Outcome Budget 2010-2011

OUTCOME BUDGET
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF SPACE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
2010-2011
(i)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The primary objective of the Indian Space Programme is to

achieve self-reliance in Space Technology and to evolve application
programme to meet the developmental needs of the country. Towards
meeting this objective, two major operational space systems have
been established – the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) for
telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological service
and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) for natural resource
monitoring and management. Two operational launch vehicle, Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (GSLV) provide self reliance in launching IRS & INSAT
Satellites respectively.
2. The Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission was

set up in 1972 to formulate and implement Space policies and
programmes in the country. The Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO) is the research and development wing of the Department of
Space and is responsible for executing the programmes and schemes of
the Department in accordance with the directives and policies laid
down by the Space Commission and the DOS. The Space programme is
executed through the ISRO Centre/Units and the Grant-in-aid
Institutions.
3. The overall thrust of the Space programme during 11th plan will be to
sustain and strengthen the already established space based services towards
socio-economic development of the country and undertake advanced space
missions including Human Space Flight Programme and Planetary
Exploration. The details of the programmes envisaged in the 11th five year
plan is dealt in para 4 of Chapter 1.
4. The Budget proposals for the Department of Space for 2010-2011

have been formulated under the frame work of Decade Profile 2010-2020
and proposals for Eleventh Five Year plan (2007-2012). The BE 2010-2011
(i)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The primary objective of the Indian Space Programme is to

achieve self-reliance in Space Technology and to evolve application
programme to meet the developmental needs of the country. Towards
meeting this objective, two major operational space systems have
been established – the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) for
telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological service
and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) for natural resource
monitoring and management. Two operational launch vehicle, Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (GSLV) provide self reliance in launching IRS & INSAT
Satellites respectively.
2. The Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission was

set up in 1972 to formulate and implement Space policies and
programmes in the country. The Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO) is the research and development wing of the Department of
Space and is responsible for executing the programmes and schemes of
the Department in accordance with the directives and policies laid
down by the Space Commission and the DOS. The Space programme is
executed through the ISRO Centre/Units and the Grant-in-aid
Institutions.
3. The overall thrust of the Space programme during 11th plan will be to
sustain and strengthen the already established space based services towards
socio-economic development of the country and undertake advanced space
missions including Human Space Flight Programme and Planetary
Exploration. The details of the programmes envisaged in the 11th five year
plan is dealt in para 4 of Chapter 1.
4. The Budget proposals for the Department of Space for 2010-2011

have been formulated under the frame work of Decade Profile 2010-2020
and proposals for Eleventh Five Year plan (2007-2012). The BE 2010-2011
(ii)
for Department of Space stands at Rs.5778.00 crores comprising of

Rs.5000.00 crores 'Plan' outlay and Rs.778.00 crores 'Non-plan' outlay. The
outlay has been arrived at taking into account the Programmatic targets set
for 2010-2011.
5. The Department has prepared “Outcome Budget 2010-2011” based

on the guidelines contained on the subject in the Ministry of Finance,
Department of Expenditure, Office Memorandum No.2(1)Pers/E-
Coord/OB/2005 dated January 6, 2010. The Table 2.1 annexed to Chapter
II gives the Outcome Budget for 2010-2011 in the prescribed format.
6. The Department of Space is largely project and mission oriented. The

nature of Outcome of the Space Programmes will be mainly in the form of
(a) Indigenous capability to develop and realise complex space systems such
as satellites and launch vehicles; (b) Creating infrastructure in Space by
launching and operationalisation of satellites including Space operations,
which are utilised by various user agencies for national development; (c)
Capacity building in terms of critical technologies and ground technical
infrastructure of relevance for future and (d) Benefits to the society arising
from application of space technology/systems such as IRS satellites, INSAT
satellites in various fronts. These have been appropriately reflected in the
Table 2.1, Chapter II of the Outcome budget against various
programmes/schemes.
7. The major programmatic targets for 2010-2011 are the following:-
• Launch and operationalisation of Cartosat-2B onboard PSLV launch

vehicle. Cartosat-2B support large scale cartographic mapping and
thematic applications;
• Launch of GSAT-4 Satellite onboard third development flight of

GSLV-D3 employing indigenously developed Cryogenic Stage.
GSAT-4 is a low cost experimental communication satellite in Ka
band. It also carries Navigation Payload and Scientific experiment
developed by Tel Aviv University and Israel Space Agency;
(iii)
• Launch and operationalisation of GSAT-8 satellite by Ariane launch

vehicle GSAT-8 will augment the INSAT system with C & Ku band
transponders;
• Assembly, Integration and Testing of Resourcesat-2, GSAT-

5/INSAT-4D and RISAT-1 satellites and progress towards launch
from Sriharikota. Resourcesat-2 with enhanced imaging capabilities
will provide data for crop applications, vegetation dynamics and
natural resource census and will eventually provide continuity of data
hitherto provided by Resourcesat-1. GSAT-5/INSAT-4D will
augment the INSAT capacity with additional C band Transponders.
RISAT-1 will enhance ISRO’s capability in earth observation with
microwave remote sensing;
• Initiate/progress work on Human Space flight programme, Semi

cryogenic Engine development, GSLV Mk-III, Advanced
Communication Satellite, Chandrayaan-2 and other ongoing space
missions and application programmes;
8. The Department has five Grant-in-aid Institutions under its fold viz.,
Physical Research Laboratory, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory,
Semi-conductor Laboratory, North-East Space Applications Centre and
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology. A review of the
performance of these institutions is presented in Chapter VI.
9. The Department has taken several policy initiatives and pro-active

measures to enhance the effectiveness and outreach of the Space
programme. The Policy framework of the Department encompasses the
areas of Satellite Communications, Remote Sensing Data distribution,
Industry participation, Commercialization, Human Resource Development,
Extra-mural research, International Co-operation, effective user
participation and continuous upgradation of technological capabilities.
Societal applications has been a thrust area of the Space programme and the
Department has initiated several programmes such as Tele-education, Tele-
medicine, Village Resource Centres to take the benefits of space technology
to the door-steps of common man.
(iv)
10. Periodical review of the physical and financial performance of all the
projects/schemes is an integral part of the planning and implementation
strategy in DOS/ISRO. Quarterly targets are fixed for each major
project/scheme during the beginning of the year and Additional Secretary
& IFA of the Department takes a rigorous review of the
expenditure/commitment status on a monthly basis to ensure that the
financial and programmatic targets are realized. With this, the Department
has been able to meet most of the programmatic targets and also utilize
more than 99% of the budget allocated in RE.
The Indian Space Programme, over the years, has paved the way for
creating cost-effective space infrastructure for the country in a self-reliant
manner and the economic and social benefits brought in by the application
of space technology to the national development have been significant. The
Space Programme is poised to play a pivotal role in the national
development in the coming years.
*****
CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Indian Space Programme had a modest beginning with

the launch of first sounding rockets in November 1963 from the
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), an obscure
fishing village near Thiruvananthapuram for the investigation of
ionosphere using sounding rockets. Further, the Indian Space
Programme was institutionalized in November 1969 with the formation
of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The Space programme
got further fillip in June 1972, when the Government of India
constituted the Space Commission and established the Department of
Space (DOS). The ISRO was also brought under the newly formed
DOS in September 1972. Since then, over the last five decades, the
ever challenging task of space technology development and utilisation,
has not only graduated from experimental and demonstration phases to
an operation era, but also provided its potential to address the national
needs. India has made notable progress in the design, development and
operation of space systems, as well as, using them for vital services
like telecommunications, television broadcasting, meteorology, disaster
management support and natural resources survey and management
including climate variability and change. The space programme has
become largely self-reliant with capability to design and build satellites
for providing space services and to launch them using indigenously
designed and developed launch vehicles. The end-to-end capability in
1
space for vital applications in communications, broadcasting,
meteorology and natural resource information are of direct relevance
for national development. The diverse roles of space technology &
services in various fronts – social, economic, commercial and strategic
– have made the space systems an important component of our national
infrastructure.
1.2 The primary objective of the Indian Space Programme has

been to establish operational space services in a self-reliant manner in
the thrust areas of Satellite Communications and Satellite based
information for management of natural resources and Satellite
Meteorological applications. The indigenous development of
Satellites, launch vehicles and associated ground segment for providing
these services is integral to these objectives. With the establishment of
two major operational space systems – the Indian National Satellite
(INSAT) for telecommunication, television broadcasting and
meteorological services & management and the Indian Remote Sensing
Satellite (IRS) for resources monitoring and management, the Indian
Space Programme has been providing operational services to the user
community in the country. Two operational launch vehicles, Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geo-synchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle (GSLV) provide self reliance in launching IRS of
INSAT Satellites respectively.
2
2. Organisational Set-up
2.1 The Space activities in India started with the formation of

Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) that was
formed by the Department of Atomic Energy in 1962. The Indian
Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established under the
Department of Atomic Energy in August 1969. The Government of
India passed a resolution in 1972 for setting up Space Commission and
the Department of Space (DOS) to formulate and implement space
policies in the country and brought the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) under the Department of Space in September
1972.
2.2 The primary objective of DOS is to promote the

development and application of Space Science and Technology for
socio-economic benefit of the nation. The Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) is the research and development wing of the
Department of Space and is responsible for executing the research and
development programmes and schemes of the Department in
accordance with the directives and policies laid down by the Space
Commission and the DOS. The Space programme is executed through
the ISRO Centre/Units and its Grant-in-aid Institutions i.e., the
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), the National Atmospheric
Research Laboratory (NARL), the North-Eastern Space Applications
Centre (NE-SAC) and Semi-conductor Laboratory (SCL). The
Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL), a wholly-owned Government
Company established in 1992, is the apex marketing agency under
DOS with access to resources of DOS as well as Indian Space
3
industries. The establishment of space systems and their utilization are
co-ordinated by national Committees, namely the INSAT Co-
ordination Committee (ICC), the Planning Committee of National
Natural Resources Management System (PC-NNRMS) and the
Advisory Committee on Space Sciences (ADCOS). Five Regional
Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs) undertake remote sensing
application projects relevant to the concerned region. Recently these
five RRSSCs have been merged with National Remote Sensing Centre
(NRSC), one of the constituent Centres of DOS/ISRO. The ISRO
Headquarters co-ordinates the overall programmes like launch vehicle,
satellite communication, earth observation, space science, atmospheric
science, space-industry development, disaster management support,
international co-operation etc.,
2.3 Following are the major Centres/Units of DOS/ISRO

responsible for carrying out research and development activities as well as
for undertaking the various projects and programmes:-
A. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) at Thumba, near

Thiruvananthapuram is the lead Centre for the development of satellite
launch vehicles, sounding rockets and associated technologies. The Centre
pursues research and development in the fields of aeronautics, avionics,
composites, computer & information, control, guidance & simulation,
launch vehicle design, mechanical engineering; mechanisms, vehicle
integration & testing, propellants, polymers, chemicals & materials,
propulsion, propellants & space ordinance and systems reliability. The
4
Programme planning & evaluation, technology transfer & industrial co-
ordination, human resources development, safety & personnel and general
administration groups support the Centre. The Space Physics Laboratory
(SPL) at VSSC carries out research in atmospheric and related space
sciences. Apart from this, the Construction & Maintenance Division
(CMD) carries out planning, execution and maintenance of all civil works
related to the Centre.
VSSC has extension Centres at Valiamala, housing the major

facilities of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geo-
Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Projects and at
Vattiyoorkavu for the development of reinforced plastics and composites
(Reinforced Plastics Facility). VSSC also supports the (i) Thumba
Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), the International sounding
rocket range, (ii) Rohini Sounding Rocket (RSR) Programme. An
Ammonium Perchlorate Experimental Plant (APEP) has been set up by
VSSC at Aluva near Kochi.
The major programmes at VSSC include: Polar Satellite

Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
(GSLV), Rohini Sounding Rocket, Space-capsule Recovery Experiment,
Reusable Launch Vehicles, Air Breathing Propulsion, Geo-Synchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) MK-III Development and development of
critical technologies in the area of advanced launch vehicle systems.
5
B. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
The Liquid Propulsion System Centre (LPSC) is the lead

Centre in the development of liquid and cryogenic propulsion stages for
launch vehicles and satellites. The activities are spread across Valiamala,
Thiruvananthapuram, Mahendragiri and Bangalore. LPSC at Valiamala,
Thiruvananthapuram carries out design and system engineering of earth
storable and cryogenic engine & stages for launch vehicles & design and
development of bipropellant thrusters and electric propulsion thrusters for
spacecraft, control components and control system. LPSC, Mahendragiri
carries out assembly, integration and testing of earth storable and cryogenic
engines and stages, high altitude testing of upper stage engine and
spacecraft thrusters, as well as testing of subsystems. This Centre also has
facilities for storage of earth storable and cryogenic propellant including an
Integrated Liquid Hydrogen Plant. The Construction & Maintenance
Division (CMD) of the Centre is responsible for planning, execution and
maintenance of all civil works related to the Centre. LPSC at Bangalore
carries out design, development and testing of propulsion system for
spacecraft. It also carries out transducer design, development & production.
C. Satish Dhawan Space Centre-SHAR (SDSC-SHAR)
The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) is the

principal operational Centre for launching Sounding Rockets and Satellite
Launch Vehicles. This Centre has the facilities for solid propellant
processing, static testing of solid motors, launch vehicle integration and
launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry tracking and
command network and mission control centre. Management service group,
Advanced Engineering Group, reliability and Sriharikota Common Facilities
6
support the Centre. Apart from this, the Construction & Maintenance
Division (CMD) takes care of planning, execution and maintenance of all
civil works of the Centre. The Centre has two launch pads from where the
rocket launching operations on PSLV & GSLV are carried out.
D. ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
The ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) at Bangalore is engaged in

developing satellite technology and implementation of satellite systems for
scientific, technological and application missions. ISAC is functionally
organised into six major areas: Mechanical Systems Areas, Digital &
Communications Area, Integration & checkout area, Power Systems &
Avionics Production area, Control & Mission Area and Reliability &
Components Area. The Construction & Maintenance Division (CMD) of the
Centre is responsible for planning, execution and maintenance of all civil
works related to the Centre.
Four project management teams co-ordinate the implementation

of projects. Space astronomy and instrumentation division is engaged in
space science activities. A new facility, ISRO Satellite Integration and Test
Establishment (ISITE) including a Comprehensive Assembly, Test and
Thermo-vacuum Chamber (CATVAC) has been set up recently.
E. Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)
The Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) at

Bangalore carries out design, development and production of electro-optics
sensors and cameras required for satellites and launch vehicles.
7
F. Space Applications Centre (SAC)
The Space Applications Centre (SAC) at Ahmedabad is

engaged in the development of payloads for communication, meteorological
and remote sensing satellites. SAC also carries out research and
development work in various space applications programmes. The activities
are grouped under microwave systems, satellite communication
applications, sensor developments, image and information processing and
remote sensing applications. Programme planning group, systems reliability
group and library and documentation group support the Centre. The
Construction & Maintenance Division (CMD) takes care of planning,
execution and maintenance of all civil works related to the Centre.
The facilities of this Centre include the Ahmedabad Earth

Station, the Delhi Earth Station, portable & Mobile Earth Stations,
Laboratories for remote sensing & communication activities, fabrication &
environmental test facilities for development and qualification of space and
ground hardware. The Centre is responsible for the development,
realization and qualification of communication, navigation, earth
observation and meteorological payloads & related data processing &
ground systems in the areas of communication, broadcasting, earth
observations for remote sensing of natural resources, weather and
environmental studies, disaster.
G. Development & Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
The Development and Educational Communication Unit

(DECU) at Ahmedabad is involved in the conceptualisation, definition,
planning, implementation and socio-economic evaluation of innovative
developmental communications in space applications. The major current
8
activities of DECU include: EDUSAT pilot projects, their implementation
and utilisation; Training and Development Communication Channel (TDCC),
Village Resource Centres (VRC), Tele-Health (TH), Tele-Education (TE)
mission and new satellite communication development and applications.
H. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
Considering the fact that the NRSA is closely associated with

various programmes of DOS/ISRO, in particular the Earth Observation
Programme, Disaster Management Support and other programmes of national
importance and to enable NRSA to carryout its responsibilities in a more
effective manner, the Government have decided to convert it into a Govt.
entity, called as National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), a Centre under
DOS/ISRO w.e.f. 01.09.2008. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
located at Hyderabad is responsible for satellite data acquisition, processing
and dissemination of aerials and remote sensing data. NRSC has set up data
reception station at Shadnagar near Hyderabad for acquiring data from Indian
remote sensing satellites as well as others. The Centre is also engaged in
executing remote sensing application projects in collaboration with the users.
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing at Dehradun, which conducts training
courses in remote sensing for user agency personnel at different levels,
functions under NRSC. Recently, the five Regional Remote Sensing Service
Centres (RRSSCs) have been amalgamated with NRSC.
I. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking & Command Network (ISTRAC)
The ISRO Telemetry, Tracking & Command Network

(ISTRAC) at Bangalore provides mission support to low-earth orbit satellites
as well as for launch vehicle missions. ISTRAC has its headquarters and a
9
multi-mission Spacecraft Control Centre at Bangalore. It has a network of
ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Sriharikota, Port Blair and
Thiruvananthapuram in India besides stations at Mauritius, Bearslake
(Russia), Brunei and Biak (Indonesia). ISTRAC activities are organised into
network operations, network augmentation, mission operation and
spacecraft health monitoring, communications & computers & control
centre facilities and development projects. Programme planning and
reliability groups support ISTRAC activities. ISTRAC also operates the
Local User Terminal/Mission Control Centre (LUT/MCC) under the
international programme for satellite aided search and rescue. An Indian
Deep Space Tracking Network station at Byalalu near Bangalore for India’s
mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, has been recently established by
ISTRAC.
J. Master Control Facility (MCF)
The Master Control Facility (MCF) located at Hassan in

Karnataka and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh monitors and controls all the geo-
stationary satellites of ISRO. MCF carries out operations related to initial
orbit raising of satellites, in-orbit payload testing and on-orbit operations
through out the life of the satellites. The operations involve continuous
tracking, telemetry and commanding, special operations like eclipse
management, station-keeping maneuvers and recovery in case of
contingencies. MCF interacts with the user agencies for effective utilisation
of the satellite payloads and to minimize the service disturbances during
special operations.
10
K. ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)
The ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) situated at

Vattiyoorkavu, Thiruvananthapuram carries out research and development
in inertial sensors, inertial systems and navigational software, actuators &
mechanisms and to realize the flight units of these system for the launch
vehicle and satellite progammes and allied satellite elements. IISU is
organised into research and development in the areas of launch vehicle
inertial systems, spacecraft inertial systems, inertial system production and
reliability & quality assurance. It has facilities for precision fabrication,
assembly, clean room and integration and testing.
2.4 A National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS)

with the Department of Space (DOS) as the nodal agency has been
established to ensure optimal management/utilisation of natural resources
using remote sensing data in conjunction with conventional techniques. The
five Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs) at Bangalore,
Dehradun, Jodhpur, Kharapur and Nagpur have been set up for execution of
remote sensing application programmes in the respective regions and these
Centres have been recently merged with National Remote Sensing Centre
(NRSC).
2.5 Following are the Grant-in-aid institutions of DOS: -
A. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) at Ahmedabad, is an

autonomous institution supported mainly by DOS. It is a premier institute
engaged in basic research in experimental & theoretical physics, astronomy
11
& astrophysics & earth, planetary & atmospheric sciences. The activities
cover a wide spectrum of competitive research in all these areas. PRL is
also involved in conducting extensive academic programmes for Doctoral
and Post Doctoral research and also has an Associateship programme for
University teachers. It is also entrusted with the management of the
Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO).
B. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) at

Gadanki near Tirupati is an autonomous research laboratory fully funded by
DOS. It is a Centre for atmospheric research with facilities like
mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar, LIDAR, lower atmospheric
wind profiler, disdrometer, optical rain gauge and automatic weather station
along with associated facilities. NARL is available for national and
international scientists to conduct research in atmospheric & space sciences
and related disciplines.
C. North-Eastern Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)
The North-Eastern Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)

located at Shillong, is a joint initiative of DOS and North-Eastern Council to
provide support to the North-Eastern region in using space science and
technology for development. The Centre has the mandate to develop high
technology infrastructure support to enable NE states to adopt space
technology inputs for their development. At present, NE-SAC is providing
developmental support by undertaking specific projects, utilising space
technology inputs in remote sensing, satellite communication and space
science.
12
D. Semi-conductor Laboratory (SCL)
The SCL is engaged in the design, development and

manufacture of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSIs) and Board
Level Products. The SCL has an Integrated Facility comprising class 10, 6”
Wafer Fabrication Plant, Design Facility, Test & Assembly, Quality
Assurance & Reliability and system Level Assembly Facility. Development
& Manufacture of ASICs for Strategic Sector is the major thrust.
E. Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology (IIST)
The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) is

an autonomous body under DOS formed with the objective of creating
quality human resources tuned to suit the state-of-art space programme.
The Institute offers graduate, post-graduate and doctoral programmes in the
area of Space Science and Technology. The Institute has started functioning
from the academic year 2007-2008, around the existing infrastructure
adjacent to VSSC, Thiruvananthapuram. A permanent infrastructure for the
Institute is in progress near LPSC, Valiamala.
2.6 Apart from this, the RESPOND programme of ISRO supports

sponsored research activity in Space Science, Space Applications and Space
Technology in various national academic/research institutions and Space
Technology Cells in premier technological institutes of the country through
grants-in-aid. The RESPOND Programme is aimed at promoting space
research activities and to develop a large research based trained manpower
and infrastructure facilities for specific activities of interest to the space
programme in the country.
13
2.7 Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL)
The Antrix Corporation Limited, Bangalore is the marketing

agency under DOS with access to resources of DOS as well as Indian space
industries. Antrix markets subsystems and components for satellites,
undertakes contracts for building satellites to user specifications, provides
launch services and tracking facilities and organizes training of manpower
and software development.
3. Major projects/programmes of Department of Space
3.1 The Department of Space (DOS) has the primary objective of

promoting development and application of Space Science and Technology
to assist in all-round development of the nation. Towards this, the
Department has evolved the following programmes:-
(a) Launch Vehicle programme having indigenous capability

for launching space-crafts;
(b) INSAT Programme for telecommunications,
broadcasting, meteorology, development of education
etc;
(c) Remote Sensing Programme for application of satellite
imagery for various developmental purposes; and
(d) Research and Development in Space Science,
Technology for subserving the end of applying them for
national development.
3.2 Over the years, India has established two operational Space
Systems - the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) System providing services
14
for telecommunications, TV broadcasting and meteorology including
disaster warning support and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)
System for natural resource monitoring and management. The Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is well proven through Fifteen successive
successful flights and has emerged as a reliable cost-effective launch
vehicle. The successful launch of two developmental flights of
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV-D1 & D2 in 2001 &
2003, followed by first operational flight in 2004 and launch of GSLV-F04
carrying INSAT-4CR launched in 2007 was a major achievement in the
Indian Space Programme.
3.3 The constellation of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites

comprises of seven satellites viz., IRS-1D, Oceansat-2, TES, Resourcesat-1,
Cartosat-1, Cartosat-2 and IMS (TWSAT). They serve as main stay of the
National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) besides
providing data worldwide. Vital applications such as identifying zones
which could yield ground water, suitable locations for recharging water,
monitoring command areas, estimating crop areas and yields, assessing
deforestation, mapping urban areas for planning purposes, delineating ocean
areas with higher fish catch potential, monitoring of environment and scene
specific spot imagery are being pursued actively by users with the space
based data. The data from IRS Satellites is received worldwide through a
network of International ground stations under commercial agreement with
M/s. Antrix. The next satellite in IRS series, Catosaat-2B, intended to
support large scale cartographic mapping and thematic applications is in
advanced stages of realization and is targeted for launch in the first quarter
of 2010-2011 onboard India’s PSLV. Development of a Radar Imaging
Satellite (RISAT-1) with day and night all-weather imaging capability
15
providing vital inputs during Khariff season for various agricultural and
disaster management applications is also in progress and it will be launched
onboard PSLV during 2010-2011.
3.4 INSAT contributes significantly to a variety of services in

telecommunications and television broadcasting including meteorological
observations, disaster communications, Tele-education and Tele-health
services. In the field of Space communications and meteorology, the
INSAT system, currently consisting of Eleven satellites, viz., INSAT-2E,
3B, 3A, 3C, 3E, 4A, 4B, 4CR, GSAT-2, EDUSAT and Kalpana-1 is one of
the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the world, with a
capacity of about 200 transponders in C, Ext-C, Ku and S bands. Work on
INSAT-3D, INSAT-4D, INSAT-4E, INSAT-4F (User funded), INSAT-4G,
GSAT-9, GSAT-10 and GSAT-12 are in progress. INSAT-3D, configured
as an advanced meteorological satellite with new payloads such as Imager
and sounder, is targeted for launch during 2010-2011.
3.5 Front ranking scientific investigations are being carried out in

the fields of astronomy, atmospheric sciences, planetary science and long
term climatic research using satellites, balloons, sounding rockets & ground
instruments. India’s first mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1 was successfully
launched on October 22, 2008 on-board the PSLV C-11. The payloads of
Chandrayan-1 have sent useful scientific data about Moon. The data
collected from various payloads of Chandrayaan-1 were analysed by world
wide scientists and the final products were presented and discussed in
Chandrayaan-1 Science meets held at Bangalore on 29th January 2009 and
subsequently an International Symposium on Low Cost Planetary Mission
was held at Goa from 31st August 2009 to 4th September 2009. Development
16
of a multi-wave length astronomy satellite ASTROSAT has also been taken
up. The Indian Space programme has enabled a significant role for national
industries in realisation of space systems. A strong bond with academic
institutions exists through extensive research partnership. Unique
organisational systems have been evolved in the national space programme
for fulfilling diverse functions like development, operations and applications
of complex space systems. The space programme has enabled significant
technology growth in multiple disciplines as spin-off benefits.
3.6 Indian capabilities in space thus represent a wide spectrum of

expertise ranging from the conceptual design to building and operating a
variety of space systems, which are matched only by a few nations in the
world. In view of these multiple dimensions and capabilities, India is
recognised as a leader in space applications that have a wide impact on
society.
4. Overview of Eleventh five year plan 2007-2012 proposals
4.1 The eleventh five year plan 2007-2012 proposals of the

