ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR 1

CAPITOLUL 6
ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE
Probleme propuse

I. ECUAŢII CU DERIVATE PARŢIALE DE ORDINUL II CVASILINIARE

I. Să se determine domeniile de hiperbolicitate, parabolicitate şi elipticitate ale următoarelor

ecuaţii cu derivate parţiale de ordinul II cvasiliniare:

2 u  2u 1  2 u  2u
1. y   0; 2.    0;
 x2  y2 x  x2  y2

2 u  2u 2 u  2u
3. x  0; 4. x y  0;
 x2  y2  x2  y2
2 2 2 2 2
2  u 2 u 2 2 u 2  u 2 u
5. y x 0; 6. x y  2x y y  0;
2 2 2 x  y 2
x y x y

2 u  2u  2u 2 u  2u  2u
7. x 2  2 x2 9 0; 8. e2 x  2e x  e x 0;
 x2 x  y  y2  x2 x  y  y2
2 2 2

9. 1  x 2   xu2  2 xy x uy  1  y2   yu2  u ux  yu  0 ;
2 u  2u  2u u u
10. cos 2 x  2sin x    0;
 x2  x y  y2  x y

2 u  2u  2u u u
11. x  2x y  x2  y2  0;
 x2  x y y 2 x y

2 u  2u  2u u u
12.  4y  25 x  xy  0.
 x2  x y y 2 x y

II. Să se reducă la forma canonică următoarele ecuaţii cu derivate de ordinul II cvasiliniare de

tip hiperbolic:

2 u  2u  2u  2u
1. 6 8 0; R:  0;
 x2 x  y  y2  
2 C A P I T O LUL 6

2 u  2u  2u  2u
2. 2 7 5  0; R:  0;
 x2 x  y  y2  

2 u  2u  2u  2u
3. 2 7 3  0; R:  0;
 x2 x  y  y2  

2 u  2u  2u
4. 5 6  0;
 x2 x  y  y2

2 u  2u  2u  2u 1
5. 2 3  2  0; R:  ;
 x2 x  y  y2   8

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u 1 u 1
6. 3 2  6 2 u  0; R:    u 0;
 x2  x y  y 2 x y   2  16

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u
7. 4 3 2 6 0; R:  0;
 x2  x y y 2 x y   

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u
8. 2   2   0; R:3   0;
 x2  x y  y 2  x y   

2 u  2u  2u u u
9. 2 3 2 6  0;
 x2  x y y 2 x y

2 u  2u  2u  u u
10. 4 5   0;
 x2  x y  y2  x y

2 u  2u  2u u  2u u u
11. 2 3   0; R :16    0;
 x2  x y  y2 y    


2 u  2u u u  2u 1 
12. 2 4  2 u  x  0; R:  u  e 2  0;
 xy y 2 x y   2 2

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u u
13. 2 3  7 4  2u  0 ; R: 3   2u  0 ;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y    

2 u  2u u u  2u
14.     4u  0 ; R: u  0;
 x2  y2 x  y  

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u u
15. 2 x 2 3  7 4  2u  0 ; R: 3   2u  0 ;
 x2  x y  y 2 x y    
ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR 3

2 u  2u  2u u u
16.  2 3  15  50u  x  2 y  0 ;
 x2  x y  y2 x y

 2u u u
R:  2     0 ;
   

2 u  2u  2u 1 u
17. x 2  y2  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ; R:    0;
 x2  y2   2 

2 u  2u u
18. x 2  y2  2y  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
2 2 y
x y

2 u  2u u u
19. y 2  x2 x y  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
2 2 x y
x y

 2u 1 u 1 u
R:      0;
  2       2      

2 u  2u u u
20. x 2  y2 x y  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
2 2 x y
x y

2 u  2u  2u
21. x 2  2 xy  3 y2  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
 x2  x y  y2

2 u  2u  2u u u
22. x 2  2 xy  3y2  2x  4y  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
2  x y 2 x y
x y

2 u  2u  2u u u
23. x 2  2 xy  3 y2  2x  4y  16 x 4u  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
2  x  y 2  x  y
x y

