UNITED STATS DEPARTMENT OF THE ITERIGR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DESIGN STANDARDS NO, 6 ‘TURBINES an Pues ‘TABLE OP conmENS Chapter jude Tastings 3 Wests & 5 Sation-dorvioe Siping Bumotay Plats 3 RAR Pit aucaacion C 4 Design ¢ say‘Turbines and Pompe chap. 1 Hydretio Turbines "TABLE OF CONTENTS| HYDROELECTRIC POWERELANTS REQUIREMENTS l ‘lant Chassoteniatics Reeuived Date Head Bango of Hoa Definitions eed Lose Blow ‘inn Rating ‘Capacity ant Factor Lead Factor amber of Unite oBeRe BREEN ‘TURBINE CHARACTERISTICS Towshead Turbines eaiura- and High-hoad Turbines Specie Speud spybesle Characterietioe Efisioosy Brant Control euabitity REACTION TURBINES conernueTion 112 Genera isa “Deotgn Roopenaiosty Liss Goel Sire cases E16 _Conesete emfapiral Cases Hla) pean Rites 115 Bay Ringo ig BeLiners ir Bimese 1g fake B19 Heed Covers E20 Bessinge TAL Wicket Gatos 122 Reston Turbine Vening EB Swvomaore 124 Governore as Exssoure Repustors pse8- 1am(Chap. 1 Hydrate Turbines Turbines end Pump CTABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued C [REACTION TURBINES - Continued seuEcrion Paragrash 1.98 Speed and ie £2 Sit Cae Dimensions 13 Seto Case Denstos Ee Sting noroine 180 Brat Re Broprtions ES Senrometor capacity 132 Covemon Timing REGULATION Cc 2.99 Gena ES ehlating Costant E35 Rermoce Pastor ES Spt ae Ze Rinmway dpact 386 Hurl Braet “TURBINE INSTALLATION 3.80 Genes ia) Erection C ta Ging La Saintly 1S Mainernee erULSE ToREMEEE consrRucTION 164 Gener « 1a Whee ia None i Sian sos Bearige ii Waele £m Giveraor seuecmon 4.50 Capetty E51 ier ot Wooo and Nosziea ES Temaneer ES ton Donte Ee Seed 155 insonta Oaks 158 Vertical Unite pe-6-8- 11/29/71‘turbines ond Bunge ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Shap. 1 Wydreaie Turkines ianbe UST OF FIGURES ne Eefensnse ‘Turbine Performance Corves - Maxinsum "aeed Range aa ead Lace Theoagh Tesahracks fs ‘Usa of lead Bve to Obeeructione in Cloeed Connie Ls ‘Lege Costicents for Dirgea Flow Throat ‘enstosk Branches and Dende 13. Water Levels and Operating Heats Lise eition Looe in Welded Stel Penstocle rs ‘Alicalica Diagcam for Types of Hydric ‘Rinse Pe Eraicia Turbine Wetght nie ‘Turbine Draft Tubes, Doute Per - Typical ‘Proportions au ‘Tassine Dealt Tubes, Sipgle-Pler = Typieal ‘Preportens La ‘Weight of Turtine Runnere rat Shafe Dinmeter - Vertical Unite me Pressure Regulator with Meedlatype Valve and Through Bate-type Energy Absorber ‘ein Disaharye Elbow 135 ‘Pressure Regulator with Neoeo-type Vanve ‘ant Bowl Bnergy Absorber 1.35 Pressure Sagulaton with Poppst-oyes Valve ‘na Cylingscal Emargy Abeertor 1.35 ‘Turbine Characters Speed 138 ‘Tirvine Guarasteritie Bitcieney Curves 28 ‘Turbine Runner Proportions 138 Spiral Case Proportions ua Somispiral Cane Propartions a8 [Recommended Total raft Head - Francis ‘sod Kaplan Turbines 1.29 Draft Tubs Wetor Level Depressor - Reaction “Turbines 122 Draft Tibo - Preliminary Basic Outlines 1150 ‘Tertine Servorictar Capacity in Welpits of Governors rer Unaasignes ‘Reaction Turbines - Speed Rise se ‘yaeaulte Turbine -Ranaway Speed nat ‘Touine aydealie Thrust 138 ‘Besisonal-shat impelas Tartine ni Vertioalsaft Inpuise Turkine ie Inpulge Tucbines ~ Pich Diameter Ls. Impulse Tusbines = Rumer Spect iss Impulse Tuebines = pacific Speed per Jet 8 pee 11/22 Desig roe paige enn, re nes ssc pee2ee 10s baoe lobe tos ps4 ton base 1os-p-16e ros Dat tos fos-bas 105.D.190 ros.p.a4e s0s-Dage 30s:D-18 iosb-380 1osb-239 108-D-18 ices? 108-De1 soe-bda iene ioebae. r08-De 10e- B22 Facer 406-B-a00 106-282 105-b-278 los bare 108-280¢ ‘Tertines and Pune (chap, 1 antic Turbines HEDROELECTRIC POWERPLANT [REQUIREMENT 1 Hydnostectrie powerplants of tue Buncau of Reclamation axe opersed as a gext PLANT: fs multipurpose project and normaly develop power incidental to th release CHARACTER. Gtwtar for stuervarpooss. ego sulenaoa avo ial wado to eatin ters TICS {ation oe municipal at ndiotral wer supply roqulsomen’a, and to provide ‘Baecm regulation for Aeod control and navigation, 2s Wall as asiloral bons= {its sua oy teh propagation and actuation. “ine capaci of mueh pant fa fiseefore depensont upon the had sealable ap that part ofthe voleaste 200- omicelly dovolopable. Ths type of operation reeuls In a wide range of oper ‘head and inmaty cases, a conserdble geascral variation eo. Above the rated ota of te plant tts capesty Is ibe bythe Sdlowal capecty Gf tne geseraiorsy buc below at head te 4 gate onpclty ofthe tines ie fhe absolute tim of catput, ‘ne tusbine pexforuanos curves at il gate, igure 1, iluetrate the sprorimata variation of capacity with hod and tho [pnttial Mite of operation for tho geveral pes of reaction trbines. These [vesage carves are mothe for pesitminmry power sadion a tho lasted st ‘ll met Sepert from tao indicated power outp by move than 5 percent atthe Trinimim Read, with she highchead Francis unit proausing 40 peroset and the Iowehond Prancis nit 0 persons of Gre design fll gee power” <2 The determination ofthe proper type and ize of unto to be installed in agiven REQUIRED powerplant requires tie project planaing sudioe and the iad surveys to eaub- DATA Eck te sawing condones A ‘The macimum and minimum grses hands et which power isto be produced, 4d the weighted average bead 1B, Tho avorago flow release through the plant for generation of power Che copucty of pare aseumed for the power studies end the racervotsele- ‘tion at which Gat capaotty wan tained. rimums requires pla apse iy at mania head 1D, Atamwatey curve at ne plaut ete win particular exaphaate wpon the else ‘ation corsoepending to minimum seleaes, full powerplant capacity eleace, and average early “lool 2, Suttons information ta dotermine approcimate penstock arrangement and Ieee FF, Dasoristion of epecial conditions under which the plat may be regalzed to persis. Theos may tnclode euch nestrictiona so constant low or parte Yolecoes se Gitated by dourstream requirement, cantant or paciodie frodution of omer, d= auch other eontons tending to judy depentare ‘rom tho size and typeof unit normally seletod Detail review of projctslamningstdion wile salting the tubinaa ofan results inner revisions in pln capacity and trrangomont, aad posebly (a rected earnings, to more veatsticaly reflect the characteristics tod it~ [tion of the tatines and generators salable, pe-e.8- 11/23/71Chaps 1 Hyaastio Turbines ‘Turbines snd Pump aT HEAD ange 2 nad Definitions HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANTS - Contiaied [REQUIREMENTS - Contimed 5. A tublno dering an altemting-current ganerstor tus operate at constant Speed reardioas of the varaticn of ead or loud At tho design head te ut ilk achieve tie nighes efcteney, but any doparinre tora tat deen bead Wall Sssul in a progressive resuoton of sfticeney aves the lise sanyo ef oad 8s the head decreases the runner wil tod to run away from the incoming Water as te velocity othe Incoming Wator approaches tae pavisheral velocity ‘rine sumer. Than impulse turbine te un wou develop zero power a some ‘that Lees thin 25 peccant ofthe design oad, "Mosel test erosion ar Prarie Suunare isos tet the aevo power head wil fll betosn 20 and #0 perce of the design head, Performance records of inlallod hydroclacteic une show tat ‘cavitation and tration, witha septa drop of etficiney, oveus much eesler both ign and low hodde than t normal hea enpecialiy with unta operas) 1B alignly higher taun ideal epzed. Head variston ssid bo restzisted tothe {ealowiny porcon to lnauro a norms) 2unaay life sd reasonable minima ‘A. Rermisathle Opersting tas mee ‘Beroent of dosign bead Francie apt0 125 Firet-flace propeller Sot 110 ‘Ajsemble-bade poopeller Bote 128 ‘The Impulse type of turbine, working under extremely hish heads, oporses 1 dang nearly constr head an the proba of vatanie oad is e&dom Sport 1B, The owvoral hozds of imporance inthe alaction and operation of tbines are lustrated on Pigare 6, and are desine as felloust (Gros Ha (i) is the etforonc in elevation between the water Levee DF te Torebay aad che taitrace. ‘Net Hoa (i) ho gross head legs al yale Ioeses excep toes ‘Slargeable tte reine. Net head ts the sed evade for dot wos Gite turbine. Spiral saze and drat tbe loses a2e charges tote antrum ead (gag) 6 the 9208s heed resulting from the dtloreoce ia ‘Iovatlan DelWeon tie texszam farebay level andthe tatrace level with- ‘ut apliway diacharys and with one unit operuing at epecd-ne-Iond (Q- trprovimataly 9 parcent cf rated Q)." Under thi condition, Aya Ub losses are noglgiblo anf may be lavepardod Minion Hed (yg Sha nat Noa rooting frost diferance i ‘Ievatlan DaIWEaE the nmim foretay level and te taloace level with all turbines operating at fll-gate pse.8- 1724/72‘turbines and Pumps Chap. 1 Hydautie Tusbines EXDROELECTRIC POWERELANTS - Contimied REQUIREMENTS - Contimued olghtod Average Head (aye) i the not head detorminad trom reservoir Definstons poration calculations, which wil proaice the samo amouzt of omer in (ODn'.) ‘lowatte sotveen thst heed and maim hand ie developed belsen that same hand end minimum Head. Thle weigted average head will Uoually ie spprtiestalytwotsinds ofthe tla sage of asad aber Doan Hed (ng) ia the ne head at which peak eticteney is allsined while ‘SEOPAIRg aE rated spond, This head scold yreferhiy epproximate the ‘Welghied average head, but muse bo co selected atthe masimum and {ntulmim hoada are hot beyond the peranesile opertieg mange ofthe urbe. Tha Se tia Road tien desermines the tase uenaions of the fine, and tharofore of the powerplant ‘Rate Hond Oh, th net head at which the fll-gate oupat ofthe turbine Droduess Oe ganevator rated outgt in Kilowatt. The turbine nameplate Fang ts usually given ab this hoa, suggested that raied head Wo determined as flows: vente (PRY! 00th vere rma th not toad resuling from the diterenes in elevation bebiow the memo operating ovobay lvel sl te ‘ellrace love with al nite operating 8 i gst, aad PLP. = Gonoretor power fastor ole: the factor 2-18 a or generator having an overload ‘Spoly of 115 percent of Sue rated capac, (rites Het (hg 1s te nat head at which the fllgate catpat ofthe {UFUIng EGLOes the permieeibie overload on tho generator at undty over tactar (usually 118 percent of the gensrstor tom rainy Tae ‘sed wil produce tae maskmamn discharge trong te rt (©. Tho sovoral head loaoee presen in the condat from forobay to vabina telat Head ‘which make up te ctferense beeen the grose and nee head are as follows: Less Entrance Caual. Seo the Bureau's Hydrasife and Exenvation Tobe, ‘Prashrack Loss, See Figuce 2 Entrance Loss (in yorsent of velocity head ‘Berean intake (Jet contraction) 18 pavcont Bolimoath nie 1 peveost ‘Rectangular intake 25 peveent Sharp-odged opening 5 percent Recentrare te BD percent s.6.8 = 1/29/71chap. 1 Hydraula Turbines ‘nosbinee ant Pune ry HYDROELECTRIC ROWERELANIS - Contimed PEQUIREMENTS - Contimed Hod ‘ranition Loss (in porcon of change of velocity head Ines 5 Gradual contraction 10 percent foe (Gragual expancicn 20 percent ‘Abrupt expanaton 100 percent ‘up cortaction ‘0 percent betcton in conaut (See' igure 3) Branching Pigs, See Figure & Bens Lass. Se Pigute 4 Butterfly Valve Lasse 20 percect of velocity head lapproeimate for constant diameter) £0 percent of enange in velocity head for redoing damstor Penstock Prctlon Losa, S60 Figure 6 und Engineering Monograph Rav, Wrieion Pastors for Lasgo Conde Powing PU” FLOW 4 the talowalt eapaoity cf «plan i proportional to the head ad ow, bul the Grerall mensions of tho Sabine, ane eherefoss the pomergle alettuse, are Sfuneton of only the fow. Thos basicaly the cost af e powerplant te soughy Proportional (othe amcor of water passed through te teruturo, "The power Plant and machinory neprecan 4 selativly ema pat ofthe tral ooot othe proiss, but i usually the major souroe of reverse, Se Highly desirable Etarefote fo provide for an istalltion designed to wiige alle potetel few Poselbo.” However t may be tecesouny for De ail intaliaton eo Snide Sly tao ums, ed in some cuscs, actions ofthe powarboucesauble inthe Smmediate aur. LANE 5 Plat Ratiog ‘A. Capsoity, an electric powespland auch au an hydroelectric powerplant is Fated ilomatta capacity, whsh isthe sum tal a the nameplate ralings Of tu gonbrators avaiable ‘or tho production of saleable power- in Fceoplat this capacity 1s only avaable wale the hea iz ato above "ited head, when the turbine Aus culicten power to operate the generators Efi load. “Tho capacity can be exprecood est Pte that toro wil be no serious overpressure St tp ia te panslack. "he clos. Ing time of the pressure regulatar may be set to mt local enadlosa, “Many pressure regulators are now constructed 90 that they May be operated elfey 93 Staten saving on water waning, ‘Pressure regulars shouldbe avolded unless thay canbe Justitedfoons an coporeting tandecint a for crampla, wien nasdSciees fot a spnchroncae by pss to matnatn constant flow in long cena, tumels, ot peetocks where {ine tow eannctsvadly be stopped op sinrted, when uray the end ota Jeng ponstock i required pk up of rejects load suaieny~“Typiod sxemetes fpresaare nulatorintallatons are shown in Piguses 18, 14, eau tS. ‘we, bart of typical proseuve reyslator ‘netallation ete tacassed below, A, The preseuse-reyuistor valve ts operated from a connsctlon onthe turbine ‘Pressure ste opersting ring or governor servometortnvoups an adjusasie aahpot, ‘naguater Ernchronous operation may be obtained by mosbanteal isk paces on ow ‘valves ‘lt dasapot, or by cans af «bypass valve to contol the oll capisceinent inthe auatgot, The main valve may te of either th uoodle oF poppe type swith es moveiuert controled throwh « small plot valve. ‘Tho weight of the valve and other moving parte, andthe unbalanced npérslie thus rt lnryely countertalanced by & hyéranlicaly cperatee piston. Tho rr tostanons ia, however, designed to withstand de sasimam force witch (can Bo ecard bythe eoxvometons inde te moet saver smergeney enaiten. eee m/eAbentbets ‘Chap. 1 Firantie Turbines Turbines apd Pumps REACTION TURBINES - Contimed ‘CONSTRUCTION - Continied 1, Where fn dlomage of the preseure regulator into the tailwaler would be Ensiniuy an enceyy abeosbod forming an integral pat of i ust ta goed, ‘Tho enstay sboosber nay bu elor of he through type (Pigure 1S), whore th yates yasaoe thea the sbaorber ator Impinsig ons ia taf, oF tf te eylidsical or bow type Wigeres Lf tnd 13), whisk uace some form Uf wate? anpingemnt or exznoning effect, ‘Tae low line era prune da Summ in the Sigunce wore severmins by laboratory tosta using renaparert ‘Eola, An at-rera pipe wth a meen ince auside of the paverniart ullaing should be proriged to arate the msin valve jt in ardor vo neice aviation in the enprgy absorber. The yen pe shauld be decined to ‘stir a volume of sir equa to tat ofthe waar diacharyed wilt a tleh op in peoamure st to et not to sxcead snavnaif atmogphers spLECTION SPEED .26 ‘The beste procedanse tobe weed inthe selection of reaction turbines 1s 25 i sue ‘The daign head ahall bo equal to the weightadavaraze head or as cloes to the ‘Weight avevago ss poroble snd sil stay wan tne 85 to 120 parcont of ‘selje ead Liniation dtesueed in ection 1.84 A, ‘The specie oped range for the selated desig head s shown on Figure 18, ‘Evil be found thar selection af «high speests speed fer a garen head wil onal ina sialies curing and generator with savings tn eaptal cot. How en, tho tarbine ml etre a doopsr oetin, tue cost cf Wek eny offset fhe shove savings, Alea, lower efticleney may be orpected (eco Figure 163) "The vane o¢ energy, the plant factor, tho iceroat sate, aod the period of Sniyein sles ono? ina he eolootion of cooasmie spood. ‘The deat speed fora unit under tho design head is given by ata’ Vr ‘this speod ie movie to meet the eynchronous speed of the system subject {othe following eontions: (o0e Figure 161, (1) A multiple of tour poles is preforred, bat some standard designs of gene ‘raion the attlier capacity are sealable in malipes of ro poles. (2) Coens next niger epood sf hoad varie lesa than 10 percont from design bead, Use nett lower epee if hous variation ‘2 groater than 10 perest, "Tho true epeific apoed of the runner operating atthe syachronsis apesd, asain REF esse 19 The runner sige negulsed to davelop te desired horsepower snder the design fad ip shown on Fogure 17, Tho avoral dimensions otal reaction turbines pe-e.8- 1172/71OQ ° ‘Turbines and Page Chap. 1 ydrautic Turbines REACTION TURBINES - Contimea SELECTION - Consimed cf the same specific opecd aro proportional to this Dg, or ranma discharge ‘Samoter, with tne exception f the semispiral case which is proportioned (the ouside dlamoter of tn ety vanes. 