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Basic English to Translation Course By Razibul Hoq Raz Page |1
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এটি স্রষ্টারই ইচ্ছা বা মর্জি যে আপনাদের সাদে আমার একটি সুন্দর সম্পকি হদে োদচ্ছ৷ এটি সর্েিই একটি আশ্চে িজনক র্বষে় যে
পৃর্েবীদে যকাটি যকাটি মানুষ আদে োর মধ্য যেদক আপনাদের সাদে আমার পর্রচে় হদে চলদে৷ ব্যাপারটা কাকোলীে় হদে পাদর
েদব সবার সাদে র্কন্তু হদচ্ছ না। যকবল আপনাদের সাদেই হল৷ আর্ম জার্ন আপনারা সৎ আর আপনাদের মাো র্পোরা ও সৎ৷ যে
ন্যিনেম র্ি টা আপনারা আমাদক র্েদে়দেন যসটি আপনাদের হালাল ইনকাম, হালাল উপাজিন , হয় আপনার নে়দো আপনার মাো-
র্পোর৷ োই আপনাদের র্পেদন শ্রম র্েদে় আর্ম এই টাকাটা আমার জন্যও হালাল করদে চাই৷ আপনারাও আপনার মাো র্পো
র্কিংবা আপনার কষ্টার্জিে উপাজিদনর মে িাো অক্ষুন্ন রাখদবন েোেে পর্রশ্রম কদর আর যের্েদকদটে হদয়৷এটা আমার অনুদরাধ৷
একটি সুন্দর সুষ্ঠু সৎ সাবলীল মাধ্যদমর মধ্য র্েদে় আমরা র্িক্ষা যেে়া ও যনে়া যক কাে িকর ও সিল কদর তুলদবা J এটাই যহাক
আমাদের অঙ্গীকার।
সবদিদষ আমার সম্পদকি র্কছু কো, আর্ম যকান ব্যবসা বা প্রর্েষ্ঠান খুর্লর্ন, আমাদক আপনারা আপনাদের েদর একজন যখদট
খাওে়া র্েনমজুর ভাবদে পাদরন৷ আমার ভুল ত্রুটি র্কিংবা যেদকাদনা অন্যাে় আচরণ দৃর্ষ্টদ াচর হদল , যের্খদে় র্েদবন ক্ষমা করদবন৷
আপনাদের যিখাদনার স্বাদে ি আমার যেে়া োবেীে় র্ভর্েদয়া ও র্পর্েএি িাইলগুদলা আপনাদের কাদে আমানে র্হদসদব র্ের্চ্ছ। র্বনা
অনুমর্েদে এগুদলা যকাোও যিে়ার কদর যসই আমানদের যখে়ানে করদবন না, এই র্বশ্বাস রাখর্ে।
বেসসক ইংসলশ টু ট্রান্সললশন
Facebook: Razibul Hoq Raz YouTube: Today’s Just Now Contact: 01628540803
লেখক ও নির্বাহী সম্পাদক

মানসক এনিট ানিয়াে নিউজ
Class 1(E)
WH Word related Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
✓ A relative pronoun functions as a word that links two clauses into a single
complex clause.
✓ It is similar in function to a subordinating conjunction.
✓ Unlike a conjunction, however, a relative pronoun stands in place of a noun.
ক োন নোউন সম্পর্ ে বিস্তোবিত নতুন ক োর্নো িযোখ্যো বির্েষণ কেযোি জনয নোউন এি হর্য , নোউন ক
ইবিত র্ি , নোউন সম্পর্ ে বিবিন্ন িযোখ্যো বির্েষণ িণে নো ির্ত এ থোয চোমচোবম ির্ত িযিহৃত
হয relative pronoun৷
কেখ্োর্ন কেিোর্ি ির্স চোমচোবম র্ি:

যাদেরপররবদতে Person হলল Thing হলল Place Time Reason
বদে
Subject who/that which/that
Object who/whom/that which/that where when why
Possessive whose whose Place Time Reson
(at (on (For

which) which) which)
WHO
• “Who” refers to people

• Can act as the subject or the object(in spoken english) of
the relative clause
এখ্োর্ন দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন

a) The president is 50 years old.
b) He is a friendly a man.
The president who is 50 years old, is a friendly man.
বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন

1. Your teacher does not discriminate her students.
2. She teaches you English.
(Your teacher who teaches you English does not discriminate

her students.)
It is also possible to combine these two sentences in another way:
(Your teacher, who does not discriminate her

students, teaches you English.)
বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন

1. My mother is clumsy.(নড়েলড়)
2. She broke her arm last week.
• My mother, who is clumsy, broke her arm last year.

• My mother, who broke her arm last year, is clumsy.
More Examples:
1. He who overcomes his anger subdues (শাটয়স্তা কিা, দমি

