Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Multiple Integrals - 2

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Suhaib
    18 views5 pages

    Original Title

    3. Multiple Integrals_2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    18 views5 pages

    Multiple Integrals - 2

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Suhaib

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS OVERVIEW In this chapter we consider the integral of a function of two variables f(x. ») cover a region in the plane and the integral of a funetion of three variables f(x, y, 2) over a region in space. These multiple fnteyruls are defined to be the limit of approximating. Riemann sums, much like the single-varinble integrals presented in Chapter 5. We illus- trate several applications of multiple integrals, including calculations of volumes, areas in the plane, moments, and centers of mass, 15 1 | Double and Iterated Integrals over Rectangles “| In Chapter § we defined the definite integral of a continuous function f(x) over an inter- val (a, 4] a8 a limit of Riemann sums. In this section we extend this idea to define the double integral of « continuous function of wwo variables f(x, ») over a bounded rectan- gle 2 in the plane. In both cases the integrals are limits of approximating Riemann sums, The an sums for the integral of a single-variable function f(x) are obtained by par- joning a finite interval into thin subintervals, multiplying the width of each subinterval by the value of f at a point cy inside that subinterval, and then adding together all the products. A similar method of partitioning, multiplying, and summing is used to con- struct double integrals. Double Integrals ‘We begin our investigation of double integrals by considering the simplest type of planar region, a rectangle, We considera function f(x, ) defined on a rectangular region R, Ro asxsh csysd. les using a nctwork of lines parallel to the x- and y-axes x (Figure 15.1). The lines divide & into rectangular pieces, where the number of such pieces 4 in gets large as the width and height of each piece gets small. These rectangles form a partition of R. A small rectangular piece of width Ax and height Ay has area MA = Axdy. If we number the small pieces partitioning R in some order, then their arcas are given by numbers A.A), AA2,..., Ady, where AAs is the area of the Ath small rectangle. To form a Riemann sum over R, we choose a point (x, yx) in the kth small rectar * rnultiply the value of fat that point by the area 4, and add together the products: 870 ae ot Sr = B flrnyn) By, FIGURE 15.1. Rectangular grid Paritoning the epi Rint small Depending on how we pick (r1.)1) in the Ath small rectangle, we may get different values rectangles of area Ady = Au Aye. for Sy 854 Scanned with CamScanner Fubini’s Theorem for Calculating Double Integrals Suppose that we wish to calculate the volume under the plane z = 4 ~ x ~ y over the rec- tungular region A: 0 =x = 2,0 = 5 1 in the m-planc. If we apply the method of slc- ing fram Section 6.1, with slices perpendicular tothe x-axis (Figure 15.4), then the volume is 2 Ata) ds, o where A(x) isthe cross-sectional arca atx: For each value of x, we may calculate A(x) as the nagrl a= [exo 9d @ x , “which isthe area under the eurve z = 4 — x ~ y im the plane of the cross-section atx. In \., ting c+ eld ned andthe negation takes place with espe fy. Combin- a guasnf) ya <-90dr ing Equations (1) and (2), we see thatthe volume ofthe entire solid is FIGURE 15.5 To obtain the cost p sectional area A(e), we hold fined and integrate with expect 0 \6-ont) If we just wanted to write a formula forthe volume, without carying out any of the integrations, we could write vaime = ff “The expression on the right, called an iterated or repeated integral, says thatthe volume is obtained by integrating 4 — x — with respect to y from y= 010 y = 1, holding x fixed, and then integrating the resulting expression in x with respect tox from