Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Building Construction Illustrated 4th Ed. - Francis D.K. Ching PDF

    Uploaded by

    Archiesivan22
    2K views473 pages

    Original Title

    Building Construction Illustrated 4th Ed. - Francis D.K. Ching.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    2K views473 pages

    Building Construction Illustrated 4th Ed. - Francis D.K. Ching PDF

    Uploaded by

    Archiesivan22

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 473
    building construction llustrateo FRANCIS D.K. CHING Building Construction. Illustrated Fourth Editi Francis D.K. Ching witey JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ‘his bookie pinta on acid tee paper.) Copyra © 2008 by John Vey & Sonne Alright reserved Febished by John Wey & Sone tc. Hoboken, How Jersey Pub cmultaneowsty m Conaas No pat of hi pulation maybe repdicd. stored ina rtsevlaystem or teanomited in an fam ‘ty any means election mechanical. photocopying recording, scanning, or otherwtoe except ae fermivtad under Section 17 or Of the 1976 Unted Staten Copyright Act whout ether he prior {nrtcen permtcoon of the Publaher or authoraation tough pant ot Uh appropriate pe-copy to tothe Copii Csrance Cantor 222 Resenood Drv, Oamers MAOT923, (970) 750°B400, fax {870 646-6600, oron the nob seme Coppa comRequssts ta the Pubes tor pormsoion ould Ieaddresced tothe Farmssions Departmen Jan Wily & Sone, Ne I Fiver Stace Hoboken M) (6700, (201) 748-601, fa (201) 740 BOOB, or onine x heen com glpermslons. Limit Ustty/Dclaimar of Warranty: While te pusher andthe author hae sed tha boot eftoresimpreparing this hook thy make no representations or warranties withrespoct to the Scourcy Sr compltennoe of te content tes ook wed epecticy dicla ry pied warrantee tt orchantabity or ese for particlar prose No warranty maybe crested or stented Ses representative or written eles mater The advice an strategie contained bran ny not ‘eeutabte or youratuaton You shuld consult witha professional were aproprate Nether he fislaherorthe author sal belle fr any love af profi ray othr commerce damages can [itnot lnted Yo opecta ecient conequentil other damages For general information abot ow othe products and services, pase contact our Coatomer Care Department within the ted Stats a (200) 762-2974. ostsde the United State sw (317) 572 5803 ortaa 17) 972-4002 Wty ato pubis its hooks na variety of ectoni formato. Seme content tht appent in pont ‘grat aati Forrest yr ate a utrary of Congress Cataloging Pubcon Dats Indios itographicl eerences nd inden bung 2. Howse comet, ‘rie.e8e 2008 Frnt nthe Died States of America CONTENTS 4 Preface THE BUILDING SITE THE BUILDING FOUNDATION SYSTEMS FLOOR SYSTEMS WALL SYSTEMS ROOF SYSTEMS MOISTURE & THERMAL PROTECTION DOORS & WINDOWS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION FINISH WORK MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. NOTES ON MATERIALS APPENDIX Bibliography Index PREFACE ‘Theft eton of ths lustrated guide vo bulng construction ntroduced students and builders of srohitecture tothe fundamental pancpes tate govern how bultings ae eroctoa The aca ion provided [Trane expansive envy of bulaing construction by adding coverage of structural steal ranorced const ncurtan wal eystoms. The thd elton remained a comprahensientradution to the pinipies undying inting construction whe refining the grape format and organization of the ft wo eons, Incrpersting 2 ‘wpaned discussion of structural prscipea, lemon, and syotems and coverage ofp su esau our Spots and referencing Ue Americans ith Disaiies Act Access Guides an the MastarFermat™ ‘totem estabshed ty the Constructions Spectr Insite (C3) forerganzing construction eormaton ‘Acomman thread that wove sel though the first theeeliions and contis In ss fourth etion the ‘eteude hat buldngo and ate shoud be planned and developed im an crwitonmenally sete manner ‘opening to context and crt to redace tha flan on tate smonmanta cantrelaystame dhe ‘nora they conoume. To thi end. th tone deserien the Architecture 2080 Challenge and otlnen the LEED® ‘Greer Busing Reting System™ in Captor One. ahd eforonces specie LEED erteria wherever appropeats ‘itiona ontancemont for his eon lade updating ection numbers to correspon to the 200% ition ofthe CoIMastorrormat™ system compli withthe raqurements of the 2006 eon