127 Spira cane Gixamatons givon in Figure 19 are alighty grostr than the average SPIRAL (he several samaiactrers aud wil be seldom ercenans by the miccessfil case Lidées. ‘Tisee ammensions in Figure Le are tased onthe following conditions: CXMSTONS & ‘The pacification restricts the average velocity to 22 parcen of the spouting ‘olcely atthe doeign head bt not Loss than 6 fp nor mane than $5 fpe at I gto ‘the penctock dlamterehall be equal to or greater than the turbine flat dances. ‘A trbiae wat an outside gate operating ring, auc as commanly found in the ‘nullor nits wil haves anger caoe ip pla ian shown in Mgure 18, due to fe larger tay ‘nd consequety the larger turbine pt reulred. ‘the courte semigpiral case dasign ie dogral with the powarheuse subetrustuze SEMI design, andthe avevell propoxtions are ectabliahed before the preparation oftar= SPIRAL. ‘ine apctficationa, The manafectarer usualy furlehes the baci culine from CASE ‘which the Nyarulisdealgaer develops te final reet-liwe drawings. DDE NSIONS [AL tha baaio outing can be apprortmatod from Figure 18. ‘The typical propor tone shown inthis igure ae ceveloped from the fellowing er eris (2) ‘The avenage volotty st the entrance tothe cane, just upstream of the {Bay sing coastaton cone, shouldbe appretimstly 1é percent of the ‘SputingYoloney st best etllenay head but nt lege tas 5 fps (2) ister paaeages shold appreach a equace te minimise foton, with fhe ntzanco height apprerinately one-third tts wid Al terior (connor should have Tange lela to minimize aasandry spiral odate, (9) The flow from the intake pacangon Se asaumod vo apron straight Tine. Placement ofthe alaj-ring bale wane at 40° from tho traneverse (cntoalino ina acwnstream quadrant wil, witha small ote! ofthe tar ‘ine cemor rom the entrance centerline, permit one-third ofthe stay "ng opening to ew fou one-third ofthe ontvenes wih. ‘Tse rematn= {ng two-thirds ct oporing will supply tho lage semlepiral section. ‘Say vanse placed s: angine Ines tman 45" to 5 taal soetion wou ‘naloste a shove of te Sate vane tomar the moet downstream pln of the stay sings Sadtal stay vanes woul Toms Sn a symmetsica cue ‘wth tall opine on set side of the eae Corerlin, tnd no tt= line center ost (4) ‘Tee lange semapine is designed for unitorm angular wetetty of ow round the opital anruming snformn flow ita the stay tag. Tae voleoty {2 taken aa the avorays volosty based onthe equation, V'= @/A where isthe nat ow norma to the section aud Ato tho not are ofthat pee8- Lazy(Ceep. 1 Hydrate Tussinee ‘Torbngs and Pane. THE REACTION TuRSHIES - continued SELECTION - contimiea sma. (8) A vortios plan colnlding withthe aide wal ofthe entrance passage SPIRAL iputranm from the lnsyo eemiapinel sation should colsise wih ihe ‘CASE ‘corresponting side wall of te drat tube fr stuctaral sconamy. DnAENSONS (Conia) (6) The intake is tad out asa single vestangular pasange without iter ‘dite pere, api having & 67 coolant of sammractian from Snake Sponing to caso suance.. ‘The change of area te sli 09 ho Gongs ‘faves fount in jot saauing from an orice, ‘The intel open ened ave e mam dap of water above i eqavalen to 3 tines the Felght of to opening ta avoid axtrainiy air an to ino unioem ent= (al alsriblicn of fic inthe entrance passages ofthe caae, (7) Ietormeaito plore, which may be necessary as bultceses or to reduce ‘gute or bulineed span, abs plctioned and Ekaped to ive intial Gntrance ane ext srona to fhe Beulah water passes, Whe icing ‘Sally vided ow (@) ‘The intermediate piers show stop short of contact with tha curb of he stay sing to avotd mrcensve cise fet the tune, Tala sige tart Woutdscesr when the shore pine of the wise gatee have filed or tne (gales otherwise become inoperative and it becomes necassexy to lower fn ead gates ane eka Ue in order to cop tho nie The aling eigen Should bo planed sutisieriy upstream to provide lnvexpacenge 420 Sd complete dreinage through one drain opto. 1B, Figure 18 shows a basic iayout of « semigpral eage tases onthe stated Ensavia ith Smencions Proportionsd to tha caside diameter of te ofa ing. This diametor may vary inte peoportion tothe runner Dy as ue tiated in curve 0 or Figure 18. ‘The daslgn ia based an a say we ote Alasaetar of 167 percent of Dye Walch whan combined wih the taste erat tube (eae Figure’ 0) produces the dimonaion of 1,118 eat 0” ofthe lange Semlgpial, "Any chanyo ofthese preparcauz will change the O” mension End, thnefore, the conseanes of the eqstion ate) = A= Kt vwhese 259 expreaoad in rustans, ‘A(R at 8=0° or 1,115 sn baste lyont, and we -Actoaeer) 2 At 6" = 190" inthe baste lagout 9 = 0.5, and = 2.81, giving K = 0.1185 “the pica Se madigad inthe visit of the baffle wae to form a tngnt to the suptace ofthe bale vane inthe say Zinn Dee.8 = 11/29/71re) ‘rusbinas and Dunipe 1 nydeaute Turbines Te REACTION TURBINES - coninsed SELECTION - Contimed 28 Raction.typo turbines operating with all watorpassayos completely led may SETTING have th runner operating unser ary proscure down toa pressure wisro.cavia- OF ‘Non dumaye or vibration cccure. "A prtect runner operating under ideal head’ ‘TURBINES {nd Ind onal ta dparstee stony neasy a partct vacua” Practically, Allowance mist be ase for uneven ditrbation low present User Yael head sn oad, eu esting Sevoguanitin. led on etrctural requirements, provide that thie Fete In Steg low ‘cough tt the eatinica slows ola Gre head, or sulion pressure on the Sischanye cio ofthe runner, Wil not be sxooeded,” Draft ads in excess af tis maximum permiscino may profico cevtation whioh wil eause a reduction Gf efleency and will reat In geadsel dsotrction of te mal in the runner, tins requsiny a uch earllor repair cr foplacemes. When sunt fe set cuba ‘Sarkis amount below the elevation estabilahed by the caviatlon fctore (ska) ‘ot Figo 20) ft fs usualy posfble to reduce the payetea sts ofboth tho ganer~ Stor and turino by an incveaco inthe aposd. Tile vesuction im atzachoala nt be carried beyond the poirt here 80 font por escood avarago veleiy is promced ‘rough ve Dy ofthe runner a Gocig hoa a al Gate, Given the centertne of distributor distance abova fallwatsr, the cavitation factor ‘ (sigma) cen be calclatel, andthe allowable specie epeba determine’, Fors {int vase, ant the desig Res end horscpowes, the allowable spend is then cale olan, and tne nay discharge Gametar Dy obama ‘nen the telwater sioss above the bli of the rusnee, and ik fs desined to use {he unlt aaa sjuchvoneis condaboer diay of-potk period, {i wil be acensary {provide 2 weter lvel doprosoor amily to that fgetrated on Figure 2. Th Condon is apt to oecur ins multiunt plane alschanyng ino a cand) or river, ‘ehen one sn te condensing and te souiaindor ane operstiny at fi lad ad in the higher speed turbines such asthe propeller or the highehesd Freneis (ype. 30 ‘Tue draft tbe proportions shown on Figure 22 ato ultablo for preliminasy plant DRART Injeut. However, generous tilewance mist be made in toe elbow esction for was~ TUE {ation between sintusturere, ‘The several cru thes shown ate given ae fo" PROPORTIONS poreional to the tine Fanner ciecarge diameren. A tlnne vasation near lamar by tae manufacturer wil have very lise effect on pesiormance I the ‘Persil cate abave the elbow tuatan So sisted to aut, iowever, the sl glo of fle should net xed 18° |A. Won tho setting of to turbine with respect to minum talvatar has been pba sablishe, the att be oopin must be adjusted ir nocessary tarough cee Increasing th Jongh of the vercoal aoction, to provide at lect 2 foot of ‘over over the dlechargo apaninge when me unt a cperating at fll gata Sper nim head, dst Least ons-half of the valocty head at the plor ‘ve OF Low pote foot laos 29 fest) with idmats tester st flow. ‘sen te dope exces those nimi ths horse dase portion ay CO sloped upward as shown but not sharper thin @ slope af 10% ! 15, Te novisoutat tare ehould extend atleast 3.00 mes the miner diameter Laugr ot 1, tram the centerline of tho nt and can atend to 2 point whore the eating Howtgocal ‘Testy is foe withow serious le of seciorey. Opennge inte sre for Tate ‘ulkzoud gates stoald bo clased ty flex plates to prover venting. Venting, pees 1/272(chmp. 1 Hydrewio Turbines Turbines and Pumps Tr REACTION TURBINES - Contimad C SELECTION - Contimod vill stop th velocity houd reconery action ofthe entine are back te the lor noeo, and may cauas oxcecsiveacour ofthe tallrace ZRYOMODOR. St The cgay ogre ne pe da nd ae See eee ee ee eee eae ee ee eee eee ee ae SS eta cece ee et ae ey seeks cng yr cee ae mee OLED ae ane Serre ne ae eee eat, cone re eer Ceara pertain pe fie Sad Gem i eats vest ert ac nue “ae gee poe Ep ear ns +19 B52 ana y= 0,0," Hy, where = servomotor capacity In foot-pounds, 1, = dlesharge diameter of runner in fet, Fy, ~ uxonum besa Sncading walas harmmer in Sect for normal sets of ‘slosure of galaa aa restricted for presoare rae, end 1g = specie peed of unt For propellorapo urits having adjustable blades, the tclal sxvametar capacity seul be from 200 250 percent of tat given by those formulas, while for tary ugh spate spans the governor capsolty as given by thove formule may hae c tobe increased soma. Figure 25 shows tho dta on which these formas fe tased. Figure 24 provides 8 means of eotimating the weit of governor GOVERNOR .52 Saninrd poxtormance tz based upon a governor capable of operating the tabla "TIMING" gatos threugh a complstecloeing cr opening atrcke in to S seconde 38 minenitn Allowablo oll proccure. ‘eparience ha indicated that theee rate give eaters fay spend raplaton of hydeanlis turbines when operating tn pasaifel wih shes types of prima movers, The actual setting ofa governor may limit the otal ine ‘fclosing up tothe baynning of cushioning to 10.or 18 sevonda in ardor to reaice the pressure noe In the penstocl, Whore the effective oparating hoad ia es freainr han the rate Fendt governor movnione shotld be neaed 9 nal {he time ested to reject the mated capacity ofthe ganerater fo the ene a8 the thin required to complete aul piston travel i to the baginnng of cushy Uuidar the sated head An cxcusetve are of clomure causing Soortomly Ng Vulor-hammer beads will stall «normal governor tna a some exon? ehtomet- tally init the poeenure 190 hat can ba cevsloped. "Fas governors aro asee on Tw-tsad inetalitions witn show panatacks, unite slower governors are best ‘uted fr high-end installations where the rate of apenng of te faxbinegaten, 5.6.8 = 11/22/11‘nurtines and Pompe (Chap. 1 syerautic Turince Ta [REACTION TURBINES - Contimed as United by tho rate of acceleration of water inthe pmnstock, becomes the GOVERNOR entrolling factor.” Where the pnstock desi Wl permit, he goversor tine TENG ‘hold be tat co aL ligt the tastmm speed Lo 288 percent af moral space (Coat) ‘pon toe of Bil goneretoe load and inno ches greater fan 160 perce of moral Speed, Pranels furtinas suchas the at Grant Caalce may develop exonaaive ‘tbration at Les peneent of norm speed end propeller tureioes (aa at Nimbas) 1 200 poses, REGULATION 93 Tue umerent saglation or stabiuy of «unit when opaseting im panalel wit GENERAL tiene in a ayetem te dependant up aang fstoroy the more important of which fre the juncel eect of te aly the hydraulic deeign of th wator pastaqos, fia the apead and capacity ofthe unt. Inthe selection of unit, the gonerston WR! shoul bo uttiolent to propesly ‘bllanse the machinn acceleration tno wilh tho valorway acceleration tno ‘ional WE bul into tie generator for the purpose of lniting Speod Nise Should be avoided where poseibie by using Tasker governor Ul: 34 Power swings axe evidenced ty falely regan fluctuation of the switchboard unt DRAFT. swatmeloro, appacenty sedicaing a pectode transfer of Toad between wachiass “TUBE ‘us not affecting te system as whole. These swings ete In top wit the drat SURGES {sha surges and havea unsenoy seproximataiy aqial fo onohir othe eek ‘Hons per mine of the unt They nay bua wp toan amplltade that wil cause the rain breaker t open and ake the ur off the line. A general siseursion of {hece sings Se Sound inthe Apel 1040 Sanus of the ASME Transactions in 3 aisle ty W. I. Retgans. Wen the panstock is nydranicaly tn resonance with the drat tube ewe, Power ewinga may build up royardlens of genertor or other system Stmpening Gharecteretos.. Surges ously scour belwoon 36 and BO percont gute an hte frequency in oycos por minute wil vary fom! rote ee eat ey th pnt ni im gn eu ond 1 eg i ee ko) f= velocity of presaute wave - se the Watea-tammer Chart, Figure 1 of ‘Chaser s.6-8 - 11/29/71‘coap. 1 Kyrantle Turtines ‘purbines and Pump Ta DRarr TUBE suRaEs (coma) REFEcT 26 OF WRT SPEED 96 RSE SYDRAULIC 96 THRUST REACTION TURBINES - Continued "REGULATION - Conte ‘The masritieation faster of resonance may become encoseivs (rer 2.8) ithe aig af frequencies falls within ta limite Fa o.t6t0 Fx 0-750 1.25 "Tae Lem ofthe ponstoie should be adjust to avoid te eitioal vane roreot sosponse to changos in Icad domand is asesiod bythe WR" ofthe gone Ersoy dary the tine requis to change the vate of flow tnrownh the panto. ‘sien dropping of oad Srom a unit threugh apaning ofthe main breaks wll cause a ua tchieve considerable speed vise before the governor can closo the questa the spsedenoviead positon. The tise required to atain @givon ‘reneged lea fnation of Ske ywhee ofoct and perstock ojatom. ARVaTO~ ‘Steele unit i deelgnsd to witnteundseronree ue t9 ramnray spac, bo some tise have developed suitors vibration at higher spocds fo cause progressive {ilove ofthe retitog lina ofthe wicket gate leskage. Aocondingiy, the speed se dus to load rejection undor govoragr contre haa ten laa to 08 percent ive syacteanous speoa: ie Shu of Pigive 28 provges « conrentene maths ‘feaicuaning tia speed ise ‘rie sunaay sposd is that spond attained by a un Alnconnectd from the ine with te weit gates wise open. All pests ot neth Se Crbice and gonerator ‘ust be designed to etelywitnsrand th foauces eteseece, The ramay speed {2s hmction ofthe tre spond af the manner, which lo the alo betwoon te penih- tral speed ofthe runner atx entrance andthe spouting velonty ofthe Water [Runaway apeeds of te modem unit re seldom measured daring feta testa end ‘ust thenelove be wetimaved from me test neaulte as thown on Figure 27 "Th miriam of here ramvay speeds sks boot efiiency head shonld bo ‘orreotod for the masemm head to abla the design runaway spood of to pron osed unt, "Tho runaway specd tna givon machin varie wie tho square root Efthe head, wick requzas tuo avorspeed ewitch for atutdown f9 be Se below he peed for minim howd. ‘Adjusablo-blade propellsr-typa turbines wil attain a maximum speed of 273 ‘patoet of normal win wisees gate wide open and Tanner blades aaoad to €° $Evsds angle wien uninr design head, However, fe ould tae governor oil roses to force the sumer blades clones, and the wicket glee re ialaced Et shout 0 peroact gate, so tse maxims can only be otatned through mana) ‘contol by tho operator Compose aoe of Joteror conve would Feet in “Sppeoelnatly 178 percent of normal speed ‘The Hydrate thrust produced by aturbino nar isthe rosultant ofthe severat prescires and neulione proucea by te water flowing through the rurmer. The ‘Weighs ofthe rotating paste af Ure taro and generates) apa the hyaaulie tuck Taihu th load on te ust baarog.