Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Theoretical Framework

While there were many theoretical frameworks that could have been used, the researchers

used two theoretical frameworks. The first theory is Behaviour, it is a manner of behaving or

acting. According to the study of Abraham Maslow it says that human needs form a hierarchy,

from basic physiological demands to the need of self-actualization. Needs at the lower levels

must be reasonably well satisfied before the individual will turn his or her attention to those at

the higher levels (Tutorhunt, 2015).

The second theory is Mental Health issues, it is a health conditions involving changes in

emotion, thinking or behavior. According to the study of Freud, Jung, Eriksson, Kohlberg there

are a lot of theories about mental health issues, it includes Analytical, Behavioural, Cognitive,

and Social theories. The theory that will be going to use is behavioural theory because this theory

is related to the study. According to Watson, Skinner, Pavlov it says that behavioural theories is

also known as behaviourism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are

acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and

B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth

century. Today, behavioural techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help clients

learn new skills and behaviours (Cherry, 2014).

The third and last theory is Motivation, it is a reason for actions, willingness, and goals.

The most recognized content theory of motivation is that of Abraham Maslow, who explained

motivation through the satisfaction of needs arranged in a hierarchical order. As satisfied needs
do not motivate, it is the dissatisfaction that moves us in the direction of fulfillment. Needs are

conditions within the individual that are essential and necessary for the maintenance of life and

the nurturance of growth and well-being. Hunger and thirst exemplify two biological needs that

arise from the body’s requirement for food and water. These are required nutriments for the

maintenance of life (J.O. De La Mettrie, 2013).