Department have been formulated under the framework of a Decade Profile
2010-2020 after extensive interactions, detailed studies and consultations
within the organisation as well as with user community. The programmes
and the Mission Profile have been based on the national developmental
needs in the social and economic sectors.
4.2 The overall thrust of the Space programme during 11th plan will
be to sustain and strengthen the already established space based services
towards socio-economic development of the country. The following are the
brief summary of the plan programmes envisaged during the Eleventh Plan
17
in the area of Launch Vehicle Development, Earth Observation Systems,
Satellite Communications & Navigation (INSAT, GSAT & IRNSS), Space
Science Programme, Atmospheric Science Programme and Disaster
Management Support.
4.3 In the area of Launch Vehicle Development, the major target

for 11th plan is to complete the development of GSLV Mk-III capable of
launching 4T class INSAT satellite and operationalise the vehicle. PSLV
and GSLV will continue to be workhorse vehicles for launching IRS and
INSAT (2T class) satellites and their capabilities will be further improved.
Technology development and demonstration missions on Reusable Launch
Vehicle including space recovery technologies and air breathing propulsion
are also planned.
4.4 Building up large space systems like space stations, servicing

and refueling of satellites in space and material processing are promising
greater economic benefit to the nation. These require a large scale
involvement of human beings in space for building and maintaining space
assets. Space has emerged as the next frontier of human endeavor and
manned missions are the logical next step to space research. Therefore, it
was considered necessary to initiate the development of Manned
Missions/Human Space Flight Progamme during 11th plan period by
development of critical technologies. The major objective of the Manned
Mission/Human Space Flight programme is to develop a fully autonomous
manned space vehicle to carry two crew to 400 km LEO and safe return to
earth.
4.5 The Earth Observation (EO) Systems during 11th plan is

driven by two major considerations viz., ensuring continuity of EO data
18
with improved quality duly addressing the current gap areas and the urge to
maintain the global leadership in EO systems. The EO series of satellites,
both in IRS and INSAT/METSAT series, addressed broadly the thematic
applications in three streams viz., Resourcesat series, Cartosat series and
Atmosphere series. An important specific target for 11th plan is to realize
the Microwave remote sensing satellite RISAT-1 which provides day and
night all-weather remote sensing capability critical for applications in
Agriculture and Disaster Management. Strengthening ground segment to
ensure and enhance effective utilization of the remote sensing data will be
an important thrust area. Creation of Natural Resource Inventory and Data
bases, Food security, Water security, Disaster Management support,
Infrastructure development, Weather forecasting, Ocean State Forecasting,
Environment protection, Climate variability and change are some of the
thrust areas of EO systems applications identified for 11th plan.
4.6 The major emphasis in Satellite Communications during 11th

plan will be towards meeting the growing demand for transponders,
ensuring continuity of quality services, protection of space systems, efficient
spectrum management and continuous improvement in technology. Based
on the demand, the INSAT system capacity will be progressively augmented
to about 500 transponders by the end of 11th plan period. Development of
cost effective 4T-12KW bus with capacity of more than 50 transponders
with flexibility to accommodate a wide range of payloads will also be
undertaken. The thrust areas of applications include expansion and growth
of tele-education, tele-medicine and village resource centers, strategies for
operationalisation and Institutionalisation with the involvement of Central
Government Ministries/Departments, State Governments & NGOs, self-
sustenance and large scale training.
19
4.7 Satellite Navigation is emerging as a vital area not only for
civil aviation but in many other areas such as mobile telephones, surface
transport, intelligent highway system, maritime transport, rail, oil and gas,
precision agriculture, fisheries, survey and marine engineering, science,
electricity networks and leisure. Besides completing the ground
augmentation system GAGAN (GPS And GEO Augmented Navigation), a
major target for 11th plan is to establish Indian Regional Navigational
Satellite System with a constellation of 7 satellites. Co-operation and
participation in global navigational systems will also be pursued.
4.8 The interest in Space Science research during 11th plan is

focussed in four major areas viz., Planetary Exploration/Science, Astronomy
and Astrophysics, Space Weather and Weather and Climate. The Space
Science research in the country has gained impetus in the recent years with
the undertaking of Planetary mission Chandrayaan-1, Multi-wavelength
astronomy satellite ASTROSAT and climatic research satellite Megha-
Tropiques and created special awareness and enthusiasm amongst the
younger generation. A major target for 11th plan, therefore, is to complete
these ongoing missions and plan for followon missions Chandrayaan-2 and
Astrosat-2 for continued investigations. Besides this, a number of small
satellite missions for studies in Solar Physics (Space borne Coronagraph
“Aditya”), Earth’s Near Space Environment (Twin satellite missions
SENSE-P and SENSE-E), investigations in inner magnetosphere (ITM) and
studies in atmospheric aerosol and trace gases (I-STAG mission) have also
been planned. Akin to this, a major challenge lies in creating the human
resource base in the country for analysis of the enormous amount of
scientific data that would be available from these missions. It is also
planned during the 11th plan period to undertake technology development
20
for newer missions such as Mars Orbitor, Asteroid Orbitor and Fly by
Missions to Comets and Outer Solar System with a primary interest to
understand the origin and evolution of solar system.
4.9 Disaster Management Support, is intended to provide timely

and reliable space inputs and services to the DMS in the country and is a
vital area of space applications during 11th plan period. The major
initiatives planned during 11th plan period include realization of a National
Data Base for Emergency Management, Impact mapping and monitoring
support for Disaster events, Satellite based communication support for
Disaster Management, strengthening of early warning systems and
development of tools and techniques for decision support systems for
Disaster Management.
4.10 Considering the need to provide an impetus on studies and

research in the critical area of atmospheric research, an Atmospheric
Science Programme (ASP) has been planned with special emphasis on the
use of satellite and advanced observation tools, techniques of modeling and
a mechanism for interactions with scientific departments and academic for
initiating suitable projects, leading to operational end user products in
different domains. The primary goals of the program will be to pursue high
quality research and development work in Meteorology, Atmospheric
processes, Atmospheric dynamics with emphasis on use of satellite inputs.
4.11 Human Resource Development, International co-operation,

Industry and Academia interface, indigenous development of space
materials and components and Space commerce will continue to be priority
areas during 11th plan period. An important target during the 11th plan
period will be to set up Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
21
(IIST) with a view to capture the talent at ‘plus two’ level in order to create
quality human resources in the country for ISRO. The Institute has already
started functioning from the academic year 2007-2008 around the existing
infrastructure adjacent to VSSC, Thiruvananthapuram and the annual intake
of the Institute is about 150-200 students. A permanent infrastructure for
the Institute is in progress near LPSC, Valiamala.
4.12 The budgetary resource for the missions planned during 11th
plan period as well as the advance investments required for the missions
planned for the beginning years of 12th plan period is fixed at to Rs.34883
crores (at current prices). Out of this, the Plan outlay for 11th plan would be
Rs.30883 crores while the non-plan budgetary support is expected to be
Rs.4000 crores (approx).
4.13 The Indian Space Programme has paved the way for creating
cost-effective space infrastructure for the country in a self-reliant manner
and the economic and social benefits brought in by the application of space
technology to the national development have been significant. The Space
Programme is poised to play a pivotal role in the national development in
the forthcoming decade.
5. Mandate of the Department of Space
5.1 The Department of Space is committed to :-

(i) provide national space infrastructure for the
telecommunication needs of the country, including the
required transponders and associated ground systems;
(ii) provide satellite data required for weather forecasting,
monitoring etc;
22
(iii) provide satellite imagery and specific products and
services required for application of space technology for
natural resource management/developmental purposes to
the Central Government, State Governments, Quasi
Governmental Organisations, NGOs and the private
sector;
(iv) Promote Research & Development in space sciences and
technology;
6. Policy framework of Department of Space
6.1 The Indian Space Programme is directed towards development

and utilization of space science and technology in a self-reliant manner for
the social-economic development of the country. Taking cognizance of the
global space competitiveness, the policy framework of the Space
programme envisages:
(a) Industry Participation Policy to promote participation of

Indian Industries in the national space endeavors – higher
levels of aggregates in system/stage level supply from the
industry, use of ISRO facilities by Industry, technology
transfer to the industry and technical consultancy services of
ISRO expertise.
(b) Commercialisaton Policy to extend the outreach of Indian

Space assets, products and services to the global market
through Antrix Corporation Dissemination of IRS data
through International ground stations on commercial basis,
23
Leasing of INSAT transponders to private users, launching
of foreign satellites by Indian Launch Vehicles
(PSLV/GSLV), TTC support for foreign satellites, design
and development of communication satellite for
International customers.
(c) Remote Sensing Data Policy for acquisition and

distribution of satellite remote sensing data from Indian and
foreign satellites for civilian users in India.
(d) Satcom Policy to enable use of INSAT satellites by non-

government sectors and to establish and operate private
communication satellite.
(e) International Co-operation Policy for mutual benefit –

bilateral and multilateral co-operative programmes,
payloads of opportunity to be flown onboard Indian
satellites and participation in international forums.
(f) Human Resource Development Policy oriented to retain

the critical mass, training and development programmes,
rewards and incentives, flexibility in career growth
prospects, sabbatical opportunities and capacity creation in
the academia through sponsored research.
(g) Effective user participation in the space systems planning

and utilization – establishment of inter-departmental/inter-
ministerial co-ordination mechanisms viz., INSAT Co-
ordination Committee (ICC), Planning Committee of
National Natural Resource Management System (PC-
24
NNRMS) and Advisory Committee on Space Sciences
(ADCOS).
(h) Upgrading the technological capabilities to realise state

of art cost effective space systems viz., satellites, launch
vehicles and associated ground systems for providing
national space services.
The above policy framework has paved the way for creating cost
effective space infrastructure for the country in a self reliant manner, its
efficient utilisation for national development, enabled a significant role for
Indian Industries and technology growth in multiple disciplines as spinoff
benefits.
*****
25
CHAPTER II
OUTCOME BUDGET 2010-11
1.1 The Budget proposals for the Department of Space have been
formulated under the frame work of Decade Profile 2010-20 and proposals
for Eleventh Five Year plan (2007-12). The BE 2010-11 for Department of
Space stands at Rs. 5778.00 crores comprising of Rs. 5000 crores Plan
outlay and Rs. 778.00 crores Non-plan outlay. The outlay has been arrived
at taking into account the Programmatic targets set for 2010-11.
1.2 The Department has prepared “Outcome Budget 2010-11”

based on the guidelines contained on the subject in the Department of
Expenditure, Ministry of Finance Office Memorandum No. 2(1)Pers/E-
Coord/OB/2005 dated: 6th January 2010. The Table 2.1 annexed to this
Chapter, gives the Outcome Budget for 2010-11.
1.3 Table 2.1 has been organised as per the Statement of Budget
Estimates (SBE) submitted by the Department. However, the order in
which various Schemes/ Project appear has been slightly modified in
Outcome budget (as compared to SBE) with a view to bring related
projects together. For example, under Launch Vehicle Technology, GSLV
operational project has been brought immediately after GSLV project in
order to bring all GSLV related projects together.
26
2. Projects / Mission Mode Working
The Department of Space is largely project and mission

oriented. The Department undertakes specific projects and programmes
(viz., development of Satellites, launch vehicles and applications) based on
demand for space services and executes them in a time-bound manner.
Once the objectives of the project are achieved, the project is closed and the
resources are re-deployed for other ongoing projects. The Missions and
Projects are executed by the Centres and Units of ISRO under matrix
management structure to ensure optimum utilization of resources. The
Centres and Units are fixed entities and are the custodians of resources in
terms of technology, infrastructure and human resources required for
execution of the project.
3. Intermediate Outputs :
The implementation of projects on development of satellites,

launch vehicles and the associated ground systems is a multi-disciplinary
and multi-institutional endeavour. The ISRO Centres/Units are organised
based on their areas of specialisation/expertise. For launch vehicle projects,
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre is the lead centre while for Satellite Projects,
ISRO Satellite Centre is the lead centre. The lead centre of the project will
have the primary responsibility for overall design, subsystem interface
specifications, project management and co-ordination in addition to
development of subsystems for which the lead centre has specialisation.
The other Centres/Units of ISRO will have the responsibility to realise
27
specific subsystems / sub assemblies for the project in the area of their
expertise / specialisation. Therefore, the output of the ISRO Centres /
Units ( other than the lead centre), related to realisation of subsystems for
satellites and launch vehicles, are of intermediate products in nature, which
will get integrated with the work of lead centre. This has been suitably
reflected in the Outcome budget.
4. Partial Outcome :
The gestation period for Space projects i.e., Development of

Satellites, Launch vehicles and associated ground segments is generally 3
to 5 years, while in some complex projects, it could extend up to 8 – 10
years also. In the course of the development, the project goes through
various phases such as finalisation of configuration and detailed design,
engineering & proto models development and qualification testing,
fabrication of flight subsystem units and testing, assembly, integration and
testing leading to launching of the satellite into orbit. The Output and
Outcome of a satellite or launch vehicle project during a year is a result of
accumulated expenditure on the projects during the previous years.
Similarly, the outlay of a satellite or launch vehicle project during a year
does not necessarily result in output or outcome in the same year. While
the deliverables and physical outputs are targeted and specified for each
year for every project based on the development / realisation plans, the final
outcome will accrue only upon the launch and operationalisation of the
satellite. The time frame for such final outcomes are also specified in the
Outcome budget. Therefore, for the projects which are in initial or
intermediate stage, the partial outcome can be viewed as almost same as the
28
Physical Output. However, the time frame for the final outcome is also
specified in the Outcome budget.
5. Converting Outputs to Outcomes:
The Outcome of a programme is largely dependent on the

Objectives of the Programme. The primary objective of Space Programme
is to develop the Space Technology (comprising of development of
Satellites, Launch Vehicles and associated Ground segments), establish
operational space systems in a self-reliant manner and demonstrate through
pilot projects the potential applications of Space systems for national
development in the areas such as Natural Resource Management, tele-
communications, TV broadcasting, developmental communications, rural
communications, Tele-education, Tele-medicine and Disaster Management
support. Therefore, the nature of Outcome of the Space Programmes will
be in the form of (a) Indigenous capability to develop and realise complex
space systems such as satellites and launch vehicles. (b) Creating
infrastructure in Space by launching and operationalisation of satellites
including Space operations, which are utilised by various user agencies for
national development (c) Capacity building in terms of critical technologies
and ground technical infrastructure of relevance for future and (d) Benefits
to the society arising from application of space technology / systems such
as IRS satellites, INSAT satellites in various fronts. These have
been appropriately reflected in the Outcome budget against various
programmes/schemes.
*****
29
Department of Space
TABLE-2.1
OUTCOME BUDGET 2010-11

(Rs. in Crores)
Total Outlay 2010-11
Name of the Sanctioned
Sl. Objective / Quantifiable deliverables / Physical Processes /
Scheme / Cost Projected Outcome Remarks / Risk Factors
No. Outcome Non-Plan Plan CEBR Outputs Timelines
Program ( In respect of
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
LAUNCH VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
1 Geo- Develop a launch 1405.19 --- --- --- Functional tests on integrated Self-reliance in Launch GSLV D1 and D2
synchronous vehicle to launch GSLV D3 launch vehicle along launching 2T class authorisation have been
Satellite 2Ton class INSAT with indigenous cryo stage and INSAT satellites. review by April successfully
Launch Vehicle satellite into the GSAT-4 satellite. 2010. launched during 2001
(GSLV) Geosynchronous and 2003.
Transfer Orbit Launching of GSLV D3 (with
(GTO) through indigenous cryo stage) carrying Funding required for
three GSAT-4 onboard. GSLV D3 has been
developmental provided during the
flights viz., GSLV previous years.
D1, D2 and D3 Hence, no provision
flights. is shown in the
current year
2 Cyrogenic Development of a 335.89 --- 0.10 --- Integration of the Indigenous Achieve self reliance Launch Indigenous cryostage
Upper Stage restartable cryo stage with the launch in launching 2T class authorisation has been tested on
Project (CUSP) cryogenic engine vehicle. INSAT type of review by April ground for the flight
& stage for GSLV. satellites. 2010. duration. The flight
( to replace the Cryogenic stage flight stage has been
Russian supplied performance test on board transported to SHAR
Cryogenic stage GSLV D3. in September 2009
of GSLV) for assembly with the
launch vehicle.
30
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
3 GSLV To fabricate 16 3550.96 --- 250.00 --- Realisation of subsystems for Augmenting INSAT PAM-G was GSLV has so far
Operational operational GSLV GSLV F06. system with additional successfully completed two
launch vehicles transponders to meet tested and operational flights
(GSLV F1 - 16) Realisation & testing of PAM-G the communication qualified. successfully.(GSLV
and take advance structure. requirements. GSLV F05 F01 and F04)
procurement Mission is
actions for Mission planning, Vehicle planned in
additional integration and launch of GSLV 2010-11.
vehicles and F05 Mission carrying GSAT-5
launch into orbit.
communication
satellites planned
for 10th plan,
11th plan and
beyond.
31
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
4 GSLV Mk III To develop a 2498.00 --- 152.96 --- Completion of static test-02 on Partial Outcome: First
Development Geosynchronous S 200. Realisation of developmental
satellite launch technical facilities and / test flight
vehicle capable Realisation of C20 engine and development targeted for
of launching conduct of engine tests. hardware required for 2011-12.
4Ton class INSAT GSLV Mk III. The
type of satellites L 110 stage readiness for project is currently in
to GTO. propellant mockup. intermediate stage.
The final outcome of
Completion of structural tests. achieving self reliance
in launching 4T class
Functional tests on separation of INSAT satellites will
systems. accrue upon
successful flight
Main Engine Test Facility testing of GSLV Mk III
augmentation. vehicle.
Thrust Chamber Test Facility

readiness.
32
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
5 PSLV-C To fabricate 15 1518.00 --- 250.00 --- Final Assembly, Testing and Launching of Cartosat Three flights PSLV had so far 15
PSLV operational Launch of C15 with Cartosat 2B 2B and Resourcesat-2 of PSLV are successive
launch vehicles Satellite and C16 with satellites to augment planned successful flights
(PSLV C14 - C28) Resourcesat-2 satellite. the remote sensing during 2010- and has emerged as
for launching space segment 11. a versatile, reliable
Remote Sensing Realisation of Structures, Sub infrastructure of the and cost-effective
and Scientific systems for C17 & C18. country. launch vehicle. Its
satellites of 10th launch capability has
plan and beyond. Mission planning, Vehicle been progressively
assembly, integration, testing enhanced from 850
and launch of PSLV C15 & 15 kgs to 1500 kg
through continous
improvements in the
launch vehicle.
6 Space Capsule Develop a 76.20 --- 4.93 --- Realisation of Flight Model Outcome: SRE-2 will SRE-2 will be SRE-1 was
Recovery recovery capsule payloads. demonstrate the launched as a successfully
Experiment and demonstrate critical technologies co-passanger launched on 10th
(SRE-1& 2) the technology Flight model integration and required for in PSLV. Jaunary 2007
for recovery and readiness for launch. recoverable launch onboard PSLV C7
conduct micro- vehicles. and recovered on
gravity 22nd January 2007.
experiments This unique mission
through two has demonstrated
flights viz., SRE-1 the capability to
& 2.. recover a satellite
from orbit at a
predetermined
location and the
associated
technologies.
33
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
7 Vikram To develop N.A 200.54 383.12 --- Dev of active scramjet engine Technology RLV-TD and As a part of Air
Sarabhai Space critical and module and realisation of ATV development air breathing Breathing Propulsion
Centre (VSSC) advanced DMRJ-FTD flight for scramjet initiatives and propulsion are technology,
technologies engine characterisation. hardware targeted for Supersonic
related to satellite development and demonstration combustion has been
launch vehicles Installation of 6MW Plasma realisation lead to during 2010- successfully
including Wind tunnel facility. state-of-art launch 11. demonstrated
Reusable Launch vehicles for Indian through ground tests
Vehicles (RLV), Installation and Commissioning Space Programme. in Nov-Dec 2005,
Sounding rockets of indigenous 250kN Vibration which is a major
and allied Shaker system. achievement in the
satellite area of launch
subsystems and Hardware realisation for vehicle technology
provide Reusable Launch Vehicle development.
infrastructure technology demonstrator.
support for
development and Technology development
fabrication / initiatives in the area of
testing of Indian avionics, aeronautics, advanced
launch vehicles. materials, propulsion systems,
mechanisms, control and
guidance and manufacturing
technology.
Launch Vehicle Hardware