ofthe Ieeratons! alaing Code™. mtroccing green rot systems and expanding the dncisein ofthe ran seen priviple analits pplicrtion im oxzonor cladding stom would be nearly mpoosie to cover al ulding materials and constaetion echniqus, ut the Information proceed Nera should be applicable o moot resdential and commeclal construction seutons oncounored {Gay Constraction echnquos contausto adjust tothe deve of new bung materials product 2 standard Wat does nat change are the fundamental priipoe tat underbetuding ceed {Zpatema are constructed Tis hatred guide fchaes on chece pres wich can eave we pudepocte when ‘talaating nd sping new infomation oneountere in Ue nein. design and consracton oF bul ach buldng coment, component, or systems described interme to end use. The pect form. ua, ‘apabaty and sualablsty 0 ansloment or consponont wl vary wits nanafacturr and weal hs thereon ‘portant toabays fellow the manufacturer's recormendation the use ofa aterl or product and to Py ‘atetlateention tothe hang cae romuremeneeM ffct for the use an location os Planted butaig. ees ‘he wser's responsibly co ascertain the appropistaness ofthe formation cotaned in handbook nd to |ageitsWinoos for any partir purpoce Seah the expec advice ofa professional hen needed Metric Equivalent ‘Toe learnational Syston of Unta loam ntematinaly accepted system of cohrontpysical una, wing the ‘eter llogram second mipere kan, nd candela as the ace uns ofiength masa, ane actac cure, {amperatoe at laminousntonatty. Toca the rade th te ternational Systm of Uns. matic ‘Stalnt re proved tiaghout ss bok accor tte allwing conventions “Allwhole numbers in parentheses naeate miincters news ethorse nated 1 Dimensions inches and grestr are rounded to the nearest multiple of 5 mallets 1 Naminl-dimentone are secty converted tor examples nominal 2+ te comrarted so 51x10 ‘ven though ta actual 1s" 31s" dimensions mou be convertad t 30 x90. + Nowe shat 407 mm = 9.847 m 5 inlet cw he mere no ener speci | THE BUILDING SITE Bullding n Context Sustainability Groen Building LEED Groon Bullding Rating Systom The 2030 chal Site Anclysis Mechanics Topogeenhy Plont Materials Trees Soler Radiation Passive Solar Design Solar Shoding Daylighting Precipitation Site Drainage Wind Sound & Views Reguletory Foctors Zoning Ordinences ‘Sita Access © Greultion Pedestrian Circulation Vehicular Gireulation Vehicular Parking, Slope Protection Retaining Wells Peving The Site Plan Site Description Buldings donot et inaction They ar concaad house, Stor and iepte a range of human sctrtiesnreoponae ‘eclecutaral economia planed andar erected ‘etural and bust omtonments that conetain wel ae oer pportuities for development. We shold theretore careful oneider the contoua forces that a ite present planing {he design and construction of binge ‘Te meroctmate. topography and natural Rabat of te all Infuence design docions avery earty stage ne dong process. Tonnes tumor conor ao wel ae conserve ener [Indmateta resource, reopasve and sustanaie deign ‘eopocte the raigonous quite of x placa, adapt the fm, And layout ofa blag toch landscape. an tates nto Inauiion to endronmenta forces there ext the requltory {ores of zoning ndinances, Tse Fagus take cena extn and we pater ana prescribe the ‘Scape see and actin fora ete ae wel eC Jus. enironmental and regulatory factors nvence ‘sare and how development ocr, the comeeructon 6, [ndimaineenance of tangs inematy paces demand {ranoportation syetoms tities and ater senices A {eument quastin we faces how much development a Sitecan sustain wlthow exceeding tc eapacty of these ec sytena consuming too muchenry or eaiing Consideration f these content forces ste and bang design canoe praca without a et ascueston of sustains. SUSTAINABI {ind Dovotopmont chaired by Gro Harlem Srandtand former ‘rime Mintter of Norway. eed a reper’ Cur Common ‘ature Among it ndings the report defined sontainable ‘ovclopment 0s form of development tart macts the needs ‘tthe present nthoue comprising the aby of fare (generations tomoct ther nr aed Increasing awarenessof the eneronmental challenges (presented by climate change and resource depletion hat ped sustamnatity te Becoming aunfcan Inoue shaping tow te bung den industry operate. usta, ‘nectar road ocapeafecting how we manage ‘eoourees as wal ao ld communes, and hosts call {orale appraach that considers the