SIKKIM GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE

GANGTOK EAST SIKKIM

YEAR-2020

TOPIC-FESTIVAL OF SIKKIM

SUBMITTED BY- SUBMITTED TO-

KALAWATI SUBBA ASST,PROFF-DAWA

SEMESTER – 8THSEMESTER BHUTIA

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ACKN OWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I thank the almighty for the inspiration and strength to complete this project
report successfully.

I would firstly like to thanks professor Dawa bhutia who has provided me the kind opportunity to
do this project and finish it in a successful manner.

My heartily thanks to Dr T,D lama the vice principal of Sikkim government law college and
other faculties who provided all the facilities to completed this project.

I consider it my proud privilege and immense pleasure working under the guidance of professor
Ajay pradhan who gave me constant guidance valuable suggestions, an inspiring encouragement
to make my project success.

My sincere thanks to my professor Dawa bhutia has done me the correction and formatting of
project report and helped me by providing details and quotations of my topic, this helped me
make my project very precise and accurate to a great extent.

On a personal note, I wish to thank my family members and friends for their constant support in
helping me accomplish my mission.

Kalawati subba

16glb049

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SERIAL NO. TOPICE PAGE NO.
1 ABSTRACT 5

2 INTRODUCTION 6
3 TAMU LHOCHHAR 7
FESTIVAL
4 LOSSONG FESTIVAL 7 TO 8
5 SONAM LHOCHHAR 9TO 10
FESTIVAL
6 BHUMCHU 10 TO 11
FESTIVAL SIKKIM
7 JORETHANG MAGHEY 11 TO 12
MELA 
8 LOSAR FESTIVAL  12 10 13
9 DENTAM 13 to 14
RHODODENDRON
FESTIVAL 
10 RAM NAVAMI FESTIVAL  14 TO 15
11 LAMPOKHARI 16 to 17
PARYATAN MAHOTSAV 
12 SAGA DAWA 17TO 18
FESTIVAL SIKKIM

13 DRUKPA TSHESHI 18TO 19

FESTIVAL 
14 GURU RINPOCHE'S 19 to 20
TRUNGKAR TSHECHU 
15 TENDONG LHO RUM 20 to 21
FAAT SIKKIM

16 INDRAJATRA 21 to 22
FESTIVAL SIKKIM

17 PANG LHABSOL 22 TO 23
FESTIVAL 
18 DASHAIN (DURGA PUJA) 23 TO 25
FESTIVAL 
19 TIHAR FESTIVAL  25 to 26

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20 TEYONGSI SIRIJUNGA 26 to 27
SAWAN TONGNAM 

21 LHABAB DUCHEN 27 to 28
FESTIVAL 
22 BARAHIMIZONG 28 to 29
FESTIVAL 
23 RED PANDA WINTER 29 to 30
FESTIVAL 
24 CHRISTMAS FESTIVAL 30 to 31

25 KAYGED DANCE 31 to 32
FESTIVAL
26 CONCLUSION 33
27 BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

ABSTRACT

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Festivals bring liveliness and fun in the monotony of daily life. India is a land of festivals and
Sikkim, being a part, doesn't stay behind. The people of Sikkim celebrate scores of festivals with
full gusto and fervor. Since, there are people from diverse religions in Sikkim, so they all have
their own festivals to celebrate. However, the mutual harmony amongst dwellers paints the
whole state in the colors of festivities. In this section, we will discuss the major festivals of
Sikkim in detail.Buddhism appears to dominate the religious lives of maximum number of
people. Perhaps, Hinduism is the major religion practiced by the Nepalis. The Tibetans, the
Sikkimese and the Bhutias usually practice Buddhism. In the vein of tolerance, Christians, Sikhs
and Muslims also flourish along with followers of other religions. In Sikkim, Hindu festivals like
Dasain/ Dusshera, Tihar/ Diwali, Saraswati Puja, Maghe Sakranti, Janmastami, Vishwa
Karmenthusiasm.

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INTRODUCTION

Sikkim is a northeastern state with an amalgamation of people thus you can witnesses a bundle
of fairs and festivals every year. This best place to visit is rich in history and culture, most
importantly they celebrate festivals with great zeal. Here, you can experience the kaleidoscope of
colours, its diversified culture and rich traditions in their array of festivals such as Pang Lhabsol,
Bumchu etc, for instance Losar is a famous festival in Sikkim. It is the Tibetan New Year that is
celebrated every February with great fervor and enthusiasm and significantly celebrated with
friends and family. Also, preceding Losar Festival, GuthorChaam is held where lama’s dance
joyously at the Pemayangtse and Rumtek Monasteries. Another New Year festival in Sikkim is
the Sonam Losoong of Sikkimese Bhutia which also marks the end of the harvest festival.
Losoong similar to Losar is joyously celebrated with a lively and colourful cham or dance and it
falls on the last month of the year. Sikkim is also known as the last Himalayan Shangri La,
perhaps for its happy environment, monks and festivals. Such joyful feasts are the dancing
festivals or chaams like Kagyat Dance, Enchey Chaam and Guthor Chaam. These vibrant event
is marked by unique masked dance wearing colorful robes and accessories. These are traditional
dances of the lamas that are held in the Buddhist Monasterie. There are a number of religious
festivals in Sikkim such as Saga Dawa, it is a famous festival. This is an important celebration
for the Buddhists and it is considered to be the holiest depicting the story of Lord Buddha.
During this festival, the famous masked dances are presented with temples that are lit up in
honor of the lord. Saga Dawa is a magnificent carnival in Sikkim that takes place on every fourth
month of the Buddhist Calendar. Drupka Teshi is another religious festival, on this festival mass-
prayers are held and Yak race are organized during the end of the festival which is certainly the
highlight of the feast. Besides, Dasain and Tihar are celebrated with great zest in Sikkim; Dasain
also known as Durga Puja, a Hindu festival and Tihar known as Diwali symbolizes the return of
Lord Ram. A crowd pulling and popular festival in Sikkim, HEE Bermiok Tourism Festival is
celebrated every May in the charming HEE Bermiok village in West Sikkim. Thousand of tourist
make their way from across the globe to witness this auspicious event.1

1
Haribal,meena.butterflies of Sikkim and their natural history of Sikkim,natraj publishers ,[2003]

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1] TAMU LOCHAAR FESTIVAL SIKKIM
Tamu Lochhar or Tamu Losar is one of the biggest Nepali-Buddhist festivals celebrated majorly
by the Gurung Community in Sikkim and neighbouring states of North East India. The festival
marks the beginning of the Gurung New Year and is celebrated by all family members and
friends gathering together to exchange greetings and well wishes. A number of fairs are
organized across the state where locals and tourists come together to be part of festivities dotted
with an array of cultural programs, traditional food stalls and on-the-spot competitions. For
travellers and cultural enthusiasts, Tamu Lochhar makes for one the best times to plan their trip
to Sikkim and experience an unmatched hospitality of the Gurungs.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Tamu Lochhar marks the end of winters, ushering in the spring season. The history of this
festival is believed to date back to pre-Buddhist era in Sikkim. Today, it is one of the major
festivals of the state and is celebrated with great fervour; and though it’s mainly a Gurung
festival, all communities participate with equal zeal showcasing the communal and regional
harmony of the state.