development and realisation for
PSLV, GSLV and GSLV MK III
launch vehicles.
34
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
8 ISRO Inertial Research, NA --- 28.78 --- Delivery of flight and flight Realisation of tested Technology
Systems Unit. Development and standby systems of RESINS and and qualified inertial development,
(IISU) realisation of GAINS for five PSLV and two systems such as improvement
inertial sensors GSLVs. Inertial Navigation and scaling up
and systems for systems, Servo is a
launch vehicles Flight testing of Mini RESINS Accelerometers, continuous
and allied and MEMS RGP in GSLV Mission management process to
satellite mission in piggyback mode. unit, Momentum remain state-
elements. Wheels, Reaction of-art in
Realisation of MEMS based Wheels, Solar Array satellite and
aided INS. Drive Assembly, launch vehicle
Gyros, inertial technology
Realisation of Flight and Flight reference units, scan and to achieve
spare Momentum Wheels for mechanisms, etc., for maximum self-
INSAT and GSAT projects. Launch Vehicles and reliance in this
Satellites. strategic area.
Realisation of Flight and Flight
spare Reaction Wheels for Inertial systems are
Cartosat, Astrosat and IRNSS intermediate products
satellites. / subsystems used in
satellites and launch
Realisation of IRU with small vehicles.
ILG for application in future
spacecraft missions.
35
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
9 Liquid Development of NA 58.92 244.62 --- Delivery of integrated Realisation of tested Technology Liquid Propulsion
Propulsion earth storable propulsion system for satellite and qualified (a) liquid development, Systems Centre is
Systems Unit liquid propulsion missions. and cryogenic stages improvement the lead centre for
(LPSC) and cryogenic for PSLV and GSLV and scaling up development of liquid
propulsion Completion of integration and (b) Reaction is a and cryogenic
technology/syste engine development test in C-25 control systems for continuous propulsion systems
ms for launch Project. IRS and GEOSAT process to and has established
vehicles and Satellites. remain state- unique technical
satellites. Realisation of qualification of-art in infrastructure (test
stage with Aluminium alloy Liquid and Cryogenic satellite and and fabrication
propellant tanks in L110 Project. propulsion systems launch vehicle facilities) at
are intermediate technology Mahendragiri,
Realisation and qualification of products / and to achieve Valiamala and
75mN thruster for SPT. subsystems used in maximum self- Bangalore.
satellites and launch reliance in this
Commissioning of second test vehicles. strategic area.
stand for AOCS thrusters.
Hardware realisation and

delivery of PS2, PS4 stages and
control power plants for PSLV.
Realisation of GS2 stages, L40

stages and CUS for GSLV.
36
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
10 Human Space Develop a fully 95.00 --- 150.00 --- Initiate development of core The final outcome, in The project It is now proposed to
Flight Program autonomous (Pre- technologies for Human Space terms of availability of proposal is take up the Human
manned space project Flight like Crew Module technologies for currently Space Flight
vehicle to carry phase) development, Service Module, manned mission under Programme in
crew to low earth ECLSS, Crew escape system, would take about 3-4 consideration Phases and the intial
orbit and safe etc., years. of the phase would focus
return to earth. Government on development of
Design and development of for approval. core technologies
separation system for Crew such as crew
escape system. module, service
module, crew escape
Design, layout finalisation of system, ECLSS, etc,
Service Module and and tested in
Requirement finalisation and Unmanned PSLV
system design of propulsion flight.
system.
Preliminary design, test

benches and simulation of
environment control and life
support system.
Finalisation of internal
architecture and ergonomic
model of crew module.
37
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
11 Semi-cryogenic Developing a 1798.00 --- 250.00 --- Thrust Chamber Test Facility The project is in initial The project Semicryogenic
Engine / Stage higher thrust Augmentation stages. The final was approved engine is expected to
Deveopment semi-cryogenic outcome, in terms of in Jan 2009. bringdown the
core stage for the Hot tests on single element availability of higher launch cost.
unified modular preburner and thrust chamber. thrust semi-cryogenic
launch vehicle. stage is expected
Award of EPC contract for Semi after six years.
cryo test system.
Engine actuator system

development.
12 Indian Institute To develop high NA --- 140.00 --- Completion of admissions for The institute is in Government IIST has started the
of Space quality manpower the academic year 2010-11, initial stages. The have approved courses from the
Science and required for through a competitive exam by final outcome, in the proposal Academic year 2007-
Technology Space Science, the Institution. terms of availability of of setting up 08 around the
technology and manpower for ISRO is the Institute. existing
applications Conduct of the courses for the expected from 2011 infrastrucutre of
programmes. academic year 2010-11 onwards. VSSC. About 140
studnets have been
Completion of work and admitted to three
Readiness of buildings and courses in Avionics,
other infrastructural facilities in Aerospace engg and
the new campus. applied science.
38
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY
13 Oceansat-2 Development and 129.15 --- 1.60 --- Data quality Evaluation and Intermediate Oceansat-2 Oceansat data is also
launch of delivery of data products to the Outcome: Availability was used for generating
Oceansat-2 users. of Oceansat-2 data successfully bi-weekly advisories
satellite with for Ocean and Coastal launched to fisherman
Ocean Color studies and Potential onboard PSLV- community on the
Monitor and Fishing Zone advisory C14 on Potential Fishing
Scatterometer services. The data September 23, Zones.
instruments for from Oceansat-2 is 2009. The
Oceanography used by Ministry of payloads have
and coastal Earth Sciences, been
studies and Universities, commissioned
providing academic institutions and the
continuity of and NGOs. performance
services for of the
Oceansat-1. spacecraft is
normal.
39
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
14 Resourcesat-2 Development and 138.79 --- 22.00 --- Realisation of Payload systems. Intermediate Resourcesat- Resourcesat-1 (IRS-
launch of Outcome: Availability 2 is planned P6), launched on
Resourcesat-2 for Spacecraft assembly, of Resourcesat-2 data for launch in October 17, 2003 is
natural resource integration and testing. for Natural Resource the early 2010- currently providing
management Management 11 onboard the remote sensing
applications & Environmental tests and Applications. The India's PSLV. data for various
provide readiness of the spacecraft for data from natural resource
continuity of launch. Resourcesat-2 is used management
data / services by Ministry of Earth applications. IRS
currently Sciences, Ministry of data is also received
provided by Agriculture, Ministry world-wide through a
Resourcesat-1 . of Rural Development, network of
Universities, international ground
academic institutions stations.
and NGOs.
15 Radar Imaging Development and 378.49 --- 3.50 --- Fabrication, assembly and The project is Launch and The Transmit-
Satellite (RISAT-launch of Radar testing of Synthetic Aperture currently in operationalisat Receive Module, one
1) Imaging Satellite Radar Payload. intermediate stage. ion of RISAT is of the critical
with active The final outcome of targeted for elements of the
microwave Integration of the payload with 'Indigenous capability 20010-11 Synthetic Aperture
sensors the spacecraft and functional to develop and onboard Radar payload, has
providing all- tests. realise complex PSLV. been successfully
weather remote microwave payloads developed and
sensing Environmental testing and for Remote Sensing qualified in
capability for readiness for launch. and Disaster association with an
critical Management Indian Industry.
applications in Applications' is
Agriculture and associated with the
Disaster launching of RISAT
Management. satellite.
40
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
16 GSAT-4 Development and 99.00 --- 0.00 --- Functional tests on the launch GSAT-4 will GSAT-4 is Ka band
launch of GSAT-4 pad and launching of the demonstrate the planned for communication
for advanced satellite onboard GSLV D3. advanced Ka band launch payload, which is an
communication related onboard GSLV advanced
applications in Ka communication D3 in 2010-11. communication
band. technologies for wide technology, is being
band application developed for the
services in the first time in the
country. country.
The satellite
navigation payload
along with the ground
augmentation under
"GPS Aided GEO
augmented Navigation
(GAGAN) - Satellite
based Navigation
system" will enhance
the air navigation
services in the
country.
41
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
17 Navigational To develop a 1420.00 --- 262.10 --- Critical Design review of Partial Outcome: IRNSS is a Satellite Navigation is
Satellite constellation of Navigational Payload and Realisation of first constellation strategically an
System Indian Regional spacecraft bus elements. spacecraft and of 7 satellites important area of
navigational ground systems. and the first Space technology
satellite system Hardware realisation for IRNSS- satellite in the applications and
(IRNSS) for 1 and initiation of AIT activities. series is taking into account
providing planned for the international
positioning Establishment of Ground launch in scenario and the
services and segment. 2011. national
explore requirements, Indian
possibility of participation in
participation in global navigational
global system. systems is also
under consideration.
18 Advanced Development and 500.00 --- 125.00 --- Payloads and interface Partial Outcome: Government
Communicatio launch of a 4T finalisation. Finalisation of have approved
n Satellite. class payloads for the the project in
(GSAT-11) communication Preliminary design of the satellite. August 2009.
satellite with spacecraft and payload
advanced subsystems.
communication
payloads Initiation of procurement action.
42
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
19 SARAL Development and 73.75 --- 40.00 Preliminary Design Review for Partial Outcome: Approval for SARAL - Satellite
launch of a 400- subsystems and spacecraft for Finalisation of the SARAL project with Argos and Altika
450 kg class SARAL. payloads and was obtained - is a joint mission
satellite for spacecraft in Feb 2009. with the French
ARGOS and Realisation of SARAL configuration. The SARAL Space Agency CNES.
ALTIKA. spacecraft subsystems. satellite
mission is to
Integration of the Spacecraft be launched
bus elements of SARAL. during 2011
into a
Conduct of Critical Design sunsynchrono
Review of SARAL. us, 6 am- 6 pm
orbit at an
altitude of
around 800
km.
20 Earth To undertake (Project --- 35.50 --- Finalisation of project report for Government Cartosat-3 is an
Observation - New Earth not yet Cartosat-3 and processing the approval for advanced high
New Missions ( Observation approved) same for approval of the Cartosat-3 is resolution satellite
Carto-3, TES- Missions of 11th Government. expected by for mapping
HyS, DMSAR) plan such as GEO- Mid 2010-11. applications.
HR mission for Conduct detailed studies on
enhanced TES-HyS and DMSAR missions.
repetivity, TES
with
Hyperspectral
sensors, Cartosat-
3 and SAR for
Disaster
Management
Support.
43
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
21 ISRO Satellite Developing NA 93.07 327.12 --- Technology Development Technology Technology The ISRO Satellite
Centre Satellite initiatives - Miniaturised BMU, development development, Centre (ISAC) is the
Technology and Robotics, HV Solar Array, initiatives and improvement lead centre for
implementation Characterisation of Li-Ion cells, spacecraft hardware and scaling up Satellite Technology.
of satellite Cryogenic Heat pipes, High development and is a A new facility, ISRO
systems for performance onboard realisation lead to continuous Satellite Integration
scientific, computer, development of state-of-art satellites process to and Test
technological and multi split spectro polarimeter, for Indian Space remain state- Establishment (ISITE)
application etc., Programme. of-art in including a
missions. satellite Comprehensive
Assembly, integration and technology Assembly, Test and
testing of Satellites for launch. and to achieve Thermo-Vaccum
(GSAT-6, 8 and INSAT-4D/GSAT- maximum self- Chamber (CATVAC)
5) reliance in this has been set up
strategic area. recently.
Fabrication and testing of
subsystems for YOUTHSAT
small satellite.
The structure delivery and

fabrication activities for GSAT-9
and 12. Integrated spacecraft
tests of INSAT-10 after
integration.
Development and realisation of

the indigenous lander rover of
Chandrayaan-2. Realisation of
0.25 mtr resolution optics for
Cartosat-3.
44
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
22 Laboratory for Research and NA --- 40.14 --- Technology
Satellite integration level testing Realisation of tested LEOS have
Electro-optics Development in of sensors for Cartosat-2B, development,
and qualified electro- developed unique
Sensors. the field of GSAT-4, Resourcesat-2, RISAT- optical sensors such improvement technological
electro-optics 1 and GSAT-5. and scaling up
as earth sensor, sun capability in the field
sensors required sensor, star sensor,
is a of optics fabrication
for satellites. Development of Fibre Optics magnetometer and continuous and Micro Electro-
Gyro. Development of Optics for sensor electronics for
process to Mechanical Systems
Satellites. satellites. remain state- (MEMS) for space
of-art in applications.
Development of Laser Induced Electro-optic sensors Electro-optics
Breakdown Spectroscopy are intermediate sensors
(LIBS) payload and Camera for products used in technology
LAND ROVER. Development of satellites. and to achieve
Silicon Carbide (SiC) optics maximum self-
technology. reliance in this
strategic area.
Technology development
initiatives: Optical intersatellite
link sensor, development of
laser source, Ultra light weight
optical surface, Robotic sensor,
etc.,
45
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
23 Semi- Design, NA 28.96 24.89 --- Testing, Characterisation and Realisation of microTechnology/ SCL has integrated
conductors development and qualification of CCD signal electronic devices process / capability comprising
Laboratory manufacture of processor, ROIC-Ph2, Timing such as ASICs, MEMS device of design, wafer
(SCL) Very Large Scale Sequencer, SRAM and PCA. based devices, CCDs,development, fabrication (up to 0.8
Integrated (VLSI) Assembly of 200 nos. of memories, etc, for improvement micron technology),
circuits and Ultrasonic level sensors. and scaling up
strategic applications. testing, packaging,
system / board is a quality assurance
level products Analysis of process parameters The output of this unit continuous and system /board
and leading R & D of 0.8 m process and carry out is an intermediate process to level assembly of
effort in the area trials. product used as remain state- micro-electronics
of components / devices of-art in the devices. It has
microelectronics. Development of Radhard in satellites and ares of micro- developed VLSI
technology / process launch vehicles. electronics products, sensing
technology devices and MEMS
Production of Dr Pisharoty and to achieve for strategic
Radiosondes. maximum self- orgnisations such as
reliance in this DRDO DAE and
Dev. of MEMS based Temp,
pressure and humidity sensors.
46
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
LAUNCH SUPPORT, TRACKING NETWORK & RANGE
FACILITIES
24 Satish Dhawan To build, maintain NA 70.50 316.40 --- Production of 10 nos. of S 139 Realisation of tested Launch A State-of-art Second
Space Centre - and operate state- segments and two HPS3 motors and qualified solid support for launch pad has been
SHAR. of-art launch for PSLV. motors for PSLV and GSLV F05, established at
(SDSC-SHAR) infrastructure for GSLV. GSLV D3, Sriharikota to enable
assembly and Production of 10 -S 200 PSLV C16, C17 launch of future
launching of segments for GSLV Mk III. Static and C18 advanced launch
rockets, solid test of S200-ST-02- Solid propellant flights are vehicles as well as to
propellant motors and Launch planned to be provide redundancy
preparation and Integration and Launch support complex facilities are completed in for the existing
auxiliary support for GSLV F05, GSLV D3, PSLV intermediate stages 2010-11. launch pad.
facilities. C15, C16 and C17. for launching of
rockets.
Commissioning of Wind profiler
facility and New MCC facility.
47
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
25 ISRO To provide NA 37.22 50.79 --- Commissioning and Enabling operational Onorbit ISTRAC is an
Telemetry, mission support operationalisation of second services of remote operation and operational centre
Tracking and (Telemetry, Mission operations complex. sensing and scientific maintenance responsible for
Command tracking and satellites. of satellites is onorbit maintenance
Network. command) for To provide IPSTAR ground a continuous and operations of all
(ISTRAC) low earth orbit based Ku-band beacon station round-the- low earth orbit
satellites as well operations support from Port- clock process. satellites (like IRS)
as launch vehicle Blair station. and planetary
missions through missions (like
a network of Operation and maintenance of Chandrayaan-1).
ground stations. all IRS satellites.
ISTRAC has recently
Mission support for PSLV C15, commissioned a
C16, C17, GSLV F05, D3 and the Special Deep Space
satellites. Network at Bylalu
near Bangalore for
Hub services for Telemedicine, Chandrayaan-1 with a
VRCs and Spacenet. 18 m dia and 32 m dia
Antenna realised
through Indian
Industries.
48
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
SPACE APPLICATIONS
26 Space Design and NA 100.44 196.97 --- Delivery of payloads for GSAT- The payloads are the Technology
Applications development of 5, GSAT-7 and IRNSS & RISAT- intermediate products development,
Centre (SAC) payloads for 1. Delivery of Meghatropiques / steps for satellites. improvement
communication, MADRAS payload, YOUTHSAT and scaling up
meteorological and INSAT-3D. Technology is a
and remote development continuous
sensing satellites Development of IRNSS initiatives and process to
and conduct simulator & FPGA based user experiments lead to remain state-
space receivers for SPS & RS. realisation of state-of- of-art in
applications art payloads. payload
research and Finalisation of configuration sensors,
development. and design details of advanced communicatio
communication payload n
elements. transponders
and space
Calibration, Validation and applications
Operational product generation technology
of Oceansat-2 data products. and to achieve
maximum self-
Technology Development reliance in this
initiatives - Intersatellite links, strategic area.
system studies on micro
satellite communication system,
development of UHF terminals,
Ka band propagation studies,
development of TWT & EPCs,
etc.,
49
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
27 Development Conceptualisatio NA 7.85 75.17 --- Installation of EDUSAT model The Tele-education, The The user ministries
and n, definition, studio at Jaipur and NE-SAC. Tele-medicine and application of concerned for
Educational planning, VRCs provide satellite space EDUSAT network,
Communicatio implementation EDUSAT content generation for connectivity for technology for Tele-medicine
n Unit (DECU) and socio- selected user states. various development developmental network and VRCs
economic programmes communicatio are Ministry of HRD,
evaluation of the Expansion of Tele-medicine, implemented by State n and Ministry of Health
developmental Tele-education (Sikkim,UP, HP, / Central agencies and education is a and Family Welfare
applications of NE states, J & K, Gujarath) and NGOs. The benefit of continuous and Rural
space VRC networks. these programmes is process. Development
technology. augmentation of the respectively.
Conduct of social impact Education and
evaluation and awareness healthcare
programmes for Tele-education, infrastructure in the
VRCs and DMS. country for National
development.
Utilisation of Training and
Development communication
channels.
50
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
28 National Developing NA --- 87.62 --- Preparation of thematic Image processing The NNRMS is a national
Natural National Natural mapping at large scale and tools / software and application of level apex body in
Resource Resource digitisation of cadastral maps updated information space the country guiding
Management Management for the 5 prioritised States on Natural resources technology for and co-ordinating the
System Applications under Space based Information for use by the natural application of
(NNRMS) using Remote System for Decentralised concerned Ministries resource satellite based
sensing data and Planning (SIS-DP) in Government. management remote sensing for
supporting region- is a natural resource
specific remote Geomorphological and continuous management
sensing lineament mapping for 30% of process. applications in
applications. the geographical area of the various thematic
country. areas.
Land Use / Land Cover Mapping Imageries of IRS are

and Land degradation mapping used by Ministry of
at 1:50,000 scale - first cycle Urban Development,
report for the whole country and Ministry of
Organisation of a National Agriculture, Ministry
Workshop. of Water Resources,
Ministry of Earth
LU/LC mapping at 1:250000 Scineces, Ministry of
scale - consolidated change Rural Development,
analysis and report. Ministry of
Environment and
Dissemination of NRDB data Forests, Ministry of S
sets through NNRMS portal to & T and State
all users. development
agencies for various
natural resource
management
applications.
51
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
Earth --- 2.31 --- Earth Observation application
Observation projects - Cropping system
Application analysis, snow and glacier
Mission studies, FASAL software
development, Biodiversity
characterisation, study of meso
scale processes in bay of
Bengal, application of
Hyperspectral remote sensing
data, etc.,
Regional --- --- Implementation of region / user The RRSSCs have
Remote specific projects in application been amalgamated
Sensing of remote sensing for with NRSC with effect
Service developmental planning. from December 2009.
Centres
(RRSSC) Software development in the
new areas of image processing.
52
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
29 North Eastern To promote NA 1.75 6.25 --- Preparation of soil and land Space technology The NESAC is setup as
Space application of capability maps for intensive inputs related to application of an autonomous
Applications space technology agriculture districts of NER. natural resource space society jointly with
Centre (NE- for the management, technology for the North Eastern
SAC) development of Mapping of bamboo flowering developmental development Council to provided
north-eastern areas of NC Hills district. communications and of North space technology
region in the disaster management Eastern based solutions for
areas of natural Development of network of support for Region is a NE region.
resource Sericulture Information Linkage developmental continuous
management, & Knowledge Systems (SILKS) programmes of the NE process.
developmental in intensive sericulture- States.
planning, disaster practicing districts.
management
support, Setting up of ground system
interactive facilities for the conduct of
training, tele- distance education, training and
education, tele- Tele-education programmes for
medicine and North East.
other space
applications. Expansion of Tele-medicine,
Tele-education, VRC and AWS
programmes.
53
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
30 National Acquisition, NA 62.05 168.10 --- Ground system readiness for Availability of Reception, IRS data are used by
Remote processing, data reception and processing processed IRS processing Ministry of Urban
Sensing Centre distribution of for Resourcesat-2 and RISAT-1 satellite data and and Development,
(NRSC) data from Indian and SARAL. value added products distribution of Ministry of
Remote Sensing of remote sensing IRS data is a Agriculture, Ministry
Satellites and Operationalisation of IMGEOS technology / methods continuing of Water Resources,
research, facility for the in-orbit satellites, for use by various activity. Ministry of Earth
development and pre and post launch operations Ministries in Scineces, Ministry of
executing remote for new satellites. Government, private Rural Development,
sensing entrepreneurs and Ministry of
application Data reception, processing and NGOs. Environment and
projects in dissemination of data from Forests, Ministry of
collaboration with operational IRS satellites. Science and
users. Technology and
Advance actions for acquisition State development
of aircraft LiDAR/LFDC and agencies for various
replacement of avionics for one natural resource
aircraft.
Conducting Aerial surveys

