Paper No. 6416 THE STRESSES IN FOUNDATION RAFTS. I by Deryck Norman de Garrs Allen, M.A., Assoc.I.C.E. Professor of Applied Mathematics, University of Sheffield and Roy Thomas Severn, B.Sc., Ph.D. Lecturer in Civil Engineering, University of Bristol For discussion at an Ordinary Meeting on Tuesday, 9 February, 1960, at 5.30 p.m., and for subsequent written discussion. SYNOPSIS The concrete raft foundation under a building acts as a slab which is sup- ported by an elastic foundation and which carries the weight of the building as downward loads transmitted either through columns, or basement walls, or both. A determination of the bending and twisting moments and of the shear forces in such a foundation demands, basically, the calculation of its transverse deflexion: the aim of this Paper is to describe a simple relaxational method of calculating this deflexion and hence the moments and forces. The method is particularly suited to deal with the conditions which obtain at the foot of a stiff wall along the length of which the foundation settles by a uniform amount. Two examples are treated in this Paper, and others will be discussed in sub- sequent Papers; between them these examples will illustrate various ways in which load may’ be applied to a foundation, through columns and/or external or internal walls. ‘THEORY OF THE DEFLEXION OF A LOADED SLAB ON AN ELASTIC FOUNDATION Wari rectangular axes Oxy in the plane of the unloaded and undeflected slab, its downward deflexion under load is denoted by w(x, ») and satisfies the govern- ing differential equation: DVw=g-kw . 1... 2. @ where V4 = a/axt+ 204 /ax?Oy2-+ OH/ay4 and where D[ = Ed3/12(1 — o2)] is the flexural rigidity of the slab, E being Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and d its thickness; q(x, ») denotes the (downward) intensity of the load at any point, and & is the modulus of the foundation, a constant determined by experimental test. The upward reaction of the soil at any point has intensity kw provided wis positive. Over small regions of the slab w may be negative; in these circumstances the raft Jocally rises above its un- deflected position and loses contact with the soil, In such regions the term kw ‘in equation (1) must be omitted. 35suonnbs Jo 1815 om jo Funystrea ou sossaidxo “pio ain ores on auojzo sures Suh “9 U USN Useg Oaby Jp Us 1 suive Nouvaxnos sv sents mt No NRA aNV NTTY Suruancd suonenbe feNUaI=yIP ayy ‘HOUNAKMT AY puW & SoIgEIEA ae JO Sonpea ureygo 01 PanaTgae u>9q se4{ WOHNIOS v coUO ATNOUHP imo payenyeAa ‘9q Uv quys amp uH suo’ oxy VIB (L)-(6) SUOHENbS Woy yuommcR st af“ “tava ¥ 40 SDNASEY AHL NI (8) 1 6V1S BILL dO AUVONNOW TNRGLINE NV LY SNOLINOD WO+D= = eACHD = WHEW ) suorrenba wou ‘emp PaAsosqo oq Seu! IT :4q°(QI “Big) HHBUD] KM rod yuaRTOM FAS OF oni Queene forthe rn, ey Mee Ye w 2g, vou ant spn ad ema Sap ae wom assed se a ce mhon ou Bs oy cad oun “ai Sunjsua) pur Suspung Jo susay uy passaudxo oxv quis axp UI suOHOL ou, “y ‘AVIS TEL Nt SIOWO! 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