The dale for Tamu Lochhar falls on the 15th day in the month of Poush as per Nepali Bikram
Sambat Calendar. People from the Gurung community gather at a common ground and celebrate
the occasion, singing, dancing and feasting on traditional Gurung food that typically includes
‘Sel Roti’ and ‘Achaar.

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2] LOSOONG FESTIVAL SIKKIM
Considered to be one of the most important festivals of North East Indian state of Sikkim,
Losoong or Namsoong marks the beginning of the Sikkimese New Year and is celebrated with
great joy and fervour all across the region. The festival coincides with the end of the harvesting
season and provides for the much-needed time of merriment and excitement for all the farmers
who have worked hard throughout the year.

For visitors and travellers seeking a rendezvous with the unique Sikkimese culture, Losoong
undoubtedly makes for a great retreat offering them an unmatched spectacle of traditional folk
dances, religious rituals & ceremonies and off-course a lifetime opportunity to gorge on the
delicious Sikkimese cuisine. In-fact it won’t be incorrect to say that today, Losoong has gained a
reputation of being one of the most valued festival tour destinations in North East India, getting a
footfall of thousands of tourists from across the globe every year.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Losoong festival was once only confined to the Bhutia community; gradually it spread to the
Lepchas and now, it is also celebrated across other minor tribes of not only Sikkim but also
Darjeeling and Nepal. It is one of the most significant festivals for the farmers, providing them
an opportunity to rejoice and celebrate their harvest. Though the merry-making happens
privately among family members and friends, there is still an aura of festivity all around with
monasteries and monks gearing up for the celebrations and various local sports competitions;
colourful flags and festoons are dotted all around the streets and provide for a wonderful sight
sitting against the backdrop of the snowy mountains.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

The dates of the Losoong festival are based on the Tibetan Lunar Calendar and typically, it falls
on the 18th day of the 10th lunar month, which is usually December. The festivities last for about
4 days with cultural events taking place in monasteries like Rumtek and Tsuklakhang Palace.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

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The traditions and rituals of Losoong have primarily been adapted from rather another much
famous festival of Sikkim, Losar that actually marks the beginning of the Tibetan New Year.
Cham dances performed by the Buddhist Monks are this festival’s biggest highpoints, offering a
spectacular extravaganza of colourful and vibrant attires, an eclectic folk music and heart-
pounding acrobat movements by the masked dancers. Archery competitions and a delectable
spread of authentic Sikkimese cuisine is also part of the festivities and which is definitely looked
forward to by all the visitors and tourist.2

3] SONAM LHOCHHAR FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Sikkim is the land of varied ethnicities and tribal groups, with the Tamang community being one
of the biggest and widespread of all. Sonam Lhochhar, also spelled as Sonam Lhosar is the most
significant and extravagant festival of this culturally rich community, which marks the beginning
of the Tibetan New Year and is celebrated with great fanfare and zeal every time; men & women
adorned in their colourful and traditional attires, masked men dancing to the rhythmic beats of
damphu (a traditional small round drum) and elaborate spreads of exotic Tamang cuisine is
something which is always looked forward to by the visitors and travellers planning their trip to
Sikkim during the festival.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Sonam Lhosar is said to have a history dating back to thousands of years and works in close
accordance to the rules of the Tibetan lunar calendar. The first day of new moon in the month of
Magh (when Lord Buddha is believed to have born) counts as the greatest day of significance for
Tamangs and that is the reason, this day marks the beginning of the Sonam Lhosar festival.
Besides North East India, the festival is also celebrated at a grand level in Nepal, Bhutan and
Tibet where the people from Tamang community reside in great numbers.

Precisely, Sonam Lhosar commences during Magha on Shukla Pratipada (beginning of the
spring season), which happens to fall somewhere in the month of January-February. The
2
Rose,leo,E,modernizing a traditional administrative system;Sikkim,edition in jamesF,fisher [1978]

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celebrations begin with cleaning and decoration of the households and continues for almost two
weeks with people flocking to monasteries to offer their prayers. This is the time when friends
and families also gather together for festive meals and dinners; music and dance too is an
inseparable part of this beautiful festival, which truly provides for a memorable and fun time to
all those taking part in the celebrations.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

Damphu (a traditional round hand drum) Dance is the major highlight of the Sonam Lhochhar
festival and is performed by the masked lamas to get rid of all the negative energies and evil
spirits. Many of the monasteries throughout Sikkim organize this dance which is further followed
by exotic feasts and other cultural programmes such as dramas and skits showcasing the events
from the life of Lord Buddha. Tamang folk songs, also known as ‘Tamang Selo’ are yet
important highpoint of the Sonam Lhosar festival and form an integral part of the celebrations,
providing a deeper insight into Tamang culture and traditions.3

4] BHUMCHU FESTIVAL SIKKIM
Bhumchu” which means a sacred pot of water, is a festival which is celebrated with tremendous
fanfare in the entire state of Sikkim. The festival is believed to decide the fate of this beautiful
North Eastern state of India in the upcoming new year and sees a footfall of thousands of tourists
and devotees not only from the neighbouring towns but, also from across the bordering countries
like Nepal and Bhutan. Undoubtedly, one of the most important and holiest festivals for all the
Buddhists in Sikkim and around, it also provides for a perfect platform for all those Non-
Buddhists who seek a deeper insight into Buddhism and its religious customs, beliefs and rituals.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The celebrations of Bumchu are believed to have started somewhere between 755 and 804 CE in
Tibet under the reign of King Trisong Deutsonin. He is considered to be one of the three Dharma
Kings who played a pivotal role in introducing Buddhism to the region. It is under his rule that

3
Strachey,henry ,physical geography of western Tibet,jurnal of royal geographical society.xxiii,pp1-69

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Guru Padmasambhava when invited to Tibet performed a holy sadhana and consecrated the land
with water from his sacred vase, which was then later concealed as a hidden treasure in his most
blessed place, the Tashiding Monastery in Sikkim. Somewhere around 17th century, the vase
was again discovered by one of the reincarnations of Padmasambhava and it is since that time,
this festival again resumed with all its glory and splendour.

Bhumchu festival is celebrated for two days starting on the 14th day of the first month of Tibetan
lunar calendar, which often falls in the months of February and March. The first day witnesses
the monks at the Tashiding Monastery opening the sacred vase and predicting forecasts and
events for the impending year. Second day is the closure ceremony, when amidst prayers and
chants, the pot is re-filled from the water of sacred river nearby and again sealed until to be
opened the next year.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

The major highlight of the Bumchu festival is marked by the sacred pot of water which is opened
only once a year for the public display; the lamas open this pot first thing in the morning and
determine the future of the state in the new year by observing the level of water in the same; a
water level up to the brim gives an indication towards natural disasters and calamities, if the
water level is low, it’s a sign of famines and droughts and lastly, if the water is just half filled, it
signifies a peaceful and prosperous year ahead. The water from this pot is considered very pious
and is believed to bring good luck and prosperity to the one consuming even a drop of it. Only a
small amount of this holy water is distributed among the devotees and that is the reason, there are
long queues in-front of the monastery with people lined up starting early mid-night.4

5] JORETHANG MAGHEY MELA SIKKIM

One of the most famous cultural festivals of Sikkim, Maghey Sankranti Mela is celebrated with
extreme grandeur at the picturesque hamlet of Jorethang every year. Countless tourists from
different corners of the globe gather at this festival to be part of its endless array of events which
include various cultural programmes, food shows and sports competitions like archery, para-
gliding, trekking, hot air-ballooning and river rafting. A grand exhibit showcasing handicrafts

4
Ray,arundhati;das,sujoy.sikkim;a traveler guide.orient blackmen,new delhi

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and artwork of the local Sikkimese artisans is also an important aspect of this Maghey Mela that
aims at bringing the brilliant craft of these skilled workers at a global platform.Not to explicitly
mention, for those looking forward to an insight into unmatched cultural treasures of North East
India, this festival is a must-attend.

