contract to Sell (subdivision beautification), Mr. Yuson paid only the arrearages
pertaining to the period up to, and including, the month of August 1972 and stopped all
monthly installment payments falling due thereafter.

On 14 October 1976, the president of Antipolo Realty sent a notice to private

respondent Yuson advising that the required improvements in the subdivision had
already been completed, and requesting resumption of payment of the monthly
installments on Lot No. 15. For his part, Mr. Yuson replied that he would conform with
the request as soon as he was able to verify the truth of the representation in the notice.
In a second letter dated 27 November 1976, Antipolo Realty reiterated its request, citing
the decision rendered by the National Housing Authority (NHA) on 25 October 1976 in
Case No. 252 (entitled "Jose B. Viado Jr., complainant vs. Conrado S. Reyes,
respondent") declaring Antipolo Realty to have "substantially complied with its
commitment to the lot buyers pursuant to the Contract to Sell. A formal demand was
made for full and immediate payment of the amount of P16,994.73, representing
installments which, Antipolo Realty alleged, had accrued during the period while the
improvements were being completed — i.e., between September 1972 and October
1976.

Mr. Yuson refused to pay the September 1972 - October 1976 monthly
installments but agreed to pay the post October 1976 installments. Antipolo Realty
responded by rescinding the Contract to Sell, and claiming the forfeiture of all
No. 2 2. Antipolo Realty CORP v. NHA

installment payments previously made by Mr. Yuson. Aggrieved by the rescission of the
Contract to Sell, Mr. Yuson brought his dispute with Antipolo Realty before NHA.
Antipolo Realty filed a motion to dismiss, which NHA denied. After hearing, the NHA
rendered a decision on 9 March 1978 ordering the reinstatement of the Contract to Sell.
Antipolo Realty filed a Motion for Reconsideration asserting that the jurisdiction to hear
and decide Mr. Yuson’s complaint was lodged in the regular courts, not in the NHA,
since that complaint involved the interpretation and application of the Contract to Sell.
The motion for reconsideration was denied on 28 June 1978 by NHA General Manager
G.V. Tobias, who sustained the jurisdiction of the NHA to hear and decide the Yuson
complaint.

ISSUE: Whether or not in hearing the complaint of Yuson and in ordering the
reinstatement of the Contract to Sell between the parties NHA assumed the
performance of judicial or quasi-judicial functions which it was not authorized to perform

RULING:

No. It is by now commonplace learning that many administrative agencies

exercise and perform adjudicatory powers and functions, though to a limited extent only.
Limited delegation of judicial or quasi- judicial authority to administrative agencies (e.g.,
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Labor Relations
Commission) is well recognized in our jurisdiction, basically because the need for
special competence and experience has been recognized as essential in the resolution
of questions of complex or specialized character and because of a companion
recognition that the dockets of our regular courts have remained crowded and clogged.

The Court held that under the law creating NHA it is empowered to regulate the
real estate trade and business involving specific performance of contractual and
statutory obligations filed by buyers of subdivision lots or condominium units against the
owner, developer, dealer, broker or salesman.

Neither did the NHA commit any abuse, let alone a grave abuse of discretion or
act in excess of its jurisdiction when it ordered the reinstatement of the Contract to Sell
between the parties. Such reinstatement is no more than a logical consequence of the
NHA’s correct ruling, just noted, that the petitioner was not entitled to rescind the
Contract to Sell. There is in any case, no question that under Presidential Decree No.
957, the NHA was legally empowered to determine and protect the rights of contracting
parties under the law administered by it and under the respective agreements, as well
as to ensure that their obligations thereunder are faithfully performed.

The Court held that under the "sense-making and expeditious doctrine of primary
jurisdiction, the courts cannot or will not determine a controversy involving a question
which is within the jurisdiction of an administrative tribunal where the question demands
the exercise of sound administrative discretion requiring the special knowledge,
experience, and services of the administrative tribunal to determine technical and
intricate matters of fact, and a uniformity of ruling is essential to comply with the
purposes of the regulatory statute administered."
No. 2 2. Antipolo Realty CORP v. NHA

WHEREFORE, the Petition for certiorari is DISMESSED. The petitioner’s arguments

laining in merit. The NHA decision appealed from is hereby AFFIRMED. No
pronouncement as to costs.

RATIO: In general, the quantum of judicial or quasi-judicial powers which an

administrative agency may exercise is defined in the enabling act of such agency. In
other words, the extent to which an administrative entity may exercise such powers
depends largely, if not wholly, on the provisions of the statute creating or empowering
such agency. In the exercise of such powers, the agency concerned must commonly
interpret and apply contracts and determine the rights of private parties under such
contracts. One thrust of the multiplication of administrative agencies is that the
interpretation of contracts and the determination of private rights thereunder is no
longer a uniquely judicial function, exercisable only by our regular courts.