socal economie: lin onironmentat impacts of development sn equines he ‘prepatin of amor, scart, deer an, ‘Snow govermmarea agencies, y {vl tay empocton pe aging ‘tiping communis andes Framework for Sustainable Development In1004 Tack Group Wot the ncraatioeat Come for Research an imovaton nung ‘Franorert for oustalaite depen. Principles ce renin onoamytin 1 Recyle resources for oun 1 Protect nase 5 Apyite-cyete costing + Fenton qatey (04 GREEN BUILDING “The tm greon bang" an “sustinais desig” are often ‘tse interchangeably to desert any bang dighed an eenmontay sean mar Fawn rant ‘Commanity context of dings. Ax a eosenta component ‘Steustalnaiany. aren bung eck to prow healthy ‘raronmants ina resource fficert mantor van ecology pases pre cron eran grny ota sich {CED Green ung Rating Sistem cs provides {ett mesoublecriera thse promote anronmntaly ‘stainable conetracton The rating ptm so developed teythe U5 Gram uiding Cun (USDC) sea consersa ‘ears —talratalalnrcies spr, {etontinualy beng evaiuted and refined mrexponse to new Information ra feedac. nul 2003 Canada sind cen from the USGBC 0 adapt Phe LEED rating system to ueeo® ‘ertiteaton for epee bung pen and phase of inline re the USO hia dentapt amar "STEED Nc: New Construction nd Major Ronorations LEEDACk Commer nertor LEED co: Cononal Deeb Homer 5 TEED Nihtornd Dope ermal 1. Sestoinable Stes deat it edcing the potion associated th ‘onstruction activity calacting tc appropriate for “evetpmient protecting emitter sensive areas Sr cestorng damaged habtats encouraging aleeratine Indes oftraneportation to radace the pact of [tomste use eopecting Ue natural water eoagy oft ‘Ste and reducing the effects of heat lands. 2, Water Efficiency [Promotes reducing the demand for potable water ane the generation of wastewater y wang mater consenang ‘Benen caparigrohetar fg peyton tor Conveying senage ad resting wastewater mt or Se LEED GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM jl.os 2. Energy & Atmosphere ‘Sentrages wcrening the ficiency with wich sng [iach ston seq sd se cnray creasing ‘Snort ond ecotomic pacts soci ith {ons fut every en rmisng th erases hat ‘omtrnate to ose depiction and gba warming sects to masinize the use of acaly aval. rapldly Fone and acyeled material, reduce waste and the ‘Semana forvigin macaral retain cultural resoureas and ‘rintze the evormontal impacts ote blogs 5. Indoor Environmental Qvality seta eo ec eae rect ol cig ofiaing occupant by improving indo ai qua, ‘mating ng of ora ran sr fk needs and preferences ad miming the esposireat Dialing aecupanes vo potently hazardous particulates ‘2nd chemical pollutants suchas the oats organic ‘ompounde (VOC) santana in adeowes and castings and ‘heures formaldehyde rsinam composite wood prosicts 6. lonovation & Design Process ‘omar exceeding the ruiements aby the LEED NG [Green Bain ting Syston andor demenstting \enovative performance Groen Bullng categron rot ‘pectealy adresse bythe LEED NC Gren Bulag ing Seton l|.06 THE 2030 CHALLENGE 25 Induotoy — (BE iogn re Teancportation — 1. Enoray Consumption by Sector ation pees shough the ‘selstoniion a aecion ioreorhoace gas moles ‘along the trmperatare of ‘het serps | owe ofthe “i aa in tied and warner enthosrincsnd atmosphere. ~ “ Climate Chonge & Globo! Warming ‘nua ore online tat ae Cheatnoaphere CO" acco ‘rthelargest sare of U.S. greenhouse qo omiesions, Poss fe Combstion tu source of CO omsion, ‘Arcieecture 2090 Is n environmental hocacy group whose ‘nislon te" provide ntormation nd innovative soutone Inthe eld of aretocore and aning. in nfo to ‘Wromstion Adrien tet aden lag ace ‘espns fr alot half Ua total 1.5 enery consumption Inorechaine gre (GHC) emiscas anual goby Maza Seacce the percentage cron aren Wat trelovat to any diseusion of sustainable design ‘utmost ofthe bung sectors nergy consumption at [tunhutable to the praaction of materials or te process ‘construction but rathr to operational procasoos—the ‘ecducethe eneny consumption and GHG emtsiongonerared ty the wee and naitanance of bangs ovr tee open, ‘Cleeeesary to property dng a adap be iyignengeteateges ‘ye 2080 Chatlonge seed by Architecture 2080 cals or sinew bulngs and deveopmints tobe designed tows tate fos ual energy they woul typlcatyconsum sd ‘hava equa amount of oaoting Puli area berovated Seu tmee sr staan Aer 2050 '80%in 2025, and that by 