Maghey Mela has its history associated with an agricultural fair that was held at Jorethang in the
year 1955 on the occasion of Makar Sankranti, an auspicious day which marks the beginning of
the holy month of Magh in the Hindu lunar calendar. It is said that, seeing a number of devotees
flocking here to take sacred dip in the waters of Teesta and Rangeet every year, the natives of the
neighbouring towns like Kalimpong, Siliguri and Darjeeling in 1955 decided to organize a small
fair where they could easily sell off their local produce and handicraft products at reasonable
prices. What merely started off as a small scale festival approximately 50 years back, has today
grown into an enormous tourist-centred attraction dotted with colourful events and programmes
that can be aptly called a unique mix of age old cultures and modern day entertainment.

The festival commences on January 14th every year and provides for a 3 day cultural
extravaganza comprising of traditional folk-fare, authentic Sikkimese cuisine and a number of
stalls spread across the ground selling the state’s beautiful handicraft and handloom products.

Though the Maghey Festival is today mainly focussed on promoting tourism in the state, it still
retains its old-world charm with thousands of devotees gathering at the confluence just to take a
holy dip and perform religious rituals. This fair is undoubtedly, a great site for those interested in
witnessing an unparalleled spectacle of Hindu customs and traditions, which by far is the heart
and soul of India. Additionally, if you are a music lover, you are sure to be enthralled by some
great performances by renowned singers and musicians who are often invited by the festival .

6] LOSAR FESTIVAL SIKKIM

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The Tibetan word “Losar”, which translates to “New Year” in English is the most popular and
significant festival of the North East Indian state of Sikkim and is celebrated with great
enthusiasm every year. The festival also coincides with the end of the harvesting season,
providing all the farmers the much-needed break to rejoice the fruits of their patience and hard
work. It would not be incorrect to say that while Losar is a much-awaited event for the locals, it
is also looked forward to with the same zeal by many cultural enthusiasts and photographers
worldwide who are eagerly waiting to get a closer rendezvous with the vibrant culture and
traditions of this little jewel of North East India.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The history of Losar festival predates to arrival of Buddhism in Tibet and its neighbouring
regions like parts of India, Bhutan and Nepal. It is believed that in earlier days, it was celebrated
as a winter ceremony which involved offering of large quantities of incense to appease local
deities and drive away negative spirits. Gradually, with changes in Tibetan astrological methods
and predictions, it started to be celebrated as a warm welcome to a new harvesting season and
new year. Today, Losar is the most significant of all festivals for Tibetan Buddhists and is
celebrated with all pomp and show worldwide.

The date of this gala festival mostly falls in the month of February (more precisely, the 29th day
of the 12th month of Tibetan lunar calendar year) and celebrations for the same commence more
than a week before, gripping the entire state in the mood of festivities and merry-making. Streets,
houses and monasteries get adorned in vibrant colours, with people indulging themselves in
shopping for new clothes and jewellery, and organizing re-union dinners amongst friends and
families. Yak dance performances by youngsters on the streets make the atmosphere even more
electrifying, providing the outsiders a deeper insight into an effervescent Sikkimese culture.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

Cham masked dance performances by the lamas in monasteries of Sikkim is one of the most
integral and significant parts of the Losar celebrations, which often lure people across the nation
and parts of the world to come and soak themselves in the unmatched festive spirits. Another
noteworthy highlight of Losar is the ritual of offering buckets of Tsampa (a mixture of roasted

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barley flour and butter) on home altars praying for a good harvest in the current New Year. There
are yet many more interesting rituals which are performed by the Sikkimese; those interested in
getting a closer insight into all these customs can arrange for a homestay with a Sikkimese
family and participate in their day to day rituals, also knowing the significance of each one in a
much deeper detail5

7] DENTAM RHODODENDRON FESTIVAL SIKKIM

The scenic village of Dentam, sitting against the backdrop of Mt. Kanchenjunga in West Sikkim,
plays a spectacular host to the famous Rhododendron Festival every year in March. A perfect
amalgamation of a spectacular cultural extravaganza blended with unmatched adventure &
nature offerings, it certainly makes for an idyllistic festival tour destination for every kind of a
traveller, be it a cultural enthusiast, a nature lover, an adventure seeker or a casual holiday
maker.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The festival first started in March 2015 with an aim to create awareness regarding protection and
conservation of biodiversity in the region, further promoting tourism to generate employment for
the youth thereby, facilitating a sustainable income to the local populace. Since 2015, it is
organized every year with the sincere efforts of the Maneybung-Dentam Apex Tourism
Development Cooperative Society and needless to say, in a very short period of time, it has
gained a tremendous popularity.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

The Rhododendron Festival provides for a magnificent platform to all cultural enthusiasts gain a
profound insight into vibrant Sikkimese culture; folk dance performances, musical concerts,
handicraft exhibits, fashion shows, food & drink carnivals and arrangement for the traditional
yak rides capture all the attention, keeping both locals and tourists engrossed in the festive mood.

5
hhtps//; www.sikkimtourismindia.com [visited on june 10]

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The festival offers a wide range of activities for adventure seekers and nature enthusiasts too;
flora exhibits, nature-walks, trekking, mountaineering, mountain biking, paragliding and wildlife
safari & bird watching tours are some of the interesting stuff they always look forward to while
gearing up for this annual fair

The Rhododendron Festival in Maneybung-Dentam constituency is a three day long fiesta and is
organized at various locations namely Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary, Singshore Bridge (the
second highest hanging bridge in Asia), Ranidhunga, Uttarey Village, Hee Bermiok (a heritage
village) and other prominent locations.

8] RAM NAVAMI FESTIVAL SIKKIM

‘Chaite Dashain’ makes for one of the most important religious festivals for the Nepali
community inhibiting the Himalayan state of Sikkim in India. The festival, also known as ‘Small
Dashain’ is commonly celebrated as ‘Ram Navami’ in other parts of the country,
commemorating the birth of Lord Rama on this auspicious day during the Pre-Vedic times.
People on this day, visit Lord Rama temples, hold family get-togethers and enjoy festive meals.

For tourists and travellers planning their trip to Sikkim during March-April months, must plan it
around the Chaite Dashain festival, as it would not only provide them an opportunity to revel in
the state’s unmatched scenic beauty but, also a rare chance to witness the beautiful Nepalese
legacy of Sikkim from a much closed perspective.