‘Nereally, the hydrelle thrust increases With dow tcouge the machine ot he Stual vasiadan is epenone spon the Oseeet Useiga and tne ner soal dsege. a Ineaion. pene-8- 11/227‘Tusbinge and Poms Chap. 1 Hydraulic Turbinas REACTION TURBINES - Contmed REGULATION - conte ‘Tae soverl fovea whieh mae up the ydrmliethmietfnlude the headcover prsesure, te auetian ef te draft tbe, the jet reaction ofthe water leaving the Punper, and ae dferoniat load inaioed by the soa chambers ‘Tho curve of Figure 28 has been plotted upon the predict wa of thrust ax ‘ippliod bythe sueeeaculbiedars among trbine mamitacnera. ‘TURBINE INSTALLATION 89 The uctine is erected andor the supewtsion ofthe mansictaner'sopectin fenginoer, The erection drawings prepared ta the Darean locls the various [ick arate rode usod 2 had Me caaembly in laze Giving concreting and line the generat procedsne to be fllomad 40 Brocton of the embedded parts provost from the drt tbe Liner up through the turbine plt liner with alt previously erect parts being eareily realined ftcacn step by Uso a tha jacks and hoiddown tre. ”‘TheSunetion balysen the Strat tubo nr an foundation ving asa an 4 elip joint dry exetion ad 3 lly secured ty boli or rivets tough fisted ox roared halos. 6 ‘wolding is pormites al thie ele joint as he Torta tema ensansion eed ontractlon wil pall th parte ou of line evon when erabaddes ta conte. The Space beewoun tt edge of he drat Ut Liner and toe shoslder te fourdeion ing, Just below the dlesbarge ofthe rarnar, 4 filed Wy les ving casstuliy ‘ed aes hald in place oy welding to ether the nee foundation fing tut nok tobeth AL Tae staal spinal cane Se deaquod fr the maxim prassure resulting from any commination of ani head plus Water hammer under governor contzal a the Semin rate of ge one, “th cao i ete or seep ad wateright- nes at 180 percent offs decign prosouro in te Bhop Le possible, or ee {rection inthe fea. hop totod, to ceaing fe votes atar field anoombly {or watertighnace ab 100 porcor of the design presse prior to bedmo! In fhe eonorste ‘ths case is ombadies in canarate whi iad with water ata peesmure equa- lent to that presont hon to tivtine la operating site deesgn o best eliioncy hata, ‘The procedure wil culos the goel case to resi bureting preswure be Tow the design hond and he surrounding concrete t roel the ineveraat of preseure prosont above tat bead, Ss matomiliy tedooing the arson orn ‘ring tsel roquized.. In sceardarae wih the ASME: Untired Pragaare Vassel (Code, te waver withis th casing ta maleated st ner less tan BO" P auring Si plecsure fasts and while placing ani cating the comsrote, Sufccent cine Jeling water shall be eupplled to mala the temperarre ofthe eaatny to hin 5° F'auring the conrete curing period usually apeciied ts 7 days. 4 All imeriorforsous eustacen exopt the spiral casing ia contact with water are eatod with espacial Type IV sod load excensHnlled surfaces which are coed ‘vith a rusting cempound Before shipment, terior susacss are giton ne cost of priming faite excep. suiaces embodied in conezto, which are lot ‘pained. inovior of the opiral caning i ghen theea brush ees of CA Socoal tar paint after the completion ofall ierloe work. Bot epiieaion coe pees = u2y/Tt yoRawie “raeusT (cone) oEnERAL, ERECTIONchap. 1 Rydraute Turtines ‘Turbines and Pape Ta REACTION TURBINES - Conte ‘TURSINE INSTALLATION - Gucinued tax prodions& very rouph finish which wll ezease th friction, and theretore SSoorense the plan esioney guctenly to be naticable in tho et earns RADI. 49 Antaydeaulic tushinaao.a never producer should ba availble at sl mas for ‘PENANCE’ power production. ‘Tuo cvorayo af percent outage can aly be maintained by XGysisuatie preventive mnesnance sehodale nipily followed. Day Snape {han ef all eccesotuo part, wale should include audio as well up visual Inepec- tl, fa highly desivable. Por ne nonson, it ie proforae teat Roweiy vaste ft gages be miedo, aud that daly greasing raqcire the presence of the machinist Inthe tarbing pt. Whion aunts bong started an operator or machieist shoud be in tho none oily of the itso nove an umsnaal sive or performance whch ‘ay IndioatsIneplor trouble ‘he gore importa ae reed of he mnrace crew to rec geo a Paes |A. Rarity ol in governor atleast onse a year, At that time clean sump and fash jeter. Nave ol tested for acid and weler count. Ocdation of 0 ‘wit cauge slaige and change af PH. Dual cloge parts of plot vale 'B, Baaring ols should be puritiedcnco a year. Flush systom and check ol for eval Greese gates dally. Uso grouse tat flows freely and will adhere even under ‘runing water, A ruinimaum of filler should be used to permit cree movement e Gterence tall surraces. 1. Brig devon and sacs shal be hese tte mohy to ase ‘eadineaa to operate, 1B, inpact runnor end gates aster 9 and 8 month of operation ond thozoatr ce sash year. Weld citation an vepalr pain. Racord all racks and ‘eilation do proqrees canbe crooked ‘ABULSE TURBINES CconstRucTION SENERAL 44 ‘The basic hydrelic and mechanical deaiga of ve tmpule type of turbine te the ‘esponsbily of the manufacturer. Spesficalions ape primer por‘ormance ‘Spevifoatons which ollie the ydraite and oporating conticay and state the ‘equred power ouput an ty of wit dactred. The anced lo apociied ta pormtt ‘samiy inttance ofthe goneratar epeifcekians aud to assure competitive bica an fchines of tke charasteriaiee, Materials and design datela ar epociied Only to We enter of eliminating features not required or found unoteable in fsioue inctlistions and of irny bide cn machines of stellar Guay WHREE, 45 The ipaloe wheel or sunner ts usually 8 gold doko fob upon which are ‘eae tpkete that ave desig to spi oe jet nd cause toa gh ‘asnip 170" wile sliding over tha ner eurlace ag te bua tavels aay from {he nacle, “The reaction ie tothe change of duration dolivers par tote zi pe-e.8 - 11/2/715 ‘rurbingg and Burns hep. 1 Hydrate Turbines :MPULEE SURRINES - Contmed CONSTRUCTION - Corsmed ‘Pheel. ‘The tackots may be east integral withthe hab or separately mounted by | WHEEL ‘ed bolts of dovela, Toe buskela must we strony supporte, cerafly sped, (Com) fe ighly planed to avoid rapid detrustin trough aloo, eaviation, and {eur ‘he hub ar whoo! dice Io usually of forgo stot, wile th tacts ae ‘teas etes or brauee.ainens staal Wace ave dificult o machine and polish and ars only used undor the most govere comitions, Vevtcal-cbat units ave ono runner suapentod below tho generate, walle herizoeal unis may Dave ‘Shes one to rmere on on o> afer en ofthe generates af +48 Tho horizontal shat unit, shown on Figure 29, is uevally provided with one nozl ‘or wheely Bete socom hogale any be provided which would be located argwore Brom 4S" fod trom the fists Toe twos nogela design i= slgriy less elare (ie to the branch and tend leases ofthe supply pipe to to second now, nowzuEs ‘Te vertical srt, shown in Figure 0, my have from ba to six neenies equally {Zpaced stom the sinner. “hese ola are operated in synchronism ty fhe (governor whic, tx normal cporation, peoduces baanoss lous onthe sha. ‘The eiceney of te ness in commenting pressure head to velocity head ein ‘odin toll et at isiant of conial with te bucket ts th impoveatt contel= [ition to ovoraleficlany. Tha nooéle-type naazle produces & et whi variee ‘m diemoter wth flow tut has virbslly constant velocity at constant head over the ‘ali range of fl withs sattcho! of veloety of 0.75, 47 ‘Tho vertical ust normally as talaread reactions bat the abet must bo somewhat SHART ‘oovior than fora vortcel Hrancis unt to withstand the umbalanced vction shen AND ‘he oF moro jote are cut off, Th guide bearinga shoulé bo designed to support BEARINGS {hs eddtcnal lead,” Th thrust bearing ofthe vestical unit need be designed for {ho Welgt ofthe solatng parts ony, as dora iano lydralio rust in propery ‘comenot wheel. ‘Tho shat f tho horiznta ant mast withstand nct only the Jet eactions bat the [Folgt of tho whocl. On largo units tho wheel and shat aro separately supported, Turon the smal its te wel te mount on the generator a And oven 4 The wheal pit ant tattrace conduct the water away Srom the wheet and may die WHEEL change is any clrctton, tub usualy fete alsction of ja ow. The lowece part PAT {the wheel thoulaauvaye be high enough above tliat to avoid feling the Shel wih ella water. Snot practeal to provide any Spe of drat fide to $oduze the pregee inthe hou and thersfove Increase the et velocey. Seb= Torjanse af heel due to high lallater during oad shed be avid, situ ono compar’ hea doaigna wish would permnt opsation ui these Ganditlos. "This wrranjement Ie Grensive and ie thera seldom justified ‘the portion of the housing above the jt shld be kept to a mtnimam width to edute wintage locbos ba sufistet Us fro0 the bucsta af wator. The wheel BE balow tho Jet should bo uly ventod to avotd tack surges nom the tallnace fiers conitions of xinetos. 40 Toe impulee turbine utp ix varie by either adjusting the flow through the GOVERNOR stale, of defeating a portion af te ft before it hte the tucker ae tke ese.8 = 1/2271,Chap, 1 Hydrelis Turbines Twsbines and Pune ATUL TURBINES - Continsed (CONSTRUCTION - ortimins GOVERNOR of unt i usually supplio by ony penstoske with excessive Water Narmer. (Conta.) caPacrTY unser, oF WEBEL ENOZzLES ser. TeAMETER’ rnc DIAMETER’ api redustion of lad is mat by clthor dotactng the Sot oo by a syachroneas ‘pass, while stow enanges in Load level or vaable dow ave mt by slow moves mont of the noztie needa. "Those movemoite ate conselieg by tne seme ee of \foremor as those used for reaction urtines, which are eeponsire to chase of Spece. ‘The prasont day turbine usoe te et datlostor alist exctusively duo tothe dit euly of absorbing the enenyy trom the Hrpase jt witout dectmtion of tha til ute.’ Special provision musta muse to revolve the defected jot and disperse 4s energy through spins aud bate, eetsoron Cc 80 An tmpatee turbine is uoually eocooited witha high-hond installation of vor 1,000 feet, taving very te ead variation. ‘The water ‘a meaty always supied ftzough a any log, highevelosty panstoc, which even when provided with aoge fans, resulta in extremely high walor-harinor pressures,” Haojet plan) Studios and eld survaye aueaisah the aoonotngs Row to bo wilfsed ard the fvailable gross head, while the penstock sae i acaba bythe scenario betireen the povor leat sn fiction ane the cost of tha cant” The umber of Ute, type af unt, mmber of wheels pe unt, and ttber of noeees per wheel ‘nust be detormintd ty detailed comparative Soe slimates which should Weta e Ue cost of th entire plant in each eas, 51 Koreonta) waite with two aosales poe whee oto whesls por uit operste st greater spout than a singlenoazie, elnge-whoal unt aed thereoce Pedace the ost of the generator, Yortcal ute ith multiple noses tesul in asmalior ‘hd Meretore & higher pees. his (a patally elec Gy the loss in fc= on dic to tne ends inthe water paacbyes ta othe moro expmnaive noasie arrangement, resting ina pearly constant cost par dlowet OR transporte fon dtiultioa and space evalnlo detain tof lange eraat she mabe and {ype of uns to be intaied dus tothe remote location usually enccuntaree, c 52 "The pase proportions are dependent upon the horgepewer, and therefore the aw fer none’ or jot, asauming an overall cuvoine ebictemy of 88 genoents he Jak Giameter, 6 Is determined by th flow, Gj, at spouting vlocty, assuming ® 91.8 portent sate efScieney- FETT 5g" ar av ‘Tho mcimam size jt of record is 1M iste ia dlamaten, a 88 The pitch diameter ofthe wheel or runnor, D, te proportional to the jet dame, dy 23 Mustrated in Fujure 1, which shows the ratio sataats Neate fo the pothoud, 1 users the averse do cien by Diy =0.958a pees = nyayrt‘purhines nd Pune coup. 1 Hpazaulte Turing a Oo ‘BAPULSE TURBINES - Contimed [SELECTION - Contimed 5 The wheel shold havea poriphoral speed, U, aightty lage than anata the SPEED spouting velocity ofthe fet, Vj. The resulting ratio B= vari from 0.43 st 4,000 fect of head to 0.47 at the higher head of §, 500 feet, as shown on Figure 32. vy Via % way, tex «28 = "tho tial oposd nt mau be aujucod to te oynchroncus speed oa geaarator by oO ‘hanging the whee) diameter bul keeping tho soloted @ velo conan “The true epenine speod, ng, of the turbine operating af the ‘speed, ny a gon by ‘wa vary om 1 to 16 ue indicated in Paragraph 1.7, For mu-roasie ‘upbnes the epeciic sped per jet may be doterminsa from “ie ee ‘An approximation of ny may be obtained from the cusve of specie speed per Jet venous nen, showtlon Figure 3. 6 Rovzat Un nomzowraL ons Oo 1A. et contre tng tothe ich aes, Do ewe, andthe Wael sbcits are seared on hs ptan Gna he bis liga Woke, 1S proportion to th ll open Jet ameter, & Buceat wits by = 8.768 ‘Bucket ength 1 = 2.784 Outside ameter of whael = Dy Ler D+ 3.788 ‘The using above the lower Jo ep 1 & minkmim to radios windage ‘aes, bat tne wheel pit should be Inte ebough fo mauty free Goctatge fom the bake say mit wiatnb, = “BEA below 22,000 * C 8 SER stove 2,000 DB.68 = 11/22/71chap. 1 Kydroule Turbine ‘norbines and Pune EPULE® TURBINES - Contmued SELECTION - Contmied Wee where Gy * discharge per wheel and 3 = not head (cont 4. 1e10 slope ofthe hoe pi lor twat te talloace ig dasirable to expe= ius tho ow, and ample vereing Se neccnnany to avid patil Psu ‘ont area =2xby ozsle _B, “The ower horizontal tangeot to the pitch dlameter ofa horizontal unit mast ‘be well sve masimam Speraingtallwater to aia felon ‘uonimum Nett above maenaum tatwater = & fet ‘Minimum helt above normal tailwater = 8 fet. O° VERTICAL .55 Yortical Unt, ‘Wheel A, "Tho bucket dimensions arg the same ac forthe horizontal unite ata «9.468 ang = 2.764 (utatde ameter of wheel = D+ 2.784 Qo ‘Tao pit dlamotar shouldbe at east 2. §D to insave excape af the water, ‘Tae (silsae ie unsaliy tho same B 8b width wit en exit velociyy GE? 104 fps ‘mininim Watar lovel. The pi should be vend tnrcagh an opening whore ‘a fa twice the pit wich Nocles __B_ There are usually two to six nosalee per wheel ayptied from a spral-staped ‘manifolé and wich noses operated in uninon ly oat goveraoe. “The mantel Should have a valueiy of om 19 pe for lower heads vo 90 foe tot the tages ¢ en (tha shan should have a aicmeter shoet 10 percent greater than tat nated ‘Br ectenttn un oe an bese 22am‘Susbines and Pumps Chap. 1 Hpdrautle Turbines "CURBING PERFORMANCE CURVES - MAXIMUM EBAD RANGE Pog. Par La i 1 eee = 11/23/71Chap 1. Hydrate Turhines ‘Turbine un Pumps Fig. 2 Par.1.3 ‘HEAD LOSS THROUGH 'TRASHRACKS: 0 . , C A 3 8 e i 2 C . . seo Pade) SERS vreau — “THROUGH TRASH RACKS re eee = 11/29/71© ‘urbinos and Pumps Chen. 1 Hrdrouiie Turbine 1089 OF HEAD DUE-TO OBSTRUCTION IN czoRED CONDUTTS i. 9 Per 1.9 Toner Cara ORIFICE 45 ely ane Vena Contact £2 HRM CPL Bal heal entre soo epee SPASEENY ESS? < So tel # a eI °° itil Se) fs g° Serta 3 Loss OF HEAD DUE TO OBSTRUCTIONS IN CLOSED CONDUITS sons sssts 106-0-287 ns-68- 119/71‘Tacbines snd Dumps ap. 1 Hydemlto Turbines i : em29-0-6% lee} 4994 u)§ aaioi44309 $807 s c 884-4441 § amsiotsaz09 ¢807Chep. 1 Brdvaulie Turbines WATER LEVELS AND OPERATING HEADS ‘purbines and Pumps Pig. Sar. 1.85 mom emer | eee AS __| Tots ote soe, pe6.8- 11/29/71Chap. 1 Hydrate Tusbines ‘rurbinge and Fumes Fig. 6 Pas. 18 FRICTION LOSS IN WELDED STEEL PENSTCOK FRICTION LOSS-FEET FER 1000 FT Scobey Formula 6 yeor old pipe Hyro.3e-Oy FRICTION Loss WELDED STEEL PENSTOCK 106-0-276 ps.6.8- uaa COo ‘Terbinos and Pune (Chap. 1 Hyarastle Torbinas ‘APPLICATION DIAGRAM FOR TYPES OF HYDRAULIC TUREIIES ig, 7 Pans 2.7 gy 8.008 «11/23/72chap. 1 Hydric Turbines ‘Turbos and Pumps Pay 8 Pan Lae FRANCIS TURBINE WEIGHT Terre rrp B 88 8 soc200 700000 = a PE = g 300,000] 200,000 1 mana eaTa eel rr MAXIMUM RUNIVER DIAMETER, Dmp- FEET FRANCIS TURBINE WEIGHT pee. 11/27‘Turbines and Pampe (Chan. 1 Hydrate Turbines ‘TURBINE DRAFT TUBES, DOUBLE-PIER- TYPICAL PROFORTIONS Fig. 9 Pur. Lt sia “Save eamnacner nenPor a cag wis msuwu a) SEEMONG ALONE EOF TURE pet gadgets ied pees ian‘Turbines ant Pump (Chan, 1 pdvaulle Turing Fig tomes ‘TURBINE DRAFT TUBES, SINGEE-PIER - TYPICAL, PROPORTIONS Sonaoeeseoe hed i ig z ppp oesaean ann Seanieneauone car vee Seca Lh (ecto md TURBINE ORAFT TUBES - ONE FIERTurbines a ‘chap. 1 Kydeetic Turbines C [WEIGHT OF TUREINE RUNNERS ig 1 Pa 117 emer i tantant a.e.8 = 11/20/71,(Chap, 1 prauite Turbines ‘surbines and Pump Fy. Pan Lis ‘SHAFT DIAMETER - VERTICAL. URITS C tne fg pts oO °O pees 1123/74‘nustines and Pumps Chap. 1 Hpdvautlc Turbines °C o [PRESSURE REGULATOR WITH NEZDLE-TYEE VALVE AND TEROUGH TBAFELE-TYP® ENERGY ABSORBER WITH DISCHARGE ELBOW Fig. 19 Pa 1.28 pe.8.8 11/22/11‘Tush ant Pass Chap. 1 Hdrautic Turbines [PRESSURE REGULATOR WITH NEEDLE-TYPE YVALVE AND BOWL ENERGY ABOORSER ig. 14 Pan 28 © De-0-8 21/24/71Qa ‘rythmes end Pumps (Chap. 1 Haute Turbines [PRESSURE REGULATOR WITH POPFET-TYPE VALVE ig. 18 Par 1.25 AND CYLINDRICAL ENERGY ABSORGER "AND OYLINORICAL ENEREY ABSORBER(Geap. 1 Hodrautio Turbines “turtines and Pumps 3.18 Par. 1.20 ‘TURBINE CHARACTERETICS - SPEED soe eat e pees 113o Tbinas (chap. 1 Raa usbinee and Poze os¢-a-901 av3H NoISaa Iv S3AYND AONINST OILSIYFLOVYVHD SNIGHNL OMAVYGAH WBMOd3SUOH O31VH 40 INZDURd sats soa, Joa an peng“ —————————e 0 == Tapco sy aaafoy 34 ADNBIOUSE ANBOMlossovans © pees yan‘Turbines aod Pumps Chaps 1 Hydranile Turbines SPIRAL CASE PROPORTIONS Hig. 18 Ban 1.27 Doete8 = 23/29/71Chap. 1 Hydratio Turbines ‘Torbings ond Fume Fig. 19 Pan, 1.28 SEMIBPIRAL CASE PROPORTIONS be6.8- 29/72Oo ‘Torbines snd Parse chap. 1 wydvetic Tunbines RECOMMENDED OTAL ORAPT HEAD - FRANCIS AND KAPLAN TURBINES ig. 20 Par. 2.28 pees 10/2urntchap. 