2080. al now buldings be carbon ‘eutal (osing nots el GHG ettting enc to bul ad opens). Ther are two approaches toraducing a bling consumption Sth mae digg oth sel oon ung [indempcy parte coving and heting tec to Fedice ‘Reo oergy reqaremerts The active approach to imran the yoann carter eats impact to biomaze and bo gx) Cat ae aval aly ‘ination a tng an appropiate cone: nergy the goat mining nergy we los neces Hoe Stapp that he sey may coe om SITE ANALYSIS | -07 ‘Sic anys the process of studing the ‘ontexeua forse thar nuance how we might Stuace a huting ly out and rer ee epaces. Shape and arledatetes enctonure, and exec ita llalonahp to Che scape Ay ie survey bain nth he gahonng of piel ite daa, Draw the anes and shape ofthe te a deed by aga boundaries Inatate requ setacks existing easoments, nd ats of may fai hae natn rete rhe bang eae + Anaizo the ground slopes and subsol condoms tolacate the areas Sitabeforeomtrscion nd outer actin lett top and moderate topes that may be unuitable for dewlopment teats areas sable for une an drainage ld appcable * Mapessting drnage pattern, (LEED SS Grd 6: Stormer Locate eicting tees and native plant materia that shold be reson «Bett ecoting water fostares, sch 0 wetinda stream, GEEED 85 Crate one Denar Protector Restore abt) Map climatic conition: the path ofthe ean thedrctin of [proving wind nd the exported amour of rata ide che pact of anor snd adjacent samcoreson cote ‘coon prenating winds, andthe potent for alae + Greta olaradalon a3. potent nergy Source + Determine posite pointe of access from publ roadways an publ Eranste sop (ED SG Cea: Aorstve transportation) ‘Stuns poonbeciruation patho for pedestrians sad vehicles rom hove Access pines to ing enracen. + Aacertain the nai owls: ater mai, anary 2nd Storm sewers, gs nes, lect power nes, depo and able Ines an fire ra + Determine geeus to other municipal sence, such as plce and ire protectin dem the scope of desist ews as wl a8 objections ems, (Gite potential sourees of congestion and nels. Evalue te compat finan nd roped land 1 Consider inow the esting sale and charactor of the eight or J rea might atfec ne batting ect | = Map eh pronimty to pub, commercial. medial and recreational factties (LEED 88 Cred 2 Development Denelty& Commaniy Conocety ae iad ance rv onde conan of rey are ates Slr parte. amor Seto Tatyana tee (A) Ud Sot saieatonSyotom further avidesgavela can, alte an cayelnta 2a types ‘cet on pyscal conpostuon and charactvitce See tabs below The sol nderyingmulng sce may actully coals of suprinpoced ers each wich contain mio oi types, dove ty weathering oe depocition To deee ‘tioeuceslon of ageraor irc call eotama gecteciical evpenr ram aol [otie a diagram of vertical action of sro the grou outace Co Ch uring ‘scot wang nformationcouectad om ato i or horn ‘Thema bung structure depend uinataly onthe stab and trench tering ofthe sol or rock unering te foundation The seatiietion. (Caepootin sn denay of the sl roe arian parle nd Ue presen ‘Bateoe of rnmetrtr ore a coca factors determining te cube of so “2 oundtion mato. When design anything othr than inl Famly wei e ‘Siaati to have geotacicalengnear uietatea wabertace mmestgnion A suboartace imestgation (COI Master ort 02:30 00) motes the analysis and {esting falda ncrton a et pup) dep oly def ‘Smprevowe strong ts water conto and permesbity and the expected extent ad ‘eof consoldation under nding rom ti iformation the geotechnical ngcer ‘Stevo gane te mtn total nd lorena etme unter adngty.a ‘ropes tounation syston. ‘ell Genscan Symbol aseriion Ssscepriiiy ——Permeabiity re frert Acton & Drainage Gravele—Cleangravels GN Wella gravel 479 None Excl e702mm Gr Foorigraded gavel a9 Nene scale Grn w/ nes ha Sige = site for a Clean sande Si 359 None Ereatlent 80064 mm or 2s None Seale Sundowitnes Sta ‘92 Stare fa Sc) Caeysana 192 Madam Poor ego tM eng ae = emt Foor Bays OL Orga sit cay Ver poor igh Imports Fe ooe mm U<90 Eleanore at 26 Vay high Poor Gi ante nceganie clay 88 Mature Imperous (OH Orsarc clayand ott Verypoor edie Imperoue Peat Unsure Big Foor ighy organic sts fe Bane onthe AST United Sot ClwafctionSystam ‘Conout a gectachnesl anger ond the lang code for slows acing capacen. ‘ipst=000470%ra SU git: th ator content expresced ana percontage of dy weg, at which aol poses roma plastic toa qu state Som MECHANICS |].09 ‘he slowabte bearing