2 u  2u

24. 1  x 2  x 2 
 1  y2
y
2
x
u
x
y
u
y
0;

2 u  2u  2u u  2u
25.  2cos x  sin 2 x  sin x 0; R:  0;
 x2  x y y 2 y  

2 u  2u  2u u  2u
26.  2sin x  cos 2 x  cos x  0; R:  0;
 x2  x y y 2 y  

2 u  2u  2u u 1 u
27.  2sin x  cos 2 x  cos x  sin 2 x 0;
 x2  x y y 2 x 2 y
4 C A P I T O LUL 6

2 u  2u  2u
28.
 x2
 2cos x
 x y
 
 3  sin 2 x
 y2
y
u
y
 0;

III. Să se reducă la forma canonică următoarele ecuaţii cu derivate de ordinul II cvasiliniare

de tip parabolic:

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u
1. 6 9  2  0; R:   0;
x 2  x y  y2  x y  2 

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u
2. 4 4  2  0; R:   0;
x 2  x y  y2  x y  2 

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u u
3. 2  9 9  9u  0 ; R:  18 9  9u  0 ;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y  2  

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u
4. 2  3  5  4u  0 ; R: 2  4u  0 ;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y  2 

2 u  2u  2u u u
5. 9 6   10  15  50u  x  2 y  0 ;
 x2  x y  y 2 x y

 2u u u
R : 27  105  30  105u  2  5  0 ;
 2  

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u 1 u
6. x 2  2 xy  y2 x y 0; R:   0;
x 2  x y y 2 x y  2  

2 u  2u  2u  2u
7. x 2
x 2
 2 xy
 x y
 y2
y 2
x
u
x
y
u
y
 0; 
R :   2   2    u  0 ;
2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u u
8. 2  3 2 u  0; R: 5 3 u  0;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y  2  

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u u
9. 2  9 9  9u  0 ; R:  18 9  9u  0 ;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y  2  

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u u u
10. 2  a b  cu  0 ; R:  a  b a  cu  0 ;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y  2  

2 u  2u  2u  2u
11. x 2  2 xy  y2  0; R:  0;
 x2  x y  y2  2
ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR 5

2 u  2u  2u  2u  u
12. e2 x  2e x  y  e2 y  xu  0 ; R: 2
 
 
  e 2 u  0 ;
 x2  x y  y2  1 e

2 y 
2 u  2u 2
2 u u  2u
2 2 u 1 2
13. x  2 xy y  2y  ye2  0 ; R:    e  0;
 x2  x y  y2 x  2  2  

2 u  2u  2u
14. sin 2 x  2 y sin x  y2  0;
 x2  x y  y2

2 u  2u  2u u
15. tg 2 x  2 y tg x  y2  tg3 x 0;
 x2  x y  y2 x

2 u  2u  2u u
16. cth 2 x  2 y cth x  y2  2y 0;
 x2  x y y 2 y

IV. Să se reducă la forma canonică următoarele ecuaţii cu derivate de ordinul II cvasiliniare

de tip eliptic:

2 u  2u  2u  2u  2u
1. 2 2 0; R:  0;
 x2  x y  y2  2  2

2 u  2u  2u  2u  2u
2. 2 2  0; R:   0;
 x2  x y  y2  2  2

2 u  2u  2u  2u  2u
3. 2 5  0; R:   0;
 x2  x y  y2  2  2

2 u  2u  2u  2u  2u
4. 2 5  32u  0 ; R:   8u  0 ;
 x2  x y  y2  2  2

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u  2u u
5. 4 5  2  0; R:    0;
 x2  x y y 2 x y  2  2 

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u  2u 15
6. 4 5 3  u 0; R:   u  0;
 x2  x y y 2  x y  2  2 2

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u  2u 3
7. 2 2  4 4 u 0; R:   u  0;
x 2  x y  y 2 x y  2  2 2

2 u  2u  2u u u  2u  2u u
8. 6  10  3  0; R:    0;
x 2  x y y 2 x y  2  2 
6 C A P I T O LUL 6