x = 0 t0 x = 2. The limits of integration 0 and | are associed with 80 they are placed on the in- tegrl closest to d) The other limits of integration, O and 2, are assovited with the vari= ables. they are placed on the outside integral symbol that is paired with dr. v) dvds. 15.1 Double and Iterated Integra over Rectangles BST What would have happened if we had calculated the volume by slicing » erento the si (gue 155)? Aba fincion of be pial et G7 © in agreement with our earlier ealeu "Again, we may give a formula for the volume as an iterated integral by writing voume = fe ‘The expression onthe right says we can Find the volume by integrating 4 — x ~ y with re- spect tox from x = Oto x = 2 asin Equation (4) and integrating the result with respect to ‘from y = Oto y = In this iterated integral, the order of integration i first x and then ‘the reverse ofthe order in Equation (3). ‘What do these two volume calculations with iterated integrals have to do with the fr- wd dy, FIGURE 15.5 Toobin the crom-tcctiona ea Ay) me holy Fixed and inteprate ith respect to yaa Scanned with CamScanner the rectangular region R: a Sx = be Sy = d\then’ [fone = [Pf tonecar= ff tesndrae Fubinis Theorem says that double integrals over rectangles can be calculated as iter- ated integrals. Thus, we can evaluate a double integral by integrating with respect to one variable ata time. Fubini's Thcorem also says that we may calculate the double integral by integrating in either order, a genuine convenience. When we calculate a volume by slicing, we may use cither planes perpendicular to the x-axis or planes perpendicular to the y-axis. EXAMPLE 1 = Calculate [f, f(x,y) dA for fs») = 100- 6%y and ROS 52, -15y 51. B58 chapter 15: Multiple Integrals i Solution Figure 15.6 displays the volume beneath the surface. By Fubi ff tora = [000 - ep aay = f{r00e 20h] ay i = [lew — 1ypay = [200 — 9}, = 40 Theorem, Reversing the order of integration gives the same answer: 2p 2 [ [i600 = oe) aya = [[o0y ~ 30°92, de FIGURE 15.6 The double integral 2 papa ie, = [00 30) ~(-100 — ae sale ower te ectangularegionF (Example = [2mae= 40, . b West +3 EXAMPLE 2. Find the volume of the region bounded above by the ellipitical paraboloid z= 10 +x? + 3y?and below by the rectangle R:0 Sx 5 1,0 sys 2. 7 Solution The surface and volume are shown in Figure 15.7. The volume is given by the double integral 1p “Tafs9) grat ome andr re ffcores ara [00+ 2 +3 ara surface over the rectangular region R (Example 2). 874 1 -[ [lly + a%y + »P YB ae i : = [00+ 20+ c= [aor + Fe + 8] s . Scanned with CamScanner EXAMPLE 1 Calculate {Jy f(x,y) dA for Sey) = 100-6? and ROS =2, -1 Sy =I. 858 Chapter 15: Multiple Integrals 100 ~ 6x%y FIGURE 15.6 The double integral Tin 405.9) dA gives the volume under this purface over the rectangular region R (Example 1). FIGURE 15.7 The double integral MH.) 4 gives the volume under this, Surfice over the rectangular repion (Example 2), Solution Figure 15.6 displays the volume beneath the surface. By Fubini’s Theorem, [froru-f. B “(100 — 62°y) de dy = [oe ay ay 400. =f ‘(200 — 163) ay = [200y ~ 89", L, Reversing the order of integration gives the same answer: [ [0 = 6x2y) dy de = [0 ae FTI ae = fo. = 3x?) — (100 - 3° de 2 = f[ 200 de = 400, . h EXAMPLE 2 Find the volume of the region bounded above by the ellipitical paraboloid 2 = 10 + x7 + 3y? and below by the rectangle R: 0 = x < 1,0 2 Solution The surface and volume are shown in Figure 15.7. The volume is given by the double integral v= [foo +a? + ay) dd = [fore ssrrarae i = [boreryoy 874 1 = [co+2? + mac= or +2 + Scanned with CamScanner Evaluating Iterated Integrals. In Exercises 1-12, evaluate the iterated integral. 274 1 [ [2908 op 2 [Pcerenae s ff 4 - y)dyde ip y OLlrs«* ea pias off 7 dyde 2 [ fe- nara OLLC-*)«s OL [Lerma # [LG vas Blfaren ne f[Prmae 2. ["[onerennag Evaluating Double Integrals over Rectangles In Exercises 13-20, evaluate the double integral over the given region &. 2. fio? - 2, R 0

    You might also like