Neutrality: entered into by the states – being neutral during war, not siding on either belligerent

There is no necessity for a treaty entered into being neutral.

It has the obligation to abstain from participation of war.

Absolute neutrality: PH is not neutral, in times of war.

Territory state cannot be used by belligerents.

Election law:
1. Before the election
2. During the election
3. Post election period

A class of its own: Art 9 Par C – speaks of COE. The powers of COE – enforce and implements the
election law. It is an independent class on its own.

President can pardon election offenses if there is a favourable suggestion by the COMELEC.

Sources:
1. Omnibus election code
2. Constitution

RA 8189: registration

Election is a manifestation of republicanism.

Qualification, election returns: Poe v tecson, Poe-llamanzares v COMELEC: post-election issues
Jurisdiction of COMELEC: Exclusive original and appellate jurisdiction
If you are questionng a winning candidate before RTC. Quo-warranto proceedings (you gained
knowledge after the election, file within 5 days from proclamation) is under original jurisdiction of RTC.

Senate electoral tribunal:

Presidential electoral tribunal

Registration is now optional.

Absentee voting act: macanlintal v comelec

Filing of candidacy