2 u  2u  2u u u
9. 4  13  12  24  9u  9 x  9 y  0 ;
 x2  x y  y2 x y

 2u  2u u
R:  4     u  0 ;
 2
 2 

2 u  2u  2u  2u 1 u 1 u
10. y 2  x2  0; R: 2
    
2 2  2 
 0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
 x2  y2  

2 u  2u  2u  2u u u
11. x 2  y2  0; R:     0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
 x2  y2  2  2  

2 u 2 u  2u u
12. y 2  2 xy  2 x2 y  0 , pentru x  0 şi y  0 ;
 x2  xy  y2 y

 2u  2u 1 u 1 u
R:       0;
 2  2     2 

2 u  2u  2u  2u

13. 1  x 2   x2

 1  y2 
 y2
x
u
x
y
u
y
 0; R: 
 2  2
 0;

II. ECUAŢIA COARDEI VIBRANTE

II 1. COARDA VIBRANTĂ INFINITĂ

  2u  2u
 2  4 , x  , t  0
 t  x2

1. u  x,0   0 ; R : u  x, t   t x ;

 u  x,0   x
  t


  2u  2u
 2  2 , x  , t  0
 t x

2. u  x,0   x 2 ; R : u  x, t   x 2  t 2 ;

 u
  t  x,0   0

ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR 7
  2u  2u
 2  2 , x  , t  0
 t x

3. u  x,0   x ; R : u  x, t   x  t x ;

 u  x,0    x
  t


  2u  2u
 2  25 2 , x  , t  0
 t x

4.  u  x,0   x 2 ;

 u
   t  x,0   x


  2u  2u
 2  4 , x  , t  0
 t  x2
 1
5. u  x,0   x ; R : u  x, t   e x  sh 2t  x ;
 2
 u  x,0   e x

  t

  2u  2u
 2  9 , x  , t  0
 t  x2

6. u  x,0   e3 x ; R : u  x, t   e 3 x  ch 9t  xt  t ;
 
 u
  t  x,0   x  1

  2u  2u
 2  4 2 , x  , t  0
 t x

7. u  x,0   e2 x ; R : u  x, t   e 2 x  ch 4t  2 xt ;

 u
  t  x,0   2 x

  2u  2u
 2  2 , x  , t  0
 t x
 2 2
8. u x,0  e x 2 ; R : u  x, t   e x  t  ch 2 t x  sin t  sin x ;

 
 u
  t  x,0   sin x

8 C A P I T O LUL 6
  2u  2u
 2  2  2t, x  , t  0
 t x
 t3
9.  u  x,0   0 ; R : u  x, t    ;
 3
  u  x,0   0

  t

  2u  2u
 2  2  t x, x  , t  0
 t x
 xt 3
10.  u  x,0   0 ; R : u  x, t   ;
 6
  u  x,0   0

  t

  2u 1  2u
 2   tx, x  , t  0
 t 4  x2
 xt 3
11. u  x,0   2  x ; R : u  x, t   t  x2;
 6
 u  x,0   0
  t


  2u  2u
 2  2  6, x  , t  0
 t x
 2
12. u  x,0   x 2 R : u  x, t    x  2t  ;

 u
  t  x,0   4 x

  2u  2u
 2  4 2  xt, x  , t  0
 t x
 xt 3
13. u  x,0   x 2 R : u  x, t    4t 2  x 2  xt ;
 6
 u
  t  x,0   x


  2u  2u x
 2  2  e , x  , t  0
 t x

14. u  x,0   sin x R : u  x, t   xt  sin  x  t   1  ch t  e x ;

 u  x,0   x  cos x
  t

ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR 9
  2u  2u x
 2  4 2  e , x  , t  0
 t x
 x 3t 3 t 5
15.  u  x,0   sin x R : u  x, t   xt    sin x cos 2t ;
 6 15
  u  x,0   x
   t


  2u  2u
 2  4 2  4 xt, x  , t  0
 t x
 4t 3 2 xt 3
16. u  x,0   sin x R : u  x, t   x 2t    sin x cos 2t ;
 3 3
 u  x,0   x 2
  t


  2u  2u
 2  2  sin x, x  , t  0
 t x

17.  u  x,0   sin x R : u  x, t   sin x ;

  u x,0  0
   t  


  2u  2u
 2  9 2  sin x, x  , t  0
 t x
 1  cos3t
18. u  x,0   1 R : u  x, t   1  t  sin x ;
 9
 u  x,0   1
  t