based on user requests.
Training activities at IIRS,

Dehradun.
54
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
31 Disaster Providing space NA --- 38.62 --- Periodical monitoring of Floods, Strengthening of Setting up of The Virtual Private
Management technology Landslides, Drought, Forest Disaster Management dedicated Network connects
Support inputs and fires and Cyclones. System in the country. Airborne ariel Ministry of Home
services on a survey facility Affairs with State
reliable and Conclusion of contract for for DMS is Emergency
timely manner for dedicated aerial survey facility planned by Operations Centre for
the disaster for DMS 2010-11. real time exchange of
management critical information
system in the Completion and expansion of and digital data for
country. the network to the district level Disaster
in respect of DMS-VPN first Management.
phase. ( 37 nos)
Organising in phased manner

the NDEM.
Procurement of 100 nos of

INSAT type D terminals.
55
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
SPACE SCIENCES
32 Megha- Design and 81.60 --- 10.00 --- Completion of Ground Segment Partial Outcome: Launch and Megha Tropiques will
Tropiques development of a review Realisation of Operationalisa contribute
satellite jointly payloads and tion of Megha- significantly towards
with France to Realisation of Flight Model spacecraft. Tropiques is the understanding of
conduct ocean- Payloads and mainframe targeted for Weather systems of
atmosphere subsystems. The project is 2011 using tropical region.
research currently in PSLV.
particularly over Assembly, Integration and intermediate stage.
tropical regions. Testing activities on the Final outcome, in
Spacecraft terms of climatic
research data, is
Readiness of the satellite for expected after the
launch. launch and
operationalisation of
Megha-Tropiques
satellite.
33 ASTROSAT Design and 177.85 --- 10.00 --- Completion of payload The project is ASTROSAT ASTROSAT is a
development of a Engineering Model activities currently in satellite unique observatory
satellite for Multi- and realisation of Flight Model intermediate stage. launch is satellite
wavelength Payloads. Final outcome, in planned for simultaneously
studies of a terms of scientific 2011 onboard covering a range of
variety of Realisation of spacecraft results of the data PSLV. high energy radiation
celestial sources subsystems from the satellite will hitherto not covered
and phenomena start accruing after from any other global
using X-ray / Initiation of activities related to the launch of observatory
Gamma ray spacecraft assembly and ASTROSAT satellite. missions.
astronomy integration.
instruments and
UV telescope.
56
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
34 Indian Lunar The baseline 811.00 --- 100.00 --- Chandrayaan-1: Final outcome is the Chandrayaan- Chandrayaan-1 was
Mission mission objective enhanced 2 is slated for successfully
Chandrayaan- of Chandrayaan-2 Analysis of the Science data understanding of the launch in 2012- launched into earth
1& 2 is to soft land at a received from the Satellite. Moon and its 13 orbit on October 22,
suitable site on environment from the 2008. Subsequently,
the lunar surface Chandrayaan-2: analysis of the it was placed in the
and to carry out scientific data intended lunar orbit
in-situ chemical Finalisation of configuration of received from and the Moon Impact
analysis. payloads and payload Chandrayaan satellite. Probe was released
interfaces on to the surface of
Moon on November
Fabrication of structures. 14, 2008. The
scientific instruments
Preliminary Design review. onboard
Chandrayaan-1
Fabrication of spacecraft satisfactorily
subsystems - BMU, Power, RF provided a new
systems. insight on the Moon's
origin and evolution.
Finalisation of Mission Concept.
57
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
35 ADITYA To launch a 127.75 40.00 Finalisation of payload Final outcome is to The project is
spacecraft, which specifications and interface achieve a fundamental approved in
will be the first details. understanding of the 2009-10 with a
Indian Space physical processes total cost of
based solar Initiation of procurement of long that heat the solar Rs 127.75
coronagraph, lead / critical materials. corona, accelerate the Crores.
which will be Procurement of Components. solar wind and
available for solar produce Coronal
coronal Mass Ejections
observation to all (CMEs)
the Indian
researchers in
the field of Solar
Astronomy.
58
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
36 Physical Carryout basic NA 26.00 45.70 --- Installation of a multi collector Partial Outcome: The Research
Research research in the inductively coupled plasma Capability to develop is a
Laboratory areas of mass spectrometer for studies complex payloads and continuous
(PRL) astronomy and of terrestrial and planetary analysis of data for process.
astrophysics, processes. space science and
solar physics, planetary exploration.
planetary Continuation of analysis of the
science, data from Imaging payload and PRL is primarily an R
interplanetary low and high energy X ray & D institution and the
science, earth's payloads of Chandrayaan-1. outcome is in the form
magnetosphere, of expanding our
Sensor Payload ionosphere,atmo NA --- 16.00 --- Fabrication of breadboard knowledge in the
development / sphere, earth's model of the visible airglow areas of Astronomy
Planetary surface and photometer payload planned and Astrophysics,
Science interior, onboard SENSE satellite. Solar physics,
Programme theoretical Planetary science,
physics, quantum Development of payloads based Earth Science,
optics / lasers on nuclear techniques as well Atmospheric science
as wireless sensor networks and related fields.
under PLANEX programme.
Conduct analytical and

experimental studies in
quantum optics.
Studies on interstellar dust

present in primitive meteorites
using Nano-SIMS.
59
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
37 National Carryout NA 2.45 12.00 --- Study of the diurnal variability NARL is basically a The Research NARL, located at
Atmospheric scientific of convection and rainfall. research institute and is a Gadanki, Near
Research research in the outcome of the continuous Tirupati, has
Laboratory Atmospheric Modeling and data centre programme will lead process. established a major
(NARL) Science and establishment related to to expanding our state-of-art
serve as a major Atmospheric science. understanding of the experimental
national complex processes of National MST Radar
experimental Setting up of a Lighting detector the lower and middle Facility for middle
facility for which will give continuous atmosphere. atmospheric
atmospheric observations of the lightning research.
research in the intensity.
NICES country including 1.00
boundary layer, Studies on weather and climate
troposphere, prediction research.
middle
atmosphere, Undertake Climate and
thermosphere Environment Studies.
and ionosphere.
60
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
38 Atmospheric Undertake NA --- 28.45 --- Augmentation of observational The Outcome is The Research An indigenous low
Science studies and network with AWS, Wind Intermediate in nature. and cost version of the
Programme research on profilers, GPS Sonde, DWR and The development development Automatic Weather
development of GPS Receivers. efforts in terms of in atmospheric Station (AWS) has
advanced observational tools science is a been successfully
observational Conduct of GPS based and modeling is continuous realised towards
tools, use of experiments for Meteorology applied by the process. building a network of
satellite data and and Space Sciences. operational agencies AWS in the country,
techniques of towards improved which will
modelling in Mesoscale modeling to improve capabilities for substanitally
atmospheric local weather prediction over weather prediction enhance the data
science leading National Capital Region. and climate inputs for weather
to user products monitoring. modelling.
for adoption by Improved modeling for Regional
operational Weather Prediction.
agencies.
39 RESPOND To strengthen the NA --- 15.00 --- Supporting Research and Development of The Research Over 80 Universities /
academia Development projects at knowledge-base and is a continous institutions from
interaction academic institutions, human resources in process. different parts of the
through universities and Space academic institutions country participate in
collaberative technology cells at IITs / IISc in in the area of space the RESPOND
research, the area of Space science, research. programme. Every
educational and technology and applications. year, about 150 R & D
scientific projects are
activities. undertaken under
this programme.
61
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
40 ISRO To investigate the NA --- 28.96 --- Initiatives on National Action Enhancing the The Research
Geosphere processes Plan for Climate Change. understanding of the and
Biosphere between dynamics of global Development
Programme Geosphere- Carryout studies on aerosol environment & its is a
(ISRO GBP) Biosphere- radiative forcing over India. impact on regional continuous
Atmosphere and climate. process.
Other Schemes their interactions, NA 2.00 13.70 --- Studies on atmospheric trace
radiative forcing, gases, transport and modeling. Improved weather
regional prediction over
climate,micro LU/LC and impact of human Sriharikota which is of
gravity and and dimensions in Indian River paramount
space science Basins. importance for rocket
promotion / launches.
research. Undertaking microgravity
research and space science
promotion activities.
41 Small Satellites To design and 9.85 --- 10.00 --- Mission definition and Partial Outcome: Spacecraft Nano satellite for
for develop small finalisation of payload. Finalisation of the realisation in Aerosol monitoring.
Atmospheric satellites for configuration. 2011-12
Studies and study of Earth's Realisation of subsystems of
Astronomy near space the spacecraft and payload.
environment,
study of aerosol Critical design review
and gases, inner
magnetosphere Spacecraft assembly and
and Solar integration.
Physics
62
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
DIRECTION, ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER PROGRAMMES.
42 Special Indigenous NA --- 231.79 --- Undertaking upgradation of Indigenous capability The More than 150 types
Indigenisation / development of micro electronics fabrication for micro-electronics indigenous of high reliability
Advance high reliability facilities at Semi Conductors fabrication (better development electronic
Ordering electronic Laboratory to better than 0.18 than 0.18 microns). of space components and
components microns. Indigenous realisation materials and space grade
including micro- of ASICs, C band components materials, developed
electronics Dev and productionisation of Li Traveling Wave to maximise and qualified under
devices, space Ion cells Tubes, Solar Cell the self this programme, are
grade materials interconnectors, PCB reliance is a being currently used
and stock piling Development of Traveling Wave connectors, metal film continuous in various satellite
of critical Tubes, solar cell interconnects, resistors, silicon process. and launch vehicles
components and connectors, crystal oscillators, carbide mirrors, of ISRO.
subassemblies Application Specific Integrated lithium ion cells and
for satellites and Circuits (ASICs), Field various metallic, non-
launch vehicles. Programmable Gate Arrays metallic and polymer
(FPGAs), sensor devices, materials.
polymers, chemicals and
metallic materials. These components /
materials are
intermediate products
used in fabrication of
satellites and launch
vehicles.
63
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
43 Others To provide NA 60.39 77.74 --- Corporate functions. Providing overall Continuous
(includes overall direction direction and co- process
mainly ISRO and co-ordination Imparting training to ordination of the
Head quarters, of space international students at UN space programme
Civil programmes in Centre for Space Science and including long term
Engineering the areas of Technology Education for Asia planning.
Division Head Satellite and the Pacific.
quarters, DOS Communications,
secretariat and earth
Central observations,
Management launch vehicle
Expenses) development,
space sciences,
space industry
development,
international co-
operation and
human resource
development.
64
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
INSAT OPERATIONAL
44 Master Control Carrying out NA 25.86 29.17 --- On orbit operations and Providing operational Onorbit MCF has set up an
Facility initial phase maintenance of INSATs, GSATs services of operation and Earth Station in
operations and and METSATs. Geostationary maintenance Bhopal, Madhya
regular on-orbit satellites for the users of satellites is Pradesh to augment
monitoring and Establishment of IRNSS in the area of a continuous the tracking,
control of all Satellite Control Facility and telecommunications, round-the- telemetry and
Geostationary Earth Station terminals. broadcasting and clock process. communication
satellites of ISRO meteorological data. infrastructure for
namely INSATs, Progress of work on setting up GSO satellites.
METSATs and of Optical Tracking System for
GSATs. GEO satellites.
Launch and Early Orbit phase

operations support for GSAT-4
and GSAT-5 satellites.
65
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
45 INSAT-3 Development and 2887.63 --- 77.60 --- INSAT-3D Spacecraft: Partial Outcome: Launch and INSAT-3A, 3B, 3C &
satellites launch of third Realisation of tested operationalisat 3E satellites in INSAT-
(including generation INSAT- Assembly and Integration of the and qualified ion of INSAT- 3 series have already
launch 3 satellites payload and spacecraft. advanced 3D is targeted been launched
services) (INSAT-3A to 3E) meteorological for 2010-11. successfully and are
to augment the Thermal balance and payloads for INSAT- being used
capacity of INSAT Thermovac tests. 3D satellite. operationally.
system.
Dynamic tests. The project is in Currently, INSAT-3A
intermediate stage and Kalpana
Readiness of the spacecraft for and the final outcome, (METSAT-1) are
launch. in terms of availability providing the
of meteorological data meteorological data
from the satellite, will to the users for
accrue after the weather forecasting.
launch and
operationalisation of
INSAT-3D.
66
(Rs. in Crores)
Projects)
1 2 3 4 4(i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 5 6 7 8
46 INSAT-4 Development and 3597.70 --- 574.30 --- Assembly, Integration and INSAT-4D/GSAT-5 will INSAT- INSAT system
Satellites launch of fourth Testing of GSAT-5, GSAT-6 and augment the capacity 4D/GSAT-5, currently has 200
(including generation INSAT- GSAT-8 satellites and their of INSAT system with INSAT- Transponders, which
launch 4 satellites to readiness for launch. additional 4E/GSAT-6 is used for
services) augment the transponders for and INSAT- Telecommunications,
INSAT system Payload and mainframe various 4G/GSAT-8 Broadcasting,
capacity. subsystem realisation of GSAT- telecommunications satellites are Business
(Currently, INSAT- 9, GSAT-10 & GSAT-12 and broadcasting targeted for Communications,
4A to 4G and satellites. services including launch in 2010- Rural Area
GSAT-9, GSAT-10 DTH services. 11. communications,
& GSAT-12 and Emergecny
GSAT-6A have communication and
been approved). developmental
communications.
TOTAL 778.00 5000.00
67
CHAPTER III
REFORM MEASURES AND POLICY INITIATIVES
India has an impressive array of achievements in the area of

development of satellites, launch vehicles, associated ground segment
together with relevant applications. Some of the recent applications of space
technology such as Tele-medicine and Tele-education has had a far reaching
impact on national development. These efforts together with conducive
policies and reform measures adopted by the Department have yielded rich
results.
2. Space Industry Partnership
2.1 The Department of Space has nurtured a strong partnership

with Indian Industries in realizing the objectives of the Space Programme.
More than 500 small, medium and large scale Industries participate in the
programme in the form of hardware development and supply, software and
other services. Almost 60% of a launch vehicle cost flows to Indian
Industries. In the recently developed applications, almost 100% of the
ground segment equipments/ services for Tele-education and Tele-medicine
have been formed out to Indian Industries. The Industry participation policy
of the Department has adopted several aggressive measures to promote the
participation of Industries in the Space Programme. The Department, so far,
has developed and transferred 293 technologies to Industries for
commercialization and has provided 270 technical consultancies in various
fields to facilitate the Indian Industries to
68
acquire the required technical know-how in the areas related to Space. It is
important to note that this partnership with Industries has enabled the
Department to meet the growing challenges of advanced technology,
handling complex manufacturing jobs and increasing demand for space
services without any significant increase in in-house manpower.
3. Improved Delivery Mechanisms
3.1 With a view to take the benefits of space technology to the

common man, the Department has evolved innovative delivery mechanisms
to enhance the effectiveness of space services. One of the important
initiatives in this direction is the Village Resource Centres (VRC)
3.2 VRCs provide a variety of space based products and services,

such as: tele-education; tele-medicine; information on natural resources;
interactive advisories on agriculture, fisheries, land and water resources
management, livestock management etc., interactive vocational training
towards alternate livelihood etc. ISRO primarily provides satellite
connectivity and bandwidth, telemedicine and tele-education facilities and
available/customized spatial information on natural resources along with
indigenously developed query system. The responsibilities of housing,
managing and operating VRCs, with all relevant contents rest with the
associating agencies.
69
3.3 So far more than 473 VRCs have been set up in Andhra
Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu/Pondicherry, Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, West Bengal, A&N Islands. Around 45
NGOs/Trusts/Institutes/Govt. Departments have associated with DOS/ISRO
in VRC programme.
3.4 The feedback from the VRCs has been highly encouraging.
Even though it is difficult to isolate the impact created by VRCs alone since
it is not a stand-alone system, VRC has clearly demonstrated the catalytic
effect to other on-going activities. The programmes conducted cover a wide
gamut, including agriculture, adult and computer literacy, alternate
livelihood related vocational training, marketing of agro-products, micro-
finance/enterprises, live stock management, healthcare and disaster relief
measures. So far more than 5000 programmes have been conducted and
around 400,000 people have availed the services.
*****
70
CHAPTER IV
REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE OF THE MAJOR ONGOING

PROJECTS/PROGRAMMES/CENTRES OF DOS/ISRO
ONGOING PROJECTS/PROGRAMMES
1. Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Project

(Rs. in crores)
Sanctioned Cost Expenditure Budget Revised Budget
to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
1405.49 1405.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
The Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

Project envisages the development of a launch vehicle capable of launching
2 tonne class INSAT type of satellites into Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit
(GTO). The GSLV is configured by replacing the upper two stages of Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) by a single cryogenic stage and the six
solid strap-on motors by four liquid strap-on motors derived from the PSLV
second stage. The first developmental flight of GSLV viz., GSLV-D1 was
launched successfully on April 18, 2001 and the GSAT-1 satellite was
injected in orbit. The second developmental flight viz., GSLV-D2 was
launched successfully on May 08, 2003 injecting GSAT-2 satellite into
orbit. The third test flight, GSLV-D3 carrying the indigenous cryogenic
engine & stage with GSAT-4 satellite onboard is planned during first
71
quarter of 2010-2011. Investment required for realizing GSLV-D3 has been
completed in the previous years and hence no budget provision is shown in
the current year.
2. GSLV-Operational Project
(Rs. in crores)
Sanctioned Expenditure Budget Revised Budget
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
3550.96 1202.05 275.00 235.00 240.00
2.1 In order to meet the launch requirement of 2 tonne class of

operational INSAT/GSAT satellites during the Tenth Plan and beyond, the
GSLV-Operational Project has been conceived. Currently, the
approved scope of the Project include realization of 16 launch vehicles
(F01-F16).
2.2 The first operational flight GSLV-F01 was successfully

launched on September 20, 2004 with GSAT-3 (Edusat) onboard. The
second operational flight GSLV-F02 launched on July 10, 2006 with
INSAT-4C on board was unsuccessful due to malfunctioning of one of the
strapons stages. However, GSLV-F04 carrying INSAT-4CR was
successfully launched on September 2, 2007. The next flight of GSLV
carrying GSAT-5(P) is planned for launch during 2010-11.
72
3. GSLV Mk-III Development
(Rs. in crores)
to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
2498.00 1891.25 217.00 200.20 152.96
GSLV Mk-III is intended to develop a cost effective launch

vehicle capable of launching 4 tonne class of communication satellites in
Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) and upto 10 tonne satellites in Low
Earth Orbit. The Project envisages the development of a number of
technologies which include, amongst others, 200 tonne solid stage booster
(S-200), 25 tonne cryogenic stage (C-25) and L-110 tonne liquid stage
engines as core boosters. Detailed system definition/specification
documents for the flight have been generated based on the final vehicle
configuration. A Solid Propellant Plant (SPP) for manufacturing S-200 solid
boosters for GSLV-MK III was successfully commissioned. Casting and
curing of one of the live S-200 segments was completed successfully
achieving excellent propellant properties. The facilities have undergone
rigorous test and evaluation at various levels and many trials were carried
out using inert propellant to obtain safety clearance from the review
committees. The new S-200 SPP is provided with automation and remote
operation features to reduce manpower and improve safety. With the
present status of progress, the first development flight of GSLV Mk-III is
expected by 2011-2012.
73
4. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle - Continuation (PSLV-C)
Project
(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
2863.52 1431.52 220.00 200.00 250.00
4.1 The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles are capable of placing

1000-1200 kg class IRS satellites in Sun Synchronous Orbit, 1 tonne class
METSAT satellites in Geo-Synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) and 2800 kg
class satellites in Low Earth Orbit.
4.2 The first of the operational flight of PSLV-C series (PSLV-

C1), carrying IRS-1D satellite was successfully launched from Sriharikota
on September 29, 1997 and the second, PSLV-C2 on May 26, 1999. PSLV-
C2 injected IRS-P4 (Oceansat) as well as two foreign satellites, KITSAT-3
of the Republic of Korea and TUBSAT of Germany heralding India’s entry
into commercial launch vehicle market. The third flight, PSLV-C3 was
successfully launched on October 22, 2001, with the Technology
Experiment Satellite (TES), PROBA of Belgium and BIRD of Germany.
The fourth flight, PSLV-C4, was successfully launched on September 12,
2002, injecting the 1060 kg Kalpana-1 (METSAT-1) satellite in the Geo-
synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). This was the first time that a PSLV has
been used to put a satellite in GTO. The fifth in the series, the PSLV-C5
has been successfully launched on October 17, 2003, injecting the 1360 kg
IRS-P6 (Resourcesat-1) satellite in Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit. The sixth
74
in the series, the PSLV-C6 was successfully launched on May 5, 2005
carrying IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1) as the payload. On January 10, 2007, PSLV-
C7 has placed four satellites i.e., Cartosat-2, Space Capsule Recovery
Experiment (SRE-I), LAPAN-TUBSAT and PEHUENSAT-1 in the pre-
determined orbit successfully. PSLV-C8 carrying Italian astronomical
Satellite, Agile and AAM of India as payloads was successfully launched on
April 23, 2007. PSLV-C9 carrying Cartosat-2A/IMS Mission and eight
nano-satellites for International customers was successfully launched on
April 28, 2008. On January 21, 2008, PSLV-C10 has successfully launched
TESCAR Satellite built by IAI, Israel. PSLV-C11 in its fourteenth flight
successfully launched Chandrayaan-1 Spacecraft carrying 11 scientific
payloads on October 22, 2008. PSLV-C12 successfully launched RISAT-2
along with ANUSAT satellites on April 20, 2009. In its recent flight
launched on September 23, 2009, the PSLV- C14 carrying Oceansat-2 along
with six other nano satellites placing it in circular SSPO orbit. With the 15
consecutive successful launches so far, PSLV has repeatedly proved itself as
a reliable, versatile and cost-effective launch vehicle of ISRO. The work on
next 2 flights of PSLV is in progress. The launch of PSLV-C15 & C16 are
planned during the first quarter of 2010-2011.
5. Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) Project

(Rs. in crores)
to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
335.89 335.52 0.37 0.27 0.10
75
The objective of the Project is to develop and qualify an
indigenous restartable cryogenic stage employing liquid oxygen as oxidizer
and liquid hydrogen as fuel for the upper stage of GSLV. The cryo stage
was tested successfully for the full flight duration at LMF, Mahendragiri on
15th November 2007. The CUS flight engine acceptance hot test was
successfully conducted for 200s duration and Engine was operated in both
the nominal and 13% up-rated regimes. CUS3 flight stage mechanical
integration and stage fluid system integration activities were completed.
Main Engine Thrust chamber for next flight (A7) Engine
realized. The flight version of the Indigenous stage has been transported to
Sriharikota for use in the next flight of GSLV. The first flight of the
indigenous cryo stage is targeted for flight testing by GSLV during 2010.
6. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) Projects