capacity of lt the manu i procoro fouaaton ts perttacto mposavarscay or [Ereatyon she ol maoe nthe avsons of oorectnlea ‘Scotconscratve ad bern ete forvatous sal ‘lnseeattona White gr bear capac sata preset ‘ew problems lw bern capacty cas may atte te ‘Sora certainty of eondaton anand dsebion ‘atzar ana unto, the orm ana yout of Pang Dencty isa ccal factor determining the bearing Capacity ef granular cote The Standard Penotration Test — ‘maacores the deny of ramos and te consistency Ot some cas a the bottom ofa borchrecrdng ‘he muber of Hows raquared fy ahammar to adranes 3 Standard solsampler i some cao, compaction by ‘maano of rin, tamping or soaking to Seaver Iolsture content. can werease the deny of aol bad Care grated sols havea relation percentage of ‘eld spacen and are more stable as. euaation material ‘han leon cla. Cay sol in partici, tnd tobe tietable aca thy sin and owal concidealy with ‘hangesn mosture contont- Unstable sole may renaor ‘Fort unbulabl nto an laborately oninceea and ‘apenas foundation system put im ace ‘The shearing strmgth ofa sis. measure ofits abity to ‘sic splasmant hon an ontaral frees aped. dus UUnyely to the combined eects ofehestn and eras! {ction On sloping sites, a well 25 during te exons fa fat site unconfined sol hae te potontial to dope Ucn cn sche yah trent Sraane ota eae acsurang free tra shea ‘elotance anhave elatvly hallow anal of repooe. ‘he water tablets the evel beneath which the sci ‘eeatarated wth groundwater. Some bung tos sro subject to seasonal Muctastions inthe love of ‘roundwater. Ay greater presente must be dsited ery rom a fodation system to veld redicng te arg capacity of the so and to minenze the posey ‘trata leaking ita. baaoment- Conra-grined colle ane ‘love permeable and dain beter than a gramed sole Slate oss auscoptibe to root ation, + Bope t= eter ange rata ne oot ance Jocation gain hora askance} x10 Topography refers tothe configuration o surface features ottploc of tnd wich nuances where and how Eo dae ‘deep ate. To study the response ofa ling design to terrane wen ener secioer Contour ines are imaginary Ines oning pot of equal ‘dowstion above a datum or bench mar. fhe raactry ofeach ‘ontourtne dicaton the shape ofthe ind formation a that ‘Sovation Note thar contow nes are aay cont and ever rs one another: hay coede' pan vow only when ‘hey cut across aerial surface ~ Gontour mere eer to the deference neato ‘presente yoy to alacant contour ses ona ‘opgrapc map or ete plan Theinteral ned in determined bythe cele of drawing te eae ofthe it ana Ce nature of the apap her there and tere the Spe ‘loping tte, 20 or 40 (Sor 10 m) contour inves ay be ‘fad Forsmallattou hang relatively gral slopes or (050r10 m)comure may be ncassary We can disco the topographical natu of ie by reading ‘he hreontal spacing at shape of contour tines = Contours apace tar apart adcate a elatvey Ma tr gorty siping surface + Exinty Spaced contour denote constant spe. cise Spal conturs dscns any sop + Contours representa ge when pointing Lonard tomer theyre var ht ~ Gru pes ne 2 otc oka — Creu lope ovr 1 are changing ta or ‘door acti atl are more expe to bdo. + Growl slopes trom 9 to 1k are atta or Informal utaoor active an can beat on ofthout tao mich atte. Ground slopes upto Stare sate for most outdoor Stites andvetatbelyeany to ballon Torocrapny 1.11 For unseat: ud cinoma owl ns ccoglal vaste the gral Inconendoveloping asic shal be to minntze the distartance of ‘casting andor an features we taking advantage of mata! ‘Peuntlopos an chomroctnate othe ne ‘ice development and construction should mininize darting the ‘ators drsnagepateom ofthe site and adjacent proportion + heading trance roto age + Attompe to cal the smut of cut and required fevcostracion of foundation sod ste developments — ‘Avs buaing on stacy slopes subject to eros oie. — 1 Wettande another waite hata may roma protection dint the baad ras o its ~ + Pay parccarattarion to bulaing restivans onsite + evatings structureon ples or prs miizes Aiturance ofthe natural terrain andenotngvogetation. ~ — + Torracng o stepping a structure along a lope reures xcaation anal they of retain wal or bench tracing + Eneng atc aopeorocatia ptnty ‘hemscroclmats of ste is fluence by the ground ‘levtion the nature and noretion fandom a he presence of bodies twats + The tompersturein the atmnophere Accreaatevtth