Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AWS D1.1
1
11/25/2011
History
• 1928 - The first edition of the “Code for Fusion Welding and Gas Cutting in
Building Construction” by AWS
• 1930 & 1937 - Revised in the same title.
22 times revised
in 83 years
• 1941 – Revised and designated as D1.0
• 1946, 1963, 1966, 1969 - Revised in the same title.
• 1972 – The Code was combined with D2.0 “ Specification for welding Highway &
Railway Bridges. Re-designated as D1.1
• 1972 to 1988 – 10 times revised.
• 1988 AWS D1.5 “Bridge Welding Code” was issued.
• 1988 AWS D1.1 – Changed references of Buildings to “Statically Loaded “ ….and
…..Bridges to “Dynamically Loaded” …Broader range of applications.
• 1990 to 2010 - Revised in every two years.
• 2010 is the 22nd Edition
Collective Wisdom
2
11/25/2011
CONSENSUS
Abstract
Abstract
• This code covers the welding requirements for any type of welded
structure made from the commonly used carbon and low-alloy
constructional steels.
• Clauses 1 through 8 constitute a body of rules for the regulation
of welding in steel construction.
• There are nine normative and twelve informative annexes in this
code.
• A Commentary of the code is included with the document.
3
11/25/2011
The contents
1. General
2. Design
3. Prequalification of WPS
4. Qualification
5. Fabrication
6. Inspection
7. Stud welding
Appendices
•12 Informative ( K to V)
• Commentary
A better understanding of Code with
answers to Why? How? etc
4
11/25/2011
Pre Qualification
PREQUALIFICATION
One of the main reasons for the popularity of the D1.1
Code is that it provides a fabricator or erector the opportunity
to prepare written prequalified welding procedure
specifications utilizing prequalified joint details, prequalified
steels and filler metals, and welding techniques covering the
common arc welding processes for a very wide range of
applications. Followed precisely, these prequalified details
and procedures preclude the need for testing, making the
Code as indispensable to the fabricator/ contractor as a
comprehensive cookbook is to a chef
chef.
1.1 Scope
Fabrication
Requirement
of
Welded Steel
Structure
Erection
5
11/25/2011
1.2 Limitations
• Carbon steels
1 • Low Alloy steels
• 3 mm or thicker
2
1.3 Definitions
Annex K
6
11/25/2011
7
11/25/2011
2.0 Design
8
11/25/2011
9
11/25/2011
Welding Terms
10
11/25/2011
11
11/25/2011
Parts of Weld
Dilution, Throat
12
11/25/2011
Incomplete Fusion
Classification
13
11/25/2011
Pre Heat
PREHEAT
4. Qualification
14
11/25/2011
Welding Procedures
• Qualified – By testing
PQR
Review results
Test the (If Passed –Follow
coupon upon the procedure.
requirements (If failed revise
parameters &
reweld..retest)
Assume
parameters &
weld a coupon
15
11/25/2011
The approach
4.6
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
etc…
No
supplementary
variables
16
11/25/2011
Table 4.5 …
Table 4.5
PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification for
SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (see 4.7.1)
Process
Essential Variable Changes to PQR Requiring
Requalification SMAW SAW GMAW FCAW GTAW
Filler Metal
17
11/25/2011
Testing
18
11/25/2011
WPS Preparation
WPQ
19
11/25/2011
20
11/25/2011
Inquiry Example
Inquiry 1: Is it the intent of AWS D1.1, 1990 and later editions, that a prequalified
welding procedure may be used with a foreign material specification (e.g., JIS or DIN)
provided that the foreign material specification is determined to be of equivalent in
chemical composition and mechanical properties to an ASTM material permitted in AWS
D1.1 for use with prequalified welding procedures?
Inquiry 2: Is the intent of AWS D1.1, 1990 and later editions, that a procedure previously
qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX, is acceptable for use in AWS D1.1
applications without respect to the position in which the welding procedure was qualified
(since ASME Section IX imposes position restrictions only on welder qualifications, and not
on welding procedure qualifications)?
21