(Rs. in crores)
Sanction Expenditure Budget Revised Budget
ed Cost to end of 2009- 2009- 2010-
March 2009 2010 2010 2011
Oceansat-2&3 129.15 116.00 6.00 6.00 1.60
Resourcesat-2&3 138.79 87.45 35.00 25.00 22.00
6.1 Oceansat-2 envisaged as in-orbit replacement to Oceansat-1

carries Ocean Color Monitor and a Ku-band pencil beam Scatterometer. In
addition, it carries a Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmospheric Studies
(ROSA), developed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Oceansat-2 is used
for identification of Potential Fishing Zones, sea state forecasting, coastal
76
zone studies and provide inputs for weather forecasting and climatic studies.
The spacecraft was launched successfully onboard PSLV-C14 on 23rd
September 2009. The payloads have been commissioned and the
performance of the spacecraft is normal.
6.2 Taking into account the increased use of space imageries for
different applications and continued Earth Observation services required
from the IRS satellites, Resourcesat-2 has been conceived as a continuity
mission with enhanced capabilities, which will be mainly for crop
applications, vegetation dynamics and natural resources census applications.
6.3 The main-frame and payload platform structure have been

delivered to Assembly Integration and Test (AIT) facility of ISAC. Other
mechanical elements like solar panel deployment mechanisms, hold down
and release mechanisms are under realization. The spacecraft is configured
using conventional FPGA based AOCE which is under fabrication. All
electronic subsystems are under advanced stages of fabrication and testing.
Resourcesat-2 is slated for launch during 2010-2011 on-board PSLV.
7. Radar Imaging Satellite-1 Project (RISAT-1)

(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
378.49 368.37 5.00 6.50 3.50
77
7.1 The Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) with active microwave
sensors, mainly, synthetic aperture radar is intended to provide all-weather,
day and night imaging capability providing vital inputs during Khariff
season for various agricultural and disaster management applications.
Besides, with the known sub-surface penetration and the relief
measurements capabilities, the microwave imaging from RISAT-1 will aid
many other resources management applications, either in a stand-alone
mode or in complementary to electro-optical sensors.
7.2 The development of complex technologies pertaining to

synthetic aperture radar antenna of size 6mx2m, hosting a number of
radiative elements, a large number of MMIC based T/R modules feeding the
radiative elements, a number of power converters supplying power to all
these elements, signal distribution and calibration network, range and
azimuth compression onboard, data compression as well as handling very
high average DC power of around 3 KW during payload operations etc.,
form part of the overall mission, hitherto not attempted in IRS satellites.
Corresponding developments on the ground data processing systems with
large computational requirements is yet another requirement. Qual models
of critical technologies like 640 Mbps data handling systems and ASIC
based BMU development have been realized. Delivery of the structure has
been completed and all 13 SAR tiles fabrication has been completed &
delivered to SAC, Ahmedabad for SAR antenna integration and testing.
Propulsion integration is completed and electronic subsystems are under
advanced stage of fabrication. The satellite weighs around 1840 kg and is in
the final stages of development and it will be launched onboard PSLV
during 2010-2011.
78
8. Indian Lunar Mission – Chandrayaan-1&2
(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
811.00 381.49 90.00 19.50 100.00
8.1 The main objective of the Indian Lunar Mission – Chandrayaan-

1 is for expanding the scientific knowledge about the Moon, upgrading the
technological capability and providing challenging opportunity for planetary
research benefiting the human society at large. Detailed configuration
studies on the follow on mission Chandrayaan-2 have been completed and
the project proposal has been approved by the Government.
8.2 Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft was launched from the Satish Dhawan

Space Centre, SHAR, Sriharikota onboard PSLV-C11 on 22nd October
2008. The data collected from various payloads of Chandrayaan-1 were
analysed by world wide scientists and the final products were presented and
discussed in Chandrayaan-1 Science meets held at Bangalore on 29th
January 2009 and subsequently at Goa from 31st August 2009 to 4th
September 2009.
8.3 The baseline mission objective of Chandrayaan-2 is to soft land

at a suitable site on the lunar surface and to carry out in-situ chemical
analysis. Chandrayaan-2 is envisaged as a two module configuration
comprising of Orbiter Craft (OC) module, derived from mainframe of
79
Chandrayaan-1 and Lander Craft module (LC). Both the modules are
interfaced mechanically by a inter module adapter. Lander craft will also
carry rovers. Preliminary studies for the landing site selection have been
done and a possible list of payloads has been prepared. The spacecraft is
planned to be launched during 2012.
9. Astrosat 1&2
(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
177.85 140.94 20.00 13.70 10.00
ASTROSAT is a dedicated and state of the art Indian Multi-

wavelength Astronomy satellite. The objective of the Astrosat project is to
build and launch an astronomical observatory satellite for expanding the
scientific knowledge about the evolution of stellar objects and gather
valuable scientific data on high energy Astronomy and Astrophysics
research. The satellite will enable study of stellar objects simultaneously
covering a range of high-energy radiations [gamma rays, X-rays and
far/near Ultra Violet (UV) rays] hitherto not possible from any other current
or planned global astronomy mission upto 2010. Detailed design &
engineering of the payload & spacecraft systems has been completed. The
configuration of the spacecraft was finalized and the sub-system fabrication
has been initiated. The Satellite is planned to be launched on-board PSLV
during 2010-2011.
80
10. INSAT-3 Satellites (including Launch Services)
(Rs. in crores)

Cost to end of 2009- 2009- 2010-
March 2009 2010 2010 2011
INSAT-3
Satellites 2979.63 2952.64 8.70 5.50 77.60
& Launch
Services
The objectives of INSAT-3 Spacecraft Project are to (i) build

five INSAT-3 satellites (INSAT-3A to 3E) keeping flexibility for mid-course
corrections to accommodate emerging requirements, carry out mission
planning, launch campaign and initial phase operations and (ii) establish
required programme elements for carrying out the same. INSAT-3B was
launched on March 22, 2000, INSAT-3C on January 24, 2002, INSAT-3A
on April 10, 2003 and INSAT-3E on September 28, 2003. INSAT-3D,
configured as an advanced meteorological satellite with new payloads such
as Imager and Sounder is targeted for launch during 2010-2011. For the
INSAT-3D spacecraft, FM Sounder payload testing is completed and FM
Imager payload system level optimization is in progress. Mainframe
elements, structure along with north & south equipment panels are available.
Propulsion system integration is completed and Power & TTC-RF
subsystems are delivered to AIT. Batteries and all sensors are available.
Rest of the bus-system elements are in advanced stages of realisation and the
launch is planned during 2010-2011.
81
11. INSAT-4 Satellites (including Launch Services)
(Rs. in crores)
Cost end of 2009- 2009- 2010-
March 2009 2010 2010 2011
INSAT-4 3597.70 784.53 373.00 187.80 574.30
Leasing of
Transponders - - 2.00 2.00 25.00
11.1 The fourth generation INSAT-4/GSAT Satellite series has been

planned to meet the capacity and service requirements in the areas of
Satellite Telecommunications Broadcasting, DTH, Emergency
Communications & Mobile Multimedia Services. The sanctioned cost of
the first two satellites in the INSAT-4 series, INSAT-4A & 4B, approved in
March 2004 is Rs.453.00 crores for spacecraft development and Rs.901.00
crores for Launch Services. The objective of INSAT-4A & 4B Project is to
design and develop high power satellites with 12 C-band and 12 Ku-band
transponders which will enhance the capacity of the INSAT system
considerably.
11.2 The sanctioned cost of INSAT-4C satellite, planned for launch

onboard GSLV is Rs.95.75 crores and will carry 12 Ku band transponders.
INSAT-4D/GSAT-5 is configured to carry 24 C-band transponders & the
total sanctioned cost is Rs.123.75 crores. The configuration of INSAT-4D
has been finalized and payload integration is in progress. GSAT-5 PRIME
envisaged as on-orbit replacement for INSAT-3E shall carry 24 Normal-C
82
Band and 12 Extended C-Band transponders. The spacecraft weights 2330
kgs and has a power generation capability of 2000W. The layouts for all
equipment panels are finalized. North payload panel integration is in
progress at SAC, Ahmedabad. Fabrication of bus system elements are
initiated in view of sub-systems being diverted to GSAT-5 Prime on
priority.
11.3 The sanctioned cost of INSAT-4E/GSAT-6, the multi-media

satellite is Rs.269.00 crores. Primary goal of GSAT-6 is to cater to the
consumer requirements of providing entertainment and information services
to vehicles through Digital Multimedia consoles and to the Multimedia
mobile phones. The spacecraft carries a 5 spot BSS and 5 spot MSS. The
spacecraft is configured based on 1-2K bus system with a lift off mass of
2200kg and payload power of 2300W. Power systems is configured with
single bus providing 70V regulated bus for the TWTAs and 42 V regulated
bus for the mainframe system and other payload elements. Multi-junction
solar cells for power generation and Lithium-Ion batteries for power storage
has been used. GSAT-8/INSAT-4G Communication Satellite is a state-of-
art Satellite, which will have 18 Ku band transponders for (a) augmenting
the INSAT System Capacity in Ku-band (b) providing a second
Geostationary augmentation payload for the GPS and GEO Augmented
Navigation operational phase and (c) providing continued and uninterrupted
service. The sanctioned cost of G.SAT-8/INSAT-4G Communication
Satellite is Rs.610.00 crores. GSAT-9 will augment INSAT capacity and
act a stand-by for high-power Ku-band capacity to be provided by INSAT-
4A/4B/4CR/4G spacecrafts for Direct-to-Home (DTH) and Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) applications. GSAT-9 is identical to INSAT-4C
83
with 12 high power Ku-band transponders providing India coverage. In
addition, it will carry the third GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation
(GAGAN) payload. The sanctioned cost of GSAT-9 is Rs.140.00 crores
and that of GSAT-12 is Rs.80.00 crores. The satellite will carry 12
Extended C-band transponders. Fabrication of bus systems are in progress
on fast track and launch is planned onboard PSLV.
11.4 The first satellite in the fourth generation INSAT-4 series,

INSAT-4A has been successfully launched on December 22, 2005 from
Kourou, French Guyana, which carried 12C band and 12 Ku band high
power transponders enabling DTH broadcasting. The INSAT-4B has been
successfully launched on March 12, 2007 and is identical INSAT-4A. The
replacement satellite INSAT-4CR (cost Rs.43.20 crores) has been realised
on fast track mode and launched successfully on September 2, 2007 onboard
GSLV-F04. Works on INSAT-4D, INSAT-4E, INSAT-4F (user funded),
INSAT-4G, GSAT-9, GSAT-10 & GSAT-12 are in progress.
12. Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1 & 2)

(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
76.20 70.45 12.00 9.00 4.93
The main objective of the Space Capsule Recovery Experiment

(SRE) is to develop and demonstrate capability to recover an orbiting capsule
back to earth and to carryout micro-gravity experiments in orbit. The
84
recoverable capsule (SRE-1) was successfully launched onboard PSLV-C7
on January 10, 2007 and successfully recovered from the Bay of Bengal after
re-entry from orbit on January 22, 2007. SRE-1 was a unique mission
incorporating several Key technologies such as reusable thermal protection
system, deceleration and flotation system, re-entry control and propulsion
systems, space qualified parachute systems, locating aids, etc. The successful
recovery of SRE-1 is a major landmark achievement of Indian Space
Programme and it has laid a strong technological foundation for future re-
usable launch vehicle systems. The work on SRE-2 is in progress. The SRE-
2 will be launched by PSLV during 2010-2011.
13. GSAT-4
(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
99.00 96.60 2.90 2.40 0.00
13.1 GSAT-4 Satellite has been configured for conducting various

experiments in the Ka band communications area and early introduction of
geo-based navigation system. Propulsion with four stationary plasma
thrusters, Bus Management Unit (BMU), miniaturized dynamically tuned
gyros, 36 AH Lithium ion battery, 70 bus for ka-band TWTAs, ob-board
structural dynamic vibration bean accelerometer are some of the new
technologies developed for the mission. The spacecraft weighs around 2200
kg and has a payload power of 1600W. GSAT-4 will be positioned at 820
East longitude.
85
13.2 The spacecraft integration and test activities are in advanced
stage. The spacecraft close mode IST is completed. The thermovaccum
tests were completed successfully and the Spacecraft Dynamic and CATF
tests are in progress. The GSAT-4 satellite is planned for launch on board
GSLV during the first quarter of 2010-2011.
14. Navigational Satellite System

(Rs. in crores)
Cost to end of 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
March 2009
1420.00 257.18 270.00 220.00 262.10
14.1 The main objective of the Satellite Navigation program is to

establish a regional Indian Satellite Navigation System & explore
opportunities for participation in global systems.
14.2 The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is

planned to be a constellation of 7 satellites – 3 in GEO and 4 in GSO orbit.
IRNSS when implemented is expected to provide position accuracies similar
to GPS in a region centered around India with a coverage extending upto
1500 km from India. The IRNSS project has been approved in June 2006.
The Spacecraft configuration has been finalized and the sub-system
fabrication is in progress. The spacecraft configuration has been finalized
and the Satellite of the constellation are being configured identically and the
spacecraft weighs 1380 Kgs. A procurement strategy is formulated and
86
procurement of components and strategic materials for ten spacecraft has
been initiated. Most of the standard hardware is productionised with the
support of external vendors. The ground system augmentation has also been
taken up. The first IRNSS Satellite (IRNSS-1) is targeted for launch in
2011.
DEPARTMENT OF SPACE/ISRO CENTRES/UNITS
15. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)

(Rs. in crores)
Budget Revised Budget
20098-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
613.42 625.43 583.66
15.1 VSSC, located around picturesque Veli Hills near

Thiruvananthapuram, is the lead Centre for the development of satellite
launch vehicles and sounding rockets. The Centre has developed expertise
in aeronautics covering aerodynamics, flight mechanics, thermal analysis
and structural engineering; mechanical engineering covering manufacturing
technology; production and computer aided design; avionics covering
control and guidance; TTC systems and on-board computers; propellants,
polymers, chemicals, materials and metallurgy; propulsion and space
ordinance, launch vehicle mechanism and launch vehicle design, composite
materials and systems reliability. VSSC has extension Centres at Valiamala
housing the major facilities of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
and at Vattiyoorkavu for the development of reinforced plastics and
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composites (the Reinforced Plastics Facility). An Ammonium Perchlorate
Experimental Plant (APEP) is located at Aluva, near Kochi. VSSC also
supports the (i) Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), the
international sounding rocket range (ii) Rohini Sounding Rocket (RSR)
Programme and (iii) Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), which carries out
research in atmospheric and related space sciences.
Major Achievements during 2009-2010
15.2 Major achievements during the year 2009-2010 was successful

mission of PSLV-C12 which was launched on April 20, 2009 carrying
RISAT-2 along with ANUSAT and successfully launch of Oceansat-2 along
with six other nano satellites in circular SSPO orbit on September 23, 2009.
Besides this, VSSC integrated and tested PSLV-C15 to launch Cartosat-2B
Satellites. There is a good progress in Manned Mission Initiative/Human
Space Flight Programme viz., configuration of crew escape system,
completion of system concept review. Preparation of base documents on
various subsystems and execution methodology of Astronaut Training
Centre for HSP.
Major Activities Planned during 2010-2011
15.3 During 2010-2011 realisation of PSLV-C16 (Resourcesat-2,

XSAT, Youthsat), PSLV-C17 (RISAT-1), PSLV-C18 (Mega-Trophiques),
PSLV-C19 (SRE-2, PROTIERS) and PSLV-C20 (SARAL, SAPPHIRE,
NLS-7) flights and GSLV-F06 (GSAT-5P) and GSLV-F05 (GSAT-6). It is
planned to complete S-200 Static Test (ST-02), L110 Stage Test completion
and Engine Development Readiness of C25 cryo engine for GSLV MK III.
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Completion of Advanced R&D projects, viz., installation of 6MW Plasma
wind tunnel facility, Realization of 1m Hypersonic Wind Tunnel & 1m
Shock tunnel facility, Installation & commissioning of Indigenous 250kN
Shaker and Realization & installation of Angular Motion Simulator are also
planned.
16. ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
30.84 29.71 28.78
16.1 The ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) situated at

Thiruvananthapuram is responsible for research and development in the area
of inertial sensors, inertial systems, navigation software, actuators &
mechanisms and to realise the flight units of these system for the launch
vehicle and satellite programmes. The Unit is organised into research and
development divisions in the fields of launch vehicle inertial systems,
spacecraft inertial systems, inertial sensors evaluation & simulation, inertial
system production and reliability & quality assurance. IISU is equipped
with facilities for precision fabrication, assembly & clean room, integration
& testing.
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16.2 Following were the major achievements made during 2009-10:-
(i) Realized flight and flight standby RESINS MK IV for PSLV-

C14/OCEANSAT-2 Mission and provided launch support;
(ii) Realization of flight and flight standby RESINS MK IV for PSLV-

C15/RESOURCESAT 1-2/YOUTHSAT Mission, launch support
and post flight analysis;
(iii) Realization of flight and flight standby RESINS MK IV for PSLV-

C16/SRE-2 Mission, launches support and post flight analysis;
(iv) Realization of flight and flight standby RESINS MK IV for PSLV

C17/MEGHATROPIQUE Mission;
(v) Realization of flight and flight standby GAINS deliverables for

PSLV C14, C15, C16 and C17 Missions;
(vi) Realization of flight and flight standby RESINS MK IV for

GSLV-F06/GSAT-5 Mission;
(vii) Realization of RLV INS and GAINS, Simulator soft wares;
(viii) Qualification of RESINS MK IV for RLV-TD Mission;
(ix) Realization of flight and flight standby IMU for SRE-2 Mission;
(x) Development of on-board and simulation software for Mini

RESINS;
(xi) Development of checkout systems for Mini RESINS;
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(xii) Realization and qualification of AINS-200, single cluster
redundant inertial navigation system with six ILG-200 and 6 CSAs
in Hexad Triad configuration for GSLV-F06 mission and delivery
of proto for GSLV MK-III Hardware realization under progress;
(xiii) Design & Development of ILG-Digital and CSA-Digital and CSA-

Digital in progress;
Major Programmes for 2010-2011
16.3 During 2010-2011 following activities are planned:-
(i) Realization of flight and standby systems of RESINS and GAINS

for five PSLV and two GSLV Missions and launch support;
(ii) Flight-testing of Mini RESINS and MEMS RGP in GSLV

mission in piggyback mode;
(iii) Qualification of 12 channel high dynamic GNSS receiver;
(iv) Realization of high performance navigation processor;
(v) Realization of Qualification Model of DRINS for Human

Spaceflight Programme;
(vi) Realization of MEMS based Aided INS (MAINS);
(vii) Realization of Inertial systems for GSAT-5, IRNSS, ASTROSAT,

SRE 2, GSAT-10 & GSAT-7;
(viii) Realization of Flight & FS Momentum Wheels for INSAT &

GSAT projects;
(ix) Realization of Flight & FS Reaction Wheels for CARTOSAT-2C,

ASTROSAT & IRNSS series projects;
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(x) Delivery of AINS-200 flight for GSLV-MK III;
(xi) Delivery of RGPD FM for GSLV-MK III;
(xii) Realisation of Flight & FS Momentum Wheels for INSAT &

GSAT projects;
(xiii) Realisation of Flight & FS Reaction Wheels for CARTOSAT-2C,

ASTROSAT & IRNSS series projects;
(xiv) Realisation of 60 DTGs for various projects;
(xv) Delivery of RGPD FM for GSLV MK III;
(xvi) Realisation of IRU with small ILG for possible application in

spacecraft missions;
(xvii) Establishment of a LCO2 storage facility for 3–axis AMS with

thermal chamber;
17. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
285.93 285.55 303.54
17.1 The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), with its

facilities located at Thiruvananthapuram (Valiamala), Mahendragiri and
Bangalore is the lead Centre in the area of liquid propulsion encompassing
earth storable and cryogenic propulsion systems for launch vehicle and
spacecraft programmes. The launch vehicle engine and stage design
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activities are carried out at its facilities at Valiamala. Spacecraft propulsion
systems engineering, mono-propellant thruster development and transducer
production activities are carried out at its facilities at Bangalore. Earth
storable and cryogenic engine and stage facilities, assembly and integration
of engine and stages for launch vehicles, propellant storage and Liquid
Hydrogen production facilities are located at Mahendragiri.
♦ Flight acceptance hot test of A6 flight engine conducted successfully

for 200 s duration;
♦ CE20 sea level Thrust chamber (TC-01) has been realized;
♦ L110 stage (with SS version Propellant Tanks) realized for ground

test, Phase 1 cold gimbal checks, functional checks; Phase 2 cold
gimbal checks etc., has been completed and stage moved to (PTS)
and all mechanical activities on the stage completed;
♦ PDR of RCS completed, development of 200N Mono Propellant

Hydrazine thruster completed, SITVC system tested successfully
during static test of HS9 booster, Mono Propellant Gas Generator for
Auxiliary Power Systems Unit (APSU) with 25 cc/s flow rate tested
successfully for 1000 s duration;
♦ Integrated Propulsion system delivered for GSAT-4, Hylas and

INSAT-3D;
♦ Indigenous cathode development for Electric Propulsion System has

been completed successfully;
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♦ Integrated test of indigenous Cathode with 18mN imported thrusters
were conducted demonstrating the cathode performance as electron
source and neutralizer for SPT application;
Major Activities Planned during 2010-2011
♦ Integrated engine realization and development of hot test;
♦ Development stage realization, fluid mockup and development test;
♦ Engine realization for flight stage and flight acceptance test at TCT
facility;
♦ Hardware realization for flight stage;
♦ Realisation of hardware & commencement of flight stage integration;
♦ Realisation and delivery of flight stage and fluid mock up stage.
♦ Single element injector hot tests at SPTF facility;
♦ Realization of subscale thrust chamber and Pre-burner;
♦ Procurement of materials for engines;
♦ Award of fabrication contracts for engine subsystems;
♦ Engine actuator system design and Hypergolic slug igniter

developments;
♦ Realisation of full scale engineering model of engine to establish the

fabrication process and also for cold flow testing;
♦ Indigenisation of metallic and non-metallic materials;

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♦ Realisation and delivery of PS2, PS4 stages and Control Power Plants
for PSLV mission;
♦ Realisation and delivery of GS2 stages and L40 stages for GSLV
mission;
♦ Integrated propulsion system delivery for satellite missions;
♦ Launch campaign activities for launch vehicle and satellite missions;
♦ Qualification of 18mN & 75 mN indigenious SPT thruster;
♦ Development of nano heat transfer technology for augmentation of

heat transfer in thrust chamber;
♦ Studies on Heat pipe nozzle cooling for high specific impulse rocket
engines;
♦ Development of annular spike thrust chamber;
♦ Development of weight optimized cryo insulation for cryogenic

tanks;
♦ Development of pulsed plasma thruster and development of thermal

propellant gauging system;
♦ Development of Electronic Pressure Regulator (EPR) for chemical

propulsion;
♦ Indigenous and qualification of Vikas engine bought out items;
♦ Augmentation and commissioning of MET facility for CE20 engine

and C25 stage test;
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♦ Cryo Sub-system Test Facility commissioning;
♦ Scramjet test facility commissioning for semi-cryo main injector

element testing;
♦ TCT augmentation for semi-cryo subscale engine test;
♦ Continuation of L40 stage assembly and integration at M/s HAL;
♦ Production of earth storable propellants will be continued through

industry;
18. ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
304.87 332.45 420.19
18.1 The ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) at Bangalore is the lead

