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Analog Communication
Assignment 4 (Corresponding to Lecture 15-18 Amplitude Modulation)

Question 1:

Consider the following signal: x(t) = A cos(ωc t). Suppose, the signal is passed
through an imperfect multiplier which multiplies y(t) = cos [(ωc + ∆ω)t + ∆θ] to the
input signal x(t). If the output of the multiplier is passed through a low-pass filter,
then the average output power is independent of ∆θ, if ∆ω 6= 0.

a. True

b. False

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
A
The output of the multiplier is given by: z(t) = x(t)y(t) = {cos [(2ωc + ∆ω)t + ∆θ]+
2
cos(∆ωt + ∆θ)}.
A
After passing through the low-pass filter, we obtain: z1 (t) = cos(∆ωt + ∆θ). If
2
A2
6 0, output power= .
∆ω =
8
Note that average power is independent of ∆θ as long as ∆ω 6= 0.

Question 2:

Consider the following signal: x(t) = A cos(ωc t). Suppose, the signal is passed
through an imperfect multiplier which multiplies y(t) = cos [(ωc + ∆ω)t + ∆θ] to the
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input signal x(t). If the output of the multiplier is passed through a low-pass filter,
then the average output power is independent of ∆θ, if ∆ω = 0.
a. True

b. False
Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
A
If, ∆ω = 0, then the output of the low-pass filter is: z1 (t) = cos(∆θ)
2

Question 3:

If the modulation index of AM wave is increased from 0 to 0.5, the transmitted

power
a. increases by 12.5%

b. increases by 25%

c. increases by 50%

d. None of these
Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
A2c
For 0 modulation index P0 = A2c /2. For modulation index of 0.5, P1 = 2
(1+(0.52 /2)).
P1 /P0 = 1.125. Hence increase in power is by 12.5%.

Question 4:
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The output of an Amplitude Modulated (AM) is given as:

y(t) = 2 sin(3800πt) + 16 cos(4000πt) − 2 sin(4200πt)

If the signal is expressed as: y(t) = A (1 + µ cos(2πfm t)) cos(2πfc t), then find
{fm , fc }. Note that, fm is the bandwidth of the baseband signal while fc is the
frequency of the carrier. The DC value of the message signal is 0.

a. fm = 100, fc = 1000

b. fm = 50, fc = 1000

c. fm = 100, fc = 2000

d. fm = 50, fc = 2000

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
Note that,

y(t) = 2 sin(3800πt) + 16 cos(4000πt) − 2 sin(4200πt)

= 2{sin(3800πt) − sin(4200πt)} + 16 cos(4000πt)
= 16 [1 − 0.25 sin(200πt)] cos(4000πt)

Therefore, fm = 100, fc = 2000.

Question 5:

For the signal given in Q4, find the modulation index µ and amplitude of the
carrier A.

a. µ = 0.125, A = 32

b. µ = 0.25, A = 32
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c. µ = 0.125, A = 16
d. µ = 0.25, A = 16
Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
Clearly we have, µ = 0.25, A = 16 from the above solution.

Question 6:

For the signal given in Q4, find the power efficiency of the modulation scheme
with respect to the SSB.
a. 1/9
b. 1/6
c. 1/3
d. None
Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
The message signal is, m(t) = 4 cos(200πt). Power of the message signal is = 8.
Therefore, power of the sideband is = 4. Carrier power = A2 /2 = 128. Therefore,
power efficiency = 4/(4 + 128) = 1/33.

Question 7:

The figure given below shows the positive portion of the envelope of the output of
an AM modulator. The message signal is a waveform having DC value of 5 Volts.
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The carrier power is:

a. 200 W

b. 312.5 W

c. 450 W

d. None

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
As DC value of the message signal is 5 Volts, carrier amplitude is 25 Volts and hence,
carrier power is 312.5 W.

Question 8:

For the same figure of 7, find the Modulation Index.

a. 0.5

b. 0.8
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c. 1
d. None
Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
As carrier amplitude is 25 Volts, the peak message amplitude is 20 Volts. So,
Modulation Index is 0.8.

Question 9:

For the same figure of Q7, find the side band power.
a. 50 W
b. 100 W
c. 200 W
d. None
Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
Observe that m(t) = 5 + 3t; 0 < t ≤ 5 and m(t) = −25 + 3t; 5 < t ≤ 10.
Z 5 Z 10
2 1 2
m (t) = [ (5 + 3t) dt + (3t − 25)2 dt] = 100
10 0 5

So, sideband power = 100/2 = 50 W.

Question 10:
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Consider a signal m(t) consisting of pulses representing random bits of 1’s and
0’s. The probability of occurrence of 1 is 3/4 and that of 0 is 1/4. The bit 1 is
represented by a pulse of amplitude +2 and duty cycle 50%. On the other hand, 0 is
represented by a pulse of amplitude −2 and duty cycle 100%. Find the power of the
modulated signal m(t) cos(ωc t), where ωc is much higher than the bandwidth of m(t).

a. 1.25 W

b. 2 W

c. 4 W

d. None

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
3 1
Average power of m(t) = × 22 /2 + × (−2)2 = 2.5. Therefore, power of the
4 4
modulated signal is: 2.5/2 = 1.25 W.