stale approumatelytF _7A 1 Warmatenses. (056) forevery 400 (28m) inclton, + Sotarraiation warm southern slopes, creating temperate one. Daytine breezes which replace updraft of warm aie ‘ver an, can have cooing fete of co 10 (0.50) ‘Grass and othe ground covers tnd to lower ‘round tomporntares yabsortng cola radiation am sreciragng coving ry oaporation Lange bodes of water on \ "Ace as hast resorvir and maderate aration noc oncom FED 68 Great 7 Rasace Hest ana Ect + eegonerly cooler than land during the day and warmer strat ‘onratingofchore brerzon:, ‘regenera warmer thw anda winter and cooler in summer. ‘hatte clmacen ven ama bodies of ator are desire both Peychologicaly and piel, torte evaporative cook fet. 1 10 00: ste claoring 1 20 00: Eats Moving ‘.12 PLANT maTERIALS + Tostpport plant ea soll ct be ae Yo absor mature seg sprog atone capi art by prong shade ana coon the mada araiermont by St MestrFormat 32 90.00 Planting Trees ).13 Prog Stade ‘The amoure of sclarradition obstruct or tared vat depend on 1 Petty toa bling or utdor space 1 Shape spread. and hog Dene follage and branchstructare ‘Trees sade buldng or outdoor space most effecinay rom ‘hecoutheast during the morning and the cout cing the + Scutirtacing overangs powde more ficient shang during ‘hemlday period when Ue cu high nd casts sort ado Dactduou'tece prone shade nd lave protection during the stnmer and alow solar raation to penetrate trough hel Iraet seracares during te mnt. + Evergreen provide shade troughoutthe yer and haipraduce now glare rng the miner Serving a5 Windbrook ‘rergrean can form ofoctiv windbreaks and refuce haat oos tom abun rng te rt Te toage of pate materiale reduces wi How ele. 2 eaisot za! Detiaing Space eos can shape cet door spaces for actlty and movement. Direcng or Saseing Views Nynos can tame desable ws, ‘ees can cream undasirble ews amd provide rvs for Anenuating Sound <"Acombinaton of dectiuows and everarsen tees 9 most fective Ininterepting ad attenuating abort cond, especialy whet ‘Combined wt earch mound, Improving ie Queiy + (eheesconalse sonia gaseous and other pollutants. 1 Photosynthetic pracess can metabolize fet and other odor ‘Stobizing Sot +The root structures of res ald in stabiizing sol ncreasing the permeable f the aol tovatar and ara prventing erosion ‘1.14 SOLAR RADIATION ‘helacation form, and orntatin ofa aling and is ‘cee sould ake advantage of the thermal, hye. 2nd Poychsogial benefits of suit. Solr ada, however. fay not always be neil. arpending onthe tite and imate of teste png the design of ulin. te ‘tjective shou tomaimtanabalonce bet ween erated evade whom sla aduton a benefit and cverheted [Povtods whonraation shuld bo aod. . ‘he patho the sun trough th sky vanes with the seasone andthe attade of ing site. Therange of solar anges for ‘ete tied mate ace ase ‘Sirvice bureau before clclting the potential alr hest gt ne hd shading requreents fora butding desig com A te Gamer cletice (une21) 5 Sei can otro * Ateuna equion (September 22) Tsien termine Soler Poth Dingrom ‘Mon 20/Seph. 22 Dee 22 hme 27 ‘oronto ee So Be ‘ne bo oe eo tet SOLAR RADIATION jas {octolted bulings mdiferert cratic regs. Te Information presented shouldbe conser lon with (thor content and programmatic requromente Cool Regions Minitsng the surace area of bling redices oSManinize sorption of oir radiation, Provide wind protection Tomparate Regions "Elongatng the form of bulng slang the east wast Minimize ect ana west exposires which are sry wore summer and cir sir han + Balance Slr nth hide protection on Encourage airmovement in hot weather: protect tains wind nec weather Hot-Ari Regio pad sla and consti heat gan {Promote cooing by evaporation using water feteres ‘and platings + Provide sla shading or windows an outdoor spaces, ot-Humid Rogions ung form longed along te east-west ante ‘minimizes suse and west ponies, Tezduce sale in + Uae ind promo cong ty apron LEED EA cas Optinize Energy Performance ~ Location = opentation 1.16 PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN asive solar heating refers to using sear energy to hea the Interorpacen of ulin without ring on mckaniea devices that rele adaial ner Fave solar systems ‘ely nea on te natural news transtr processes of ‘ondutian, conection and ration for he calcio, ‘storage dotuton and control of ooa ener ay + Theselarconstant tthe