10.75 to 0.80 s taken into account, This very similar to 2 shove {ibis 1. then from equation 16.9 for dey motor pump Uris, he economic effcioncy"s equal tothe motor effciency For wet ‘otor moter plima Units operating uncer the same conditions, aio = tox, where i the fosses to the surroundings, then ne ‘economic effcency” is delermived by arpying equation i619 Measurements nave shows thal the losses "x" othe surround Ings are normally Between 4 ane 7%, for wet colar surg with ‘motors up lo 2.2K, which is less than ie conresponding dry moto" pup losses of about 20%, Iheantherefore be conclused tha, forheating systems iothese rcamstances, Beller running economy wil Be acheved using ‘wel mola? reaation pumps than by using ary motor aus, "eg Fen Conclusions ‘The heat auiput of a Neating pent is provided by the heat ex ‘egctes fom the uel an the power Suppliec to the crew ang pamp 2 electical energy contribution ‘sal sinportant whan considering Ihe cptimm economy o the complete heating syst A comparison of heating system anergy cass for similar sys ‘ems in aiferent countres shows thal n countnes ae Sweden Usheteelectrcal energy s eval inexpensive, the Tac a approaches 1 hus making wel rotor mote: croulation pumas, espe ei lowerafc'arcy. mare econamica in seruice than though being relatively In counties such as the Netheriangs where electricity is more expensve,the ralic ab aparoacnes 0 and dry motor circulation pumps are more "economealyeffiient 16.10 Pumping of delicate solids ~ food and live fish Introduction Screw cantifugal unpeler pumas ale being used to Harsport fever the most perishable of foods, for example oranges, ap ies, ctanderres, bear sprouts, Beans, peas and mustrooms ‘round food processing plans {See Figure 16.28) For mary years also they have been used nish farms for the Aanstereflva Fish, grading o tanker leasing duties, helping to reduce and etminate the damage and Ng” labour costs i cuted with the rove traditional manual methods previously fipioyed. See Figute 18.28 Pumping food ‘Tne pump and its associated pipework system s particulany| benetical were space is limited or where Vere is a Need to ‘eangpolt large volumes over ong taneas, oF on complated routes, where the allernative is ranste'ring aroduce aetwern fhumbers of aiterent canweyar bells, See Figure 16 20. (Oe af the most important requirements of equipment used in food processing is ofcourse, an abil ta hance produce gently and:his is where crew cantfuga impeler pumas have ana anlage, being oviginally designed to pur ive fish. As a con sequence, he pump srerowned lors abil totanspat even tha most delicate of meteaals wihaut damage ‘The pumpis craractersed ty severalunique featuresineluaing| an ably to hancle deveale soles without camage ane viscous matenals a low snear rate This allows 28 Vansportaton ot fever the most agile matenta's over a wide range oF puryping| Fates. tras a very smoot) nydrauic path (arce thee passages and high efficiencies which produces tow recirculation ofthe liquid whi the pump. Ths tur results te use of emailer ectie motors, ower aower costs ane raduead mamtenance ost, Cleaning the pune provides minimal disruption o the facloy processes; this is achieved by fushing with clean water or purmping @ cleaning agent rough the pipelines. Secause the ure System is ease’ fe claan tis more hygienic As wel as promneting “apie and eflecive clearing, the fact tat the pework's erciosec reduces the danger of dit aling inte the cae ceil PUMPING MANUAL International 388