1 Hpdrautte Turbines ‘Torbins end Pune 0 Pie 21 Pu 1.22 DRAFT TUBE WATER LEVEL DEPRESSOR ~ REACTION TURBINES a ioe Soe steno mee Bll ez Met aiecnr Cc onartaOoe Miten LEVEE semesson ¢ pe.e8 11/22/71° Turbines and Pumps Shape 1 Fpdautte Turbine DRAFT TUBE - PRELIMINARY BASIC OUTLINES ig. 22 Pas, 1.20 pega -a/2a/7i(Chap. 1 Mydretio Tusbines ye 25 Far 23 ‘Turbines end Pumge ‘TURBINE SERVOMOTOR CAPACITY ni eee _— pee s.6.8- 11/20/71‘Turbines soa Bumps (chap. 1 Hydraatic Turbines ‘wEtanms oF covernons Pig 24 Pa 1.24 SERVOMQTOR CAPACITY. ~Ft-Lba "200 "q00 “70,000 ESTIMATED WEIGHT OF GOVERNOR Aa k 1-6-9 pen B Rediaiag Fa-92 SOR pe-0.8 - 11/aayntBg. 25 (han. 1 Hydrate Turbines pees 1am (onassicneD) -Turkines and Pumps °°o Turbines and Page hao. 1 Mrdraunle Turbines [REACTION TURSINES - SPEED RISE ig. 28 Pan 1.96, nee panChan. 1 Hydrautio Tur ‘Turbines end Bunge ig. 27 Per, ay HYDRAULIC TORBINE | RUNAWAY SPEED mea ee nH Pe ier iP fsa C5 [ret “ar feared st Tromautte, TURBINE RUNAWAY SPEED ExeERIENGE CONE een pe8- uz‘urbines and Dome ‘chap. 1 Bydrantte Turbines ‘TURBINE HYDRAULIC THRUST Fig. 98 Pa, 1.98 Two ean peas ayntap. 2 myarauic Turoings iq. 28 Tas, 1.48 HORIZGNTAL-SHAP' IMPULSE TURBINE ‘rusbunes and Fume pees - yaar O°oO ‘rorbings and Bums ‘VERTICAL-SUAPT DMPULSE TURBINE chap. 1_ Hydrate Turbines ig. 80 Par, 1.48 4 + det Diameter 1 see Pits boner PirDimeters 25.1% IMPULSE TURBINE - VERTICAL SHAFT or omer pse8- parrChen. 1 Hydreutic Tusbines ‘turbines end Punpe Fig, S1 Par, 1258 pees 11am [IMPULSE TURBINES - PITCH DIAMETER PITCH DIAMETER IMPULSE TURBIN' ULSE TURBINES los-o-278 oe‘ruins and Bunge (Chap. 1 syérantic Turbinse CO [DIPULSE TURBINES - RONNER SPEED ig, 92 Pens 108-0-279 ewe. 11/29/71chap. 1 nydraute Turbines spares ent Pumps ig. 88 Par. 54 [MPULSE TURBINES - SPECIFIC SPEED PER ET Bakes los-p-280 pees 11/22/11ee RREEER SERREEEEEE i ‘Saas SBSSE spojse [UNITED STATE DEPARTMENT OP HE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION ‘TORBIVES AND FUMES CChaphar 2 Hydraulic Appurionsnces ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘PEMISTOCS AND CONDUNTS General Constderations Ersceino Surges Efbeet of Turbine ‘Gomiese and Halters ‘Acteleation of Flow Aecepiaie Voloeiies Sings Tames Eide [tare Gatos ang valves Stroctaral nd Machen) Desien ‘PENSTOCK AND CONDUIT EWFRANGES gee tn mpage Sees. ie eas ee Seles eeener oe one TAILRACE Spuluay Protection Ellmece WateFiewe Ee 12 1B u 16 18 c spss ‘TURBINES AND PIES Chapter 2 Hydraulic Appurtensnces us? oF FicuRES Tine Woter-temmer Chart ‘Happens Fite huyneas for tel Pe on iechage_—Protee ad Areas of ree et from Ouarproige Cirealar Oriice sgaicredad elseif free el? cite Bree et -Shep arated ‘Clbouar Critics Comparten Peng hater~Apren snd ror Ponstones and Pipes, Hydraulis Detas: ‘Bie, Eatine Phe ad Tia BERG: iate-“vpiealHigh-tond ew Francie Tusbines ‘Penaisoe-itats Transitons-~Typical High ‘oe instaietion ‘aputct tse Fenaeeg-typoal Gta slot ao Teashrest Gul TraseltSy Pinas Stevations end wahasts Say tn alts ‘Pension ipa wth 'Tves Paacapes ‘Typical Modiu-head instanatian ‘Panatoce Inte wits Obtgus Aporeach= Shannel-- Typical Lov-hoed Iagalaton, selec tae a Hens Passage “Typical Low-head Inbtalation, allow ‘peubtoaitake Typical Moun shand “nstalletion, Vortnl-atat nike enetckeintanes-Reovontrat ‘Telinsos Water Lavel Contre ae 219 20 212 aaa aaa aaa ats ie 2a8 aan are a8 a8 aaa aie 28 218 ie 28 eas amber 105-0-29 iD 108-Das 108--1a6 106-D-1a5 108-Da4? tog, C a 108-D-182 a1a--8 108-D-a8e 1o8-D-158 108-D85‘Turbines and Fuss hon. 2 Wydrsulie Appurtenances za PENSTOCKS AND CONDUMS <1 Ao aplieg to powerplant installation, the tarm panei te used to designato | OBNERAL, 1 clsdel suprly pacoage extnaing from ihe sage tank to aturbne cag, or CONSIDERA Feo the erty ia eg ko utr oe used Co "Tons ite close gop (fm tho forckay to ths targa lash, or a ‘Spat hai fren ford em toring caus, X sure fl ew vowel (chamber connestnd tothe doumeiceam ena ca lgsod condi, stall Aas 2 {roc water surtace avd gerveu as 2 reourvolr tp crouse aad dampen pressure ‘Sitges curing accelerations or dosolerations of low Penetocsa ata ceoaute srevcecigned hydraulically to oui Stonay-fist conditions, frostor from ex Slasine fatale, ai eutiatactory tate of scoslerstion Sp deceleration of UiGg Br setorance wih fe sespats of hs gover to aed changes coe loecical system: 2 staletions with surge tanks where the Songs of penstocks are grostor than | PRESSURE five tenes ihe mastinGm hued the turine shout! oe lnvestgeied for incipient SURGES JBregeure aurges which may be oot up asa Youll of the natural frequency of {ie hydraulic ayer, ‘Thsce eases should ncluge ne determination of craft- {iby urges in any to eval wo Sr a gel ty soting upc per swing [be elecctealsytamy Sep section oe bine performaneo fn he Pogieering Manogragh Ho. 20, ent "selecting Hydraulic Reaction Turtioes,” dated Sige [02l. ge’ objection fnturce ay be largely avoiaoa byte propa pletion cont gtk sug Hane, renter ‘hne capaci, speed, nd gensrator VAD (eee Paragraph 134 of Chapler 1, Hyseauhe Tunic “The maxim poesouve drop wile opening the turbine gata, at tte maximum Tat Baia Sans th sctoloration byatamte grates to crep blow Ue tec pele any point in the lina, From Usa NELA Boport 24-00 of 1024 G'S Togtn Kens, we pbesoure fal at ine tartan Le given OY! ag = 1/2 (4 VRE (a, (awe 1 = normal hand in foot, ‘hg = fll tn presure in feet, 1 « length of penstock in fet, ‘V = velocity in fost por sacond and “7 = governor closing time in seconds eee ee a ee ea eee ‘pagehat comes reenter inns pecans EETEGT OF Se ce gee, fem Rg lea eee fore in Sears Lomi cummins ene Se Se se els A The two principal factors producing undestrable penstock Joes are! strxts VORTTOES & or projoddoa to ie ctssumfiow inion would chase the formatcs of voriex ROLLERS ‘alloy and improper ccnteaetion ofthe cole walls resulting inthe formaticn ‘ingeranltesolene atte faulty ection itis « uncuenntal iat at be (uengy trancforsed trem a moving stvonn to.e vortex canzot be inzaried to {he situce of unser Hades from when soul power fe derived, he foal rcs i volociy bend batwowe to Pos of aghast oelage vce Bk a contracted seston and ie fas! velocity (/4). ‘These are basic laws governing Losses fla moon, sp/s628 ACCRLRRAS ‘Taree FLOW Chap. 2 Hyrule Appurtonancos ‘Turbines and Pampe [EENSTOCKS AND CONDUITS (Continued) +5 The relation of yonstock size, governor capactiy, axl aysem load ch eB coeatad cetacean loci of te at in ‘Htc i Cn af be overger maybe strmipd by Ge arama” lesa of acclehation of te Bow aie tae iamedate cuter he naenes ‘le gover fo. ond hay i fw sre eet pros ponte ‘pipes eload dan oo Sp natn byte pee Te afon[oadrlecion, dans coaracterisie ely Eeoult ftom sxccoute ficient tarbance Iogene whan hgh velo iae abe ‘Bed in bo pnclocr fo reane Art cast winre ie ae of fower iow, pet’ as ally design shale bave sft Teehonse felling an i= feat nie demand lr per, and here hel be yaa of ssa Srescure during te maitaam possible vale of tartne gate opening. "Ths noe [sate of clotare of te turbine gates should Izewtas be eh ato reduce esuively and cptoucy the power cup ofthe wl; af fs eo 0 no sopresiable momntary ise sn power. ACCEPTABLE .© wore penstsis havo a lmgih ess tan thoes tees the maximum baa opt ELOCHnS suRaE TANS ELBOWS tines the maximum nya ‘eluding ashrack and other entrance 1 Sued inca otlectonae cavitation sa aan “ie seogure in he eonaut maybe well so preset, A fru: teopance to minor lead ‘Bpattenced whch he pepatee factor lation othe an reglsing constant "oh of Chaper fis slitiog aga sun on ree ne a te ee a her SEE ha mere pig oes Poe Seeiearantnaees trate eae gape aan Saber asa equate rnsa en cat sas SESS Re +8 Constnt-diameto elbows having radius othe oenterine of the panatock of ally §disipotero ave preferred in normal design (eos Plqure ¢ of "Where the diame ofthe pontlacr ie Yo berednoed afer a tar, jut dere conecirg fe bine cus a eceleraiy sboy ‘eoterned, Egil be noted tt ta amount of acceleration Faqured to change Be direction of th water Io © uncon af be angie fuenede-Ge grater the rn, ths prener ie sccleration. By reduclag he lamar of he Gea, the pred Shey vere ep te eed ths war Soy Lard on ‘ressure aves, Uging th Ley of the oa se) dor deters ac Eroonesive area the oncluston io vonspod tat walbr oder pressure cust be ‘Eine through sh angie greater than dg wit qreitngreiected ow inthe ‘Spel ve tear ow creme bogs of 45 ot et, wen i seseratnce mi the cnt ey may bo ace lamnoter of the {Eine dase extecion wiht lowatieg bs attcteny ofthe wit Consan= iter hes stb paced 31610 dameies stoves im ttre {olgive a stile length of straight pipe to perm partial necictsiticn of he ‘esl alinement Srestod by the sy foPmad onthe aor Side off bo +8 Bondgates atthe entrance to a penstock or condult are preferred to hiphepres~ sre favs loca ints line Bea tan ins ‘bor 1by pessoa ded oe Rane So tsis sho taassanelh -preseare valve oh a to stare he tam rsseed ‘be ponstocks prose tide te Ishin eae, aod Foun tins let ‘us leatage’ hon Se a ix ia owe” Suey Valves shea ae a ‘Bisimum ai tires caving ini! dinmeata Gotmosn at eats rainy sige and io tabine centerline, p Skperbodee 0/21/57G ‘urine and Pugs boo. 2 vdesule anurans ENSTOOKS AND CONDUNTS (Contd) 0 10 Tho structural and mechanieal daign of penstocke snd appartenannes {= covered STRUC- {Valves Gales and Stoel Conduite (eater Standarca No 7). "ihe design pree= TURAL & ‘Se bS used aoula equal the rates neal put th water neuner developed MECHANICAL ‘Phen Arresting tho neta low by looure of ine ursina wick gue from foe DEAS Fly open ostton the rouse of begianicg of We elarded rate i the minimum {ine Hee ye govnsor dang, reser toe magma had i he water Immmer developed when seseating th fly sequined fs dovlop ta retet gensraior ‘Seip at redhwed gate opening fa tae same midinian fais, Tue waler her didons eve defined as the marina pstte devaiiped uae verte ae on, Sssuming aormal rato of piston stroke and with cuahlosing removed from the Servomotsra. ‘Tae SL condition criss when slowure doom fal or pastel fate govure{n'anuniver ce cesonda Saat to twice the lent ofthe peosoce in ‘eat Sivided by th voloity ofthe wotar-tammnar pressure wave tn foot ver cont fe fom dings tse sal fe dang secre tnt dor watimum emergency contin pa above. _BENSTOCK AND CONDUIT ENTRANCES 11 Fanstoek sod conduit eatrances are desigod to produce an acceleration stntlar PRINCIPLES fo that ound ins ft Ysoulng rom a sharfedged orifice, The guriacee are” OF DEStGH ‘Brmoa tote natural contsectign curve elt jet andthe penstock of cont {eieumed'y be ofthe vee he orice jt sa main conection, oF 18 The contraction curve or profil of the iet for a rectanguler paustock entrance SHAPE OF {Rib ine opposite sides supprenged and for'a'efreiar entrance folloes tie ase ENTRANCE I of conttictign he determines experimentally or te sharevoagedstrowar rice’ (Ptgase 8) andthe sharp-edged welr (Pipure 4) The exlaincs of 3 haale ‘Sigs of esntvaction la fnsieated ta" Plgure 6, whlch stows tho scraemont ofthe [rofie of a ot Lesulag om a retangulay orice with tne prot of ths nape of {Slshsrpsorebted wetry euch being petted stout ig cantar Gf gravy tna horizontal lane, This augreatt compare showe tht he sume marimum soteecton of Ber inom vattesi-iace offic i femmes ‘on tas louse guriace ofthe el when tho Iida Ang deoboet to Sat of tbe we. The minimun heed mies wil eaiae ts sate ration fh topes supe tustprodae & sbmergunco oun o 90 pare Ste orifice peightthove te ubper edge ofthe orice. "is Itt ie also appited to {he Iocelion of srane snd trssntsclx, es shows (ogi 8 Fe ictemrcten eon ei ogni re be Berit uc are ae ae (i Rabat ote a cae ce, is Riau array oa rea rta Ear eras Rees Cone aright {ehction unter these eonditons fe usualy ten as Sb percent of te arifice ares SaaS ceereramuecta ei nana Baa Fes Su aes ier Heese ee, EEE SEER Sant carer ae Hoan ae 38 The cortrlino of tho intake trarstion should proterably bo mado normal so ACCELERAN {he sicw ofthe ary or soufuoria, Whore te ainement of the ceeeeina of ‘TON AT Ae pentock i nol normal tothe intake crite, the rantton may'oe curved CURVES nfs center of gravity to noprontnate the persbols ofa faee fo wits velocity gat Gene maar eae ee Sat Soke merrier rece etnee. Soiree nie ins ae. OSes et nin ata aa Se see Salat eei cute ate er ee ‘dicated by the veloelty-vavtor diagram shown tn the aoceleraling bend of s/aeps8Chan. 2 Hoaulie Asmuctensioes ‘Tuchinas and Pa 24 [PENSTOCK AND CONDUIT ENTRANCES (Continued) ACCELERA- Figure 7. The contain of the stabs thus assumes straSstory wberetn the EGUAY” haiti component of vloty is dtariaid by te cacti ote CURVES ns the vertical component of velocity ie determined by the tanga! of thé ele ‘Gant ‘thus nia th water se tong farsea. ‘Tair priotnin of dean in oetents) {he chaps oft napea ofa slars-arccted wats, an uly eatin the tow ‘Runcrsty ofthe reacicion of velocities in ieecden and maguiade i seSord~ hos wit funiament we ‘TRANSITION .14 lhtakos of rectangular shape with the largest dimension placod vertically ero, FLARE" referred for strbctyeal ane moctanieal eusone, in order Cy cbain the most ‘eSnomlonl asin of intake wenetion from sodtenpulayoocton to a sufeuler Se oqusre gonsuich or consul, te vertical walle are'commoniy fared inthe heaton afl. he angle o are of tac vals ox sty enpaning seston Sn ibe eee vata onl x penis soa se tend © om Merial ‘otorine of the section ‘te mitor-joum datale of Figure 7 TTORAULIC 10 tare eign opr a con vying ets ection be TRUM 1 de dpaente rire rep so zg ng ce ¢ er are SIcoRLaS hase tay hse is tie Gates, ons, are a i cies a eee