average rate at whichradint nergy rom he sunt receve ry the earth lo ‘380 Beu por square fost pr wr (3958 Werf) ed ‘aes the effects of sla radiation oa bulge. ‘here are to cosets elamentain every pacave sla stem: —— Stang ts or transparent pte ta ‘ates and 15% 2 298 of for area in tomperste ciate, ‘Sopondng on aworage coor saner tampered Poiectd beat ce ~ Ghing materi should ve resttant tothe degradation ‘caused iy tho utr eaysot these, + Duo glecny and nslaton ar repr Go ince ‘nightie eat ose ~ 2A traitor hat cin, ore ‘terma essays ascot wi oto 1 fe ioeote asso) iat 8 (2001 300) Steer 6 (00 ormere Darcie bor mone clara ton ones can sanst mvaancing hast distro, acd on the relationship Between the si, the err space. Sat the heat callecion ayotem, tore are roe mayen ch occ solar heting canbe aecomplshed: direc gan nec LEED EA Crt? OnSite Renate Ee sees LEEDEA Gree Green Power St Mastesfomat 23 56 00 Solar Energy Heating Evin Direct gan ystems colct heat directly within an Interior space The eurtace area ft storage mat. ‘then io incorpoated tthe space shad be SOX to (60% ofthe tal oartace aren of the opace During the ‘rolng season operate window and wo ae aed Indirect (Fauld ie sdar ston irr skh thera tate, ether aconorete or mason Trombewal or = “roma of water fied barrteortabos which is locaad between the sunand the being space The abvorbed solar nergy mowes trough the wa by conduction a then 10 ‘he Spacey radston nd convection, [XZitraom erste another mck for i tere gai The sunspace having oor ohh Cera ‘ermal sbage val hom tice ea oe eed Fer'anotng the snepace canbe wetted tote extror Pond ‘Another form of nara gains. of pond that seres ‘eSiitd masa for absorbing and stoning sla nary. ‘ninotating pana moved over te roo pond st gh ‘Mloning the stored eat to radate down to the Space In summar the process le reversal to alle noma ‘etabaorbed during te dy to rade tothe Sy at mah tsolted Gain Neolated gu systems colt and store solar radiation ‘puny fom the space tobe ante. Aa iron watarin ‘alectoris ware bythe sum eres to tho served pace rie stared inthe thermal mas ut ocd Simultaneously, coolers or water pled rom the bottom ofthe thermal storage resting natural conection top. > ventforcacing [oer medion tit ee ‘ahestig ‘Thermal mse 12° (305) Trombewall 6" (150) drama 10"«12 (3050x3600) or grater aor area Monte inauaton pane (18 SOLAR SHADING co + Sansed towers pronde more Knjvarce ncaa range ot ‘oranges atreeerererrereeé (St MostrFormat 10 71 13 Exterior Sum Contol Devices + Morzontal ower paral a wall erm retin na a on » Creare mua ect comrsatsatapose [atest again occ agen + Meat“abeorting ase can absorb upto 40% WReersotat areveryettcietiahorckmates, ofthe radiation reachng burt ‘Shading devices shld windows and other gazed areas fom ance unight in oder reduce gare ard encore soar heat gain inna weather Tht efectivanone “te an smut fore tine of ay and season of theyear Exterior dovcos are moreetfiion ean those located wathn nor spaceo because they intercept ‘Solar ray before hay camreachan eter wal oF iastraed are tase type of sour ching deco Tee {orm orenation, materia sna conctrction may vary 62 ‘srr spact stone Teal quale Ot pats Weeonldored when dosing the facades alate + Tethers may be operated manualy cr contd {stomatal with ime orphatoctactic controle toadaptc sla angi. + Separation rom wal reduces conductive heat in | Li + Trees and adjcent structures ay provide sade opening ont pronmiy, hoi an onetaton. + Nort facing window et Iaote atu ght pavucutinc {].19 ‘Sola radiation provides no only heat but alco ight forthe ntaior spaceo ofa ling. Th dayght has poyheloial benefice 26 Wells practical utity in reducing te amour of energy equred carticlalighting. Wile nose. vert ough ares wt he tine of day tom season bo season. ad rom place to place trea beatae by cloud cover hace and precptation. nd rected Deect sung ‘yh reflected and ace bya moles * Extomal reflectance frm the rod an adjacent structures “The quantityand qualt of dayghting ina space are determined Iythe stzeand ocentation ofa window gpeningo, ranomiteancs ‘tthe lating flectance of room suraces and outdoor surfaces ~ Sn sternicions of merkange and nearby oes "Nt: and mest facing mio raquie shading ences bo aod the bight cary morning and ate -feersoon sun Sout tacing windows are eal source for dig extant ‘Shading devin can