Analytic philosophy, also called linguistic 

philosophy, a loosely related set of

approaches to philosophical problems, dominant in Anglo-American philosophy from the
early 20th century, that emphasizes the study of language and the logical analysis of
concepts. Thus analytical philosophy might be conceived as the view that old
philosophical theses and problems should take the form of theses and problems treated
by philosophical logic. In other words philosophical logic would be “ripe philosophy”. A
similar view is put forward by another Swedish logician-philosopher Krister Segerberg in
a paper where he deals with a topic of which Von Wright, as Segerberg emphasizes, is
the father, the logic of action.

Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the

first-person point of view. ... Phenomenology as a discipline is distinct from but related
to other key disciplines in philosophy, such as ontology, epistemology, logic, and ethics.
" in an essential way, phenomenology assumes in our century the velY role of
philosophy."l This is an exaggeration that ignores the recent global reaches of analytic
philosophy. It is certainly true that phenomenology has been one of the major currents
of Eastern and Western European, Asian, and Latin American thought during the 20th
century, ath'acting some of that century's best minds and, in one form or another,
engaging with most other contemporaty philosophical currents, from neo-Kantianism
(Natorp, Cassirer), empiricism, positivism, to Hegelianism (Kojeve, Hyppolite, Jean
Wahl, Gadamer, Mat'cuse), structuralism, and so on. But if it is a sh'ong current, it is not
the only one, and the tradition of analytic philosophy - especially in English-speaking
countries - also makes claims to dominance in the 20th century. Indeed, its most
enthusiastic proponents claim it to be the only serious way of doing philosophy at all.
Existentialism is a term that belongs to intellectual history. Its definition is thus to some
extent one of historical convenience. They focus, first, on the problematic character of
the human situation, through which the individual is continually confronted with diverse
possibilities or alternatives, among which he may choose and on the basis of which he
can project his life.

Second, the doctrines focus on the phenomena of that situation and especially on those
that are negative or baffling, such as the concern or preoccupation that dominates the
individual because of the dependence of all his possibilities upon his relationships with
things and with other people; the dread of death or of the failure of his projects; the
“shipwreck” upon insurmountable “limit situations” (death, the struggle and suffering
inherent in every form of life, the situation in which everyone daily finds himself); the
guilt inherent in the limitation of choices and in the responsibilities that derive from
making them; the boredom from the repetition of situations; and the absurdity of his
dangling between the infinity of his aspirations and the finitude of his possibilities.

Third, the doctrines focus on the intersubjectivity that is inherent in existence and is
understood either as a personal relationship between two individuals,  such that the
thou may be another person or God, or as an impersonal relationship between the
anonymous mass and the individual self deprived of any authentic communication with
others.

Fourth, existentialism focuses on ontology, on some doctrine of the general meaning of

Being, which can be approached in any of a number of ways: through the analysis of
the temporal structure of existence; through the etymologies of the most common words
—on the supposition that in ordinary language Being itself is disclosed, at least partly
(and thus is also hidden); through the rational clarification of existence by which it is
possible to catch a glimpse, through ciphers or symbols, of the Being of the world, of
the soul, and of God; through existential psychoanalytic that makes conscious the
fundamental “project” in which existence consists; or, finally, through the analysis of the
fundamental modality to which all the aspects of existence conform—i.e., through the
analysis of possibility.

Hermeneutics presupposes that texts and text-analogues that are distant in time and
culture, or that are blanketed by ideology and false consciousness, would necessarily
appear chaotic, incomplete, contradictory and distorted, and that they need to be
systematically interpreted to unveil their underlying coherence or sense. The main
reason why hermeneutics seemed to be a very complicated idea is that it has indeed
become complex due to the inter-twining of its multiple layers of meanings and
concerns.

According to Traditional Marxists, school teaches children to passively obey authority

and it reproduces and legitimates class inequality. Traditional Marxists see
the education system as working in the interests of ruling class elites.