Rama Navami & Chaite Dashain, together known as Sano Dashain, is considered one of the most
auspicious festivals and when Nepalese (and other Hindu communities across India) worship
Lord Rama and Goddess Durga in her various manifestations. The festival follows eight days of
Chaitra Navratri when people observe fasts and offer their prayers to Goddess Durga. Ninth and
tenth days are celebrated as Rama Navami – Chaite Dashain; people during these two days mark
the end of fasting by visiting Lord Rama’s temple and later in the evening, inviting friends and
families over festive dinners.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

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The two days festival is generally observed in the month of ‘Chaitra’ of the Nepali Bikram
Sambat Calendar, which happens to fall somewhere around March-April timeframe according to
English date chart. The first day of the celebrations mark the birth anniversary of Lord Rama,
which is followed by Chaite Dashain, the second day. Puja ceremonies, animistic rituals, family
get-togethers and festive meals are some of the integral parts of the Ram Navami - Chaite
Dashain celebrations
According to one Hindu mythological legend, Rama Navami – Chaite Dashain marks the birth
anniversary of Lord Rama. The second legend discerns it as a day when Lord Rama killed the
demon, Ravana. Also, it is believed that before the battle, Rama Chandra worshipped Goddess
Durga for nine days, therefore, these nine days are observed as ‘Chaitra Navratri’ which are
marked by people observing fasts and appeasing goddess Shakti by offering animal sacrifices.In
earlier times, people used to celebrate Dashain (which is now celebrated in September-October)
during this time. But, being summer months, people started suffering from health problems
because of eating heavy & spicy food during the festival. Therefore, Dashain celebrations were
moved to autumn months, keeping the Small Dashain festivities intact during the summer
timeframe.6

9] LAMPOKHARI PARYATAN MAHOTSAV SIKKIM

Also known as Lampokhari Tourism Festival, the Lampokhari Paryatan Mahotsav is one of the
most sought after fests in Sikkim that sees a footfall of thousands of tourists every year. The
festival is not only a tribute to the ancient cultural heritage of the state, but, also a platform to
bask in its unmatched scenic beauty that is dotted with imposing Himalayan peaks, sparkling
waterfalls, flower-carpeted meadows and picturesque alpine lakes. Whether one is a cultural
enthusiast, a nature lover, a gastronome, an adventure seeker or just a casual holiday maker, he is
sure to find something to match his chords during this magnificent carnival.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

6
Hooker,joseph Dalton.himalayan journals notes of naturalist in begal,the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas,the khasia
mountain etc.

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The first Lampokhari Paryatan Mahotsav was held in the year 2007 with combined efforts of
Aritar Dalapchand Lampokhari Development Society (ADLDS), Department of Tourism and
Department of Culture & Heritage. The main objective of this tourism fest was to bring the
captivating Rongli Sub-Division nestled in East Sikkim on the world tourism map. After its
commendable success during the first year itself, it was continued to be organized every year,
with each year seeing a tremendous increase in the number of tourists thronging to specially
witness and be part of North East's unprecedented cultural legacy.

Lampokhari Festival is a two-day long event that is organized in the month of April on the
grounds of the enchanting Lampokhari Lake in the little hamlet of Aritar in East Sikkim. Cultural
shows, flower exhibits, adventure activities, traditional food stalls, boat rides, cooking
competitions and local archery contests are some of the greatest crowd pullers that provide both
locals and tourists with an amazing time.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

Stage performances including that of cultural dance shows, comic skits, poetry competitions and
musical contests are an integral part of this tourism festival, which precisely keeps the cultural
enthusiasts busy throughout. For adventure buffs, there are various arrangements for adrenaline-
pumping activities like trekking, paragliding, mountain-biking and rock-climbing. Nature lovers
can keep themselves occupied with boating trips, bird-watching tours and local sightseeing
excursions. Also, there is something for foodies too; a delectable spread of traditional Sikkimese
cuisine belonging to various ethnic communities of the region such as Lepchas, Bhutias, Rais,
Newars, Tamangs and Sherpas. Accompanied with traditional drinks, it surely makes for a treat
to look forward to.

10] SAGA DAWA FESTIVAL SIKKIM

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One of the most famous and biggest festivals of Sikkim, Saga Dawa is celebrated with great
enthusiasm and fervour every year. The festival is the most significant and sacred for the
followers of Mahayana Buddhism who on this auspicious occasion commemorate Lord
Buddha’s birth, his attainment of enlightenment and salvation from this corporeal world. For all
travellers and cultural aficionados seeking a sneak-peek into vibrant Buddhist culture,
undoubtedly, Saga Dawa provides for a perfect platform offering a visual treat of various
religious ceremonies and street processions.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Though Saga Dawa or the Tripe Blessed Festival is believed to have a history dating back to past
many centuries, its date was officially formalized at the first conference of the World Fellowship
of Buddhists held in Sri Lanka in 1950. Today, the festival is celebrated across different
countries in different ways and under different names; while Tibetans and Sikkimese celebrate it
as Saga Dawa, many South East Asian countries like Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri
Lanka celebrate it under the name of Vesak Day. And all across India except North Eastern
regions, the festival is commonly known as Buddha Purnima.

One of the biggest highlights of Saga Dawa is the lightening of butter lamps in monasteries by
the Mahayana Buddhists, indicating their obeisance to Lord Buddha who is believed to have
enlightened their paths in life. After the ceremony, a grand pageant commencing from Tsuk-La-
Lang Monastery, lead by monks carrying holy scriptures and portraits of Lord Buddha, amidst
eclectic Buddhist hymns and chants on the streets of Gangtok, simply provides for a hypnotising
spectacle to all the onlookers. Needless to say, it’s the best time to plan a trip to Sikkim in order
to get a closer .

The magnificent carnival of Saga Dawa is held every year on the full moon of the 4th month of
Buddhist lunar calendar, which according to English calendar falls during end of May and early
June timeframe. Several religious rituals, including reading of holy scriptures called “Kajur
Texts” and lighting of butter lamps take place during the entire month. Devotees gather in great
numbers on the streets of Gangtok on the day of final procession to receive blessings and pay

18
their gratitude to the lord. Giving alms and donations is also quite common as these acts of
benevolence done during this holy month are said to bear ripe fruits in future.7

11] DRUKPA TSHESHI FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Drukpa Tsheshi counts amongst few of the most significant festivals for all Buddhists around the
world; Sikkim pre-dominantly being the Buddhist land, too witnesses the celebrations for this
religious festival at a grand level. While uncountable devotees and pilgrims travel from far and
wide to attend the celebrations, for travellers and holiday makers too, it is one such splendid
event that provides for a great opportunity to immerse themselves in the vibrant and effervescent
culture of this beautiful North Eastern state of India.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Drukpa Tsheshi is basically observed to celebrate the auspicious day when Lord Buddha for the
very first time turned the “Wheel of Dharma” and gave the sermon of the “Four Noble Truths” of
life and sufferings to his five disciples in the Deer Park at Sarnath near the holy city of Varanasi
in India. Commemorating this sacred event that reminds every human being about nobility,
mankind and a correct way to lead life, the festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm every
year and in numerous parts of the world, with dates being somewhat different for different
regions.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

In Sikkim, the festival is held on the 4th day of the Drukpa (6th) month according to the Tibetan
Lunar Calendar, which as per the English Calendar falls somewhere between July and August.
The Deer Park in Gangtok and Muguthang in extreme North of Sikkim serve as two major hosts
for this festival that is marked by prayers and chantings all day long. Devotees and travellers
from across the neighbouring towns and countries gather at the celebration grounds to be part of
these festive prayers that bring peace, harmony and prosperity in their lives.