II 2. COARDA VIBRANTĂ FINITĂ

  2u  2u   2u  2u
 2  4 2 , 0  x  3, t  0  2  25 2 , 0  x  5, t  0
 t x  t x
 
 u  x,0   3  x u  x,0   5  x
 
1.   u ,0 x3 ; 2.  u ,0 x5 ;
   t  x,0   3 x   t  x,0   x
 
u  0, t   u  3, t   0, t  0 u  0, t   u  5, t   0, t  0
10 C A P ITOLU L
6

  2u  2u   2u  2u
 2  9 2 , 0  x  7, t  0  2  4 2 , 0  x  1, t  0
 t x  t x
 
u  x,0   x u  x,0   4  x  x 2 
 
3.  u ,0 x7 ; 4.  u , 0  x 1 ;
  t  x,0   7  x   x,0   0
   t
u  0, t   u  7, t   0, t  0 u  0, t   u 1, t   0, t  0


  2u  2u   2u  2u
 2  2 , 0  x  1, t  0  2  2 , 0  x  2 , t  0
 t x  t x
 
u  x,0   3 x 2 u  x,0   2 x
 
5.  u , 0  x 1 ; 6.  u 2 , 0  x  2 ;

 t  x ,0   2 x 
 t  x ,0   x
 
u  0, t   u 1, t   0, t  0 u  0, t   u  2 , t   0, t  0


  2u  2u
 2  2 , 0  x  1, t  0
 t x

u  x,0   2 

 n  sin  2n  1 t  sin  2n  1 x ;
8
7.  u , 0  x 1 ; R : u  x, t  

 t  x ,0   0
n 1

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0

  2u  2u
 2  36 , 0  x  13, t  0
 t  x2

u  x,0   x

8.  u , 0  x  13 ;
  t  x,0   13  x

u  0, t   u 13, t   0, t  0

  2u 2  u
2
 2 a , 0  x  l , t  0, a  0, h  0
 t  x2

 u  x,0   0

9.   u ,0 xl ;
  t  x ,0   h

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0
ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR
11

 2n  1 a t  sin  2n  1  x ;
  2n  12  sin
4 lh 1
R : u  x, t  
a 2 n 0
l l

  2u 2  u
2
 2 a , 0  x  l , t  0, a  0
 t  x2

 u  x,0    4h x  x  l 
  l2
10.   , 0  x  l, h  0 ;
  u
  x,0   0
   t

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0

 2n  1 a t  sin  2n  1  x ;
  2n  13
32h 1
R : u  x, t    cos
3 n0
l l

  2u 2  u
2
 2 a , 0  x  l , t  0, a  0
 t  x2

  x2 
u  x,0   4  x  
  l 
11.   ,0 xl ;
 u
  t  x,0   0

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0


 2n  1 a t  sin  2n  1  x ;
  2n  13  cos
32 l 1
R : u  x, t  
3 n 0
l l

  2u  2u
 2  2 , 0  x , t  0
 t x

u  x,0   sin x

12.  u , 0 x  ;
  t  x,0   sin x

u  0, t   u  , t   0, t  0

R : u  x, t   sin t sin x  cos t sin x ;

12 C A P ITOLU L
6

  2u  2u
 2  2 , 0  x , t  0
 t x

u  x,0   sin 3 x

13.  u , 0 x  ;
  t  x,0   sin 2 x

u  0, t   u  , t   0, t  0

3 1 1
R : u  x, t   cos t sin x  sin 2t sin 2 x  cos3t sin 3 x ;
4 2 4
  2u  2u
 2  2 , 0  x , t  0
 t x

u  x,0   1 sin x
 2
14.  , 0 x  ;
u
  x,0   2sin 2 x  3sin 3 x
  t

u  0, t   u  , t   0, t  0
1
R : u  x, t   cos t sin x  sin 2t sin 2 x  sin 3t sin 3x ;
2
  2u  2u
 2  4 , 0  x  6, t  0
 t  x2