Centre for Satellite Technology. ISAC is carrying out conceptualization,
design, fabrication, testing and integration and in-orbit commissioning of
satellite systems through time bound projects. Cutting edge technologies
meeting various mission requirements are developed in the Centre keeping
ISAC in the forefront of spacecraft technology frontiers. ISAC is
functionally organised in six major areas: Mechanical Systems Area, Digital
and Communication Area, Integration and Checkout Area, Power Systems
and Avionics Production Area, Controls and Missions Area and Reliability
and Components Area. Electronic and Mechanical fabrication facilities,
Environmental test facilities support the centre in fabrication and testing
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activities. Programme Planning and Evaluation Group is responsible for all
planning and acts as the central coordinating agency and technical
secretariat of Director of Centre. Space Astronomy and Instrumentations
Division has been involved in optical, X-ray and Gamma ray astronomy
research with strong emphasis on instrumentation. Computer and
Information Group is responsible for establishment and management of
centralised IT infrastructure in ISAC. Avionics Production Division is the
nodal agency for production of standardized electronic packages. Three
Programme Management Offices coordinate the implementation of the
INSAT, IRS & Small satellites and Navigation Progammes.
18.2 ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment (ISITE)

functioning under ISAC is equipped with state-of-the-art clean room
facilities for spacecraft integration and test facilities including 6.5M thermo
vacuum chamber, 29T vibration facility and Compact Antenna Test Facility
under one roof. INSAT-4B, INSAT-4CR, W2M and GSAT-4 spacecraft
have been successfully tested using these facilities.
♦ The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), one of the payloads onboard

Chandrayaan-1 detected water molecules (H2O) and hydroxyl
across the surface of the Moon;
♦ Anusat, the first micro-satellite built by Anna University under the

guidance of ISAC was launched on 20th April 2009;
97
♦ After completion of all assembly, integration and testing activities,
the Oceansat-2 was launched onboard PSLV-C14 on 23rd
September 2009;
♦ The GSAT-4 is presently undergoing thermovac performance test

after completion of AIT;
♦ AIT activities for HYLAS, a commercial project for AVANTHI

has also achieved significant progress and disassembled more
testing is in projects;
♦ Fabrication of subsystems for INSAT-3D, GSAT-5, GSAT-6 and

GSAT-8 is in progress;
♦ GSAT-12 envisaged as replacement for INSAT-3E is being

realized, to be launched onboard PSLV;
♦ The configuration for GSAT-10, GSAT-9 and GSAT-7 have been

finalized;
♦ GSAT-11, a 4000 kg satellite based on 1-4K bus is being

configured;
♦ Subsystem fabrication and testing activities for Resourcesat-2,

RISAT-1, Megha-tropiques, Youthsat, SRE-2, SARAL, GSAT-
5/12/8 are in various stages;
♦ The configuration is being finalized for Chandrayaan-2 and

development activities have been taken up for Rover to be flown
on Chandrayaan-2;
♦ Finalised Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)

configuration;
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♦ Productionaisation of standardized subsystems of Telemetry &
Telecommand, Power Electronic Packages, Bus Management Unit
(BMU), Solar panel, Battery, Structure, Heat pipes, deployment
mechanisms etc., have been planned with the support of external
industries;
♦ Realize sub-systems for Meghatropiques, RISAT-1, Youthsat,

SRE-2, INSAT-3D, GSAT-5, GSAT-6, GSAT-12, GSAT-7,
Cartosat-2B, SARAL and IRNSS-1 satellites;
♦ Fabricate subsystems for ASTROSAT, GSAT-8 and GSAT-10

spacecraft;
♦ Finalisation of configuration for Chandrayaan-2, Catosat-3,

Aditya, GSAT-9, Geo Imaging Satellite and GSAT-11;
♦ Commissioning of Accoustic Test Facility at ISITE;
♦ Procurement and establishment of some of the major facilities like

HILS Facility, Anechoic chamber, SMD Facility, High Power Test
Lab, Advanced electronic packaging facility etc;
♦ Structure delivery and fabrication activities for GSAT-9 and

GSAT-12 are planned to be completed during the year;
♦ Complete structure design for GSAT-11 commensurate with bus

system design development and qualification;
♦ Finalize structural model configuration of service module,

finalisation of interfaces, PDR, AIT of structural model and
initiation of engineering model activities;
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♦ Complete GSAT-11 commensurate with bus system design
development and qualification;
♦ Megha-tropiques, Astrosat and SARAL spacecraft are targeted for

launch during the year;
♦ Complete development and realisation of the indigenous lander

rover of Chandrayaan-2;
♦ Realise 0.25 mtr resolution optics for Cartosat-3;
♦ Finalise structural model configuration of service module,

finalisation of interfaces, PDR, AIT of structural model and
initiation of engineering model activities;
19. Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
44.59 37.09 40.14
19.1 The Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) at

Bangalore is responsible for design, development and production of electro-
optics sensors like earth sensors, star sensors, sun sensors, magnetic sensors,
temperature sensors and optical gyros for spacecraft use. LEOS is also
responsible for the fabrication of various types of optics for satellite cameras
& radiometers and development of indigenous detectors for spacecraft.
LEOS is also involved in the development of miniature sensors Micro
Electro Mechanical Sensor (MEM) devices, development of Charge
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Coupled Devices (CCD), Time Delay Integration (TDI) devices with
external participation.
♦ Integration of all sensors and optics for OCEANSAT-2, which has

been successfully launched recently;
♦ Completion of integration and testing of all sensors for HYLAS and

GSAT-4;
♦ Initiated action for test & evaluation of sensors for INSAT-3D,

GSAT-5, GSAT-6, GSAT-8, GSAT-12, RISAT-1, CARTOSAT-
2B, ASTROSAT, RESOURCESAT-2, & YOUTHSAT;
♦ Fabrication and testing of sensors and electronics for GSAT-7 & 10,
SARAL, SRE-2, MEGHATROPIQUES and IRNSS spacecrafts;
♦ Test & Evaluation of new ‘Miniature star tracker’;
♦ Development of APS based star sensor & APS sun sensor;
♦ Delivery of AwiFS optics for Resourcesat-2 and primary and

secondary mirrors for CARTOSAT-2B optics delivered to SAC;
♦ Final Testing of LISS-3 optics for Resourcesat-2;
♦ Test and Evaluation of Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT)

optics for ASTROSAT;
♦ Fabrication and Testing of Telescope optics for Cartosat-2C and

Cartosat-2D;
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♦ Completion of new design of High Resolution Optics (HRC) for
CARTOSAT-3;
♦ Completion of demonstration of ATP (Acquisition, Tracking &

Pointing) concept for Optical Inter-Satellite Link using APS based
acquisition sensor and Telescope Gimbals;
♦ Development of High speed Data simulation cards (up to 200

Mbps) as one of the channels of 2.5 Gbps data rate;
♦ Satellite integration level testing of sensors and launch of

CARTOSAT-2B, YOUTHSAT, GSAT-4, RSOURCESAT-2 &
SRE-2;
♦ Development of Fibre Optics Gyro;
♦ Development of Sensors and Optics for CARTOSAT-3,

CHANDRAYAAN-2 and development of Laser Induced
Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) payload and Camera for LAND
ROVER;
♦ Development of Optical Inter-Satellite Link sensor, indigenous

LASER Source for LIDAR and Laser Induced Breakdown
Spectroscope (LIBS) for interplanetary missions &
CHANDRAYAAN-2;
♦ Development of Silicon Carbide (SiC) optics technology,

Accelerometer & micro-bolometer;
♦ Establishment of Optical grinding machine, polishing machine and

cell centering machine for fabrication and testing of High
Resolution Optics;
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♦ Establishment of “Thermal Shock Chamber” for in-house
screening of on-board electronic components;
20. Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
340.41 361.24 386.90
20.1 Satish Dhawan Space Centre-SHAR (SDSC-SHAR) is the

principal operational Centre for launching Sounding Rockets and Satellite
Launch Vehicles. The activities at SDSC-SHAR are grouped under vehicle
assembly & static test operations, range operations, liquid storage & service
facilities and solid propellant booster plant. The main facilities in the
Centre include those for production of solid propellant rocket boosters,
ground and environmental qualification of rocket motors and their sub-
systems, integration, check-out and launch of satellite launch vehicles,
liquid propellants & cryogenic propellants storage and servicing facilities,
tracking and telecommand stations, real-time data processing and range &
flight safety.
♦ Integration and successful launch of PSLV-C12/RISAT-2 &

ANUSAT mission from Second Launch Pad (SLP) on 20th April
2009;
♦ Production of S139 Segments and one High Performance Motor;
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♦ Integration, Checkout and successful launch of PSLV-C14
carrying Oceansat-2 from First Launch Pad (FLP) on 23rd
September 2009;
♦ Production of nine S139 segments and two S139 segment and two
High Performance Motor planned;
♦ Integration of L40’s with GS1, GS2 of GSLV-D3 at SLP

completed;
♦ Planned to produce two S139 segments for GSLV project;
♦ Casting of S200 MS for the first S200 static test motor, Head End
Segment for second S200 static test motor for GSLV-Mk III
Project;
♦ Planned to assemble and static testing of first S200 motor;
♦ Planned to produce of S200 segments (MS & NES) for second

static test motor for GSLV-Mk III;
♦ Sea level testing of Retro & Ullage motors for PSLV-C15, C16 &
GSLV-D3 flights;
♦ Production of 10 Nos S139 Segments & two HPS3 Motor for

PSLV Project;
♦ Integration and launch of PSLV Flights PSLV-C16 (Resourcesat-
2, XSAT, Youthsat), PSLV-C17 (RISAT-1), PSLV-C18 (Megha-
Tropiques), PSLV-C19 (SRE-2, PROTIERS) and PSLV-C20
(SARAL, SAPPHIRE, NLS-7);
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♦ Production of ten S200 segments for static test motor (02) for
GSLV Mk-III Project;
♦ Static test of S200-St-02 and processing of two S200 motors for

GSLV Mk-III Project;
♦ Structural testing of MK3 elements at SSPF and GRT testing of

Mk3 stages at SSAB for GSLV Mk-III Project;
♦ Fluid mock-up for L110 & C25 stages of GSLV Mk-III Project;
♦ High Altitude, Vibration testing, Sea level testing of Retro &

Ullage motors for flight hardware’s;
♦ Vibration test for GSLV MK-III sub-assemblies;
21. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network

(ISTRAC)
(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
101.12 101.98 88.01
21.1 ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)

provides mission support to low-earth orbit satellites as well as for launch
vehicle missions. The other major responsibilities of the network are to
carryout mission operations for all operational remote sensing and scientific
satellites, to provide TTC services from ignition till satellite injection into
orbit and to estimate the preliminary orbit in space in case of launch vehicle
missions and to take up developmental activities for providing flawless TTC
105
and mission operations services. ISTRAC has established a network of
ground stations at Bangalore, Lucknow, Mauritius, Sriharikota, Port Blair
and Thiruvananthapuram. The Spacecraft Control Centre (SCC) co-located
with the Bangalore Ground Station, carries out round-the-clock operations.
ISTRAC also operates the Local User Terminal/Mission Control Centre
(LUT/MCC) under the International programme for Satellite-Aided Search
and Rescue. An Indian Deep Space Tracking Network Station at Byalalu
near Bangalore for India’s Moon Mission, Chandrayaan-1 has been recently
established by ISTRAC.
♦ Establishment & Operationalisation of Chandrayaan-1 LEOP Network

consisting of APL, JPL-NASA, Brazilian Space and Hawaii station of
Universal Space Network (USN);
♦ Carried out LEOP and normal phase operations support for

Chandrayaan-1 till the end of mission;
♦ Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) support for PSLV-C12/RISAT-

2/ANUSAT mission;
♦ Continued to provide operations and maintenance of TTC Network

stations at SDSC-SHAR, Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram, Port Blair,
Brunei, Biak and Mauritius. In addition to these, continued to maintain
two deep space network terminals viz. DSN-18 & DSN-32 operating in
S/X bad and a trailer mounted 4.3 m terminal operating in S Band;
♦ Continued to provide mission operations and payload programming for

IRS series of satellites, CARTOSAT-1, CARTOSAT-2, CARTOSAT-
2A, IMS, IRS P6, IRS P4, TES, IRS 1D and HAMSAT;
106
♦ Activities related to Launch & Early Orbit Phase support for GSLV-
D3/GSAT-04, PSLV-C15 and CARTOSAT-2B have been geared up;
♦ Provided initial acquisition support for RAZAKSAT Satellite from

Bangalore-02 TC Station;
♦ Continued to provide Satcom Hub support for Spacenet, Telemedicine

and VRC services;
♦ Established and operationalised ultra-high bandwidth (up to 20 MBPS)

communication links connecting mission control centre with far flung
ground stations of ISRO and other space agencies for Chandrayaan-I
mission;
♦ Extended support for IRS-1D & TES normal phase operations and
skeletal operations of IRS-1C as part of Disaster Management Plan for
spacecraft operations;
♦ Infrastructural works related to IRNSS Navigation Control Centre and

IRNSS Timing Centre are nearing completion and the same are expected
to be commissioned shortly;
♦ Continuation of Spacecraft operations and payload programming for

Oceansat-02, CARTOSAT-2A, CARTOSAT-2, CARTOSAT-1, IRS P6,
IRS P4, TES, IRS 1D, IMS-1 and HAMSAT;
♦ Operate and maintain TTC network stations at Bangalore, Sriharikota,

Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram, Port Blair, Brunei, Biak and Mauritius;
LEOP and normal phase operations support to RESOURCESAT-
2/RISAT-1/MEGHATROPIQUES/SRE-2/SARAL missions;
107
♦ TTC operations support from External stations at Svalbard, Tromso
and Tollsat;
♦ Realization of Air-borne TTC terminal with associated

communication electronics;
♦ TTC network organization and LEOP/tracking support for GSLV-F05

to F07 carrying GSAT-5P/GSAT-06/INSAT-3D onboard;
♦ TTC Network organization and tracking support for PSLV-C16 to

C20/with RESOURCESAT-2/RISAT-1/MEGHATROPIQUES/SRE-
2/SARAL onboard;
♦ Commissioning and operationalisation of Mission Operations

complex-(MOX) 2;
♦ Continuation of IPSTAR ground based Ku-band beacon station

operations support from Port Blair Station;
♦ Establishment of IGS Station at Byalalu;
♦ Regular Spacenet services and Hub services for tele-medicine, tele-

education and VRC;
♦ Development of a DSP based receiver embedded GEOLUT

processing system with a beacon simulator towards migration to
MEOLUT System beyond 2012;
♦ Continuation of activities towards establishment of ground system

under Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS);
♦ Continued support to Disaster Management Charter.
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22. Space Applications Centre (SAC)
(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
254.10 296.17 297.41
22.1 The main activities of the Space Applications Centre at

Ahmedabad include research and development work in various areas of
space applications which are primarily aimed at national development and
development of payloads for remote sensing and communication satellites.
The activities of the Centre are grouped under microwave systems, satellite
communication applications, sensor developments, image and information
processing and remote sensing applications. The Centre has facilities for
mechanical and electronic systems fabrication. The facilities of this Centre
include the Ahmedabad Earth Station, Delhi Earth Station, portable and
mobile Earth Stations, Laboratories for remote sensing & communication
activities, fabrication and environmental test facilities for development &
qualification of space and ground hardware. The Centre is responsible for
the development, realization and qualification of communication,
navigation, earth observation and meteorological payloads & related data
processing & ground systems in the areas of communication, broadcasting,
earth observations for remote sensing of natural resources, weather and
environmental studies, disaster.
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♦ Delivered OCM-2 and Scatterometer for Oceansat-2 Satellite which

are functioning satisfactorily;
♦ Completed all the FM developments of Deck elements and Testing of

all the 12 FM Tiles have completed;
♦ Payload integration with the proto deployment mechanism on the

dummy satellite structure is expected to be delivered for satellite
integration shortly;
♦ Realised 1st system of Schlieren imaging ;
♦ Integration of GSAT-12 Payload has been completed;
♦ System architecture for high throughput Advanced Communication

Satellite (GSAT-11) has been developed. Base line design of
communication payload completed;
♦ Infrastructure for Chandrayaan-Payload Operations Centre is

established at SAC. This caters to TMC and HySI data reception
from ISSDC;
♦ Data processing for Long Term Archive Preparation, quality

evaluation and generation of higher level processing like Lunar DEM
and Lunar Atlas;
♦ Integrated Chandrayaan-1 Data product generation software, tested

and operationalised at ISSDC, Bylalu near Bangalore;
♦ A large number of subsystems of IRNSS payloads viz., Receivers,

S/L-band linearisers, channel amplifiers, EPCs and 5 W C-band
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♦ SSPAs for the ranging transmitters designed and DVMs were
realized;
♦ Binary Offset Carrier Modulation was developed to ensure requisite

EPFD values;
♦ System studies leading to architecture for Indian Data Relay Satellite

system to support Human Space Flight Programme and Earth
Observation missions completed;
♦ Baseline payload configuration options have been worked out;
♦ Advanced R&D and TDP activities related to ISRO’s future EOS

programmes like L-band Spaceborne SAR, MM Wave Temperature
and Humidity Sounders and L-band Synthetic Aperture Radiometer
have been taken up;
♦ New technique has been developed for improvement in humidity

profile retrieval using simulated INSAT-3D radiances;
♦ Megha-Tropiques Science Plan revised ATBD document and draft

validation document has been prepared and reviewed by a committee
of experts;
Major programmes for 2010-2011
♦ Delivery of Resourcesat-2 and Youthsat Payloads;
♦ Planned to complete FM Units of Met. Transmitter and DRT-SAS &

R Transmitters for INSAT-3D;
♦ Realised 2Kg Payload with LISS-2 performance and development of

the same in 1kg mass is in progress;
111
♦ Planned to integrate the development model of X-band DMSAR and
test flown in 2010;
♦ Payload fabrication of FM subsystems for GSAT-6 is under progress;
♦ Integration of GSAT-5P, GSAT-8 and GSAT-12 payloads are

expected to be completed and delivered for integration with
spacecraft;
♦ Technology of MSS Type D-Terminal (MARK-III) is being

transferred to industries for production;
♦ Subsystems of ka-Band Terminal for GAP-4 such as LNBCs, ODUs,

BUCs and 5 Watt SSPAs (20/30 GHz) required in large quantities are
being fabricated through Indian industry;
♦ Development of Portable Multimedia Terminal and augmentation of

BES hub are being carried out for GSAT-6 applications.
23. Development and Educational Communication Unit

(DECU)
(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
58.13 36.29 83.02
23.1 The Development and Educational Communication Unit

(DECU) at Ahmedabad is involved in the conceptualisation, definition,
planning, implementation and socio-economic evaluation of developmental
112
space applications. The major current activities of DECU include EDUSAT
projects, their implementation action & utilisation, Training and
Development Communication Channel (TDCC), Tele-Health (TH), Tele-
Education (TE) mission and new satellite communication development and
applications.
♦ Commissioning of 69 networks in (13 national beam and 56 regional

beams) comprising of a total nos. of 36400 Terminals under the
Edusat Networks programme;
♦ Completion of test & Evaluation of 20 Hubs;
♦ Successful inauguration of 12 EDUSAT networks;
♦ Redefining network configuration, bandwidth reallocation and

retuning of SAC Hub & SITs;
♦ Establishment monitoring facility at DECU for National Beams (Ku-

band & Ext-C-Band);
♦ Expansion of Chhattisgarh Edusat Network by adding a network

consisting of 115 SITs and Teaching-end for Rural Development
Department;
♦ Establishment of Edusat networks in Bihar and Assam;
♦ Conclusion of MOU with Department of Health & Family Welfare,

Gujarat Government for establishment of operational TM network in
Gujarat using the Edusat Hub at BISAG, Gandhinagar;
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♦ Resource Persons training in content Generation for Edusat Users of
the states where Edusat Networks are installed/to be installed;
♦ Established Prototype Digital Video Repository in DECU;
♦ Planned to re-define network configuration, bandwidth reallocation

and returning of SAC Hub & SITs as per the revised frequency plan
for ISRO group network operationalisation;
♦ Proposed to setup a Technical Support & Training Centre at North-

East Region, which will provide technical support on continuous
basis to all the remote site, Hubs and Teaching-ends of networks of
N-E region;
♦ Proposed to set up 4000 VRCs by the end of 11th Financial year plan
covering the rural/semi-urban blocks/taluks (out of around 6000) of
the country;
♦ To provide technical consultation, coordination with service provider

& User agency, supplying hardware, monitoring and deployment of
Tele-medicine for the Govt. of Gujarat;
♦ Planned to supply, installation & commissioning of 1000 ROTs in

Jammu and Kashmir;
♦ Planned to supply, installation and commission of Hub & SITs in

Sikkim, UP & HP;
♦ Planned to expand Tripura Network by adding 25 SITs to the existing

50 SITs;
114
♦ Study on Health related information needs to provide inputs to
Telemedicine network and in the planning a HealthSat;
♦ Resource Persons training in content Generation for Edusat Users of

the states where Edusat Networks are installed/to be installed;
♦ Installation of EDUSAT Studio both at Jaipur and NE-SAC;
♦ Planned for Central Video Storage System for video editing in NLE
Systems;
♦ Planned for Digital Assets Management System-comprising of Ingest,

management, archival, editing etc.;
♦ Teleprompter system for facilitating the Educational content

generation activity;
24. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
141.16 161.11 230.15
24.1 Considering the fact that the NRSA is closely associated

with various programmes of DOS/ISRO, in particular the Earth Observation
Programme, Disaster Management Support and other Programmes of
national importance and to enable NRSA to carryout its responsibilities in a
more effective manner, the Government have decided to convert it into a
Govt. entity, called as National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), a Centre
under DOS/ISRO w.e.f 01.09.2008.
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24.2 NRSC is responsible for acquisition, processing and dissemination
of aerials and satellite remote sensing data and is continuously exploring the
practical uses of remote sensing technology for multilevel (global to local)
applications. It also has a focused programme of creating training
manpower through capacity building in remote sensing. Recently, Regional
Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs) have been amalgamated with
NRSC.
♦ Completion of the augmenting data reception & processing chains

and initial phase operations for OCEANSAT-2;
♦ Completed testing & Evaluation of data acquisition (antenna control)

software for reception of ALSAT-2 under ALGIERS project;
♦ Updated the international ground station at Myanmar to take care of

Resourcesat-1 and Cartosat-1 passes of common visibility between
India and Myanmar;
♦ Fabricated 12 AFEH units were fabricated and supplied to

International & Indian Ground Stations – EADS, France, Cuiaba,
Brazil, and at Indian Ground stations;
♦ Launched the "Bhuvan", the ISRO's geoportal providing access to 3D

IRS images and thematic data at multiple scales in August 2009;
♦ Launched "Bhoosampada", an information portal developed by

NRSC on 28th January, 2009. The portal disseminates annual Land
Use/Land Cover (LULC) information at national, state and district
levels and would help in planning process;
116
♦ Establishment/updation of Oceansat-2 data reception facilities at
Brazil, Mauritius and Matera;
♦ Design and development of RISAT-1, ASTROSAT and