onroets, A. Transition snd tare should be mado about the centerline of mass flow 28 Binal hove 1B Side walls show not expand a arate greater than 50 from te centerline Sf mate fom . Bepanding sections should have tinal eres of not tees than 2.5 tes the [AEST S26 fr masta recovery of wossy faa Cc 1. Expanding sections should have nal exon of not mare han § times the ‘aliad afte ts tains sable bacovery of velocity nad 1, lake sections should te daigned in accordance with he Inwe of contraction ofaifee jot (Change tn direction of lw ina closed cana maybe effected: (1) by Ioatig in pgerare fz actor tance wit te conte ove vores la a8 BPP Seba pegasus as expldeg inom stow of sae epost lags i th Sieve daut tabes bx) by Uo use of lng rade elbows (ELS ra EET ie len Ml ce sprotinatl auettane FOREBAY .18 ‘The location of the forebay spren with zospect tothe lower gate silt Zor mediums ‘SERENY 1° Ths GSS Plea haste Gtarmad oom spe formas chown Pagar LiehGe tte apron aor soy ober obeiructon shoal be Faced closer ot bate fom sprig Line ofthe orice tan 30 porcant of to orice height. When the ‘SSroplse Sraught closer ih aete fo sugpracs te contraction othe et Where naitisne rages that fhe apron be Placed clacar otha orifice than tho above lituatine permit, ft shold’ be dvignes ae x cosknuation of ho ako transition ‘Eat thus fully aupfroae the boom centration. "the ase of aq apron below the ldstok eutfanse i profonred ae if atone ajmactdea! contvecice «tfop Enboltom: and more portant it greuiy rodacos the npsronic doveirust ah tpp oft hoed eal when the gate ie big cloced under opatig veloc SBadhiSeal Aigands dant @ show the appicstion of tose prise a dosgn, a7 Datemge ronengs ous een et oe Wy 0 Pagtasrenivas eeeesceh coast gas ee ay See. Siekamacipar cesar tiene” C SIDat iia Patan Sioa eaer ar aan sas——_____tumeso nuns ca 2 He Acgustenasnas C ante PENSTOCK AND CONDUIT ENTRANCES (Continued) igure 1Oshowsthe Location of tha controlling opening i the rannan, and mpage. ths detatled runner cimenaions are uot mow, farmite an eppresination at © RACKS lis mansion to be competed trom the specie sysed of tie tarbine uncer (Cont). find discharge diameter, Por ariaivtiw turin fear gia witke gates is tie Raiting etn. Ber spacing ‘rom Figure 16, dei a D3 correspunding tothe dlamocer of the runner, 1 Hage mythos ae sips eahny es Dar ‘ates av arora cee Sn Seen meee Oc ersten he Shin aru dehe uc ietantnels EE en tonee mae tera eh peseralae Sri cea te Gah ee Sica pemeictetatieeertis we cte near aS Ese tees arabica me Pn SSE hac ace temmnracesan ‘er Ieee the Tee the variable crore be “Zola be astaemined mahrecka ig covered = Cha igo ce Dams. (Design Sandards No.2) - he races trusty shoud te dviened io meet rnuremerts uparng Es PCS ae Too i gttonsed For low dans aiveigp ste {Rhee agiigi rack ral foe i etered oo tht mocanicl {ate with gulios may bo used love Figure 1). (C. Fer inaallations designed to permit manual aking or the use of mechanical elination ‘Ee itaal pstdes fie seeds shouldbe nelmea'c wt cagle g {#8 fron of Racks, e ‘Eel Fiat 16 heal th tate of tw tna btn ‘EE Glan of carbine ent, te fou tarough toe ee passages i oot ‘Sally dived af al guts tinea; and since a ack has's tment to ‘Slit low inroahoat ie aface, 9 space te Let tetuecn the race ‘sit the Uires titaae to perm readjustment by eross flow, ‘oth Yerticat {ie hotieclal soparsing membere oppooio te projected are ofthe ori= ‘ace suring Lie are stresmlinod to rete npdpeue losses and io prevent the armeton of hare vor (rails a bi perstockenteanes . Tho ely rage secs teed oy byt dase of tho, Yel Cc Petar clorton for dssloe wauh ueing troemlinedsirus. "The grote aren Racks ois Sati auayomover, ba increased to gona aavatage where Lars fo a SESSEEGY a's tay regaive a bet trash burden, siise suc an increase Guid provide a magia of anotynzwinet complete choppage af ow to the [onsiobk and para 4 reduotion ne accumed urbalsnest pressure to be {and in in design af toe bare ond supporting structure, rvvistene choad ESSnade fp he Syotrenn pare for te gee of game fori of reliable mechan [ea rake Yor eleuning the debris trams toe bars. 18 ‘The frequent referenoos througout te tant to rates far use tn preliminary | DESIGN (retiges fo'Sasve ao a bois fat te sore dntalled fal dotigy abe eialficart, PROCEDURE SEAS, Hlustese le ftdamenal nw of tua wotin of elag ane of fxe Sims. ‘ce tha pattems and their imiltions are understood, Coin spel allen is epee probleme tg aue of caging scales rather joan the eotuton SPAS QARESE:” BL canoopt fe fay i= sessed wits Newton's eocend law of fiction nish ie the Snate an which Lntoretorytaets of yaraie models are BObDanT Whtea is uead te protict toe pertormanse of tee prowlypas, Ths EGR SPUD Shes brasbuce fous the bane for emlGalsting Maid motion Js clos coudul, and thee lana chou alvaye be ured in preference to - ase) Tava“ procesure vont dosgntg overs peo or take ip ¢ SEES JST ih the peacioes olacuseea So ctine! tn Higures 10 trough 17. \ ‘este'GS Gioul be Goel far the apecal ease whore the inate aseume ‘Chisacteritios of & recautra be. sr97s6219 GENERAL, mapuLse TURBINE REACTION TUNER Teamc WALES seuiway PROBECHION TAILRACE, Tee wate sa ese ‘consents crap, 2 Hpdraulie Avoutensnoas ‘Tuxbines and Pumps ‘TAILRACE 119 The tatleace fe the open chanel whch confucts the turbine draft tube alcharge {bho river chamaty lake or other body of water. A propeciy designed trace net mintmam head inte, rd for vescton tubiee iouras & daft Ube Seay Tocgvert sce velocity ad, protects the unit from excgeetve tarbdanoe fhe Eplieay and nimizes both seo aad accumulation of eit sa debris, 2 The unt sotting and whe! pit arrangement ar discussed under tho impale ‘ible conmrclln parapets, “ie avatar elgratia belo fe wheel oad {fast cena to permit te lowest sesettescmte ening. ia regeren © ‘Grace of generous proportians; well designed for iow heal loss atthe maximum ‘Valer clvellon and co locatod it rospost te th spilvay tint the way eect ck "iliay flow i avhiciead’ avters ieeiia, the alsace ehowe Soerosrste [eovleen for a weit to mesaure ie dlsenarge ot each unt hen the talWetor nara, “iuig weir Wil bo usoa during actopiance and der test, and ay be lied to motor the dally relocese denise, 21 Tha tallrace should be proferany rectangular in shape wit Ute bottom Goren Feo the dow ke erat ot aot mre tan @ 02 slop to ou eect EE Gcate wel wih an cleat cual min elvta, “Tigwl {orm a pont mney sneuren atleast 2-1)2 toe of cover over the pier nose Open Ingn We rae opens of fare retrgrgetos of he Srvenbo ‘les shoud be vemos! and parslol apa exten! dawzatvoam a distance eaul”= latte vo moe te average Gop of Welar yen all wits ave operating At fallen. This wil fue recovery of most af te Velocity bea resent ot th SEES SHS pure rane othe Cat ed w= 22 When We aleace dhacharges into a cana or river with elopingsidos the teaine Engrs ye Se sang wale on ba Tae sloreartes to PASS NER anele comer a inn dlachange whieh get Up Srene ees tat Seulll br exceauivesrocton. The foe standing well profuse very slow ange {8lite with flow parallel wo the diacharg, whith co fot ve oufetet vaoctiy {peaioa scour, [i traning all should be plorcet by several sal opeaings 12 SS Spt ena wile, doa "ho dow through the lee, wil serve to ime Sd contd the largo Cae 25 When the powsrplat i loeated adcent to the spillway, the plant alieace should SG RO Tae ay lh ening wat nein tomate {Bote of slay ltacg eu fee ines Li rere ‘SEPRG te Hala Weck cop i cnd anil adil redo wave ston ‘Which edvereniy slats turbine performance 26 Basoton sbi ite a tesloe wie ae flusteated in Figure 19, where Sieg era face may te open or et vrtota of tne, Sich us for aveuetfenm matntenanee oF duc to oplivay action. Permanent rel Eogregelon of ton downstream chaspel Mater surlico may slso require constuc~ ‘FEE SHEE Salas hs nore taltaoe wala love. A age tu ed ro at SE LP ASE deere ae HRB ote Slots Caeticdaes ean ee ee ee maaiinbtasisaiom me ie |B, Thin wats wil sot ae a form of broad-crestod weir whose free discharge 15 ven bye a2 @-R007 Ly 5/29/88tine ot age ti 2 ai Ameena __ C a.24c “TAILRAGE (Continued nd whose head lose when eubmerged is approximated by ool : eatin -ot0 Ye by -o000 Mw in socnd-tet eereos weirs 1 wlength ofereat in foe, By =end on woe eft ty choad 1058 whan submerged, nfo, ic vg evelyn azo rst wn ema gv acoaleratin of gravity = 82.17 t/sac., “The wolr 1s cousidazed mibmenged whan the downstveam wat surtace (= Ep ee cael ieee Test oie ean C.-M acon et on numa gus 2, Casa FU, Eu temponar Sorte a captive marist sicwable art ‘ear ETE ite lad st exocod arf stmuprborse prea TEST RIL Panes acer ory si Seal Fomae Seer absorte ton drat eon, the sealant Svat aoe a LA nel tpt svete low plat nthe elbow Gra reign lds RE ce hen sare nie, Theoret aboas = {STs een no hen toe ono Shane Yaer levee normal ‘Perrsacentretrogeesaion op frequent lowering of tallnace water aurfaces ‘avranent otf raat hugh fil teeny ta orignal recommends HALES SS1 Sarg normal oparatice, and tins proveat exosssive cavi= {Sits nat poseinie bration, oO yay, Ripersedes 6/20/58Fig 1 Par. 210 WATEE-HAMOMER CHART sage sien age © 5/29/58$$ ste.2 traatic Armurtenancos ________turtmnes end Pumps __ Fig. 2Par, 2.10 APPROXDIATE PLATE THICKNESS FOR STEEL PIPE ie PEATATETSPOTETT aT 86 fe syaoysePig. dba 22 Drbioas ant Da SEDGE CIRCULAR ORIFICE ORIFICE DISCHARGE--PROFILES AND AREAS OF FREE JET FRM SABE srapse‘rupbines and Pumos SUARP-CRBSTED WEIR--CALIBRATION OF FREE NAPPE chap, 2 Hysraule Aopustensnces ig. 4 Pan 212 eyaayss‘Sachises and Fig. 6 Par 212 WEIR AND ORIFICE PRES JER--SHARD-CRESTED ‘Witt AND CIRCULAR GRIFICE COMPARISOH saps2 Fig. 6 Pan 212 ‘PENSTOOK BVPAKES--/ Turbines and Furze {PRON AND TRASHRACK LOCATIONS rv : wale # F Heat ; 2 te Hale u ue Pe ; ne i Lie on s/aayseFig, 7Par, 218 PENSTOCKS AND PIS, FYORAULIC DBTAS-- BENGE. RECRIGNe, FLLLETS, AND FORA ° spssig. Spar. 218 [PENSTOCK INTAKE ASSEMBLY--PERSPSCTIVE 5/29/88 oOydrautls Appurtenaness se. ‘Tustines nd Pump Fig, Par, 26 DDRNSTOOK IVTAKE--TYBICAL EIGE-NBAD INSTALLATION says‘BAR SPACING POR FRANCIS TURBINES ig. 10 Par, 227 wee4 : B ba 8 g 2 a wena a Oe syn9ys0Sho. 2Llvteaulic Aumuntsnsnege _ ‘Turbines an Pung Fig. 12 Par, 2118 PENSTOCK-INTAXE PEATURES- $ Hs Ne hy 0.5035 0.50(=3- In cubic fet per atond over wer Le Length of crest in fat Duin of east ene Fefaod eruaina Ueleloy test per secont Seaeonny Sea Hae TAILRACE WATER LEVEL CONTROL WEIR FOR REACTION TURBINES pease 106-0-308 Cc spss‘uvbnes and Pume, Chap. 3 Satton-service Pipiea C ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS| DESIGN PROCEDURE 31 Php Syetems Ba fabdeey DRAMAGE eveTEN Gravity Dratrage Systeme ‘Drainage Trench (Ga Sorage and Suniior Rooms ‘rape Battery Room Drains ‘Provision fee Movemont without Damage ‘ipo Parailel to bulla Lines Drage fumes and Pumpe -resaune Dratrage and Unratoring Systems (Castiron Pipe wh Caled Sots Uuietering Headers Uniatoring Pune "Ttolne-esce Drain Lines esft-tibe Drain lant oO eee CL Hanouns sysrens ‘Reguiromonts peration See of Bautpment ‘Gu storeje Tanks Punspe Suonly Bing Resim Pising oo Porson ubgcelanaous Dacizn Detesle ‘Grerfowe from Bearinga Return Lines Sampling Cooks Govemor Sum, (Conmestons i gape = s 3 Sassae°sagagee° waTER sverEMs BBRe Coctng-wator systems ‘Goaligwaetor Contra. Seeinese (Ganoratcr Costing Water e e-0.8 = 11/22/71 (Supersedes 2/2/80)Coap, 3. sition service Piping ‘Derbngs and Pumze ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS - Conimed C WATER SYSTEMS - Continued Pasagrash 4.0 ‘Transformer Coating Water 8 Bearing Cooling Water SOF _Aesoellancous Royatsonsene S110 ine Protection oupolp 20a “Shoot valves $105 Emorvoney Supely Etoc Disebarge Capcity E10 Baoerve Capacity SLID” Domestic. aud ServicoswaterSyetems COMPRESGED 4IR sveTENs oO 3.12 Compressed-atr Requirements S15 Typae of Sguipmene S11 Gperaton 51g Space Requirements S18 Sates Reqatomonts ai Boi 8.18 General Prineiee Silo Fine Claeeiseation RWB Chass B Sse Chess ¢ 5.20 Rezatiny tectrces Equipmert S21 Olt Storage Corapartinente 522 Outdoor Srenatormere Sata ht Powerplane 5.228 tm aviteyarcs and substations C 2:98" madoor Transformers S24 Bulag itertore B83 Outdoor Arese MATHRIAL AND EQUIPMENT SCHEDULES 8.28 Materia sonedulas S°P7 Mechanial Sasipment Sckedulea 5:2 instrument Shedutes 8:28 Piping Hdenitiction S224 “Mumeolate Stoaule S{R05 —Moting of Nameplates pees = 11/271Turtinee and Poss. rao, $ Seton. gorse Piping C ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS - Centimed DRAWS 3.80 Piping Diagrams 3.31 ping Tayouts S310 Piping Diteensions S'1B Elevations S'S Eullaing Dimensions SIS1D Designations of Pipe Sze and Use SSL Wougte of Lines SISIF Ratorencce to Ober Drawings SiSi¢ List of Reference Drawings 5.82 Piping Detall Drowings S.824 “HabHention end Zrection Dimensions 5.998 Bqupment Dimensions 3.20 Valve and Gaske! Dimensions 8:92 Piela Welds 8.928 ring and Taeiicetion 5.393 Tots ana Mittngs ° 81990 Dimenstano and Hlovatons S39 Horieaal Pune S9E Drain Trenoses S09 Gentery Deelne S885 _avauieeh of Bboded Pipe ‘St Pipe Hanyers and Anchors ‘Ma “Bataile Bangers ‘368 Saength of lamgers See Anchors 1B8-6-8 - 11/28/11 (@uperaedso 2/2/80)Chan, 8 Sation service Bi whines and Pues ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS - Cortimed C us? oF FIGURES Pigs Dewaing amar mae Bamber ta Wout of tmbeddoa Piping at son-p-20e 2 Uns went of Expoood igi at yonbaot 2 Of Handling System» Svitehyands nd sibetetione 28 ion p-220 3 Typical Piping Manifold - on Puriior Room 3.8 carer 8) Gil storage Taka = Outdoor Sta son bbe Flushing Connection = OF System sac paw 5 Typical Zellwalo Cock - Ol syatom sap 1s b8 8 Typteal Savanging Sop ~ OM Sezer 80 ¥D.3096 ‘%m —Fleebia Congestion = i Piping t= C Eiectrical Equipment in Powerplant aeP ros-p.ate C ‘te Floste Connaetion = Water Piping to gp jtigited Budpmedt sn rovernere s.0F 1os-D-a16 ending Syeter Sor 1@-D3, 9 oll Hyarant = Oil Syatem Se ios-boas 20 Atracompreseor Inallations - Beatpmert ste a1 108-Date 11 Atnscomprecoor Installation - Typical Pane ‘and Hlvation (Two. or Theeswunlt Pant) 3.13, 108.D.28 12 Alsvcomprestor Insillaion Types ¢ ‘lovstions (won or Tareo-onie Dank) 3.19 s0n-D-102 > 18° Atr-comprossor fstallation~ Typical Plan (Gsnenie at)| 3.18 308-D.168 14 atescomprotaor Intailalion « Typicat Schematic Piping Diagram au 309-D.188 15 Atrecomprecsor iallationa - Design Daa 3.18 sobs 1 AMrccompretocr intllations - Plsing Data S17 sorbet 1 Gonezatar Houaing = Air Spaco Required ‘Witin Housing, Curve for hetieating 8.20 son-Da78 18 casbondioxide fare-emtingulaing Equi ‘mont dor Gonesatore ant hotore 2.20 105-D-170 19 Carbon-dlontde Pisenostingsehing Bovine ‘ott for Ganeratora or Mors = Typleal tulation 3.20 1oE-Dam 20 Carbonedionde Fisn-ntingishing Pping ‘wihia Gencrater or Motor ~ Typical Tetalaton 320 rosp-ie 2 Finscettinguiohing Equipment Misoetlanesus sz rospas 22 carbon-dlonde Fine-extingtehing Equip. ‘ant for Roowe and Vaults sat ios.par 2 casbon-dlnide Pise-ontingaishing Sjatem {or Co Storage and Parties Rooms = ‘Typical ballation sa ropa % Piping Delais "Transformer Fire Protee~ ton = Sections and Deals = Powerpiaat 9.32 ‘222-D-0600 6.6.8 - 11/22/71 (Siporsetes 5/29/56)‘Turbines and Purp ap. 3 Seton. service Piping ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continved [UST OF FIGURES - Contino igere Forogragh Desig lumber tine Relorene —-Nusber 2 Piping Dette - transformer Hire Protec- ‘oe - Pan asd Sections ~ Powerplant 2 229-D-26ot 28 Peawerplant Piping = Movie Sebocile am ios-b-i7e 3r—Tuminee end Ausiari = Mechanical Euoment omocule an aig D268 28 Mochanioal Boupmon: - natremant schedule 3.28 CDSs 2 Unasaiged So Unelgand 82 Control and Seevice Boys - Mechanical ‘Equipment - Nameplate Sehodsle for Ping Systems 32 214p-10s 92 sandara Rameeplates Sma “d0-pamee 3 Powerplant Piping ~ ice Protection yuipment, Piping Dagens 3.30 105-D-194 St Piping Symbola = Sthomate Diagrams 3:30 tos-b16 SS Powerplant Piping = Plog Layout a3 i0s-b-188 88 Piping syubois "rosded Pipe and Eutinge = Siogostine 3.31 18-017 87 Powerplant Piping ~ Trenstormer Cooling-ater Supply, Piping Details 3.32 308.0188 38 Piping Santaras ~ Conections - Serewed at Benge 3.32 1oe-p227 90 Pawerplan Piping - Transiormer Om Cooking-water Supply, Billo waters = 3.82 I0SRMD- 188 42 tinwey Mark and Bis of Materia Be 108-10 4S Boworplate Diping ~ Embossed Piping and ‘sere, Piping Detale 2.88 105-D-197 42 Powerpldnt Piping = Pping Mangers Be 208-B-188 e-6.8. 