u x,0   x, x   0,5 
   
 5  6  x  , x  5,6
15.  ,0 x6 ;
   u
  t  
x,0  0

u  0, t   u  6, t   0, t  0


5n n t n x
 n 2 2  sin
72
R : u  x, t    cos  sin ;
6 3 6
n 1
ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR
13
  2u 2  u
2
 2 a , 0  x  l , t  0, a  0,0  c  l
 t  x2

 x
, x   0, c 
  
c
u  x,0   

16.   l  x , x   c, l  , 0  x  l ;
  l  c
 u
  t  x,0   0

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0


2l 2 n c na t n x
 n 2  sin
1
R : u  x, t    cos  sin ;
 2
c l  c 
n 1
l l l

III. ECUAŢIA CĂLDURII

 u  2u  u  2u
 9 , 0  x  4, t  0   16 , 0  x  7, t  0
 t  x2  t  x2
1.  ; 2.  ;
u  x,0   4 x, 0  x  4 u  x,0   7  x, 0  x  7
u 0, t  u 4, t  0, t  0 u 0, t  u 7, t  0, t  0
         
 u  2u
  , 0  x  l, t  0
2
 t  x
3.  ;
u  x,0   x  x, 0  x  l
2

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0

 
2 2
 2 1 n 1 n 

4  1  1 2   2 t
n
 
R : u  x, t    
 n
2
l l   n 3 3

 
l e l

 sin
n x
l
;
n 1

 u  2u
  , 0  x  1, t  0
2
 t  x
4.  ;
u  x,0   x  1, 0  x  1
2

u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0


   2n  1   2n  13  3   e  2n1  t  sin  2n  1 x ;

2 8 2 2
R : u  x, t  
n 1
14 C A P ITOLU L
6

 u  2u
  , 0  x  l, t  0
2
 t  x

5.  x l  x ;
u  x,0   ,0 xl
 l2
u  0, t   u  l , t   0, t  0


  2n 1 2  2t
  2n  1  x ;
  2n  13  e
8 1
R : u  x, t   l2  sin
2 n 1
l

 u  2u
  , 0  x , t  0
2
 t  x
6.  ; R : u  x, t   2e 9t sin 3 x ;
u  x,0   2sin 3 x, 0  x  
u 0, t  u  , t  0, t  0
    
 u  2u
  , 0  x  1, t  0
2
 t  x 2
7.  ; R : u  x, t   e  t sin  x ;
u  x,0   sin  x, 0  x  1
u 0, t  u 1, t  0, t  0
    
 u  2u
  , 0  x  1, t  0
2
 t  x 2
8.  ; R : u  x, t   2e 4 t sin 2 x ;
u  x,0   2sin 2 x, 0  x  1
u 0, t  u 1, t  0, t  0
    
 u  2u
 4 , 0  x  2, t  0
 t  x2  2t
 x 2
9.  x ; R : u  x, t   e 4 sin  e  t sin  x ;
u  x,0   sin  sin  x, 0  x  2 2
 2
u  0, t   u  2, t   0, t  0
 u  2u
 9 , 0  x  3, t  0
 t  x2

10.  2 x
;
u  x,0   sin ,0 x3
 2
u  0, t   u  3, t   0, t  0
ECUAŢIILE FIZICII MATEMATICE - MARIANA ZAMFIR
15
 u  2u
  , 0  x  4, t  0
2
 t  x
  n 2 2t
n  16 n x

 x, 0  x 1 ; 32 1
11.   R : u  x, t   sin e  sin ;
u  x,0    4  x 3 2 n  0 n2 4 4
  3 ,1  x  4

u  0, t   u  4, t   0, t  0
 u  2u
  a2 , 0  x  l , t  0, a  0
 t  x2

  l
12.   x, 0  x  2 ;
u  x,0   
 l  x, l  x  l
  2
u 0, t  u l , t  0, t  0
    
 n  2n 1 2  2 a 2 t
 1   2n  1  x ;
  2n  12  e
4l
R : u  x, t   l2  sin
2
 n 0
l

IV. PROBLEME LA LIMITĂ PENTRU ECUAŢII DE TIP ELIPTIC