Assignment 1 Module theory & Homo. Algebra Submitted by Name : Arshad Roll no : 19MMM-31 Enrolment -GJ5658 Class : M.Sc(final)Bat 3009 by a popecton of a medule X pver R we mean ax eeudomonsphiire p fe module x Babtoyyrg Pees lee X be a module ever R whit & the déect sun fd ga Ly Fe FX Liem 7 gf Submodules Xo Trove that T a wnigye fernily Fpl x xlienp of, Prfectone of x such el “ROD = Xv ancl BOs 0 whew (+). Neo stew Gal fo, vey wex pron? all but exept atmest a finite ruunbe, of dives ee Pe se fon oe pe ¥ Boliliia’” Cy. that X & module AR and th a dbo Sum of foniy Fo fxyt temp op sulemotee f X wa X= Ex => eve element fEX ba fim— Bae Suet tial fiiy 0 telde for all “lactoo , except atmest a flute. number of tnelicer jer New, bt us “a 2 family Fpecx ex [EMy 1 pe tony nee DH : ° 3M — vEM . New we dept PX > by, (bop . te ¢ are (e all 2Eex; ) Then for pp 2X—>X ¢ td PS ROYE Ky br&e © i Sucle tok 2i)= 0 for all except atmost a Piste ruber of action JEM anol reat) aeeXy fos feite nueabery +. ¢ ity TPiXx erp ab a foruity of bet RbeP te : Buel lial BOER ack ROY )= 0 wll i4f, thu PME X= Nene wie ee TP Ol ti) = xt) vw iemClaes pe ck 2 Cemonronplison aw ieM fy any % Y EX [Remo = cet eat rg) = (Rose t Les pje) = pert RIPTO a (EM > pepe poo + pa aa aerk Cb: ao] a) = (% rei) = % (xi) > pla) = eapiy apoyay = RD wiem 2p p wa “Foowonto pai (a fem) > P ib ace enclonon phism alem C% py rx—7X) claus: b.o . : ee iho) (Gondergn = (rae! ete = [Aeyle) wiem > bpehe@ = lies ye ex > Rep = hv ~ Pp Ea pryjete on X ca mn ent Pe ihe xx lien} a fosity of prec Clete we Te family Pe fp 1x on lief ck wsitgue une to the coutory Gat 1 be anatn, foly aa pe Ppeincon tem} 7 Bok = he Biexjexy ancl ployee wlen Fy Pf afte ec) (key Mi) ap > plore Boy pee * rem (fet any xex) = ple P Wisse. f ° we fovrily of prgeetoes OX FR :X>X emf ik cuugueHeree here exit 2 wat fanedl jeetoss Push» x +x [lem om X- Suele toot” pays Xe LF PI Pate } Now, Fon eve EX we fave poiX—->X, > poex= Zr, EM > tn 5M —> Yee 2 (Fo) ) =O folds fr ll except atmost fewte no. 4 jem =? BO) =O hold fos all exept admoct firute ro of Leal Now, fox HEX W bix)e Xe 2S hoo = %y p* eak (em ____- @ ee et Zoe P HEX +-. - + Rat — - Xpe 2ti) =o for all except fiute no. of fem Pome hy — ( from D) Behe i ane Boo andl We Boys for all except a faute no. of (em DP WS + yt — tH = bey + poe —-+ B& Howe, ee Zhe (proved)Buet Ot ) Lee He FRx * tiem f be au vijockioe peepretectition of the module % ovr R ak a diect suum - Preve tect at eee el ceuy ca Aevwomorphint of medulee Auch Thad (ta compesdint Ig . ; te teviel femenorphiont + yp h aad K te entity Aemounorephsr ¥ jek. Hae. fie cad Fea 4 “2 menonorplipre anol ie au epinorphure’ Fistieymore we alto fave X = Foote) @) kerlp) & cue tem - The Wwe fauulie Hand G ort Said th constitude a complete repnesectihion of tha medule X 26 @ diet Sun HG pitea teat Ho § 4X —> x; [Dem 6 ae jective Pipraaitalion yf tree module X WER anol whee x SIX; (ém . andl where Ay! Xp x= fERe & facet 2 Bevin = rr Yel pm ex; Cg fT Mow Let mt depure 4x by WO= 70 © Perea xe if a oe a > EX yg) 2 2 (OG = Mth, y