11/22/71 (Supersedes 6/20/56)‘Turbines and Pamge Chap. 8 Saton-servise Piin at DDaSIGN PROCEDURE A Alig the typeof basing fora powerplant te determined by the sporopeate PIPING disig tellgn, memoran anal cullinedruwinge doveribing urd sbow~ SYSTENES GUE atcummce Seater tate ate SE Te puaus abet siete pate Habe aces oe chin Sie cea eee aS aise aes SCR paca artis peice ge Seale eter Bredbe ata ee aetune fe dente a ar eo ate sedate tnd speelcalied fechosary forthe purchase an estlltion Sau on oy er ets cian ee ee SELSRGRO cuties Gane ete ecient ine quae ‘neous auiliary equlyment such es draisage obd urmalering pumps, sewage | EQUIEMENT eon te meee ae {the project far erection dn tute fo mest She Completion dates shown in fe DRAMAGE avorns 2 A peavty detonge eystam ondary droina waste yater to a sump from whoa GRAVITY i E'gamped ts tle Winco, The pete ineuane for sein, deci fr ORAIAGE ompbeedarcsoling watery and deaine for stner discharges often intrmitent ‘SYSTEMS ncHaracter. ‘Tae general principles of dsign are! ‘A, All walls ty conte with veter should nave drainage trenchas aloag tet Drainage interior tacee, with gutable floor drasne, ‘Theos clude oteide wale Teonshe swith A ag slew sauual igh tallvater”Drais rewohas shold rot cFOst ‘Spina joins, B. ll storage and puriier rooms ehould have chilling desing, with gravel Oil Storage otlels, of sulttlon capaciy to carry the flow from he apenkiar elds Fjatem om C. All embodied pipe in tho arainage system should be extra besry cast-iron Erhedded onlps with Fag swoops at ai hotlecnal ras, Quarter bende may fe" Braine eed it vrteal tens Eprnoutl lines shal sions one-fourth i te Re oot prectabie, wih a minimum of ove-ofath inch fhe fot No frei ine Shou be ies tan Zina ix ameter extagt shor, staipiy {loped rare with few benca from sinks or srl pts. These'may be 7 fnohee indameter” (ae Subparceremh € below.) D. Drain tines o a main drainage header or sump shouldbe trapped by bell~_ ‘Tra {tap arsine to preven escape of odors. The dgeharge tbe sump sboud te Bow the lester level to eds natee, tin vertical domes pity the Sump should haves three fourina-inah vent hale sbove maximum sump Water lel fo prevent alr ook. Vercal graine Stearsing into cor (rains on lowal ooh need ol be tapes . Drains fom the battery room floor and eilishoud slope a minimum of Batery Root (pecfoarth nah to ie ah, save no Gockste or traps, and should discharge "Dra (SSesty ino ie Sump or lalnace Fre embeded lps orpgsezaron or contraction ft ab Pepslon or Gaile Sth ont but sot ecded should bo istalied athe fiz of the Mavens ie, Ths wil emit moor movars wit damages Pgeacroey- Wie Poa Rin souase Soa Seo cps ceseataty” Sa sraiss(ctup. 5 sttion-service icing ‘rurtines op Pumos 38 ~ DRURAGE SYSTENS Contino) ¢ ve a un uh ith te eatstgs cone tp preven mac rig, Ren i ne en Sea Shon asta fae Pipe Perasl ©, Embodied pipe soni elie pple opting igs sacs fo te ulaing [voll Interference with Felnforcing sca ciber embeased material rae Dgurage ‘Hana tum enpnson cr cotton ft show sabes in ia alae ‘Bus 2eSgyclon Bich Geainie eutp shod have ttclent volume to pera a SSulnun of Saetes Pye eunp ump reg ect ple of Pigs Seti ice ees hasten ia open role mayo eapcle eEatetic ae Teo tamer wall "yo ey Pe ee eserrad SEE Sea hag uae Si lens 0 peri of a sot EERE Gps pe ils cer St Staal ugh eeu oe ‘Selarge af lear ae pretend tay fu Gertie po- ORIG ci nel tn fens Bo Sopa wt aeareaig econ. a epee a he ltgeng emp lw como cae De Siac? puss pelea Tuten whe second amp owog SESE Poe aA ENS chp fia ened ctor SEEDIE au ay able es oom PRESSURE A The preomre cringe ayes of ach bay contts cooling wees fn te BRRRUBE + Drees cums san of och sets Soe taeda watzawe TSG Sali leugaa SPAM GMT Ueee” Bas cpeaterige pete = ‘SYSTEMS: ‘presaure system for unwatering the turbine case and dra tube, and dis~ RGSS ST urting ah ae gese gnenes of ton oe e Casttron ‘A. The embedded pipe should be of cast iron with leed-called jointa, and should } et ee {jslom Gowndlreacs from the shot! valve shoald be not lees than Amer! 2 cee nt eh ih espe aso fange ee eae SSEESMLISE nein opts esos, eller ‘vyptering _B. Theunwaorng droge Doers censored 2 a oy prea Ke “Beaders ‘Eh A Sip segundo ast open tans Enance tighos shold oot EERERES fails Wile cp overtones Se wewetaing C Bede sal teens om ppc conracion Oo, Should os fun Gorn ty suand (othe outside win an air capacity equal Uo tbe ‘natu ion, EASA ER SSL LE Ue chy of te tomer URES fu she outing flee: ie enice sna corsaered ROPSTERS Sth Ass FR Pb and Ne soe of the sume he bypass ‘SEU LE rotted quiet bei dacine lad o's ened sno, pretor~ Sty ina votiel fine, Unusterise ©, ‘Two unwtering pumze, similar tothe Gratage pum ere desirable, The aes Rigel ind Ba Sane snoul be conigne te Sntnuies rein tme SaPEjels the ition is determined by ta sia of to enwatering lie from BRLSTEAG sabiae ease or toe aratt ese, whichover ls tie greeter ‘Torbine-case_D, The furbion-case drain line shouldbe designe to unwater the case from, ‘esis Lines Beiconedine of the lotrioster to tse invert, including Heedgate lesiage, {Sis than 3p mimitor, One -tenth of pereeat ofthe ralad turbine dis Gases Shou we dlowie Soe neas-este Ratape. "io penstock and tarvine s/aayseTurbines and Pores han 8 Satlon-earves Pit DRAINAGE STSTENGS (Contimee) ‘cage should be unstard to tlluatar elevation through the trbine alee Turblne-case ‘face tne tunbine-cues srain ine ie opened, Age vaive thet willbe Dyan titos dificat to opsrats ant the gragsure thse fire cece deops toa [eon [ate value shovia be provided t mintmiee the danger of ooding tbe sump. {Ths vawe should pe Ieoated ina vorical ine pelt, ana Us ge ‘vot slogging bolt snay also be dasiesbi o proviso ebmwsions {an ir Bee fo by used to reak pt silt, oF to seco dra valvas [n'the valve Bonet and te Bottom of he slat Spiral cases which are preceded ty a pentock valve auch as a buttery valve regtee at air and vacuums Dalle valve to pnmit apsterng tnd {ildsg” “Fn valve batd be of see chat will guas sullen ai tore ‘ett bas thag goof stncephorss presoute‘nuide the cusing dae {owatering, and will open cod Teleast sir when undor maxima frsbay Sean em ata as a es lt Tposne St siting off tho water in cave ofamargancs. (Gee Figue 2, Bie Sl ae ee ce as Ee Ae cat ae Cu at Boog Gerehue Watetalin nie ouas Se Oe SASS reo rans a BS Slee ian gcunaeue ura SROMLGIOEE Snare 2, Each graft-tabe drain lne under pormal taller should digchange vot _Dratt-tube Jose than sne-halt oft percent of ia rated ruin dlestarge toa Drain Lines 2eatag the drat-tabe talked gates, The Iino should be capable of ine ona tenth of 1 perce of in rea turtinnsiechaege for oal~ Ege through fhe arate bullacaa gale ster sealing wih ne water [el hte floor of te tube. Sting of thm po from the tbe tothe valve Should be gusrdnd agains by an ar eonnactony i conallered aocezoa0y ‘The unvatering sump may act asa rosorve drainage sump incase of eciden ot soba, sdf deoutd be provided wilh suumate Lest coals Elnllar to hose of the avateage cur, tn small paste the unvalering [Bump may be combi with th araifagy sump, 2 provision may be nade {or tee oe porta puro (o1L HANDLING sySTEMS ‘sch Kind ofl shots be ts rn cota aya of storage tank, tanator REQUIRE bmp, prsecure gr aump aka Wf rewulved, amd pupay and retary pipiog win MSOTS {alte spcouary fo rantgy of payin i and eatice tn oases, ‘a- aly alld eco x deren peo cl and wdlared and ‘ete oly ingeoper operation o lente. Ths veasremrtngecatens EE CHa Ve place atould de Uasqne io Beals al tooo ol, ot og vires i ematar lon shot lariat preven En aforen types of ithe direction of flow Stouts be eteany indicated for ‘Ray Bivecliceo ty cutvef ia coonclcrspovaeag tie puricer to Bacon” ‘clog i sitner oytiom az dasirsd by ehanglog hose comeduoas. A typical {ten for tranetbriner of Se shown in Figure 28 "The following operations for aac ind of ofl are required: OPERATION A. Filling the uilered-of atorage tan from @ tank car ov truck, B. Moving oll from tho unitered storage tank through the purtir to elther ‘ie ilfesee storage tank oF se aalfment 5/29/58as, 5. Station garvi Pip “turbines and Purse, 20 OPERATION (Cant). sizes oF QUIEN on ar ans Pumps ‘Supply Piping ture Pipog om Panitiere| (UL HANDLING SYSTEMS (Coctined) . ‘Teunelerrng oll from the filtered storage tank through the uri or {rougi ibe fancier pomp tothe eluent eters D. Draining or overflowing ofl trom the equipment by gravity, or by snother Ecaio pnt nd ump to Shenthonod tora Ce 1, ‘Transfesring oi from say storage tanto a tenk car for aleposa, ‘Eesha oa dsp! pp tBecugn a camsmon Si Segoe a Flushing any spp ln by oe ofa rang ump tote here fine to the unlened Storage tak (recrealsion iy moana o tim guct= ‘Har Saas no prot nusiion veloc) for clearing Me larger BS 1, Recirculating of fom the egulpeent through the purifier besk othe eauizoant (Ete pyeiem Is wed foe raraformars and Sened sar ‘ahs whlch wil require inact tuo compintechungoa of ante afoot C ‘poisieaion pouGe® cbabicelons be condoead ty tae design. A tyleal andl for” Sng fo keds ot o's shown in Figure 47 The sles of tank, pipe, and gasps etoald be based on the following dst Eire ge te ir kets pen Bailes auras recharge Berea rs, ee tank should have © vont without valves, of the aa i aimee Ee IE, Th transfer pangs should be ofthe rotary type, and the connecting {ucilon piping sheul be dosiguea oo as tour the ution Litt 16 fot, ‘Sach fur showia hae t ted premoure cf 100 pel, Tas lansioomer ¢ of gusp ahd te Latent Eancores nt ove 9 ours, Th ib Enact over | four. he aisle pumps may bo aatomie With cushion ‘Eas {r'maltdat piano, snd masal Goat in thers Th spp ping sal be ofa soe thet wl pent the all lwo he Samp Ah SEE head easy a, Bed tin ed mo ‘Teapstormer ote wally 00 eacaqda Gapbelt Univeret. and lbrlostig Si 2cbdseconte Seyi! Uaiversa ot tat emparetare ©. Be setrn png trom th trenstarmers tothe ufitered storage tank should raid thn Seanaformers 19 i cme fequined to dlaceseoal fa Powers. This te scaly about 3 Rouge. Ta rotarn piping fom tha Boa ng shoatd carry the ovéstiow tom the beating fasetroie the supa ‘valve fs let open. Toe return pipe arrygg overfows should operate ty (Gravy to a storage tank cr f'n samp witt'a Hoat-cortroled par of be Elise dapacity as fhe transier pap. 5, The transformer~oilpurfler should preferably be of sue site tht the Pesaioer Of sequlfed cr owe agnor toy Ge anya nore ‘car dy. f1,000-ealon pehaur puter Ge the langue feaetle tuashine for gowarrar uss, ea whan iia ig tos small tro wifes Should be peevised, or the oh shoul be sritieg In the storage an faa 720/80“Turbines and Pumps chap. 3 Sttlonservice Piptag 38 (1 HANDLING sxST=NS (Comtimed) entra ote eter te pantn 4 Spncper- Pare ‘tate neers Gmaer A elonger” Ot Fier tn enintear He Menten ee RUGS ar Pgh Ot, oae Ane SUN Se a Bnei 5 Tum ofan nin ho ing ion sii pay aret MCB ome eectin amie vera rman Be Pafnabe to the ctoram Lenk, reeorvair, or a eump. All byyataee end vuswam "DESION fllefe raion fo cates drindge should be provided. The following’ DETAILS ‘Batures should bo Fores fn ming wien deiguing a of handling syst. |A. Qverflows trom beseings sheild have no valves Ystwaen the bearings ard Ovenflows ‘Si tneliseas atorazy imaiesing ti sump and aaemetie emp, tet prt fee Bearings reves! operetion af the overflow. Geerdong in the machine} shoula be Frotactod agninet Soaring that would bleed off tha Gi 1B, Return lings ehculd be designed to provent airlock and whan decharging Return Linae {Eto the top of a atarege tak thes eheuid be ‘gene cto oe top of {any aed @xtendod ile the tanto locharge through & 10° bend near {he bottocs ofthe tank to prevent tke formation of fam, . ‘he Cushing conection atthe end of exch suply line shouldbe prlacted Chock Valves hk vives must sot be Soper up to pont mining of Be of See Figure fora peat underground Dusting conneotiog. D. Sampling oaks should bo inctalled etal pints whore checking of of Sampling ‘ually 16 rowutiga, Theva ponte Iaclud tha low poate of tank te ends Cocks SPScpuay lace, lhe eapply and voturn lines ote furties, low slate of anglonmcray and ony thor points where cbecking le caesar. Figure 8 Hfustratee atypical Stmpling cocky and Figure 8 tm under gourd Sump, 1B, The gotermor aump ol fling lise aba dosbarge ito the strainer operne sal of he govarooe sump and shold bs coatolied by valve within ‘Simp FF. Transformors aud oil crcultbroukers should be congneted through flexible Connections Bp ot pny spear su how on Figen Pad Spall breiara ES ‘dewole br fasé ape serviced by boss from a service hydrant similar Eaaipmost fo tat tated i gy bts tan en tae ern = ‘necenaaty flexibility Yo secomodate sellement. = WATER severe 9 a ous of cpg wae: pec fom Be tng ct: on opt. Hela conde suree'uit a atrbeion sytem oresch ya Each SYSTEMS {solingwatne nyntamsshocld bo siiand ane the main irainar oa to oeo- ‘ide Seperate systems Tor te genorstor-er conlray the transtormer-o Sooiers, and te boaringoll coolers locuaing the packing ben, An smcrgensy ‘apply should be evaiabis from snctaer saute fot the beating cosing-ueee Sette, and fe doairable that tha other ssoing-wsten systems alge haven Shergeoey suopiy- ‘The mare inpostant detilsaoy ae follows: |A. Conling-watersupzly to unt should ba contelled by 9 shut! valve, Cooling-water SShich an be maddy operated ate valve os fase foe operating foe, "Ganizel 1B. win strainers shoud be used on the main supply ne; and tin, single Strainers ‘Btnar shoila be doed belore al rtions, geracare repuiscte, ‘thor doviges Raving small water tasaagewaye, 5/20/58390 Genoratoe cooling Matar ean Miscalarcoss Reauiromeris eRe. PROTECTION ‘Susie utnoet Valve Emergency ‘Sanat Discharge Capacity Becerve Capacity chap, § Statlen-sorrics Plug ‘Turbines sot Pumee WATER SYSTEMS (Continued) C. A Jet pomp shouldbe used to eupey water to the generator cool in AS RREP Seta ot chose fe HME le ea entetae getoceraey 80 [eet Grtlee and vive cont shld be ‘eet in medium toad lens, Eovcan sens my reals age fo lop i ge sag foam, ‘She Supey th Righst colle Plow, ip which ts ead varios wisey in f short space of true may reguira an dulomatic contva, or i some Caaes, the use of iectrtoal§ devon pase abtsining sutton witar fom toa tall” ‘ies; in onder to provide a rescorably conses dow favcugh fe essere. , A proseure-regslating valve is goversily used to supply coolng water to iPisanefarmete In Hitehead pants (ose Sabparagtagh © shove the fibig sould provide Cbyase With totng alte tr use suring re [np of tho proasane-tcgulting nave. For Sher slags, the peovcions ae 1S Same din Suoparaerart Su at eee ener Eu Sgn eae , Dh slog eh be desley ape & nin sy of § fm anda ‘enn fee glare rman wei ot Beene Erbe py nelle colton git ntreeoehpweuatie Pues be ier ff ore eau dachrp a mtd oe tea sibling systems choula be pected with moana for Inline poacere, iis oe teil aie Scter a ease een ha See asec, ho Sly eee Snot schey leh 1 injures by Sondensthe, Shedd beaoldea 10 Atypical water system for tire prtaction, supplies water to 1-1/2-fneh ‘ReBPsta hows fo penman apsedton t)dbeh casey Nose Lr man Operations and spelniier syatame for of rooms and ransforniere. Irie Go SE all pte. sued ams vegrrete