Being an important Buddhist religious festival, the celebrations are majorly confined to
observing an array of sacred ceremonies and rituals at various monasteries and temples
throughout the state. Ones with the spiritualistic mind-set can attend these ceremonies and gift

7
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19
themselves a fascinating insight into noble Buddhist teachings and principles. For those looking
forward to some cultural feast apart from religious rituals and customs, must attend the festivities
at Muguthang, where the ceremonial rites followed by the traditional Yak Races and a palatable
spread of Sikkimese cuisine provide for an amazing time, adding some wonderful memories to
an amazing Sikkim holiday trip.

12] GURU RINPOCHE'S TRUNGKAR TSHECHU SIKKIM

One of the most significant Buddhist festivals, Trungkar Tsechu marks the birth anniversary of
Guru Rinpoche (Guru Padmasambhava), the founder of Tibetan Buddhism who first introduced
Buddhism in Sikkim and other neighbouring Himalayan regions during 8th century. The festival
is celebrated with great pomp and show throughout the state; special prayers and rituals are held
in the monasteries and huge processions are carried across the streets that are led by monks and
lamas playing various traditional instruments.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Guru Padmasambhava is the most adored patron saint of Sikkim who is believed to have
introduced Tantric & Vajrayana Buddhism in the region after vanquishing demons during 8th
century AD. Considered as the ‘Second Buddha born on the Lotus Flower’, he is held in high
regards and is revered by Buddhists not only in Sikkim but across all other Buddhist regions in
the world. The concept of Tsechu was started by Guru Rinpoche himself, who by manifesting
himself in eight different human forms, danced in-front of a demon in order to conquer him.
These dances later came to be known as ‘Chaams’ and depict glory of the patron saint during
several Buddhist festivals.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

Trungkar Tsechu is observed on the tenth day of the fifth month of Tibetan Lunar Calendar
(July-August) every year. The ancient Rumtek Monastery in Gangtok serves as one of the prime
venues for the festival, which is attended by thousands of devotees and tourists alike.

Entire state of Sikkim comes to life on the auspicious occasion of Trungkar Tsechu with huge
processions, carrying statue of Guru Padmasambhava, taken across the streets amidst
reverberating chanting of “Om Ah Hung Vajra Guru Padma Siddhi Hung Rhi” by countless

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devoteeAll monasteries in the state, on this sacred day, hold special prayers and rituals to seek
blessings of the great patron saint. “Chaam Dance” performances enacting eight manifestations
and various episodes from the life of Padmasambhava are one of the major highlights during the
festival and that provide for a hypnotic spectacle to one and all

13] TENDONG LHO RUM FAAT SIKKIM

Tendong Lho Rum Faat is one of the most ancient and significant festivals celebrated by the
Lepcha people in Sikkim. The celebrations mark the auspicious occasion when ancestors of
Lepcha tribe were saved by the holy Tendong Hill from a great deluge lasting 40 days and 40
nights. While the festival is celebrated with great fanfare throughout the state, the prime venue
happens to be at Namchi, the home to this sacred hill in South of Sikkim. A trek commencing
from Ravangla up to the Tendong Hill is the prime highlight of this beautiful festival and which
makes as a great draw for trekkers and adventure enthusiasts too who specially travel here from
parts of the nation to not only satiate their adrenaline desires but, also to soak themselves in
cultural and mythological essence of the local tribal communities.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

According to Lepcha mythology, during the time of earth’s creation when Himalayan Range was
just in its initial stage of formation, a great volcanic eruption destroyed Naho and Nather Pokh,
the sources of Rivers Teesta and Rangeet, causing continuous rains for 40 days. This resulted in
floods and huge loss to life and property; and the destruction of Lepcha tribe, who at that time
were the prime inhabitants of earth, was nearly imminent. It is during that occasion, the Tendong
Hill rose like a horn from the head of a deity and people started climbing it to get themselves
saved from the havoc. From that day onwards, Lepcha people worship this holy hill, which in
English translates to “the hill of the raised horn” and pay their homage to the creator who helped
save their ancestors.

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 DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL
Tendong Lho Rum Faat is celebrated over a span of three days in the 3rd month of the Tibetan
Lunar Calendar i.e. during July-August timeframe every year. Though the festivities can be seen
held across the state, a grand carnival is organized in Namchi, the administrative capital of South
Sikkim and home to the sacred Tendong Hill.

People from the Lepcha community, during these three days, embark on a trek to the hill,
navigating their way through dense forests and sparkling streams & rivulets. A trekking
excursion commencing from Ravangla up to Tendong Hill is the major highlight of the Tendong
Lho Rum Faat Festival. Not only Lepcha people, but, also several trekking enthusiasts, wildlife
buffs and bird watchers from across the nation embark on this captivating trek that takes them
through thick jungles and glistening streams and rivulets. As far as religious rituals are
concerned, the tribal people build models of the Tendong Hill at the entrance of their façade and
worship it seeking blessings for a happy and wealthy life.8

14] INDRAJATRA FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Indra Jatra or “Yenya” is the biggest festival for the Nepalese “NEWAR” community in Sikkim
and is celebrated with much fanfare throughout the state. Named after the Hindu God of Rain
and also the King of Heaven, Lord Indra, the festival’s prime objective is to seek his blessings in
the form of rains and showers. Huge chariot processions accompanied with eclectic drum beats,
masked dance performances and various classical dance performances are the integral elements
of this vibrant festival that takes the streets of Gangtok in great awe of its cultural harmony.
Needless to say, for cultural aficionadas, sociologists and anthropologists, this is one of the best
times to plan their trip to Sikkim and other parts of North East.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The legend of the festival goes back to the Vedic times when Lord Indra was imprisoned by the
people of Kathmandu Valley, after having him caught stealing the rare and fragrant ‘Parijat
Flowers’ from the valley for his mother. It is then when the people realized who he actually was,

8
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22
they released him and promised to dedicate one of the most colourful festivals to him, also in
return requesting him to visit the valley every year, thereby blessing it with rains and prosperity.