teaser gf hamaadigg = $9 > “4p Mew we shew that 9 of vy» | . Foe ory oy @ Xe Dye ty 2X ya a thememasephicinnIti #1) 2 I Gorn) « Fob md jek 0 a Lp henge singe % Fm Doe 4 pth . IG? AGO) CLE 2 Rely on + 44 OD for nek 4, a Ih 09 = AGO) = _ Heo) = an if fek ° yo fae = bots = Ye) 2 te fo = hel A a hememo rpbrion - 3 New we shew Groat Fey ea baidel Aemononpham t/ TR ant Maudib tomemnorphebn” if ja. The i xery 2 bjek Hoy Oy = Jp Geo) = / 4c (P= to 4 d#k > jeg = Ley fick (whee Td itectity Remomorpham J ancl john = Ooo $ HR (there 04 tivial Revomepleim ) m iphis sty s Fo and Jyoly = 0 Ff Ftk Be shod vat if menopporp hatin a ten we FE X! wile Boo = iy) mal oaes Mey dy Gh = hepeyy md ey sh gay a a > a = ie + Cty = if y #7 Le angelic fo shee 7’ pune mshucia dynes Buc toot 9, ( Kelli) = ‘icin fe Xo tres fou 5 WB sugestise . Hee fr is spimor platen «) To shew tot X= Jnlh)® kerlK) Take 2 Ex ws hoo + v- Key anct A(2- 400) = Jew -fpheor) = Khan ghey) =o = x- tyin) kere bee Re Pnth) f) Kes (FH) > Re forth) and pe kelf) 2 kK) fey sone REX ant & Jy(bI=0 So fueheth = RIAtk))= Atk) = O > Re Ker Goby x Foy C1 fool & ont-ont) > kso o> Jn(h.) O Ker (9) = fot Howe X= lh )O KG) — ( Proved)Gus OL let H= Thx x len} be any Peecion paprtectchbn of we module X ever Rag 2 clésect product - Pree fiat 2m waigue family 2x Fpctynan [Ce of te it ff modules Suste tat The competion Mgr te Enel iomennpbcs f#8 oe Catily Lemonsoyplativ ¢ Joh Hews. fe eaete sl Gi 4 & menome’ toe an IP Us an pone at Fosttormore we alto tave Re Sulgyt Revth) ¥4 iin 0 oon at Yo-$ hy N— Rehjay, % & prpeciie peproseriatio if thr module. X ore R 2 XY Ty Ki . Mog hex Xe decifiied at Llp) oft) Dprw Ge F Jy: xy > x isem fay, Bj — XE ten qo weat™ ¢ vd W REX ¢ Fi whicle & che a haomomorplidre B shew off, Ge Pomerco plane viwmp myer Fox hes heyy I) = & (perp) eo = YOmMA =f mye 4 bey Oo 4 Ry = FIP U +40) 4 hey o +o kay Ay (Gey) + 4Gw) )) hi, ©9 + Bey) n Ww= for EB (Ah) ax) = 4 (gery , 2 “Chay _ fx of feb = B= ce i’ &@ itt 4% peo a) = 4 2) oe > God da tom” eee we Shaw thal, hog y tively /+b _ heiy horn jo a ane aI hetj on = le = gm =F Te OL) Y= Led Hf job (estara 1 lteabity fomomesplesin andl (gop Jez) = 00) J (th (tee 0 a pavel homemo. ) 7 hey ety 4 =p hag = tive iy f4k To shew toot h “a meccoroseBheior fr feet GEM Toke cup my EX Ke) = A$? 2 fed = WH) he yas 08 D> 2G 2 fe & nonomonphione Do shew tet 4° i eplmaonpleire Bos on TEX’ we taro FeO EK ae Age) = HY) = D> hea Bogectioe of, ety veTo shew hak X = ge Ci) @) kerhy Tape wy xe X pe JOU t RH HO9 sad folwefrny) = feo i P0) 2 kGpey- Afr) =O ? 2- Je) Ekenh Let € goo (fa) 0 ker hp 2 REInCg) ant ke kerte D> he Fog por dome BEX, cud he fy(b)= 0 & hie igs Ml Hlkl) = blk) = 0 > he ke(hof) = foe lv totfe 6 ere one) => = 0 2 gulf) gq fer hy) = fot Huse X= px (fi) @ kort he)Duce Dex) Let X clonete the dévect product ff 2 fanth Fax (Hef of modula ove, & comets witeginl elena K - Reeve tect bee diviséhle Submoctule 5K) YX & the Veet precduct 6) = J BA) Drone tae relatioe ceduce that We diet product ¢ ang fowily ¢ divich/, modular & a divischfe module