CARTOSAT-2 B ground segments. Satellite data dissemination
target is set at 45,000 data products;
♦ Launching of the DSC website enabling easier service to planners and

decision makers;
♦ Near real time flood monitoring for 6 States and agricultural drought
monitoring for 13 States & forest fire alerts and disseminated to the
users;
♦ Planned to complete Nationwide Wasteland Updation work for 13

States in 2009;
♦ Organisation of Land use/Land cover data, data bases for all States
(except J&K);
♦ Initiation of Space based Information Support for Decentralized

Planning project for five prioritized States;
♦ 3D-Utility mapping for Bangalore and Kolkata;
♦ ALTM data acquisition is planned for Bihar, Assam & East coast;
♦ Completion of IMGEOS interim facility and campus power fencing;
♦ Planned to complete Nationwide land degradation mapping,

FASAL/CAPE crop assessment, Rajiv Gandhi drinking water
mission-III studies;
♦ Completion of Wasteland updation work for 13 States;

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♦ Taken up new study on nationwide geomorphology mapping;
♦ Continued to support CSSTE-AP's M.Tech/M.Sc/PG-Diploam/special

courses and EDUSAT programmes as a part of capacity building in
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun;
♦ Setting up of VRCs in Himachal Pradesh and establishment is in

progress for Uttarakhand
♦ Establishing antenna system at new site, migration of existing

antenna systems, operationalisation of data reception and data
processing activities, MODIS data reception system, readiness for
RISAT-1, Resourcesat-2 and SARAL under Master Plan of
IMGEOS;
♦ Realisation of ground segment elements for Resourcesat-2 and

RISAT-1 in IMGEOS environment;
♦ Bhuvan Project will be made completely operational with fully

populated global image data content, with all layers, fine resolution
data and improved web services to the user;
♦ Land Use/Land Cover analysis (1:25,000 scale) for five more years
under Remote Sensing Application;
♦ Nationwide Land degradation mapping and NUIS;
♦ National Geomorphological mapping (1:50,000 scale) to cover 150

sheets;
♦ Monitoring of wasteland status;
118
♦ National Ground Water Development & Management System,
Climate change studies addressing five national missions;
♦ Advance actions for acquisition of aircraft LiDAR/LFDC and

replacement of avionics for one aircraft;
♦ Acquisition and processing of 15,000 sq km ALTM DC data and

GCPL-II;
♦ Studies on climate change on hydrological regime of Ganga

basin, SARAL-ALTIKA under New Research Projects;
25. Master Control Facility (MCF)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
64.56 51.88 55.03
25.1 The Master Control Facility (MCF) located at Hassan in

Karnataka is responsible for initial orbit raising, payload testing and in-
orbit operation of all geostationary satellites. MCF has integrated
facilities comprising satellite control earth stations with associated
electronics. The Satellite Control Centre (SCC) is the nerve centre for
satellite control operations. A back-up MCF (MCF-B) at Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh with essential facilities to manage the satellite
operations has been commissioned.
119
♦ Completion of Civil Construction works for Ku-band FMA

terminal at MCF-Hassan;
♦ RF Installation activities of Ka-band Fixed Earth Station terminal

completed;
♦ To undertake LEOP & IOT operations for GSAT-4 Mission;
♦ Commissioning of Ku-band FMA terminal at MCF-Hassan;
♦ Commissioning Transmitter location system for Interference

Analysis;
♦ Initiation of Phase-I activities of IRNSS Satellite Control Facility

and Earth Station terminals at Hassan and Bhopal campuses;
♦ Initiation of Civil Works for Optical Telescope facilities at

designated locations;
♦ Planned to complete replacement of SCC chain #2 UPS at Hassan;
♦ Planned to establish a Ka-band station for INTELSAT LEOP

operations on behalf of ANTRIX as a commercial activity;
♦ Undertake LEOP & IOT operations for INSAT-3D, HYLAS and

GSAT-5 Missions;
♦ Complete augmentation of LMA terminals in MCF-Hassan and

MCF-Bhopal;
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♦ Establish IRNSS Satellite Control Facility and Earth Station
terminals at Hassan and Bhopal campuses;
♦ Augmentation of Computer systems and Communication

Network elements for additional Spacecraft operations;
♦ Augmentation of CCTV system at new facilities of Bhopal

campus;
♦ Establishment of Optical Tracking system for GEO satellites;
♦ Development of Antenna Control Units for tracking of IRNSS

series satellites;
26. National Natural Resources Management System

(NNRMS)
(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
20.00 18.36 87.62
26.1 The National Natural Resources Management System

(NNRMS) has the objective of ensuring optimal management/utilisation
of natural resources by integrating information derived from remote
sensing data with conventional techniques. The NNRMS umbrella
includes a large cross-section of Government Departments/Agencies,
which are responsible for resources management sectorally and other
agencies associated in developmental activities. NNRMS activities are
co-ordinated at the National level by the Planning Committee of
NNRMS (PC-NNRMS) which frames guidelines for implementation of
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the systems and oversees the progress of remote sensing applications for
natural resources management in the country. Nine Standing Committees
are (i) Agriculture & Soils (ii) Bio-resources (iii) Geology & Minerals
(iv) Water resources (v) Rural Development (vi) Urban Development (vii)
Cartography (viii) Ocean & Meteorology and (ix) Training & Technology.
NNRMS, thus, encompasses conceptualisation and implementation of space
system with ground-based data reception, processing and interpretation
systems and integrating the satellite-based remotely-sensed data with
conventional data for resource management applications in various thematic
areas.
26.2 Considering the changing technological and applications

dimensions in the country and elsewhere, the NNRMS currently focuses on
(i) user funded projects meeting the objectives/goals of the user
Departments/Agencies both at the national and regional/local scale; (ii)
proactive applications projects of relevance at the national and
regional/local scale and (iii) organising the spatial databases for
visualization and data dissemination.
♦ Geomorphological and lineament mapping project at 1:50,000 scale

using IRS data for entire country has been launched under NRC;
♦ Successfully completed 5th cycle of Land use/land cover mapping on

1:250,000 scale using AWiFS data and the Kharif area assessment
under the Natural Resources Census (NRC) programme;
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♦ Developed Web enabled LU/LC information system in conjunction
with ancillary information (named as ‘Bhusampada’) to facilitate
value added data query, utilization and dissemination;
♦ Completed 1st cycle nationwide land use/land cover mapping at

1:50,000 scale using IRS data for the country (except J&K);
♦ Under Natural Resources Data Base (NRDB) project, spatial data

infrastructure established at master node and 7 regional nodes are in
operation. Large volume of databases has been organised as per
NNRM standards;
♦ Development of Indigenous software package capable of image

processing and GIS (IGIS) has been released for operational use;
♦ Major user sponsored projects taken up in different application areas

such as National Urban Information System, Rajiv Gandhi National
Drinking Water Mission, Wasteland monitoring, Biodiversity
characterisation, water Resource Information System, Sericulture
development, Snow and Glacier mapping, Wetland mapping etc., are
progressing well;
♦ Land degradation mapping at national level on 1:50,000 scale using

IRS data has been completed for the 70% of the geographical area of
the country;
♦ Soil-mapping project taken up on 1:50,000 scale using IRS data is

progressing satisfactorily;
♦ Geo-referencing of Cadastral maps with satellite images in digital for

Karnataka;
♦ Indigenous GIS package based on “Open GeoData Model” and

PostGre RDBMS has been released for operational use. This package
123
helps to visualize Raster and Vector data geographically and perform
various Image Processing and GIS operations;
♦ Topographic mapping on 1:10,000 scale of Jaghatsinpur District,

Orissa using Cartosat-1 data has been taken as pilot district to
demonstrate Cartosat-1 capability for topographic mapping is nearing
completion;
Major activities planned during 2010-2011
♦ Collection for the priority areas will be completed under the GCPL
Phase II Project;
♦ Taking into account of newer EO missions such as Oceansat-2,

RISAT-1 etc newer application projects will be taken up;
♦ Completion of generation of one cycle of DEM using Cartosat-1

under CartoDEM project;
♦ To pursue Human Resources Development training in the area of

Remote Sensing and GIS;
♦ Under Space based Information System for Decentralized Planning

(SIS-DP), preparation of thematic mapping at large scale and
digitization of cadastral maps will be continued for the 5 prioritized
states in the country;
♦ To carry out 6th cycle (2009-10) of land use/land cover mapping on

1:250,000 scale using IRS AWiFS data and consolidated 5-year
change analysis;
♦ To complete spatial database organization and generation of seamless

database of the 1st cycle of land use/land cover mapping at 1:50,000
scale;
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♦ To complete Geomorphological and lineament mapping for 30% of
the geographical area of the country;
♦ Under Natural Resources Data Base (NRDB) project, populating

database with more thematic layers will be continued;
27. Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
21.89 35.14 0.00
27.1 The five Regional Remote Sensing Centres (RRSSCs) at

Bangalore, Dehradun, Jodhpur, Kharagpur and Nagpur have been
established under the aegis of National Natural Resources Management
System (NNRMS) with the prime objective of providing remote sensing
application services to the users in the respective regions for better planning
and optimal utilization of natural resources and also bring about awareness
amongst the users on the potential of remote sensing and associated
technologies. Over the years, RRSSCs have significantly contributed in this
direction by executing various National level projects, User projects,
Application Validation projects and Technology & Software Development
projects apart from conducting regular training programmes for users in
digital data analysis, GIS and applications. RRSSC have been amalgamated
with National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) recently. Hence, the budget
provision for RRSSCs for 2010-2011 have been included under NRSC.
125
♦ Successfully completion of 12 region-specific user projects in various

themes like agriculture, forestry, watershed development, geology,
environment, infrastructure applications, etc. and about 10 other projects
are on-going;
♦ Co-ordination of the activities of about 172 Village Resource Centres

(VRCs) in the respective regions of five RRSSCs in addition to software
development/deployment and natural resources database
creation/updation;
♦ Completion of fifth cycle of land use/land cover mapping at 1:250,000

scale for western India and QC for entire country under Natural
Resources Census project;
♦ Initiation of a major project on “Web Enabled Water Resources

Information System” in the country (India-WRIS) in collaboration with
CWC, New Delhi;
♦ Execution of a project on “Monitoring & Evaluation of NWDPRA

Watersheds” using remote sensing & management information system
under Phase III for Ministry of Agriculture;
♦ Initiation of a nation wide collaborative project on “Tea Area

Development and Management using Remote Sensing and GIS” in
collaboration with Tea Board, Ministry of Industry & Commerce, Govt.
of India, Kolkata;
♦ Successfully implemented a project on “Hydropower Sites Investigation

using Geospatial Techniques” for UIPC which is a joint venture of the
Govt. of Uttarakhand & IL&FS, New Delhi;
126
♦ Undertake region-specific user projects involving different disciplines

and to execute a few R&D studies using high resolution, hyper spectral
and microwave satellite data;
♦ Support to all the major national missions launched by DOS/ISRO like

Natural Resources Census, Large Scale wastelands mapping, Village
Resource Centre (VRC), CartoDEM, Decentralized planning at District
level, DMS activities;
♦ Organize customized training programs to different user agencies in

Government, private sectors and academia. Pursue institutionalization of
geospatial technology and applications in the respective regions and
conduct awareness programs in the academic institutions;
♦ Pursue with the Ministry of Mines and Geology in formulating a nation

wide project on “Mining Information System (MIS)”. The inventory of
mineral resources of the country is based on a comprehensive and up to
date review of exploration data from the public and private sector stake
holders/operators;
28. Disaster Management Support (DMS)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
40.00 26.01 38.62
28.1 The Indian landmass is prone to several natural disasters such as

flood, cyclone, landslide, earthquake, etc. With the vast experience gained
`
127
through operational use of space data, the concept of a space-based
observation and communication system for disaster management support is
being evolved in the country. Based on the experience gained through several
studies using Space data, DOS/ISRO has initiated a programme for Disaster
Management Support (DMS). The major goal of the Programme is to provide
decision support through Space-based information on the disasters, affected
areas, their impact, etc., on a near-real time basis. The main components of
the Disaster Management Support Programme include (i) Establishment of a
Decision Support Centre; (ii) Air-borne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM)
surveys & hazard zonation; (iii) Database creation & query shell
development; (iv) Emergency communication support; (v) Airborne SAR
development; (vi) R&D support for DMS; (vii) Decision support tools
development and (viii) International Charter Support. The Decision Support
Centre, being established at the National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad,
will be suitably interfaced with other Government agencies such as IMD,
CWC, GSI, NIC, etc., and will provide online services to the State and
Central Government user agencies.
Major activities and achievements during 2009-2010
♦ Continued monitoring of flood inundation and impact assessment in

affected parts of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and the maps provided to concerned
State and Central agencies;
♦ Monitoring of the flood Disaster in Bihar due to the breach in the course
of Kosi River was continuously monitored till the breach was plugged;
♦ Continued monitoring and assessment of agricultural drought on monthly

basis in 13 States;
`
128
♦ Daily active fire location derived from satellite data was updated to
INFFRAS (Indian Forest Fire Response and Assessment System)
website on a daily basis from February to June 2009;
♦ Regular Monitoring of all seismic and landslide events were carried out;
♦ Established 33 nodes of satellite based Virtual Private Network (VPN)

connecting the National Control Room at MHA, DMS-DSC at NRSC,
important national agencies, key Govt., Offices in Delhi and the Control
Rooms of multi-hazard prone States;
♦ For the Tsunami Warning Centre of INCOIS (MoES), ALTM data

acquisition was carried out for 110 hours to cover selected parts of the
coastal region;
♦ Productionisation of 800 numbers of INSAT based Distress Alert

Trasmitter (DAT) developed by SAC, Ahmedabad and distribution to
fishermen though the Coast Guard;
♦ Demonstration of DTH based Digital Disaster Warning System (DDWS)

to various key officials;
♦ ALTM data acquisition for 110 hours to cover selected parts of the
coastal region; an area of 2,400 sq. km area covering 2 km inland from
the coastlines for the Tsunami Warning Centre of INCOIS (MoES);
♦ Flight tests on development model of C band A-SAR covering Gujarat,

Bihar, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh States;
♦ Test and evaluation of all the in-house FM packages of C-band Airborne

SAR towards realizing the flight model of Airborne SAR;
`
129
Major activities planned during 2010-2011
♦ Regular monitoring of disasters - including flood, agricultural drought

assessment & monitoring in 14 states, landslides, forest fires, etc will be
continued;
♦ Sustain and enhance the overall quality and turn-around time of space
technology enabled products and services for disaster management in the
country;
♦ Extend Agricultural Drought monitoring to the entire country and to rabi

season will be attempted in a phased manner;
♦ National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM) will be

organized in a phased manner and Early Warning Systems (EWS) for
cyclone, flood, drought, landslide and forest fires will be developed;
♦ The infrastructure facility for NDEM at Shadnagar with full fledged

computer infrastructure will be made functional;
♦ Decision Support Tools for flood, drought, landslides and radiological

disasters will be developed;
♦ Conduct ALTM surveys for 12,000 sq. kms in flood prone areas in
Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal States and processing of data acquired
for Bihar and Assam will be completed;
♦ Relocate the DMS-VPN hub to Samnvaya Bhavan and will be

operationlised;
♦ Complete and expand the network of DMS-VPN first Phase (all the 37
nodes) to the district level;
♦ To procure 100 INSAT Type-D equipments for deployment during

emergency;
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♦ To establish DTH based Digital Disaster Warning System (DDWS) in
cyclone prone coastal areas of the country;
♦ To complete the Flight Model assembly of two C-band Airborne

Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-SAR);
♦ To upgrade the Near Real Time Processor (NRTP) in terms of

processing time incorporating an array of 42 processors;
♦ Necessary ground segment for the new Jet Aircraft which is being
procured will be put in place;
♦ Continue to support and strengthen the international activities by actively

participating in International Charter activities and Sentinel Asia Project;
29. ISRO Geosphere Biosphere Programme (ISRO GBP)
(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
25.78 21.63 28.96
29.1 Global climate change is of great concern to the world

scientific community, the UN bodies and many others. Realising the
importance of scientific studies to arrive at specific migration strategies for
Indian sub-continent, the ISRO Geosphere-Biosphere Programme was
initiated in the early 90’s. This Programme encompasses the study of land-
air-ocean interaction, past climate, changes in atmospheric composition,
aerosols, carbon cycle, bio-mass estimation, bio-diversity and other related
areas of scientific investigation. The ISRO-GBP is aimed at using
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maximum data from ISRO’s own satellites. Data from balloon-borne
experiments are also used for studying the climate change processes. The
ISRO GBP covered projects relating to climate observations & modeling,
atmospheric chemistry & aerosols and Biogas cycles & Global changes.
30. ISRO Sponsored Research Programme (RESPOND)
(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
13.00 16.50 15.00
30.1 The Sponsored Research (RESPOND) Programme is aimed at

strengthening the academic interaction with colleges, universities, Indian
Institutes of Technology and research institutions. The activities supported
under RESPOND include (a) research and development projects in space
sciences, applications and technology, (b) space technology cells, (c) space
science and applications cells (d) space education programmes, (e) ISRO
chairs and, (f) conferences, symposia, publication and promotional activities
relevant to the Indian Space Programme. RESPOND enables establishment
of a strong academic and infrastructure base, provided a forum for
interaction between scientists of DOS & academic institutions and helped to
generate human resources at the academic institutions to support the Space
Programme.
*****
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CHAPTER - V
FINANCIAL REVIEW
The budget formulation process of the Department has been

evolved over the years with emphasis on reviewing the resource
requirements with reference to the criteria of Zero Base Budgeting
approach. Multi-level budget reviews are carried out at the DOS/ISRO
Centres/Units and Project Management Boards/Management Councils
consistent with the programmatic and financial guidelines of the
Department. The essentiality of each item, the schedule-budget linkages and
cash flow requirements are critically analysed while formulating the budget.
2. The Department has evolved a mechanism of reviewing and

monitoring the commitment and expenditure status of various
programmes/projects approved in the annual budget periodically and take
appropriate action, for making financial management more effective. In
order to have better expenditure management, the monthly cash flow is
also monitored scheme-wise/project-wise by the Additional Secretary &
IFA of the Department of Space to ensure that the allocated funds are fully
utilised. Accordingly, while formulating the Revised Estimates 2009-2010,
a critical appraisal of the progress - both physical and financial is carried
out consistent with the programmatic requirements. Quarterly targets are
fixed for each major project/scheme during the beginning of the year & the
133
Additional Secretary & IFA of the Department takes a rigorous review of
the expenditure/commitment status on a monthly basis to ensure that the
financial and programmatic targets are realized. The project management
councils/project management boards of all the major projects constituted at
the DOS/ISRO Centre level also review the progress of
expenditure/commitment status and initiate necessary follow-up actions
keeping in view the programmatic criticalities. Thus, periodical review of
the physical and financial performance of all the projects/schemes is an
integral part of the planning and implementation strategy of DOS/ISRO.
3. The Financial performance of the Department in terms of

Budget Estimates, Revised Estimates and Actual expenditure for the last
three years viz., 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 are given below:
Financial performance 2006-2007
(Rs. in crores)
Non-Plan Plan Total
Budget Estimates 2006-2007 390.02 3220.40 3610.42
Revised Estimates 2006-2007 397.02 2600.27 2997.29
Actual Expenditure 2006-2007 394.50 2594.16 2988.66
4. The BE 2006-2007 included a provision of Rs.340.00 crores

earmarked towards participation in European Galileo System for Satellite
Navigation. However, European Galileo programme suffered a set back as
134
the Industry Contract, Management Strategy and financial aspects of the
‘Galileo Programme’ were not finalized by the European Commission.
Considering this and also the ceiling fixed by Ministry of Finance, the
Revised Estimates 2006-2007 was reduced to Rs.2997.29 crores. The actual
expenditure during 2006-2007 was Rs.2998.66 crores. i.e., 99.71% budget
utilisation w.r.t. RE.

