CAUSES OF FAILURE:

THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

1857
 Causes
1. Lack of Leadership and Discipline. There was
no leader who could single handed lead all the
groups
2. Lack of Unity among the freedom fighters
3. The freedom fighters lacked resources of all
types. They were short of not only war
equipment but food stuffs as well
4. Superior technology of English troops, the
British fought with latest weapons
Cont.
5. Non-cooperation of the rulers of the States,
The rulers of different states of Indo-Pakistan
did not come to the help of the freedom
fighters
6. The Sikhs of the province of Punjab considered
the Muslims as their traditional enemies. Thus
they decided to support the British in the war
of Independence
7. The British succeeded in finding certain traitors
in the ranks of the freedom fighters
Cont...
8. Bahadur Shah, the Indian King, had no
experience of fighting a war
9. Punjab, Sind and Kashmir sent their troops to
help the British
10. British army was highly organized, trained,
disciplined and experienced
11. Hindus were not much interested in the war
because even if they had won the war, they
would come again under a Muslim domination
 PROCLAMATION/DECLARATION OF
1858
• Queen Victoria was reigning in England during
the revolt
• The Queen’s proclamation incorporating the
transfer of governance from East India
Company to the British Crown was made public
at Allahabad on November 1, 1858 by Lord
Canning, the first viceroy of India
• The proclamation promised that the
government of India would :
Cont...
1. Follow a policy of Non-intervention in social
and religious matters of Indians
2. Treat all subjects – Indians and Europeans – as
equals
3. Grant a general pardon to all those who had
taken part in the revolt except those who
were found guilty of murder of British
subjects
4. Do it’s best to advance the industries in India
Cont...
1. Follow a policy of Non-intervention in social
and religious matters of Indians
2. Treat all subjects – Indians and Europeans – as
equals
3. Grant a general pardon to all those who had
taken part in the revolt except those who
were found guilty of murder of British
subjects
4. Do it’s best to advance the industries in India