Employee engagement is not a new concept.

Indeed, work psychologists first began describing

employee engagement back in the early 1990s. Back then, the creator of the concept, William Kahn,
identified engagement as having three elements – physical engagement, cognitive engagement and
emotional engagement.
Physical engagement involves employees applying their physical and mental energies wholly to their
job performance. Cognitive engagement relates to the need for employees to be acutely aware of
and aligned with the organisational strategy and know what they need to deliver the optimal return
on their work efforts; emotional engagement concerns the degree to which employees feel
connected and trust the organisation and its members.

Keterlibatan fisik melibatkan karyawan yang

menerapkan energi fisik dan mental mereka
sepenuhnya untuk kinerja pekerjaan mereka.
Keterlibatan kognitif berkaitan dengan kebutuhan
karyawan untuk benar-benar sadar dan selaras dengan
strategi organisasi dan mengetahui apa yang mereka
butuhkan untuk memberikan hasil yang optimal atas
upaya kerja mereka; keterlibatan emosional
menyangkut sejauh mana karyawan merasa terhubung
dan mempercayai organisasi dan anggotanya.