Molulion © Gree teat X= 7 Ku he we fave to prave at 8(x)= T BK) MEM Fst we shoe taat TM EKu) & BCX) Phe on a 7 LEZ Phe) > fim —> Y Su) fy € bX) Fae eaeke LLEM te Ea) & a divtzible Sutmodibe of Kae fob cate HEM 2 fl E Bu) EXy fot eneh LEM > POE, fee ale HEM > fi M— U Kae le. fé Fo eed fe bY we fave ts shew Meat afm f VY ote ER Suict, FU) € 8 Xu) “Em > a fled = fUd 0 0FnER , ¢ em p> (fivd= {2 > fap vw fex-The ,voprenk 2 FE) Ment TE B(Xu) & BX) —__®To show Wat SX) EN Fn) went Take wy f EES wm SKIER = JL Re cd ox fo) ~ fi ae he ancl for EX. + em bat nhs fv oF + ER (y fE5X) 2 kfud= foo eM a Af € 5K) - ey EB Xu) fp HEM D> LOE eX) 2 f° m— y sr) Le » fer 5X) Lem > SKE 7 Bk) D Hue we, Aue 54) = 7 EXu) Mean Now, det X LUA be dice product f cbittssle modules X, ien Let feX . dps ef meant fem Bike . 7 At fiery wie Lik? etbegporeecasen Sudo 2c Xt obivisible > af = fi) 7 OFFER, wien 2» afaf WT oF6ER 2X bh dublscbfeQue G Sasa tua ofS = T exdends to * lenegue Aewngenorpls isiee rp} pisy— Fa) 4 the re vhlule mb aad Fer) brea R feral “"~ Sant T. Peéve thes © F(ep) = Pe FG), . ® Fif) ce an epionanpeon off fh ik ey ectit* @ Fy) tt c1ay monousorplcrnd “Ye f 4a fejeebine Salute: Cece pot fost a aw fovetibu New cteppiew'a map ep]! PLS) — Per) Y FU) (Ea%) = £% feo New vat. shew Ural cep) Ba eubuor plein Bb contd CPP (E270 EL) = (FY (20+) %) = Zhe ¢ © Zafer gore) = Mpeg) + FO ER) fie ay ve k we fave (RD gaa ~ PZ ) c Zhe) fe = a hn Zain) =a > FY) a vsclefe lhe . D Fp = rer@ Te prove. ef, ee Flfii) (290) = = a FD me) = &, Z aftye) FVM ER goo) Z aM tt Ff) A) (22%) Hest we tn pigs) Qo) Vv Zam € Fs)OD ket vt suppose tot Fb an eprinorphioe ao fee o re P(r) (oe awe $s shao ‘ ff t Weect’ 4 some Ba % ES suck Tel Fry (Zax) ot = ASF) at Bo ut. Soke Y= 1 whee my and = 0 for cAy Tw Z afes,) 0 foyy+-—- ufo - cs J -fe%) a feu) = fer) at 7 Za fod = fr) part £0 fos te, FF MES bt Yat => Vf focbive * Conversely sxpprse Lick ae surrective * Zo ot att yer 7 wes st foot Naw ht Zaw CFU) wwe GET: [how Je Zar, Te ry g amy = gape) = 24h ko bY enely at CF”? , FEVERS? bt FO) 42%) = Zaty , 7 Fey Ban epercnphion @ new bot Ftp) 4 menomonphin ser SES) end we fro Mol nespiichidn & Fe) OY 8“ and we Knew Lic teerecie biter f Qee wijechio fewbuorplumn o& gpa an Honcomorphigue ae f Be Mfete Wal f & ugeetive, TWitew Lot ple) "e Bafea= Ep he Suite Per) pee 40 TF AJEM At at) VI 7EM a fra fli) 7? Wf (4h fp & efecto) Zam = Bed (. =) em 2 2 Fe) Ba mentononephete :ees 400) let S $0 an veut apes a module X ove KR - Shee thet any function f) 5—> ¥ fs bate Cy Y¥ mactale over R, ecceferdt to aw i delerunines horderonphisr Ai XY of bin ormdube X tee the mectule Y. Soludien!