control exaseiveslar radiation and gare ‘hetevl of amination provided by daylight inches a ppoetrates anintarior space. Gonealy. he larger anaigher 4 Irdow isthe more dag wile oom Lia nas sha glazing trom dec sung wie reflecting Asyigonto te cling ofa ram. A series of paral. opasue ‘tite lowers can sno prov aciarshading and rec afd ‘yg tate nsrtr = etre of thumb at daygting canbe eects for ‘sttumnaton upto apa of ze the geo sw ~ {he Liewato the aor in the reocon a station of ‘yg ight colored surfaces reflect a dst hgh more ‘fel large arena of shy surtacen can caus gar —- Syghts nth translucent gain can ftectnety apg a space rom above watousekcrocws hast galt += Tootmettrs ar anather means retecting Ang to some ight, allow daylight ‘efeneaiesace om scassveIrightess ratios cam ead to glare and impamient of ual perfomance Glare canbe controled by theuns of shading “Sean ts properorontstion of tak surtacenae ing Sioa eo Eg eee \|.20 PRECIPITATION ("Singtel ccs the esghond nection GF the roof structure ota bing the chece of ling ‘anctraveed oot aame tel pael curiae resces the “Smoune of storm mater tha must be dated from he ts. Friary orbs cox beens ebcloncrns srowty tae om rat + See Chapter 6 for constrcting oo systarea ~~ Bee Chapter? forvoting ascent. Fut rote rue icher mterior rot da song ther posmeter for dstage + cold mates, at oofoare subject toheay stowleads. orscappers| Moderately itched oof easy shed an but may 7 Oromangs protace the exert walls ofa bua + Steely pitched roots shed ramater ck. the Sng the popetegreter than GO th rot ry uttore and downepovte lead toa storm sewer to SITE DRAINAGE {).21 evelopment ofa sie can alec the enoting drainage pattern ond ‘rent adational water ow fam construct rot are an paved ‘Stefacos. Limiting acroption fase’ natural water Ryaroogy na promoting ineration ty such means as perows Pang and Sesrtated rls act! Ste eanageiorecenaryia pert “here are two basic types fate drainage: subourace and surface Jraiage aycteme. Subsurface drainage coneite ofa underground ‘coer igo comer roar toin of dpoea Gn thesice Exess groundwater can reduce the load camyg Capacity of s foundation at an inereace the hsaroctatleprevere ‘nia bulding foundation Waterproofing erquted fr bapament ‘Structures tested cose oor blow thevatar eas ofa ae Ree icmcemeteencst, ORME es stv ren med ye eee = Soentsteemeanen ries aceasta emer oariepea peer mcrae oceans ee SRE pea erate ~ Bact —=Z ‘Acta orintereetng dain mayb acd + One type ofcurcain dain isa French drain which a nate ofa trench ited to ground tev (cone otanes or rock agent Catch moins aereceptacls forthe runoff Surface water Thay havea bain or sump that ‘tains hon adiment before ean pasa nto Sinundergrond drainppe tert eri hel ping ander Catan areas canbe designed toloo ie ‘inated welder gineard esigned. and constracad outset (rocecsosin testing wastowater and proving water quay LEED 20 credit 6: StrwaterDengn LEEDWE Credit 2 lnovative Wastewater Technologies SI MasterFormat 32 70.00 Wetlands (Si MasterFormat 32 40 00 Storm Disinape Uses 22 winp + Hh nets dec sro upward routing nats of cong fect: - Gotain oveangs equaling ‘rcernl prom Suction ety Has helght of indoreak ‘neyo amu ae pittem but shoud tow ‘sing war ab escape + Grerangs ovr openings ara Tow Uapmard which may be unstable forcoaing ear partons md fishing may ars + Fat root + Roo lopesuptorht2 Root slopes greatar than 722 ‘Ste contaratons mall cere region Te Ceaser and ‘styvaratone noted shod be cartuly covalderadtn ‘raring a potarea for vrtating err opacas ad ‘Strdsor Courtyardain warn weather’ causing here locs ‘ott weather anatnposing eral ioade ota ang Win induc vontationofiteror spaces aide the aiceacangenocesaary for heath a adr removal bot ‘esther and opal hum chimaten venedation a nea for convective or evaporative coling Natural ‘entation ase roauces the nergy required ky chal aneand eupment (UEED EC Crete 2 crease Vensuion) ‘he movement of though a uilng is generate ty Ateroncoo lr rosoure no well ao temperature The uting pater ofa flow are aftectad more Py ing ‘geomet adoration tanya Spe [Sidovenekadon can ale rduce reread radiate het as In cold climates a bun shoud be tffored gana citing ‘Crests the cant ta nd hata depen onthe ‘gh depen and erst othe wade rents ‘hewn the wa wei + parity penetrate windscreen creates ess presse

    You might also like