which toa hough oe rt ohn trp of by a gt onal pang. ae roger tltaye maintained When gums re tod en's Suppl 2 oleic ree ot ‘ower ust alveys be avalanle. ‘The desien of te stem stould oe beat Enis Ellowing data sna regnirements ‘A, The gystom should have only one shutoff ae for the man suply, and (ns for te cmoreerey ova me B, The emorgancy supply shouldbe forebay water if posotesble, with a Sooslet pump lenetescary ©. A 2-1/2-inch hose with a 1n1/8-inch nose dlchargee 260 gots st ‘Binur Pressure ot 80 pe. & 1-1/2inch hove and npeaidisebanges Eben ata nimum avec of 2 go Cli-eoots 1/e-inch priniiers etl: 29 pn cath 2 cio pesrare of 18 pas Pons Driflces shoild be inetliog tho hoao valved ig ml the proseure Sn ‘ty hove fo 5) pol atthe mini water evel ofthe tassevots . The roparvte should hava sutiotent reserve espsely to oporato any one of the fltowing groups for 80 ines seat ‘Teo 2-1/2eipa hoses Four 1-1/2-tnch see en bi transiormer spray (Ons ll'soam sprinviey frown ll nore} ‘The equipment, Igetion, and descripon should be as stow In Mere 21. ‘See algo Ghanibe of Housing and Commaniyy Pasies (Design Seaoarcs ‘No. Li) for addlional inrmadon on fire protection, ™ eye. Sipersedes 8/20/38‘Turbines and Pumps Cap. § Savon-service Pising aan WATER SYSTEMS (Contmu0@) lL Tne hydroglectaic powerplant the service water fo uously draw from the DOMESTIC ‘Evobly. do inated » ssatinuous stgpy when all ute are ent dom, he e Goi ony ceee ce pers r ee fete dee arta Se Sheena irae ricwimenar ate Sontag Socept cnet Lig i ts Eo, San oe rare nile suac tel oer a eee ee Se Sea er oan oe Sighs for Gant a waneran Serene SEES SEES Sea citer ta Eri dimecn at Sie ouacy gout um te alae {Se tolled water for drinking, but ths should not be considered a permanent renga! ‘Permanent domestic water spply must be of quality comparsble to thst for ‘Binge ae Soman 05 iced te besign Sates No 1a, Sousing ond ‘Commuatty Pees. (COMPRESSED AIR SySTEM 12 Atylrosteteig powerplant requires supply of compressed si emilsble COMPRESSED. ‘NRT Gees.” Sotal aout afe rewired tobe ivape avcable Dr gone "Ais rater braking, minor meintanance. etd minor repair, and larger qoan- REQUIREMENTS [ite wen noolad for major repars ant iu some Sased'or graf tbe ator “huis ar is eloped in sovaral recasvars from whieh exn rn wien toetnd, ‘A sent slow speed compen having & capacity sot laa th 65 ofa with iutomatis strtcand-ctp conta tutus aos receivers at ral preseure. ‘Toe teal olume of ul eroomested rousivers chou te enouga to -equive at leant 3 minglae naming tere of te eval compressor wile rising tbe pres: fare trom 85 to 105 pal witmot wihdrabal ef ar trom the eystom. A suming fine cf. to 6 minutes will insure completo ubricatien of the compressor ur {ng each cycle: tne smaller ain-cniven fools require about 68 cla for coins Er Gpolice, ani arefore Us sal sorvice Compressor is euicient ‘De drat tube water level depreasing system decertbed in Paragraph 1.22 and igus Peas Wht Sly dk Sea stvera ton rng er presser at ‘aay reve 9 sccand comprassot to focovor plvaal preseire in 4 reasoule ‘Bm, tive second comprasoor should normaly be wer suatnandstop com Er austin when te Peseause drape approinoly 90 pet below to nonal ‘Binimim, of Ob pel, aid stopning when lie presours reathos 100 ste Dajor maintenance and regain, an, tn lange parallycomploted mult ‘BANG reson fella "rognswiticnt compressor spac. nce hese Sparsticus san be soheaited tn advance, tbe lange comprescons shoud te oper~ sted constant spend with threncsinp Foglaton, being manually Started at ie ‘emi of enh lt nd aly stopped wish wank cgses.” Automate, seloseviehite sary gredices crsanig fower demand or Fesirs xaen- Sve staring equpment and shoudl bo ava “The generator brakes are supplied by an ynlopandent distribution system com Hiscaith rocalvon hus ay bre secetver i eepited wit r- rough Fonretn check vive tra the main Feseivers to ure adequate Presse we Sa-tustines snd Bumps (COMPRESSED. AIR SYSTEM (Conse) COMPRESSED and quantity of si fr braking regardless ofthe variation of pressure inthe tain ayetnin Dae revolver Shou have sutclent volume toaapaly the alt "ak angypienrs SREP it Salta sop fe witin a an of ur wise Jet, ant aypes oF EQUIENSICT OPERATION space REQUIRE ‘MENTS brgportloned to pha sume rato in argor plans, can bg sumed tat d sap ‘omute 19 brave appicasena (one e¥ery 20 cacende tux 1-1/2 minutes) tag Giduce ofr pe aplcau nlue the inital dphaceens ‘elumes of te brake Sjindars with the orake Liniag Wore ty to Hive, Beads, lus el he pipiag betvon the governor waive ane rakes. ‘The revelers enum to stare at Go pt and Sot drop below £0 at won the at stop 14s expacted tat once a governor oil grossure tn ig charged with em Sreseed sit the goverane i puro willy gycr a period of tino, mettatn ho [beesenry ais clston,nszeiore «poftate 300 pet ap compneceor sth IBetlte i pipe camactions is novell considefed auicien for tatrequent ‘etaring of a rk pcan concn mers he a ae ‘ies ol ana st down tame, or may bleed ow Un air cueton, Wrach Cc ‘Hosldeture a tapit ls of presoure wile glaring ana pynctacizing."Therse {ore perraannnt conectida shouldbe intalea My whga is consléerod tsipdesible oop the governor cll tae str Lee, id the vives tall be 20 installed that « pally cloesd or defoctve valve wil be immediately deiecte, Zan tte of con ob es Pecrete aie stan cies miter oars Ses esiaignaen ante ate epee He coh aude anaes, EC GCeCh cies dearas {pratage, alr-cosled commestor of 86 cfm capacity jo reaulred. ty eadition, = Sra an ata na on ge E ES aN HEN cee accra le teresa eee Gaieein ice pam euraran gis oats one Soha: All air receivers forthe stationary compressors should conform to the ASME (ode, ould be provided wily santacd conractlons and oulet focated a shown lear Asie 1, Se Seal norte autores came vers ate ace tay tai Yave aa air capac ag 19 Soporte Soul dow of water nought tine when obing nin! 18 pe bak C Suances eee eee, neste aac a oes AS tn SEs Tg chee capcom eraae gina Wea ars SENG Gies its quitter ge ete araates a ea Sant oe a Nae elec na nto cient Calarge eect ae nettles IG Si ue ai ies wine sea einecmyre? 18, Space and service design dita ars tehulated in Figure 16, ad typo ingouts Shem the tfium space required for the froper‘naalalen, Servicing, and Efstenagce of various sss of comprescar wits, While the arvangettoat 0 petteaes 5700/00‘turhinas snd Bumps (crap, § Staton service Pins (COMPRESSED. AIR SYSTEM (Continsad) cy greta een apc cee seo eterna ces as ces Sear ad te ngs oe ame rah i ce Sp Arat nes oi negroes air ora ‘Should be delarzinodkifer the cquiprent ae boon parchaeed pene Py iteen antes tenga army ares neg ye tes eh leg ay ere SEAS ened evict maim eiacr te ee ee Ei Seat eral die we erent Lys sian Sielest Gaeta eae SENNA SRD rien oeatisie ine target, SESS En Mee SRS ce 1. Ta ayats for gir compressors, & minimum cleartee of fet aroun os patted Sg eDeete athe Se alle enue ley of Reoperation ip crane rans ee malts Ely grotesioa by sailings ‘and enciocuras. Co cal sof~conained unitate fen’ de shoud’ lnclea sont he wal, Slsharge pipe to racelers ERG Hs hat inated when nth racers Bo ‘yams oe he sei ined, tg eact Bistro stray deine tan mistons hoes eet oat ctr eteroncin eee By See ane econ aban aan SE SRLS Cine Wena deren eemges oom ES Sie rupee mamart heocueccts Shears Sas tahoe ahah sienna Seas 17 Sse tg pnt sq gms nl ‘ie ci aaa pt te ce ete, Gyr, infertolorsy and ateraguiere are yater-cooled, tba cooling wator Besa pas tecundaneceeice me caiereaee Se ee See ‘The condonsate from inlereccler and atercosler aeparctors is removed by Gulomls dren rape discharging ta taflwetarthscugh = prosouto dea ‘Salta alas ailatclly stp th low of cong water fo comrestors pt coolers non tha mnie ate, Fatiore of cooling-water prescure or eases ve water sucka! temzrature rl sound on alarm ana chit dona te wi avolters are provid with softy valves, aur-presouto gages, bloWoll valves, Eni cormattion® to to waloadr oF peossute contol, Wo vain shouldbe paved [Been tha campreacor find woceider, andthe ale Velocity athe line S#caL8 Belted ts 1000 fom, HIRE PROTECTION 18 Combustion, or fze, ts detined asa chemical process, accompanied by tho (aluton of heat,” ‘Shore ate two ways to exiagushsfize, One metisd 1s {Oley the temperate of the banning aubatans below fis temperature of ‘ormbuston; ths ther Seto exclude the supply of oxygen from the semoopoere EPdostat wath ue Barring abatance Hiporoedes 6/29/88 sapere HaQiEs EET GeueraL, PRINCSLESvice Pins ‘Turtines and Buse FIRE PROTECTION (Continued) ‘Brom the otandytat of the contral or eingshisent, scoepied aiandand prac CLASSIFICATION fse divides Hise inks threo goneral classes deolgmated as fellows! clase ig Roraras abectnicaL BQUEMENT on sronice COMPAR tans polls, con septal, and wana here queacliy nd cooky” Erbet of quanes of watar, of of solutions coming lao auanaoe Stimatan, Soe of at anor ince age cs arm ee edenatie Boats, sen ago aoe, eae ofa Seinganlny agit sf tre! smporanse ene C. Class Cites are thee involving electrical equipment, such a8 generors iclors, seftchbaards, ola, where the use ofe nonconducting ings Spon! 18 of rst imporianes. Ore Sheen genta n oa See emngentngrai wg ence tere, C Sianerite odliacus rman coatice, tate! Ete US Gees nee ee freer aie tannemeedt ae ee ee SCTE or CGA ape ples pao nus ae ae rie, © pet ce in ee oa ea octane ates a de cea Be pale nl Sat Se ere eee 2 Eee icearecmnh ks Meat Ravers, Gawain sare. GC frator or motor housing ed the iotGreannected duote shotla be cbiained fre eect ie ener ect eee SS Seat ee re oi mega, i “The carbon oxide fre-extingulshing system shouldbe in accord with Under- ‘Frlters Sapiara fo, 12and denast of tie fallowing: ae or more So-poume SE Spee ale gud cat dee Uy precy = etree ‘ites leven with lac iange soi nthe seaciin hasig. Huse ‘Bia Ghe machin & gotectoc ens ingle orp of epider sipmatie © c ‘len and oller decin ivorwesion cee Siguze 18. ‘Sigures 10 and 20 show a ‘peal esrb dons ngusting Sfsten Gpeictpe roating lests- SE achies ate reac by euirest rsh or aldo intern peo ‘edn ae deoesibed st Paragtarb 9.28 21 Of etorage and ot puriier soame are protected by an aularalie opener Syotuas lowed by Sn aulanae eared lcaidevolal Mooeingspeten he hinge epreklde eyetm Ie devsqnod to cont tha tal ot baening ai to Slew. {a faeh pont im s miraine, Sedisaly exawausehing the Ramo, Uaiees stoped Span ofan te cee) ale end of Web mite diy ie sven oka th wate! spre. Tenet ts eran Sede ita a ai rn wil sac “inter supply tothe Toom sorikdor systom, clove ill re door and ioe, 0 stp the outage. ‘Sas of eprnker paso thong oleate of he be ink i soviater {ie dele roley nich eloases te corbon Glide.” When the eatton lode 32/00 Bephrseden 5/20/56‘Turbines and Pune iso. 9 Seton. ssnvies Pinos 5 {HIRE PROTECTION (Continued) cylinders are omply the lire sysiom is shut down awaiting the arrival of per~ ‘SBanel ffon the cagtrol pont Desig: deals of Ge water Sriaier system are ‘covered iz Figure 21, til ths carbor sosige loll owaingsyatam te Rgare 22 Water spray is te fine extngtshing wediun wed for protection of eatoor OUTDOOR Gansiormets, ‘The baie futon is ‘goal the bal of sto teow the aah TRANS. him through its cooling fect raior tan tosmoner bn fame fog or” FORMERS A. Trastormere located aiecen toh powerplant ae ned ya Saed at EBB ieay Sree ni Barer gare tfar" Powel Eperaed valve located fle of le St” ‘hs elpe ciel sien 12 esehie be maa cnt tomy at ny hea ool toa as having wt apetine Fiber wis enc ee aoa pay east Se is tga claro canaoe 1s See teh oy steels Gretta os ua Sa ay Core Seas Re ME aS Ee dang conls at Phares SPSL Gul edllaes a i 1B. Doyen eis menos eet gesiy Exo ciwietiuaaieicuctaeagie a ee ee SEG Ste Saar taihe te, acne: satin ae vasied elow tse Got Line” These underground ankl are eoqurigod by gan glared in eylindera.”‘Theso ane way be Sled bp truce i ne focal gupply of water 1s avaiable. lance cf te ged ‘hough the fone line twitches will aeivate te water spray system lnfoor fransformers are normally ether ofthe air-cooled or nonflawmsable ‘INDOOR ckerel typo and do.net require special five protacice anwar. Gtior sea {Goes redtiving protection should be protected ty 9 carbon Gorda toa flood FORMERS “yom ae ouined on Figure 2 End released by thermoswitshes as Jos= crhbed is Figure 18. ‘ter and carbon lose are used throughoat the powersian! busing 22 Bug ‘Brovownguishigg mocums. ‘Tigo equpiert sod be diswibutes About VTEIUORS fea so Uf acy re canbe aiciy swore. Gary shod ta ken, {eialctnbele extingualing equipment so thats fre et some partowar point ‘filet prevent access tobe exioguung equpment. Heal porte oe" hats of carbon iene should be provided fr sal! iciplent res, Twiselodeutpment Shou be load at stratgie ports to Seach ret [bested at pote tall Se ccceseto ad gw nassran coverage. | ‘cied hse reeg sould be placed a comenjent locations to sorte & mune Ser-afhgdrane,” or equipment and dasign information see Figure 2h (Qutdoor areas shouldbe protected by fire hydrants and wheeled ose reels. OUTDOOR, So Rose a. ‘ABERS MATERIAL AND BOUPWENT SCHEDULES ‘To assure unttorm gyate tought each plant iis customary lo re- MATERIAL ates material ochedie (Figune 2p) which cummivizes he material ana’ SCHEDULES Elaseof pe and stings to 80d tll eation-service siping systemschap, $ Sutonn service Piping ‘Dovbins and Pompe 3.27 © MATSRIAL AND BQUIPMBNT SCHEDULES (Cortina) MECHANICAL .27 The mocharical equipment schedule (Figure Z7) ete all acharioal eqipment, EQUDENT exclusive of pipin eid instrument, raquised fc a specie plat and cutee SCHEDULES ovation, quatty, size, paver requlramaals, and ther information required indoeige, INSTRUMANT .25 The instrument schedule (Figure 28) is a sting ofall instrumante requzed SEHEDULES "fore epeine sworn, is used iy tw deans, ad by te opoeson for ‘Shlacemert obdosinge [PIAING — .29 Control valves ofthe piping ojstom ara denied by nameplates (Figure 32) Daca.