While it is pre-dominantly a Nepalese festival, it is celebrated with great zeal and enthusiasm by
the Nepalese Newar Gutthi community in Sikkim too and was introduced here in the year 2000
followed by its declaration as the state holiday in 2011.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

The extravagant cultural fiesta of Indra Jatra is celebrated around August-September and lasts for
eight days, bringing the whole valley to life with vibrancy and mood of festivity all around.
Cultural programs, chariot processions and masked dance performances representing various
deities and demons, take everyone in awe of their hypnotizing splendour.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

The festival’s most significant highlight is marked by a huge procession that is taken along the
streets of Gangtok after performing various religious rituals at Bhanu Park. A number of masked
dance performances including Pulu Kishi, Lakhey, Mahakali and Sawa Bhaku along the pageant
provide for an enchanting sight to all the spectators. One of the yet another much awaited events
of the Indra Jatra Festival is the ‘Kumari Jatra’ where in the living Goddess ‘Kumari’, an
incarnation of Goddess ‘Telaju’ is taken out on a procession in a chariot. People gather in huge
numbers to have a glimpse of the Kumari, thereby receiving her blessings for a happy and
blissful life.9

15] PANG LHABSOL FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Counted amongst the most popular regional and cultural festivals of Sikkim, Pang Lhabsol
attracts countless tourists and visitors from across the nation and parts of the world. The vibrant
festival exudes a matchless aura of positivity and colours all around, bringing all the people of
the state at a platform where they can just immerse their souls in celebrations and festivities.
Carnivals, cultural performances, lama warrior dances and a scrumptious spread of authentic
Sikkimese cuisine are few of the major highlights that are looked forward to by all the visitors
and travellers. For cultural enthusiasts planning their trip to Sikkim, this is by far the best time to

9
ibid

23
witness and admire this breathtakingly beautiful state’s effervescent ethnic and traditional
legacy.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The festival is believed to have been started somewhere around 13th century under the reign of
Chakdor Namgyal, the third Chogyal or Dharma King of the state. The celebrations basically aim
at paying homage to Mt. Kanchenjunga, the guardian deity of Sikkim which is believed to have
been protecting this holy land since ages. Besides, Pang Lhabsol also finds a special place in the
hearts of people from the Bhutia and Lepcha communities who celebrate this day
commemorating the oath of “Blood Brotherhood” taken by the chiefs of two communities under
the witness of Mt. Kanchenjunga during the 15th century.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

The celebrations for Pang Lhabsol are held on the 15th day of the 7th month of Tibetan Lunar
Calendar every year, which according to English Calendar, falls somewhere between the August-
September timeframe. While this mystical festival is celebrated across Sikkim at different
locations and monasteries, an extravagant carnival is staged on the grounds of the Tsuklakhang
Monastery in Gangtok. Both tourists and locals including Bhutias, Lepchas and Nepalis take part
in the festivities with great enthusiasm showcasing the vibes of communal harmony in the state

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

The colourful festival of Pang Lhabsol is replete with some elaborate rituals, prayers and
thrilling dance performances by monks and lamas; amongst them the most famous and the one
that keeps the visitors hooked to their positions is the awe-inspiring warrior dance called ‘Pang-
Toed Chaam’ that aims at invoking the guardian deity, Mt. Kanchenjunga; Lamas wearing fiery
red-faced masks with crown of five skulls, riding on a snow-lion represent the guardian angel
and simply provide for a spectacular show with their enthralling dance and acrobatic moves on
eclectic sounds of echoing drums and cymbals. The entry of Mahakala, the protector of Dharma,
is profoundly awaited amidst the dance and which brings about a dramatic twist to the whole
performance.

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16] DASHAIN (DURGA PUJA) FESTIVAL SIKKIM

‘Dashain’ makes for the most important religious festival for the Nepali community living in
North East Indian state of Sikkim. The festival is commonly celebrated under the name of
‘Durga Puja’ and ‘Navratri’ in other parts of India. Entire state during the fifteen days
celebrations comes alive with the aura of merriment and happiness in the air. For those looking
forward to a festive glamour during their holidays in Sikkim, this is probably the best time to
plan their trips.

HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FESTIVAL

According to Hindu mythology, during the Puranic times, a demon named Mahishasura had
created terror in the ‘Devloka’ and it had almost become impossible for the gods to defeat him
even using strongest of their powers. To get rid of such a ruthless asura, Lords Brahma, Vishnu
and Mahesh blended all their super-powers and created Goddess Shakti or Durga. She fought
with Mahishasura in her various manifestations for nine days, finally vanquishing him on the
tenth day, which is today, celebrated as the day of ‘Bijaya Dashmi’ signifying the victory of
good over evil. In other Northern parts of the country, people also celebrate this day as
‘Dussehra’ commemorating the auspicious occasion when Lord Rama killed the demon Ravana.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

The fifteen days long festival commences on the bright lunar fortnight (Shukla Paksha) of the
holy Ashwin month of Bikram Sambat Calendar (mid-September to mid-October). Among these
fifteen days, the most auspicious and celebrated days happen to be first, seventh, eighth, ninth
and tenth, with tenth being the day of ‘Bijaya Dashmi’. Puja ceremonies, community
processions, family get-togethers and festive meals are some of the integral parts of the Dashain
celebrations.

The first nine days of Dashain are considered most auspicious and when Nepalese (and other
Hindu communities across India) worship Goddess Durga and her various manifestations

The beginning of the festival is marked by the ritual of ‘Ghatasthapana Dashain’ when the seeds
for sacred grass called ‘Jamara’ are sown in a sand block. This holy ritual signifies the homes to
be blessed with prosperity, wealth and happiness. By the seventh day, the grass is grown 5 to 6

25
inches long and marks the day to be celebrated as ‘Fulpati’, a tradition wherein Nepalese
decorate their puja rooms with nine types of flowers & leaves. The nine ingredients typically
include a banana stem, pomegranate, rice stalk, turmeric plant, manabriksha, ginger plant, wood
apple, ashoka tree stem and Jayanti. Eighth and Ninth days are yet another auspicious days when
people throng to ‘Kali Mandir’ to offer animal sacrifices. Tenth day or the day of ‘Dashami’
marks celebrations and merry-making with friends and families gathering together to enjoy
festive meals and dinners. The celebrations continue up till 15th day when finally the idol of
Goddess Durga along with Jamara are taken in a huge procession to be immersed in sacred
rivers.10

17] TIHAR FESTIVAL SIKKIM

One of the most popular and significant Hindu Festivals, Diwali is celebrated under the name of
‘Tihar’ in Sikkim and other parts of North East India. The “festival of lights” covers the entire
state in the veil of glittering lamps, offering people an opportunity to remove darkness not only
from their homes but, also from their souls. Worship of animals, ‘Laxmi Ganesh Pujan’, bursting
of crackers and singing of traditional fold songs called ‘Deusi and Bhailo’ are some of the most
important highlights of Tihar, and which are sure to provide tourists and travellers a unique
opportunity to witness Sikkim from a different perspective and religion, other than Buddhism.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The festival is celebrated in commemoration of the auspicious day when Lord Rama along with
his wife Sita and brother Laxmana returned to Ayodhya after 14 long years of exile. To celebrate
the occasion, people of Ayodhya lit lamps at every nook and corner, signifying the end of
darkness and ignorance in their lives. Tihar or Diwali (as popular in other parts of India) is one
of the most significant festival for every Hindu in the country and is celebrated with unmatched
fervour every year.