কিা, ঠান্ডা কিা) his greatest enemy.
2. He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.
3. The man who makes no mistakes does not usually

make anything.
WHOM
“Whom” refers to person when the person is the
object of a verb
Examples:
1. She’s the woman whom I met in Greece.
লস হটে লসই মনহো যাি সাটে আনম নিটস সাক্ষাৎ কটিনিোম।
2. They demanded a huge ransom for the return of the little
girl whom they had kidnapped.
লিাট্ট লমটয়টিটক যািা নকিিযাপ কটিনিে তািা তাটক লেিত লদয়াি জিয নর্শাে র্ড়
এমাউন্ট মু নিপণ দানর্ কটিটি।
3. The author whom you criticized in your review has written a
reply.
তুনম লয লেখকটক লতামাি মতাদটশব সমাটোচিা কটিনিটে লস লতামাটক একটি
প্রতুযত্তি’’ নেটখটি।
WHOSE
“Whose” refers to possessions of people, animals
বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন:

1. A new boy attended the course.
2. His eyes are stunning.
(A new boy whose eyes are stunning, attended the course.)
1. England is a beautiful country.
2. Its capital city is London.
(England, whose capital city is London is a beautiful country.)
More Examples:
1. She’s the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.
2. I felt great pity for the woman whose baby died.
WHICH
➢“Which” refers to animals and objects.

➢Can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause

a) I saw a black dog.
b) It brings bad luck.
(I saw a black dog, which brings bad luck.)

a. This museum was built in 1689.
b. It is a significant landmark of this village.
(This museum, which is a significant landmark of this village, was

built in 1689.)
(This museum, which was built in 1689, is a significant landmark of

this village.)
More Examples:
1. The wisdom of nations lies in their proverbs, which are brief and
pithy.(র্নেষ্ঠ, শাাঁসাটো, সটতজ)
2. Laws are like cobwebs,(অনত সূ ক্ষ্ম এমি নকিু ) which may catches small
flies(মানি), but let wasps and horns break through.
3. Never leave that until tomorrow which you can do today.
THAT
→ “That” refers to people, things, and animals

→ Can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause
Examples:
1. The love that is too violent will not last long.
2. It’s a poor mouse that has only one hole.
3. Tom bought the apples that the man was selling.
4. It is a good horse that never stumbles. (লহাাঁচ খাওয়া);

Basic English to Translation Course By Razibul Hoq Raz P a g e | 10
WHAT
➢“What” refers to ‘the things which’

➢কে বিষযটি/কে বজবনসটি
➢It does not refer to a noun that comes before it.
➢এটি তোি পূ র্িে িোর্ য উর্েবখ্ত ক োন noun ক ইবিত র্ি
নো িো এি পূ র্িে ক োন noun ির্স নো৷
➢িিং স্বযং এটি ই িোর্ যি সোির্জক্ট িো অির্জক্ট পবজশর্ন
ির্স থোর্ ৷
➢এইজনয এটির্ nominal relative clauses িলো হয৷
➢Nominal Relative Clauses: In nominal relative
clauses, the relative pronoun acts like a NOUN +
RELATIVE PRONOUN TOGETHER.
More Examples:
1. What you need is a good night sleep." (= The thing you need is a
good night sleep.)
2. "We don't know what to do." (= We don't know which things to do.)
3. "You know what to do." (= You know which things to do.)
4. What she said made me cry. (Here what and its clause act as the
subject of the verb made.)
5. We can’t give you what you need. (Here what and its clause act as
the object of the verb give.)
6. Don’t put off what you can do today till tomorrow. (put off-মু েতনর্
কিা)
7. Pardon me – I didn’t hear what you said.
Fused Relatives vs. Embedded Interrogatives
Embedded wh clauses can have the function of fused relatives and

embedded interrogatives.
(Free, Fused Or Nominal (Embedded Interrogative)

Relative)
I enjoyed [what I read in the Can you tell me [what you
book]. are looking for]?.
আবম িইটির্ত েোই পব়ি/ কেসি তুবম আমোর্ িলর্ি ব তুবম ী
বিষয পব়ি তো আবম উপর্িোগ খ্ুুঁ জ িছ িো ব র্সি কখ্োুঁজ
বি। িছ?
🔲Free, Fused Or Nominal Relative: an independent relative clause,

or (in traditional grammar) a noun clause.
A free relative clause is a type of relative clause (that is, a word group
beginning with a wh-word) that contains the antecedent within itself.
⚪What=the thing which,
⚪ Who=the person who,
⚪Where=the place where,
⚪When=the time when ,etc.
• I enjoyed [what/the things which I read in the book].

• [Who/The people who wrote this] must be a genius.
• I enjoyed [whatever I read in the book].
• [Whoever wrote this] must be a genius.
Free relative constructions are inherently defying/restrictive.
free, fused or nominal relative construction.[19] This kind of relative

construction consists of a relative clause that instead of attaching to an
external antecedent—and modifying it as an external noun phrase—is
"fused" with it; and thus a nominal function is "fused" into the resultant
'construction'. For example:
What he did was clearly impossible.
Here "What he did" has the same sense as "that which he did", or "the
thing that he did". Thus the noun phrase the thing and the relative
pronoun that are 'fused' into what; and the resulting relative
construction "What he did" functions as the subject of the verb was.
🔲 Embedded Question/ interrogative:
Sometimes we want to use a question as part of another question or a

statement. This is called an embedded question.
1: We can use embedded questions as part of other questions.