“ GENE rt UG atc es es yon” Bias ee oo neva outs dae ae i Ree pee Manone A. Tie ames ano (pe 8D ie tinge anepaoe een en Dee yates Bevan GINS ea Slates. Sastan pigtng samepints ens snece of laminates phenol reaie ‘hoot With lac of hou tiefaae and white lettore a epeciSed on Pigwe 92 fitted "Sandara Nameplans. Mourting ot B,_Namsplates aro momted on pipe adjacent tothe idetitied valve withthe Nemoplates ‘os of the nameplate normal tte Line 5 igh. Figure 32 showe the ‘Bandara mated of mounting nameplates 5 ping systems prawmnes © PIPING 90 "The piping diagram (Figures £9 and 4) isa singlo-inn drawing ofthe piping DUAGRAMG “"” system placed on an ouline drawing of th balding to chow the appronrane, TDcation of all componoer pasta of tis ayetam witin tho mito otto coawing. is the major source of iormtion for tho preoaration of ppl layout dea ing, and itis also convonient for the powersient operator in determining te {oeations of valves ant the srection of “he sw in apse, eh owe x saw on pte ara, ace Sesame Scat fone ten Sarna Cees) Seo ete C SS Soy tn cot spt wa eee eee a sts ‘eile ie ce Cate ce tg etd eat bein he SSIS PSh Wiser ober ecltnert sel to indeed by aad ape CSS ules teseaeutee be Weasels sts) SSS Ope Sonia sah teats cea, PIPING 51. "The piping ayost drawing (Figures 88 and 800 is primarily a sketch drawing of LAYOUIB ""» anaseembly of piping and relates squpmen, showing its Location im neato to fo tne of ton balling. Th chiet vane of the drawing ts to obviate interfer. fence between pipes, with ater equipment or with tne bundig. The following ‘les should be obeetved fn preparing a piping yout drain igng —A,_Bzuipmant and ppiny shouldbe dimenatoned primavly from tiling lire, uenatone De8.8 = 11/29/11 (Suporos 2pys0)a8 AMINES (inne Ds erg snmtine fen ad sown eet aes wre te Lams See semper ern cere SSe Cnn wean Ce cmanai gern m qerom crecton sb be shor ese Bll ‘Unlensions between balding lines Dimensions 1 A pense mowed an eed ee, an cca av ns Depts am angaras oes poate esos nner oen Alesina Seo Sugeest basher eee ee, Bo 7. nara ln tne ends bere a a fw ruin retreat terms Sar Seep Sie oe eer 2s fen Aneto ree Supine igi Se rt st ‘drwwings, snd all piping detail drawings covering the layout ehould be indi- Reference cain pean od ree orcad exetae std ars | Be 2 Sesion gn SY an 2a nannageta deine ES baling ov of porn ieee ‘chocated shut, slown angriied in nce iti be coling DETAR Gecrl rmunnge may selase two 2 DRAWINGS Sie ls on‘ ie cn nesting wl cron 2 ancie- ig sip, ping shoud be Conetay deste, ond el Uaensicns SMbotey BY caurledlos fa ensclon anon be shown: “ho following Pass ‘Should be observed in preparing Piping doit drawings! F, ‘All dimensions aad data nacessary forthe fabeiogtion and erection of each Fubyleation ‘autor of te pang sysam shouldbe cleaniy shown wBisclce CConpections to equipment should ba dimensioned from the centerline of the Bqulpment Seupnenr Siemans ‘Fice-tovase dimensions fr all valves shold te shown, Allouencee for Valve & Gasket ‘Bakers abe be insientad by symbol apd mention, ‘Biscrsions 0 fee welds abot be Taestad to allow for ted adjustment of pipe length, F {iu Grisalilon of Mange should be plainly maroc ‘Bach ioce of pipe ehould be slataly mevhod wita a number composed of the Niaxing Erswing sushde'an the apd of 'whioh ta pecs Is docigrsted on tha e ‘drawing, ao 1000002." [elke maar, salyas should be Gesignatea bythe Westfiaton lester f Bangers by le letter Hy and aceelianaoue equpmant auch a Sisnere, pumps, te te ltt 8. id Welds anger numbers corregpaading i tose on the banger drawing show be Bangor hoa, eng Ranges nat mounted on nansts pu be located ose Paves ace graph 8.38), aus of stern, emir to Figures 90 and 40, olde prepare for tho Ble of ‘lpg cetall craig. Those bile ndteate Uw proper class cf ning a2 Material ‘bey iy he matrii scheiate (Utgue By ent Le gecua op give, hoger and esac quien wt te Feoured ners (Gee'Gieo tbperagraph # stow.) ‘Ts nls of material srveas ti st of yar. Beeiroedes 6/20/88‘9.088 hsp, 9 Satloneservice Ps ‘Tupbines ant Pune ‘DRAWINGS (Contied) rapt ammeter ren a ea phar tomsin gum es ermine ans 4, Branch lines connected to long pipe nos or Retders, should tave suttctent Haft t accommadate mSvewents tue is tampatature changas WiNDut Svoretressing actors or connections ve culo RABEDDED- .39 ‘Tho ombedtod-olping drawing (Figure 1) shows all entedded drsinage and PIPING DRAWINGS of Bape Joins & Fitings Dimensions 2 Eleations Horzontal ‘Bane Dein srrensies sata San Placement oF Babedies ‘Bie ere. HANGERS noon: Detais of Tanger senate of Eanes Anchors ‘Eowseering lines titi te iste © bulong.” Tog drawing is used fer oe {EELlae of icbeddad piping curing tne pagament cf concfete, Where fom ‘Samilable, embeadod sneer may lco'be shown cm tows deaingy. The ale [eeing Tuleh ahou Se observed in te preparation of embesied-pgtig arwings A. Allpising noud ba stown t nominal alamatar by ho Ressyueigh nes with fhe blag coneneta anon in ight nes 1B, All bell or mubsand-opigot Jott pipe should be shown with jints spaced to” ale ad a Bah GR ay rade. VAI is SERS ts .Allpige shoud ne Locate by dtmansions from the building lines and by D._orluental runs of piping should shown to the slope specified. 1B, Drain trencne in the ico shouldbe indicated, but not dimensioned 1. Sanltary drains should not be shown, G. Piping say be embeded in oor glahs on od or ta mass concrete, In fips soou be ombados ip the middle urd ta Wall Uselly, pigs camer should not exceed 10 poncent of ta wall tckness fo" ‘ede Yuna end 20 percent for borizaial Puss. 4 The hanger drawing (Figure (2) tows yea angers ured ns lg Te ‘augers are dota covipletaly, so at tay ray be hbricated Wiusut addl- ESI dott.” Deattng ales Ste se aiows |A, ech nanger steal be detated in aecondance wlth etaaara structural prec idee, sxcapt tia rece one pe of hanger can be uses for asveral Bie HLS Sh gly Secide damensiae for sass Gpe of anger, nay bewsed {pace of elparee drains. . DB. Haogere should nave ample strength to support to pipe under at exoested Poulan, and Should appear safe and sturdy after instalation, (Anchors shouldbe designed to reoia all tempersture and other stresses, fo'ar i seouriet movement to a mixin aay ‘Siosrsedes 5/2.eo Pint chav. 8 Satins WEIGHT OF EMBEDDED PIFRIG ‘Durbin and p Fig. Is Far. 81 f08-U-901 s4uD1d somo 91414981205 0KH ONIdid G3GG38W3 40 LHOIAM ‘901-LiNn vas 1HOIaM codon oodtoe oct oogor oo02 oooe ooo wajshs a-|—---waysts [Suidid ebou0s0-—] (burdid busso40mun 008 oO o Sy= a9uyHOsi0 spss-nurbines and Bu Chap. 8 Satlon-sanvios Piping [UNIT WEIGHT OF EXPOSED PIPING Pig, 1b Par. 81 vor-a-901 s4uoid Jemog 2114981905044 com ONidid G3S0dx3 40 LHOI3M LINA ‘$81 0001 1 4No13% oe tk te oF Oka °, = ove coe — eee oo 3 ‘00! rat ooo z cost a 3 oo aes eos’ a fe ont oon o| oo 008 oo ove oa & e é & 549 wi sbs0y2sia Hun s/aapsechao, § Stations LL HANDLING S¥STEN--BWITCHYARDG AND SUBSTATIONS lg. 2a Pan, 3.5 ovseyeshap. 8 Sation-sorvice Piping ‘Torbings and Pumps Fig. 2 Par. 3.6 ‘TYPICAL PIPIIG MANIPOLD--O1L, PURIFIER ROOM i i 4 5/29/58-toshines and Dumps. Shap. 3 Sation-service Piping (O1L STORAGE TANKS--OUTDOOR, ig, 8 Pee, tA INDEX-STANDARD TRANSFORMER OIL STORAGE TANKS-FABRIGATED PLATE STEEL vent vale conten ae pF =" Lodder--. ~anhole -Htonhole Grou te emrle Wena mone oranne Joaracry Purse) pen] SELES sean BS], SEWER EE] |e |_No_| esters | om FHS Alga] "aate™ Se (82) eMart 2 oro] 000 fae [ele tere [e joo-sen| 2,000 Fhe foo-4e%s) 4,000 or ao [#22 [a2 | s20 jso-0-4010) £000 ee 300 [#2 To.0 [ee o-0-e918| 7,000 = sa [500 [S52 [10.8 [i000 so-0-«to] 0,000 veowo |e eo [soo [#5 [ie [ieoo j4o-v-4e06| 12,000 a ieisio | @ 3 [eso [249 Jiee [ico : F is so-0-a887| 14,000 iereeo |e oe os [230 [#82 [iwe |ieeo j-0- 1500) 17,000 ¥ vesseso |e ae a2 [ose [262 fee [isso svo-a0er| 20,000 Wer [ele veasoo [8 ee aa [no [285 [ene [evoo average 0” trot penetration ond 4000 Ibe per eq FL soll presaure Tos-b-228 5/29/88[FLUSHING CONNECTION--O1L SYSTEM Fig. 4 Par. 3 “Rod and clamp wrench; handle shall be Ground level ‘polio 40 pipe when valve is open Furnish 2 per yord) od Tee hondle cut to fit in rodbox Crurnish 1 per box! End of Supply header Return header ‘om onion Return header ~ Under 24° 1.P5,~Use screwed Yee insteod ‘of threaded welding outlet. O Supoly header ~ 24° ond over PS. -Use flanged Fittings, UNDERGROUND OIL” PIPING ACT BATTED 5/29/56Cha, $ Saton-serviee Pisin Fle, 6 Par, 8.8 ‘TyPICAL Nore: swan 5318-50 ori 2d torn To te used on troneformer beoler"conectins detec! leouage ‘Fol rough 9 portly ‘pen valve Brose goge cack of creat TYPICAL. TELL-TALE COCK . 106-0" sy29ystushinas ant cies 2 Sstisncaarsica Dit C ‘YPICAL SCAVENGING SUMP--OIL SYSTEM Fg. 6 Per. 8.6 = ase cmetion with op Foote wenn Sng | PEAT F Swing chook. Bin fge--— Welding neck Hage o se 1 Welding cop. [Min 3 pipe doncters TYPICAL SCAVENGING “SUMP. Foe eiteyaré ra ebstatlen vederyeund lines 40-b-5290‘Turbines and Pam hn, § Saton service Pisine Fe. a Pas. 987 FLEXIBLE CONNECTION-OI, PIPIIG 70 ELECTRICAL ERUPAENT voles eco te “rae pe ie avers sec saat tte fe wt ot Tenens Pt nae cit eer cate ne va age Sait To. taning Sohn ELEVATION Stee se ghsloigboshing Brant tog peTaIL FLEXIBLE HOSE CONNECTION ‘Bony ible bore enforce,” i senne ie bad tea ve FLEXIBLE CONNECTION Ol PIPING To evecT ICAL Eaulenent _196-D-216 says‘urbines end Pumps ‘Chap. 5. Station-cervice vine FLEXIBLE CONNECTION--WATER PIPING TO RLECTRICA\ MENT Fig. To Par. 8. G iit POWERPLANT anna " Tronsfermer Gote wwe Fest tai nseqeen-— ese Coating eal =a ELEVATION neuletiog busing 7 Seat lve Bron. aster (nsuce [Forged ster footing Flange Brome fleibe hose wah bone wre Br eshing Wester“ egal Tinstiatord DETAIL FLEXIBLE HOSE CONNECTION FLEXIBLE connection WATER PIPING TO ELECTRICAL, EQUIPMENT 060-19 sy2oseFig 8 Far. $F FLEXIBLE CONNECTION-~TRANSEORMER 70 OTL HANDLING SYSTEM Oo “Teltole_ cock {See 106-0-s1 i Transformer ELEVATION NTE: Pige ang fitings 2 inches ot Tess hal bo segues. Peat SWITOHYARDS NO SUBSTATIONS fore sal be. welded ant TYPICAL GONNEGTION Tenge TRANSFORMER aiteet ro ow wanouine. SYSTEM Bi een 6-50 106-03 syarseAutomatic hose counligs of the quct coupling ‘ype with outomattc valves, desigeed 10 lose when uncoupled, stall be supplied on cock fd" of Tne ail bose. Mtening salves nies wth cap ord chal stall te supplied of Sach ives? reaksr ord ot the hydrant {See Roylya ne. eaupling Ne, 1201 ond nipple Ne. 1302.) Volved dose wipe PLAN Angle globe wive RS. Sunny EST Retarn ek vate -is0 tice Pipe saeco iF |, From supply neoder-“; fT return header ELEVATIONS OIL HYDRANT S$. SEN 4-20-08 SERVICE Connections Retronn "5-150 los-D-25si. satssorsice Pinte dn an Bums ig, 10 Par. 8.18, ATR-COMPRESSOR.INSTALLATIONS--EQUIPENT DATA C es oOt uchines and Dum clap. 9 Sition-service Di AIR-COMPRESSOR INSTALLATION--TYPICAL, SLANG AND SLBVAHION (rwo- OR THREE UNE PLANT) Fig. 11 Par. 815 bat } ELevaTiON (TR COMPRESSOR INSTALLATION TyPIOAL PLANS ANO ELEVATION syaaysschap. § Salon service Pits [AIR-COMPRESGOR INGTALLATION--TYPICAL ELEVATIONS (@WO- On PHREE-UNIT PLANT) Fig 12 Per 59 seas‘Turbines and Pumes Chup. 9 Station carve Pinine q a rea IR a oO Hi H b 3 ° - F Hi 2/0/56AIR- COMPRESSOR INSTALLATION-« FIBEAL SCHEMATIC PIDING SAGE AM Fig. 14 Par. 3.14 s/29/s6‘Tosbines and Dumas an. Sitio syaaysa [AIR-COMPRESGOR INGTALLATIONS--DESIGN DATA nM i ! Pig. 18 Par. 8.15 sctea9 wwesssrvice Psine ep. 3. Stet AIR- COMPRESSOR INSTALLATIONS--PIPING DATA Pig. 16 Par. 3.17 soma, fi s/eaysa‘Turbines and Pumes tap. 9 Salina service Polne - GENERATOR ROUSING Am Pace REQURED wiemt ig 17 Par, 8.20 ¢ BGGRG, Cuave woe commas [Overy constuction, witout upper guide beading aco} ‘ach consTostionwith Upper glde bearing 30 _[eonverfonl enatrosion, tee? alr heusegencases breeders on upper 5 6 15 2 140m VoLUme wiTkiN GENERATOR HOUSING IW L000 €it FY. GENERATOR HOUSING esi UG BEVERAENTS sy29yss“nan. 2 Sitton ‘OARBON-DIOXIDE PIRE-BA-TINGUIBHING EQUIPHENT TFOR GENERATORE AND MOTORS ig, 18 Par. 3.20 S ° 59/88 ‘Stporeoces 27260,O Oo ‘Surbines end Puripe Ccuap. 9 Staion-service Di ‘CARBON-DIOHIDE PIRG-EYNNGUISIANG PQUITMENT FOR Pig. 19 Par. 2.26] ‘GENERATORS On MOTORS" “TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS 2yayeo, ‘Sipersedes 5/20/88‘chap. $_Saton-sarvie Pinas ‘Tartine and Bw ig, 20 Par. 3.20 CARBON-DIOMDE HIRE-ExTINJUISHMNG PIPING WARN ‘GENERATOR OR SYPICAL BSTALLATION. zao0 Sipersedes 6/20/88Turbines and Pumas tap. Staton-sariee Pisine PIRE-EXTMGUISHING RQUIPMENT--2E80ELLANEOUS ig. 21 Far, 9.21 2y3ye0, Sipersedes 5/29/568 Sition-service 3 Or RO ROOMS AND VAULTS. Fig 22Pe. 321, ‘Sipersedes 5/29/58 200.° "ARBON-DIOFIDE FIRE GeTINGUISHING SYETEME POR GEE STRATE ‘AND PURIMEN Rochise-PYPIGAL HWTATLASION Pie Fen oa sp2f00 Buperandes 6/20/06srurbines and 2 Chap. 8 station service Pi PIPING DETAILS-~TRANSPORMER PIRE PROTECTION Fig, 4 Par, 9.02 SECTIONS AND DETAILS-“POWERDLANT s I a = sage eer i red pieced meee 50/86ines sD a up. § Station-service Ping PIPING DETALLS--TRANSPORMER FIRE. PROTECTHON--PLAN AND SEOTIONS"-POWERPLANT ig. 25 Per. 8.82 Ene — = ue on ene a z ie I s/29/50‘Purbtses ad Pumps Lomo. 3 station-service Poing POWERPLAND PIPING--MATERIAL SCHEDULE ig. 28 Pe, 3.26 naw fos SIE = x, re or oe PET renner semanas 7 > [w= [eet foes a se Cnn “ areenere sitet aine™ eee Ae = einen a [evcramans fevocmee [res s-2oras Revised sa 5/29/58uswes and Bums "PORBINES AND AUKILIARIES-- MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE Chap. § station-service Pipi ig. 27 Par 8.27 s/20/seee Cap § Stationservice Piping MECHANICAL, SQUIPMENYD--INSTRUMENT SOHEDULE ig. 26 ras, 9.26 zl TERE] eae | ones EL one PS i sraayseurbines and Pumps Chap. 9 Station serving Pasig ‘CONTROL AND SERVICH BAYS--MECHANICAL BQUIPMENT-- ig. 81 Pas, 9.29 ‘NAMEPLATE SCHEDULE POR PIPING SYNE 7 ‘eearion Beas er oearion Tasenion Loearion s/a0s‘Turbines and Pare, STRAINER DRAIN STRAINER ORRIN FIRE PROTECTION WATER, SUPPLY Nesom rare (STANDARD NAMEDLATES [POWER PLANT SONTROL ROI ABCOEFGHIJKLMN: ABODEFSHIJKLMNOP | emer er at one ee ]@ CONTROL ~8 = 1/22/11 (Supersedes 6/09/80) my £ hap. 8 statlon-sorvioe Piping ig. 52 Par. 8.294 SaCian, § sutionservie Pip ‘Turbines nd Pumps ‘POWERPLANT PIPING--IRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT, PIPING DIAGRAM Fig, 99 Par. 5.50 weiawia On Jyh rh é o sreais6crap. 4 station service Pit ig. 4 Pan, 8.90 -nusbises and Pumps, PIPING SYMBOLS--SCHEMATIC DIAGRAS se cate be PR het be 5 ti oe aE Aap vet “Be Le Si oe AEH Ste oct Ge toe yO 1 Tine ny “To Fort Pg Se Foor Wer Ble Fst arta ve ese Ge cg Ps Ce Perea -© Fagus sos Bs ageaHe*s - ae te TF Gowtritegor Pomp “ser nee oe sre “Ss stone “ae mate ste ae > et rate ot meee root Hine ONE te # epeows “Do pes er cin? “c= ne et oe mer (GA ee ie er ts 2 darn OB mew ne sama ow sh Fo nea oe 800 or tect oe Sit Do ra eres er Ge Rr cts source B® ocnaye 1 Stoo 3 tae canine H+ OSOoe com Su moe F raw sitrHe Futter rete 0) ‘sans mt! ith ‘hae sao on try a with Wnts ca ny PIPING STANDARDS - SYMBOLS 5/20/58 C‘Tusbines and Pumps, inp, 3 Statlon-service Fping POWERPLANT PIPING--PIPING LAYOUT Pig. 85 Par. 9.31 ote ot Td(chap. § sution-cervice Piping Turbines and Dump Fig. 88a. 931 PIPING SYMBOLS--PHREADED PIPE AND FITTINGS--SINGLE-LINE c At scene siping oe showy 08 she te, ‘seit lage ace des Etbom 90". ses =“ EOF 8K ee Elton = Se eaten “3 te ae ae ee = C rats. ie ae dn. ss Redcar Coc nn eter = Ett eB Show som bit own nopororie viw Gate. seceeeceennnee OE e+ GB nn TB c Aa tn RQ oe - ee Plug - Flot ee ADR Or 40F 40 TROMENTS use schanotieeymbo! to scle Graphics’ Symbols asa 2509 ee For SPEC. vaLyes sno posses Reterac PIPING STANDARDS - SYMBOLS 5/29/68‘Turbines and Pumps. Chap, 8 sttion-sorvice Piping SUPDLE, SeIG Dera NSA Pig. $7 Par, 2.97 : *, a |) Say geo =: a oO 7 . fi - * e Cc ® - syessurbines apd Bumps MATS a Fig. $0 Par, 9.32 = BILL_OF WATERIAL TREAT eS r veri stan“, Soeate ONT. 2] a. [ptr sinh at tctohy oo fetanhwtdig et -9585h-P1 a] 5 [ARE CREDO SEIS ranges (one iio! fan ts Flange band 95) OS Oe ad aie cere ere = | fees Za " us | 2 ete ME a BO'ng, tor ete, soon, a at hia ete | out anima LID Wut, for Sook, 160-poue 2 | tue eases jure, “A= Pom . Jeane, copa etait on De vs | 1 |e aan, we per sotesd stags 3s | 1 | Pine mua, 00 per asta “oe! ome 211 pige angers forse Se eo Teareree‘ciup. § station-service Pit ‘pertines aod Pum ig 40 Par, 3.92 LINES, MARKS, AND BILLS OF MATERIAL. ES} patsng tees ———_Ewismant ——— Pio trnisned under lying contract Piping not furnished on iping coiract Future pig ond equlpnent, tomporory arlleeate position Pi-P2-~ ees Pie and fittings wove Stee valves ElE2~ ee.s Equipment iclsing pomp strains iene ete Hoare The following nore sll appear on eta érowings: “works npnarag hereon stall be praceded by te droning sumter ofthis sheet” Evomple: 3354-73 \LUS oF MATERIAL Gills of moteia! shell ste the above merks arecedee by tHe Acowing somber oa ahizh the pipe line, hanger, ef thar equpmen? ie detalleg Sills of meteriok shell show the proper material specifications, tnd ehen the items are purchosed te procrament specification or iouitotion umber shall be eased tame soll be cescribed on grouped onthe Gills of otal acoreing ta ater speifictins sit, and Kin, a» oar 0 pseble tothe sezription voauires inte protrsmantpesiticgtons or Bills of meteciat shall bear the seme number os the pising Atoll deawieg, preceded by the eters "Bin place of the leter"D* ‘Example? Droving Ne 1060-86 Bill 9f Material: 10884-0186 Foe sample of Bill af Material (106 st-0-Hs) see Fig 9, Pec m6 of vole Z, Turknes ond Poms, Oesign Spslemest Nas PIPING STANDARDS LINES, MARKS, AND B/¥ O° syaayss‘Turbines end Pumps chap. § Sutton gervice Pips Cc 'POWERPLAWE PIPMIG- AKA NOLLDIE syaa/ss