The festival of Tihar is celebrated in the dark half of the holy Kartik Month of the Hindu
Calendar, which usually falls somewhere between October-November timeframe. The five days
of the festival honors some of the most significant animals in Hindu mythology on successive
days, paying their gratitude to each one of them.
10
Haribal,meena,butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their natural history,natraj publisher[2003]

26
In Sikkim, Tihar is a five day long fiesta that begins with the celebrations of ‘Kaag Tihar’, first
day when crows (the symbol of sadness and sorrow) are worshipped and offered with sweets as a
belief that doing so would avert grief and death from the homes

Second day, also known as ‘Kukkar Tihar’ is dedicated to dogs. Since dogs own a special place
in Hindu mythology, they are too worshipped on this day and are offered with garlands, tika and
sweets. Third day or the day of Deepavali, also known as ‘Gai Tihar’ in local Sikkimese dialect
is a special day dedicated to cows, the symbol of prosperity and wealth as per Hindu
mythological beliefs; cows are garlanded and offered with the green grass. Laxmi Pujan is also
done on the day of Gai Tihar. Lights, fireworks and the folk songs of ‘Deusi and Bhailo’,
narrating the story of the festival on the night of Gai Tihar provides for a magnetic spectacle,
leaving everyone with some wonderful memories of the celebrations. Next two day follow the
‘Govardhan Puja’ and ‘Bhai Tika’, also famous as ‘Bhai Dooj’ in Northern parts of India.

18] TEYONGSI SIRIJUNGA SAWAN TONGNAM 

Observed by the Limboo Community in Sikkim, Teyongsi Sirijunga Sawan Tongnam, marks the
birth anniversary of the famous 18th century scholar Teyongsi Sirijunga, who is greatly
remembered for his legendary role as a revivalist of the Limboo’s age old traditional legacy in
the state. The festival is one of the most significant for these native tribes, who celebrate it every
year with great zeal and passion. Various cultural programs and award ceremonies felicitating
some great personalities for their contribution towards the literary, social and cultural
development of the Limboo ethnic group, are few of the integral highpoints of the celebrations.

HISTORY
Limboos are one of the three original native tribes of Sikkim along with Lepchas and Bhutias.
They have their own language script and follow their own religion called Yumaism that mainly
focusses on nature worshipping with supreme deities being revered of mountain and river gods.
It is believed that during the times when Buddhism was being introduced in Sikkim, many of the
Limboos abandoned their existing faith in the concept of Animism and Yumaism. Realizing their
declining belief, Teyongsi Sirijunga in early 18th century started working towards revival and
strengthening their faith back in “Yuma Samyo” by once again teaching their own religion,
language and script in different parts of West Sikkim. As a result, Limboos who had adopted

27
Buddhism during that time, stopped going to the monasteries, which agitated the ‘Ta-Tshang’
Lamas of the Pemoyongtse Monastery, leading to Sirijunga and some of his disciples’
assassination in 1741. Their sacrifice created a great awakening in Limboo community who then
afterwards, were not much affected by the growing Buddhism faith in the region. And then on, as
a homage to this great Limboo legend, Teyongsi Sirijunga Sawan Tongnam, started to be
celebrated every year.

DURATION
Teyongsi Sirijunga Sawan Tongnam is celebrated every year on the full moon day of the
harvesting month of “Mangsir” according to Bikram Samwat, the official Nepali Calendar.
The month coincides with November-December timeframe as per the Gregorian calendar. The
full-day long celebrations commence with traditional puja ceremony, followed by Limboo folk
dances and musical presentations. The main venue for the festival is “Yuma Mangkhim”
(worship place for Limboos) located at Hee-Bermiok, ancient home for Teyongsi Sirijunga, in
West Sikkim.A small prayer, offering reverence to Limboo deities and gods by the Limboo
priests on the day of Teyongsi Sirijunga Sawan Tongnam makes for the biggest highlight of the
festival. People dressed in their traditional attires head to “Yuma Mangkhim”, the most sacred
place of worship for Limboos, in West Sikkim. Once the prayers and religious rituals are over,
people immerse themselves in a festive mood by engaging in folk dances and music. On the spot
contests, award ceremonies and a beautiful spread of traditional Limboo food makes for some
yet another interesting highlights of the day.11

19] LHABAB DUCHEN FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Sikkim is the land of Buddhism where a number of festivals are celebrated to pay homage to
Lord Buddha and to appease the local gods and deities. Lhabab Duchen is also one amongst
these religious festivals that celebrates the auspicious event when Lord Buddha is believed to
have ascended back on earth after preaching his ideologies and ways to attain salvation from the
worldly desires in the “Heaven of Thirty Three Gods”, an important world where devas dwell
according to the Hindu and Buddhist mythology.

11
Lama,mahendra,P,Sikkim;society,polity economy,environment;Indus publishing pp128

28
For many travellers with an interest in Buddhist mythology, Lhabab Duchen Festival certainly
makes for the best time to visit Sikkim in order to gain a profound insight into the religion’s
unique practices, traditions and beliefs.

On the sacred day of Lhabab Duchen, followers of Buddhism throng to monasteries to light
butter lamps, burn incense and offer special prayers to Lord Buddha; monks and lamas spend
whole day reading the holy scriptures and purifying the air with their chanting of mantras. An
important highlight of this holy festival is marked by placing freshly painted ladders on the rocks
by the monasteries to symbolize holy descent of Buddha from Trayastrimsa (The Heaven of
Thirty Three).

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

The celebrations for Lhabab Duchen are held on 22nd day of the 9th month of Tibetan Lunar
Calendar i.e. somewhere around November as per English Calendar. Devotees and pilgrims
congregate in various monasteries across the state on this day to pay their reverence, seeking
blessings of the lord. As per Buddhist mythological beliefs, the effect of all positive or negative
actions committed on this sacred day gets multiplied 10 million times, therefore, people try to
engage themselves in prayers and other virtuous activities throughout the day.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

According to Buddhist mythological records, it is said that at the age of 41, Lord Buddha
realized that his mother, Queen Mahamaya, who had already died was still stuck in the worldly
desires at a place called Trayastrimsa or “The Heaven of Thirty Three”. To help her attain
salvation and to preach his spiritual ideologies to the devas dwelling in the heaven, he descends
from earth and after spending about three months in the heaven, returns back with the help of a
gold, beryl & silver ornamented stairway specially crafted for him by the Hindu God of
Machines, Vishwakarma. This auspicious event is regarded as one of the eight great deeds of
Buddha and is celebrated in the form of Lhabab Duchen Festival every year across all Buddhist
nations and regions.

20] BARAHIMIZONG FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Barahimizong is a festival observed by the Mangar Community in Sikkim. One of the most
significant festivals for this tribe, it is celebrated as a day when Mangar people come together to

29
pay homage to their forefathers and kuldevtaas by performing various religious rituals and rites.
These ceremonies are followed by a number of cultural performances and on-the spot
competitions. Traditional Mangar food is also an integral part of the celebrations and provide for
an exotic treat to avid foodies and gastronomes.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The first Barahimizong Festival was held in 1998 with the prime objective of keeping alive, the
cultural and traditional heritage of the community. It was with the efforts of the “Akhil Sikkim
Mangar Sangh (ASMS)” and the “State Government of Sikkim” that the festival was a great
success at its first event itself. Today, Barahimizong has reached even greater heights and
provides for a wonderful spectacle of communal harmony in the state to the outsiders.

IMPORTANT RITUALS OF THE FESTIVAL

Prayers invoking deities and local gods by the Mangar priests on the day of Barahimizong makes
for the biggest highlight of the festival. People dressed in their traditional best head to their
ancestoral ground and offer these prayers along with a portion of fresh harvest, which is believed
to bring good harvest in the upcoming season as well. Once the prayers and religious rituals are
over, people immerse themselves in a festive mood by engaging in folk dances and music.
Various “on the spot contests” such as painting competitions, singer of the day, best-dressed
male & female and cookery contests are also organized, which certainly keep the festive spirits
high.