- Cron Bot X fae a bates = X & peo : amd Cet ech clepuce trcluseoe Aomorospobuame o:s—x (A= & tt BEX . wsnte X Ui pce fence fos ery fuition £2 5—> Y Fo ccalgne Romononphiom WX—>X st hot Y Now we clipe hots f s— x AKO) = (9 = ¥ se 5 Sf etitia) = fo se whazr = pay v sex Y Dt Cmutctetes wit £ on S. Sule 5 & a bos of X and Levent reap and we Krsus Chott every hineas, map i wetpuecly eliferminesl O72 based Hance f cae be exteritat fo 2 Lunipaly deleruines! Aemanenphirn AX © Provest) Ques yeny LE Pix y cluote an ait, ceonbhuine of a naoad eves & tats & mote yeh get that every homorionplusne UPY of a free mactule F overk vite thw modile Y there exces a Sanomcrphuirns Pere Beheg fat Seldiin > Give ot Pry _, =< = > eho Bes pie pa. A pimonphion auct f Bite F tt a frce motile if & has a bate yp > aes | RyS de @ bards fF. we fae b prove that foe eve fomomorfphion FY Ja hememonphuiyn GePOX at ef ut Ar FY be ow fememonphiirr VRB hee , Bo he cbbuninet 6 bass of F (whicti ie S) Lf Key epimonphinn > f ts sePtfectine > Anex sr frye hey , sex Ppise ge s—x JO°* . ff can be ercterter to whole of F Aare 9 dense Colenrty) Now, Pepeae figs?) = few = 4 ¥4ES. > fgat on § Sue Fa buns of F fq % on ell of F Aas tig Peeve tot 2 submodule A of a module X over R a a Meet Summand TY the guetirt mectule X/ A ts free: Soldier: Cyien hat p ih XA th pron 1% Petrcadtile of X eves Ramat PD has 2 bang 5 New bt > 5 _ 5 EF be chad n~ ee clegeéed fr ety Bog eX we tau tot :. whine “AG inde Homona rbd fF s—*sx Succes wjectie mee WEE ?> 2 Eien en § f x + NN. Tm. Y “MA, FRnt Bisa s'o X at fse xXex, Sue bob honuuonphare Sh & bow ao he wipe ciloment YY Four 2 ie dlafetesh 02S. > hua egjectinn bevess’ {OF eek ae the wieversal property > x'nh= Nsw we only” ret (op Show tear AtKx!= Xx BB wt rn be wy te erent ve X . comidy, 2+A eg Due to te there a 2 conresforitiog element 4 (xrh) = EX Bite te tijecteie ’ ath aid 2+A nefretenrt li soune coset’ => F an element EF St wen bua 72 EX was andihay , gee welt @ 2 xo x's ana x'nf=— Foz => x= xOA Hewe A te deck Suweanel . Due U@) Prove Wot for x Prrcelfel isent coma Ro ewy sutrindute oe fre module ovey K tk itsee free ole oer R orn Coe - 4 ma oe faRll Lee FE be a fe R- redtube anot F be a Submsdulen N aa F tok Foo, te petutt fe pee. % suppose tell Rep Pe @, = $f faeet thaw FER cet te subyrodubes dg Fm the Mealt of P Cugpto lserrvoephior ) . But an ell pi gf the for aR for herat AER eH0 Haw Lt gb o rank, zH0. . Tet? tee tee rap 20 —>%_ Ban isemorphiny $ R meddis , REL. So 1 & feswep rohfe ent We intur barge 4 Cncduchier - SYpese bio Ff f,—- fF “i a bat fos - iy AF —> RP MAL tA fet afr) a fh Taw 0 i @ Surgectiie R- meitele Pacerrorplioe tlhe heal Rh4 +h, ewhioh, & peg sank -t “EE denoted tre nevtecclba ~rto F. FAL NBC KSA, ferbd frases feaek 2n-1 Y te teductinw Cypstieres # The wing $6 dan ttt PR gy anf ab-mest f- #*, te Suet ES haO@ Fouepy (1s Submedde. of free medide." BE a feed pup 2 y . OMe Hk}fuce OH Prose that fra five Utegnal demas Re Sthlion:- ove Gree radule ove, Re fonsion free Gliee fit mk fe meicbe > MM bas a bees Foe av davis Fe, } for a M ts sald te be pesed fre PA Tos (1) = fo whee Ti (m6) = Fen] ano fos hour Mert cero 2ERF ur mem m2o0 Sule M fat a base 26s} 2 = BGt 4ae—- + 2,8, Wilh home fete mpo Mow for aug nto wR Rms * (4erae4— — + @%,) - (44a)€y Ade 4- -t lean) 4, 5% Vp 0 fe Pome O25 p49 and Rw Muse tov to for bout neve za eer 2 md Tosca) meno Eu Chol for aw ato, axao D> ~=0 8 only eleattet te Be Cat) => Tos (M) = Foy Hee MM bs torreon fren»