This is sometimes called an indirect question and is often used to be
polite.
• Normal question:
Where is the station?
• Indirect question (that includes an embedded question):
⭕Could you tell me where the station is?
2: We can also use embedded questions as part of statements.

The embedded question is a noun clause and can be used in a similar way
to a noun. For example, we can use it as the subject or the object of the
main clause.
• Normal question:
Where does she work?
• Embedded question in a statement:
I don't know where she works.
• Normal subject question:
Who loves Julie?
• Embedded subject question:
I don't know who loves Julie.
• Normal subject question:
What happened?
• Embedded subject question:
We are trying to find out what happened.
Forming embedded questions

We use the same rules with embedded questions in statements as we do
with embedded questions in indirect questions.
1. If there is a question word(wh-word), we keep it.
2. If there is no question word(but yes/no questions), we use 'if' or
'whether'.
3. We use normal sentence grammar (so we don't need 'do / does /
did').
4. We use normal sentence word order (subject + verb, not the
opposite).
5. We use a full stop and not a question mark at the end of the
sentence.
Here are some examples of verbs that we often use with embedded
questions:
• Wonder: : I wondered who he was. বতবন লক হটত পাটিি মটি মটি নিটজটক প্রশ্ন
কিনিোম/মটি মটি ভার্নিোম। I wonder why she said that.
• Know: They don't know what they're doing.

• Remember: We don't remember where the house is.
• Be sure: I'm not sure when we're going to arrive.
• Find out: Let's find out what time the show starts.
• Think about: She's thinking about how she's going to do it.
• Forget: I've forgotten why I started this.
(এই ক োর্সে ি েোিতীয বিবিও ও বপবিএফ ফোইল আপনোি োর্ছ আমোি আমোনত বহর্সর্ি
িোখ্র্িন। বিনো অনু মবতর্ত ক োথোও কশযোি র্ি এই আমোনর্তি কখ্যোনত ির্িন নো।
আমোনর্তি কখ্যোনত িো অনযোয ও এ টি জঘনয পোপ।)
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Basic English to Translation Course By Razibul Hoq Raz Page |1

বেসসক ইংসলশ টু ট্রান্সললশন

লেখক ও নির্বাহী সম্পাদক

WH Word related Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns Relative Pronouns

✓ It is similar in function to a subordinating conjunction.

✓ Unlike a conjunction, however, a relative pronoun stands in place of a noun.

কেখ্োর্ন কেিোর্ি ির্স চোমচোবম র্ি:

Subject who/that which/that

Object who/whom/that which/that where when why

Possessive whose whose Place Time Reson

(at (on (For

• “Who” refers to people

এখ্োর্ন দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন

The president who is 50 years old, is a friendly man.

বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন

2. She teaches you English.

(Your teacher who teaches you English does not discriminate

It is also possible to combine these two sentences in another way:

(Your teacher, who does not discriminate her

বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন

2. She broke her arm last week.

• My mother, who is clumsy, broke her arm last year.

1. He who overcomes his anger subdues (শাটয়স্তা কিা, দমি

2. He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.

3. The man who makes no mistakes does not usually

“Whose” refers to possessions of people, animals

বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন:

2. His eyes are stunning.

(A new boy whose eyes are stunning, attended the course.)

বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন:

1. England is a beautiful country.

2. Its capital city is London.

(England, whose capital city is London is a beautiful country.)

1. She’s the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.

2. I felt great pity for the woman whose baby died.

➢“Which” refers to animals and objects.

বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন:

b) It brings bad luck.

(I saw a black dog, which brings bad luck.)

বনর্চি দুটি িো য কখ্যোল রুন:

b. It is a significant landmark of this village.

(This museum, which is a significant landmark of this village, was

(This museum, which was built in 1689, is a significant landmark of

3. Never leave that until tomorrow which you can do today.

→ “That” refers to people, things, and animals

1. The love that is too violent will not last long.

2. It’s a poor mouse that has only one hole.

3. Tom bought the apples that the man was selling.

4. It is a good horse that never stumbles. (লহাাঁচ খাওয়া);

➢“What” refers to ‘the things which’

3. "You know what to do." (= You know which things to do.)

7. Pardon me – I didn’t hear what you said.

Fused Relatives vs. Embedded Interrogatives

Embedded wh clauses can have the function of fused relatives and

(Free, Fused Or Nominal (Embedded Interrogative)

🔲Free, Fused Or Nominal Relative: an independent relative clause,

⚪What=the thing which,

⚪ Who=the person who,

⚪Where=the place where,

⚪When=the time when ,etc.

• I enjoyed [what/the things which I read in the book].

Free relative constructions are inherently defying/restrictive.