21] RED PANDA WINTER FESTIVAL SIKKIM

Red Panda Winter Festival is one of the most awaited cultural events in Sikkim that provides for
an amazing time to both locals and visitors who travel here from far and wide. The festival
primarily aims at increasing the influx of tourists during the leaner tourism months of the year
thereby, also promoting the state’s economy and rich culture and cuisine. Preparations of this
grand carnival begin days in advance with streets getting a makeover and proper infrastructure
put in place to avoid any inconvenience for visitors. Also, hotels and resorts come up with
special discounted offers, which not only prove beneficial for them but also for tourists.

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While this festive season is a great time for any kind of a traveller to plan his trip to Sikkim, it is
by far the best for adventure seekers who are always craving to bask in the glory of mountainous
terains; activities like trekking, mountain biking, river rafting and paragliding are organized
throughout the region during this nine day timeframe, that too at promotional prices.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Red Panda Winter Festival was previously celebrated under the name of Sikkim Winter Carnival
and was aimed at promoting tourism in the state during the winter months. Starting 2016, it has
been rechristened to honour the animal of the state, Red Panda, with other objective.

DURATION OF THE FESTIVAL

Since it’s a winter festival, dates for the same, fall somewhere around December-January
timeframe and which are decided and announced by the state tourism board every year. The nine
day long carnival, mostly held at the Titanic Park of MG Marg in Gangtok, is a fiesta of culture,
harmony, celebrations and ethnic food that brings together both, locals and tourists at the same
platform.

The festival starts with a cultural parade led by the festival mascot, Red Panda. This parade is
always a showstopper and provides for a fascinating sight to behold with people dressed in
ethnic attires dancing to the eclectic drumbeats. Following the parade is the nine day long
itinerary of cultural programs, adventure sports competitions, photography contests, handloom &
handicraft exhibits and flower shows, which are some of the major highlights of this festival and
that keeps everyone busy and engrossed in the beautiful Himalayan state’s vibrant aura. An
extravagant food fest, offering an elaborate spread of authentic Sikkimese cuisine including that
of Lepchas, Nepalis and Bhutias, is also an integral part of this winter carnival that often grabs
the attention of countless foodies and gastronomes12

22] CHRISTMAS FESTIVAL IN SIKKIM

Sikkim is aptly named amongst one of the best winter holiday destinations in India. Lofty
Himalayan peaks, sparkling lakes and crystal clear rivulets, all engulfed in the veils of snow,
provide for a much fascinating sight to the travellers and vacationers visiting the state during

12
Jha,pranab kumar,history of sikkim1817-1904 analysis of british policy and activities,O,P,S publisher[1985]

31
freezing months of December and January. To this hypnotizing scenery, a dazzling aura of
Christmas celebrations all around, simply add to the fun and excitement. Restaurants, pubs and
clubs on MG Road in Gangtok remain open till late evenings, offering festive dinners and drinks
to the holiday-makers. Needless to say, this is the best time for honeymooners too, providing
them an opportunity to not only bask in the awe-inspiring beauty of the place but, also to witness
in real-life, the unmatched festive aura of a hill-station that otherwise they would have only seen
in pictures and movies.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

The festival of Christmas is being celebrated around the world for past many centuries. Primarily
a religious and cultural fiesta for Christians, the day commemorates the birth anniversary of Lord
Jesus Christ, who is believed to have born in Bethlehem in the year 1 C.E.Celebrations for
Christmas start almost a month in advance; Christians across the globe decorate their houses with
lights and Christmas Trees. On the eve of 25th, people organize for Christmas parties and small
get-togethers amongst family and friends; exchange of gifts and a visit by the loved Santa Claus,
are some of the most common highlights of this beautiful festival and which are definitely
looked forward to by the kids. 25th December early morning, people throng to the churches to
offer candles and to be part of the mass prayers, which is further followed by festive lunch and
drinks The one day long festival is celebrated every year on 25th December around the world
and Sikkim is no exception. While this tiny North East Indian state is pre-dominantly a Buddhist
and Hindu state with the population of Christians merely about six percent, yet the festival of
Christmas is celebrated with great joy and zeal by everyone. MG Road in Gangtok serves as a
major host to the celebrations with streets, shops and homes decked up in stunning lights and
decorations. All the natives and travellers are immersed in a jovial mood during this festive
season of the year. What makes as the centre of attraction are the churches of ‘St. Thomas the
Apostle Church’, ‘House of Grace Church’ and the ‘Bethlehem Fellowship Church’, organizing
mass prayers accompanied with Christmas Carols and Food Carnival to be enjoyed by one and
all.

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23] KAGYED DANCE FESTIVAL SIKKIM

One of the most popular Buddhist festivals, Kagyed Chaam, is a celebration that is marked by
masked monks and lamas performing some rigorous dance moves, symbolizing destruction of all
the evil and negative forces, thereby bringing in peace and prosperity for one and all in the
upcoming new year. Various important scenes from Buddhist mythology are enacted during this
dance, which eventually comes to a closure by burning off effigies made with flour, wood and
paper. The festival is not only held in high regards by the locals but, also by international tourists
who believe in teachings of Buddha and find seeing this dance as an eternal blessing.

HISTORY OF THE FESTIVAL

Kagyed is a form of Cham Masked Dance performed by Buddhist monks and lamas as their
reverence to the almighty and as a means to ward off evils. The history of cham dances dates
back to the times of Guru Padmasambhava, the founder of Tibetan Buddhism in Sikkim, who is
said to have performed this dance to a vanquish a demon from this holy land.

The festival is observed on the 28th and 29th day of the 10th month of the Tibetan Lunar
Calendar, coinciding with the early week of December. Most popular venues of Kagyed are the
old Rumtek Monastery, Phodong Monastery and the Tsuklakhang Palace Monastery, where the
celebrations commence two days prior to the onset of the New Year, which is further marked by
much famous Losoong Festival.The most important highlight of this festival is the elaborate
getup of the monks, decked up in ornate costumes, vibrant painted masks and laced with
ceremonial swords and other weapons. It’s simply a hypnotizing spectacle to watch these masked
lamas jumping and swaying to the rhythm of echoing drums and trumpeting horns that too, so
swiftly and gracefully in perfect coordination with their fellow dancers. A yet another important
and interesting highlight of Kagyed is the burning of effigies in the concluding part; symbolizing
the victory of good over evil, this act is thoroughly enjoyed by all and marks for a new and
auspicious beginning in the coming new year.13

13
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CONCLUSION

The festival is very important for human being irrespevtive of their geographical arena.
Especially itw relief stress,make people assemble in a place renew their relation and
friendship.also its covey the message according to location and habitat of the people.

In Sikkim now there are exceeding 20 above festivals,which is pleasantly or traditionally

followed by neapli’s ,bhutia and lepchas communities.

Here my aim has been to draw attention to the underlying some principle of festival of Sikkim

Each festival has some historical and religious background which reflect the culture or belief of
people living in Sikkim hence these mixed religion,belief and ideas make the Sikkim most
colourful state of sikkim .

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