(Rs. in crores)
Non-Plan Plan Total
5. The Revised Estimates 2007-2008 was reduced to Rs.3290.09

crores. The actual expenditure was Rs.3278.00 crores, which represents
about 99.63% budget utilization wrt RE.
(Rs. in crores)
Non-Plan Plan Total
135
6. The Revised Estimates 2008-2009 was reduced to Rs.3499.04
crores in compliance with the reduced ceilings fixed by the Ministry of
Finance. The actual expenditure during the year was Rs.3493.57 crores
which is about 99.84% budget utilization with respect to RE.
7. The scheme-wise/project-wise details of BE, RE and Actuals

for 2008-2009, BE & RE for 2009-2010 and BE for 2010-2011 are given in
Table 5.1 enclosed.
*****
136
Department of Space
Table 5.1
Financial Review: Overall Trends in Expenditure 2007-2010

(Rs. in crores)
Sl. Programmes/Projects/Centres/Units Budget Revised Actuals Budget Revised Budget
No. 2008-2009 2008-2009 2008-2009 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
A SPACE TECHNOLOGY
I Launch Vehicle Technology
1 Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Project 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Cryogenic Upper Stage Project 0.10 0.70 0.70 0.37 0.27 0.10
3 PSLV-Continuation Project 180.00 150.00 164.97 220.00 200.00 250.00
4 GSLV Mk-III Development 270.00 240.19 219.96 217.00 200.20 152.96
5 Space Capsule Recovery Experiment - I & II 10.00 10.00 7.88 12.00 9.00 4.93
6 GSLV – Operational Project (including Mk-III Operational) 255.00 240.00 251.99 275.00 235.00 250.00
7 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre 432.28 494.69 507.22 613.42 625.43 583.66
8 ISRO Inertial Systems Unit 23.16 23.19 23.52 30.84 29.71 28.78
9 Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre 204.19 209.36 204.25 285.93 285.55 303.54
10 Manned Mission Initiatives/Human Space Flight Programme 125.00 42.01 34.82 230.00 30.00 150.00
11 Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology 65.25 65.25 65.25 175.00 145.00 140.00
12 Semi Cryogenic Engine Development 22.50 4.09 4.27 155.00 36.00 250.00
Sub-Total 1588.48 1479.48 1484.83 2214.56 1796.16 2113.97
II Satellite Technology
13 Cartosat-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 Oceansat-2 & 3 10.00 12.00 8.24 6.00 6.00 1.60
15 Resourcesat-2 & 3 35.00 25.00 25.13 35.00 25.00 22.00
137
No. 2008-2009 2008-2009 2008-2009 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
16 G.SAT-4 7.00 4.30 4.79 2.90 2.40 0.00
17 RISAT-1 25.00 30.00 27.64 5.00 6.50 3.50
18 Advanced Communication Satellite (GSAT 11 including Launch Services) 22.50 1.00 0.00 5.00 11.00 125.00
19 Navigational Satellite System (including IRNSS) 270.00 200.00 166.65 270.00 220.00 262.10
20 ISRO Satellite Centre 215.85 253.44 270.50 304.87 332.45 420.19
21 Laboratory for Electro-Optics System 37.14 31.63 31.26 44.59 37.09 40.14
22 Semi-conductor Laboratory 34.28 39.48 37.60 45.00 46.67 53.85
23 Earth Observation-New Missions (Cartosat-3, Tes Hyperspectral, 65.00 2.70 0.00 13.00 4.00 35.50
DMSAR-1 and GISAT)
24 SARAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00
Sub- Total 721.77 599.55 571.81 731.36 691.11 1003.88
24 Satish Dhawan Space Centre - SHAR 237.99 318.95 330.78 340.41 361.24 386.90
25 ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network 63.28 85.94 90.01 101.02 101.98 88.01
Sub- Total 301.27 404.89 420.79 441.43 463.22 474.91
TOTAL : A - SPACE TECHNOLOGY 2611.52 2483.92 2477.43 3387.35 2950.49 3592.76
B SPACE APPLICATIONS
1 Space Applications Centre 169.84 195.13 193.17 254.10 296.17 297.41
2 Development & Educational Communication Unit 58.41 60.00 62.17 58.13 36.29 83.02
3 Earth Observation Applications Mission 2.68 2.59 1.46 4.40 3.18 2.31
4 National Natural Resources Management System 28.23 26.63 21.60 20.00 18.36 87.62
5 Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres 11.10 13.77 15.48 21.89 35.14 0.00
138
No. 2008-2009 2008-2009 2008-2009 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
6 National Remote Sensing Agency (including Aid Equipment) 35.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 North Eastern Space Applications Centre 5.00 5.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 8.00
8 Disaster Management Support 65.00 29.32 21.01 40.00 26.01 38.62
9 National Remote Sensing Centre 0.00 70.31 76.28 141.16 161.11 230.15
TOTAL : B - SPACE APPLICATIONS 375.26 402.75 396.17 546.68 583.26 747.13
C SPACE SCIENCES
1 Physical Research Laboratory 51.44 60.91 56.50 62.32 67.10 71.70
2 ISRO Geosphere-Biosphere Programme 19.00 21.50 19.48 25.78 21.63 28.96
3 Sensor Payload Development/Planetary Science Programme 5.00 4.50 3.02 5.00 2.34 16.00
4 Megha-tropiques Project 20.00 20.00 18.92 15.00 15.00 10.00
ADITYA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00
5 Indian Lunar Mission-Chandrayaan-1&2 78.00 88.00 74.30 90.00 19.50 100.00
6 Astrosat-1 & 2 25.00 21.00 21.08 20.00 13.70 10.00
7 National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) 11.31 12.78 12.40 15.43 11.85 14.45
National Institute of Climate Change and Environment Studies (NICES) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
8 Sponsored Research (RESPOND) 13.00 12.65 12.61 13.00 16.50 15.00
9 Atmospheric Science Programme 14.49 15.30 10.77 20.96 27.47 28.45
10 Small Satellites for Atmospheric Studies & Astronomy 10.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 12.00 10.00
11 Other Schemes 21.13 11.65 10.40 14.25 13.14 15.70
TOTAL : C - SPACE SCIENCES 268.37 268.29 239.48 283.74 220.23 361.26
139
No. 2008-2009 2008-2009 2008-2009 2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
D DIRECTION & ADMINISTRATION/

OTHER PROGRAMMES
1 Department of Space Secretariat 5.46 6.93 6.97 7.45 9.09 8.00
2 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Headquarters 24.70 36.89 38.48 51.28 59.28 52.39
3 Civil Engineering Division 19.68 24.20 23.76 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 International Co-operation 3.15 3.17 1.24 3.17 3.40 3.40
5 Other Programmes (Spl Indigenisation/advance ordering, etc.) 361.12 37.00 78.24 233.11 96.11 306.17
TOTAL D: DIRECTION, ADMINISTRATION & 414.11 108.19 148.69 295.01 167.88 369.96
OTHER PROGRAMMES
E INSAT OPERATIONAL
1 INSAT-3 Satellites 9.90 20.00 20.71 8.60 5.50 77.50
2 INSAT-3 Launch Services 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10
3 INSAT-4 Satellites (including leasing of Transponders) 280.00 161.69 164.96 323.00 187.80 318.10
4 INSAT-4 Launch Services 60.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 256.20
5 Master Control Facility 54.81 54.10 46.03 64.56 51.88 55.03
TOTAL : E - INSAT OPERATIONAL 404.81 235.89 231.80 446.26 245.18 706.93
GRAND TOTAL : GROSS 4074.07 3499.04 3493.57 4959.04 4167.04 5778.04
Deduct Recoveries 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04
TOTAL : (NET) 4074.00 3499.00 3493.57 4959.00 4167.00 5778.00
140
CHAPTER – VI
AUTONOMOUS BODIES OF DOS/ISRO
1. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
62.32 67.10 71.70
1.1 The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) at Ahmedabad an

autonomous institution funded by the Department of Space through
grant-in-aid is a premier research institution in the country engaged in
basic research in several areas of experimental & theoretical physics,
earth sciences. Two observatories, the Udaipur Solar Observatory
(USO) and the Infrared Observatory at Mt.Abu are operated by PRL.
Research activities carried out are mainly in the area of infrared
astronomy, solar & plasma astrophysics, galactic astronomy,
atmospheric and climate studies, solar-terrestrial relations, planetary
sciences & exploration and theoretical physics. The PRL is also
involved in conducting extensive academic programmes for Doctoral &
post-Doctoral research, conducts summer programmes for science &
engineering graduate students and also has an Associateship
programme for University teachers.
141
♦ Analysis of Chandrayaan-1 data revealed presence of water molecules in

lunar surface layers and primordial feldspathic crust that validates the
lunar magma-ocean hypothesis;
♦ Analysis of data from HEX payload on-board Chandrayaan-1 will be

completed. Data analysis from imaging payloads to infer mineralogy
and morphology and about lunar evolution is in progress;
♦ The development of an Echelle Spectrometer for detecting extra solar

planets is in progress. Initial optical tests will be done during 2009 and
assembly will be taken up at Mt. Abu Observatory during 2010. The 1K
X 1K Mercury Cadmium Telluride near-infrared detector with the dewar
electronics has been coupled to the Mt. Abu Telescope;
♦ Design of Narrow Band Imager for Multi Aperture Solar Telescope

(MAST) has been completed. Optical design for the proposed space
based coronagraph ADITYA will be completed;
♦ High resolution reconstruction of monsoon variability based on lake

sediments in Central Himalaya is in progress;
♦ Carbon isotopic composition of fluid-deposited graphite in a

metamorphic terrain is studied to infer the compositions of the source
fluid and temperatures of graphitization;
♦ Installation and testing of the newly acquired Nano-SIMS and Multi

Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer will be
completed;
♦ Calculation of the electric dipole moment of the mercury atom is

completed and the results used to provide improved limit on time-
reversal violating interactions;
142
♦ Studies of radiative mechanisms for understanding small neutrino masses
and the appropriate magnitudes of neutrino mixing angles are pursued;
♦ Impact of new theories for neutrino masses and dark energy in the
context of upcoming Large Hadron Collider experiments will be studied;
♦ Continuation of analysis of data of Chandrayaan-1 Mission;
♦ Development of Payloads for planetary exploration based on nuclear

techniques as well as Wireless Sensor Networks will be pursued;
♦ The PARAS Echelle Spectrometer for extrasolar planet search will be

commissioned at the Mt.Abu Telescope for first light;
♦ The new IR array (NICS) will be operated in both its imaging and
spectrometer modes for the study of star forming regions, close binary
systems, evolved stellar objects and Active Galactic Nuclei;
♦ Planned to install a 50cm telescope for Blazer studies and for looking at
gravitationally lensed planets;
♦ To carryout installation, test and operation of MAST and performance

checks will be carried out. Integration of Adaptive Optics system and
development of Narrow Bad Imager and Polarimeter for MAST will be
done;
♦ Continuation of studies of solar flare, CME and space-weather using

multi-satellite data;
♦ An augmented lidar and sodium dye laser will be commissioned to

address mesospheric and stratospheric processes along with multi-
wavelength investigations of aerosols and clouds;
143
♦ An aerosol time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer will be commissioned to
measure size-segregated chemical composition of aerosol particles;
♦ Fabrication of the bread-board model of the Visible Airglow Photometer

(VAP) payload planned on-board SENSE satellite will be completed;
♦ A major study on atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, phosphorus and

iron (referred as limiting nutrients) to the Bay of Bengal has been
initiated;
♦ Studies of Volcanology and eruptive style of the Barren Island

volcano involving detailed geochemical, isotopic and petrogenetic work
will be taken up;
♦ A study on biogeochemistry of trace elements in the Arabian Sea, Bay of

Bengal and Southern Ocean will be conducted as a part of international
GEOTRACES programmes;
♦ A novel system for imaging Luminescence from rock samples will be

developed for dating of glaciers and other Earth surface processes:
♦ Nano-SIMS will be extensively used to study Cometary and Interstellar

grains;
♦ Precise isotopic and chronological investigations on planetary materials

will be initiated with MC-ICP-MS;
♦ Theoretical studies of various aspects of the see-saw mechanism for

generating small neutrino masses will be pursued;
♦ Analytical and experimental studies in classical and quantum optics will

be continued;
144
♦ Studies on signatures of physics beyond the standard model and of
theories of inflation and their relation to cosmic microwave background
will be pursued. Studies on problems in classical and quantum chaotic
systems will be continued;
2. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
15.43 11.85 14.45
2.1 The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) at

Gadanki near Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, is an autonomous institution fully
funded by the Department of Space, Government of India. The main activities
of NARL are (i) fundamental research related to Earth’s atmosphere from
earth’s boundary layer at the bottom to the top of the ionosphere using a variety
of state-of-the-art equipments such as the Mesosphere-Stratosphere-
Troposphere (MST) Radar (ii) laser probing of the atmosphere using lidar,
wind profiler, automatic weather station etc. In addition to the above, NARL is
available for national and international scientists from various institutions and
universities for carrying out advanced research in atmospheric & space sciences
and related disciplines.
♦ Conversion of the existing MST radar to a fully active aperture array and
realization of MF radar for mesospheric studies. Under this project, the
concept of active array will be implemented on an external 133-element
circular array;
145
♦ Completion of first phase of the Rayleigh Doppler lidar in which the low
altitude region is being probed first with a small aperture telescope, a
stabilized laser and single etalon with associated optics;
♦ Initiation of the study of Atmospheric Forcings and Responses (SAFAR)

for studying the entire column of the atmosphere as a coupled system
with a unified view of delineating the vertical coupling between
atmospheric forcings and responses;
♦ Collocated observational systems such as the MST radar, lidar,

Ionosonde, GPS balloon sonde, a variety of aerosol and radiation
measuring instruments, automatic weather station etc., will make
intensive observations during the summer (May to November) and
winter (December to February) months which are to be complimented
with available satellite data;
♦ Signing of MOU between the Research Institute for Sustainable

Humanosphere of the Kyoto University, Japan and the NARL. The
MOU aims at academic and research cooperation between the two
centers for contribution to the development of research and advanced
education in the field of atmospheric science;
♦ Study of the diurnal variability of convection and rainfall;
♦ Establishment of a Microwave Radiometer Profiler (MWRP) for

continuous observations of the vertical profiles of temperature, water
vapour and liquid water. In addition, it is proposed to procure a
Lightning detector which will give continuous observations of the
lightning intensity;
146
♦ Upgradation of the existing Rayleigh lidar for day time temperature
profile measurement, development of a Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar
for studying the mesospheric temperature inversion, and an all sky
imager for studying the air glow from the Ionospheric and thermospheric
regions;
♦ Setting up of a laboratory for advanced technology developments

towards realizing space borne payloads for atmospheric studies;
3. North-Eastern Space Application Centre (NE-SAC)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
7.00 7.00 8.00
3.1 The North-Eastern Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC) located

at Shillong is an autonomous society set up jointly with the North-Eastern
Council to support the North Eastern Region by providing information on
natural resources utilisation & monitoring, infrastructure developmental
planning & interactive training using space technology inputs of remote
sensing & satellite communication. The Centre networks with the State
Governments in the North Eastern Region and the North Eastern Council for
generating solutions for the developmental activities of the Region.
♦ Completed many remote sensing and GIS applications projects covering

north-eastern states. These projects have been carried out at specific
request of users like State Forest Research Institute, Autonomous District
Councils, State Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Agriculture, Soil
Conservation etc;
147
♦ Taken up a major national project on ‘Applications of remote sensing
and GIS in sericulture development’ for Central Silk Board (CSB) with
the participation of State Remote Sensing Applications Centres
(SRSAC);
♦ Commissioning six more telemedicine centers in the NER under the

Satellite communication activities;
♦ Facilitated establishment of EDUSAT-1 utilization network of SITs and

Hub in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. A network of 39
village Resource Centres (VRCs) is functioning in the NER. A full-
fledged satellite communications studio has been commissioned;
♦ Completed establishment of 80 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in

NER;
♦ Developed the technique of estimating rainfall from satellite data in

Thermal Infra Red (TIR) band taking the climatology of the place
concerned as one of the input;
♦ Weather advisory has been issued regularly to the farmers in the villages
covered by ISRO-ABITA installed VRC Centers;
♦ Analysed the data collected by the Aethalometer and multi wavelength

radiometer (MWR) to find the Aerosol Optical Depth and Black Carbon
Concentration;
♦ Installed one Doppler SODAR and GPS based Dr Pisharoty sonde
launching facility using hydrogen gas filled balloon have been installed.
About twenty sondes have been launched and upper air characterisitics
studied;
♦ Developed a Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) for forecasting flood

with 24 hours lead time and validated during the current flood season in
148
♦ Lakhimpur District of Assam. Four events of flood were forecasted
during the monsoon season;
♦ Mapped watershed-wise flood risk zonations and breach points of

embankments were identified for repair;
♦ Continuously monitored and prepared the status report on agricultural

drought for the whole of NER using satellite and surface based
observation;
♦ Planned to complete all major items under the Natural Resources Census
(NRC) projects. The CSB sponsored project on ‘Applications of remote
sensing and GIS in Sericulture development’ will be one of the major
activities during the XI plan period. Four new projects has been taken up
under Earth Observation Application Mission (EOAM);
♦ Two more projects sponsored by NEC viz., Project of Land capability

mapping and preparation of forest working plan inputs for NER states
will be continued during this period;
♦ To complete installation of EDUSAT network in Assam, Manipur and

Sikkim. A few more VRCs in Meghalaya and Tripura will be established
and work will be initiated in other states of NER;
♦ Planned to complete installation of remaining 46 telemedicine Centres in

NER states under ISRO-NEC project;
♦ Planned to set up one environmental Observatory for measuring trace

gases under IGBP and few more instruments (Microtops, Net-
radiometer, ELPI and Nephelometer) will be procured under the ARFI
project;
149
♦ To attempt three hourly rainfall estimates from satellite data for hilly
region like NER;
♦ Planned to establish an earth station or a dedicated satellite link to

receive KALPANA-1 data and Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data;
♦ Planned to establish a state-of-the-art regional control room for flood

disaster;
♦ Planned to extend two more districts of Assam (Dhemaji and Barpeta)

with emphasis on inundation simulation;
♦ To monitor closely agricultural drought by taking inputs from more

platforms and timely integration with NADAMS will be done;
♦ To initiate capacity building in terms of providing training to the students

of NER on disaster management and mitigation techniques using
EDUSAT network;
4. Semi-conductor Laboratory (SCL)

(Rs. in crores)
2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
45.00 46.67 53.85
4.1 The SCL is entrusted with the design, development and

manufacture of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) devices and
development of systems for telecommunication & space sectors and board
level products. The SCL has an Integrated Facility comprising class 10, 6”
Wafer Fabrication Plant, Design Facility, Test & Assembly, Quality
150
Assurance & Reliability and System Level Assembly Facility.
Development & manufacture of ASICs for Strategic Sector is the major
thrust;
♦ Completion of the development of prototypes of RTX Glue logic, VP

processor ASIC, timing sequencer and ROIC-I;
♦ New projects initiated for SIPS, IP core of LVDS-Rx and LVDS-Tx

(0.18 m), 32, KBS RAM, 512 KBS RAM and PCA;
♦ Planned to complete design of CCD signal processor, ROIC-II, Driver

for Modulator;
♦ Initiated action for IP design of some communication protocol circuits;
♦ Fabrication of RF Phase shifter is at an advanced stage of completion;
♦ Completed the design and fabrication of BALUN;
♦ Completion of Engineering run with revised design of capacitive

Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer;
♦ Completion of development including packaging and testing of about

10,000 nos of locomotive ICs;
♦ Fabrication and characterization of Floating gate Dosimeter structure;
♦ Completed development of packing processes for MAP sensor array;
♦ Assembly of Ultrasonic level sensors (about 50 nos completed and

around 100 nos more planned);
151
♦ Completion of production of 221 nos of Dr.Pisharoty’s sondes units and
dispatched to various users for Atmospheric studies;
♦ Testing, characterization and qualification of CCD signal processor,

ROIC-ph.2, Timing sequencer, SRAM and PCA;
♦ Design with extended gate layout for Radhard CD series devices

completion of ASIC design for processing the data from Radiosonde
Sensors;
♦ Packaging of 23,000 nos locomotive ICs, MAP sensor modules and

other pressure sensor variants;
♦ Assembly of 200 nos of Ultrasonic level sensors. Analysis of process

parameters of 0.8 micron process and carry out trials to establish
process stability and control;
♦ Delivery of characterized Temperature, Pressure and Humidity sensors

for Radiosonde;
♦ Design of Micro-machined MEMS based Patch Antenna for Ka and Ku

band, 4x4 array patch antenna, micro-machined amplifier/oscillator and
RF switch;
♦ Enhancement of screening capacity to 25000 nos of railway ASICs;
♦ Development and delivery of Dr.Pisharoty Radiosonde boars and

FIREMOD kits alongwith test Rig;
152
5. Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology (IIST)
(Rs. in crores)

2009-2010 2009-2010 2010-2011
175.00 145.00 140.00
5.1 The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), an

autonomous body under DOS was established with the primary objective of
creating world class Institution in the area of advanced Space Science and
Technology education and generating high quality human resources to meet the
quality manpower requirements of DOS/ISRO. The Institute has
undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes in the area of space
science technology and applications. The Institute has started functioning from
the academic year 2007-2008, around the existing infrastructure of ISRO
Centres in Thiruvananthapuram. The annual intake of the Institute is about
150-200 students. A permanent infrastructure for the Institute is in progress
near Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Valiamala.
5.2 Students for the academic year 2009-2010 were admitted in

July 2009 and the hostel & classroom facilities required for accommodating
these students were created in Aakkulam and ATF areas respectively. A
multipurpose Hall for conducting seminars, a well-equipped library with
subscriptions to print e-journals were set up in the alternative campus. Essential
sports facilities were also created here. For conducting practical experiments
for IIST students, MOUs were signed with College of Engineering and Mar
Ivanious College, Thiruvananthapuram.
153
5.3 The work of constructing permanent campus for IIST at Valiamala
was awarded to a reputed construction company. The construction work had
started in the month of December 2008 and has made a good progress since
then. The govt. of Kerala has allotted about 45 acres of land at Valiamala, to
IIST, in addition to the 20 acres already allotted at Ponmudi.
♦ The construction work of IIST’s permanent campus achieved significant

progress during the year. With the completion of seven hostels and an
Academic Block, shifting to the new campus is expected in the present
financial year. An additional land of 9 acres was acquired by the Govt. of
Kerala for transfer to IIST;
♦ UGC sanction was obtained for starting three new M.Tech Courses. A
UGC team visited IIST and reviewed the performance of the Institute and
expressed satisfaction in the progress made. The overall student strength
has increased to 438, with the admission for the third batch. The
infrastructure required to accommodate the third batch of students was
created in the ATF campus. New Laboratories for Analog Electronics,
Digital Signal Processing and Physics were created in the TERLS area,
thereby minimizing the dependence on outside Institutions;
154
Major programmes for 2010-2011
♦ IIST will have its full complement of students in 2010-11, with the
admission of the fourth batch of students. Unlike the previous years, the
selection of students will be done through a competitive examination to be
organized by the Institute itself;
♦ The three remaining Academic Blocks and Hostel Blocks, Administrative

Block, Convocation Hall, Student Activity Centre, Guest House and
Residential accommodation are expected to be completed in this year,
making self-sufficient. All the laboratories necessary for a world-class
Institute will be set up during this year, giving the necessary thrust to
R&D activities;
*****
155

Outcome Budget 2010-2011

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Outcome Budget 2010-2011

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OUTCOME BUDGET

The primary objective of the Indian Space Programme is to

2. The Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission was

4. The Budget proposals for the Department of Space for 2010-2011

The primary objective of the Indian Space Programme is to

2. The Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission was

4. The Budget proposals for the Department of Space for 2010-2011

for Department of Space stands at Rs.5778.00 crores comprising of

5. The Department has prepared “Outcome Budget 2010-2011” based

6. The Department of Space is largely project and mission oriented. The

7. The major programmatic targets for 2010-2011 are the following:-

• Launch and operationalisation of Cartosat-2B onboard PSLV launch

• Launch of GSAT-4 Satellite onboard third development flight of

• Launch and operationalisation of GSAT-8 satellite by Ariane launch

• Assembly, Integration and Testing of Resourcesat-2, GSAT-

• Initiate/progress work on Human Space flight programme, Semi

9. The Department has taken several policy initiatives and pro-active

1.1 The Indian Space Programme had a modest beginning with

1.2 The primary objective of the Indian Space Programme has

2.1 The Space activities in India started with the formation of

2.2 The primary objective of DOS is to promote the

2.3 Following are the major Centres/Units of DOS/ISRO

A. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)

The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) at Thumba, near

VSSC has extension Centres at Valiamala, housing the major

The major programmes at VSSC include: Polar Satellite

The Liquid Propulsion System Centre (LPSC) is the lead

C. Satish Dhawan Space Centre-SHAR (SDSC-SHAR)

The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) is the

D. ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)

The ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) at Bangalore is engaged in

Four project management teams co-ordinate the implementation

E. Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)

The Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) at

The Space Applications Centre (SAC) at Ahmedabad is

The facilities of this Centre include the Ahmedabad Earth

G. Development & Educational Communication Unit (DECU)

The Development and Educational Communication Unit

H. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)

Considering the fact that the NRSA is closely associated with

I. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking & Command Network (ISTRAC)

The ISRO Telemetry, Tracking & Command Network

J. Master Control Facility (MCF)

The Master Control Facility (MCF) located at Hassan in

The ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) situated at

2.4 A National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS)

2.5 Following are the Grant-in-aid institutions of DOS: -

A. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)

The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) at Ahmedabad, is an

B. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)

The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) at

C. North-Eastern Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)

The North-Eastern Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)

The SCL is engaged in the design, development and

E. Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology (IIST)

The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) is

2.6 Apart from this, the RESPOND programme of ISRO supports

The Antrix Corporation Limited, Bangalore is the marketing

3. Major projects/programmes of Department of Space

3.1 The Department of Space (DOS) has the primary objective of

(a) Launch Vehicle programme having indigenous capability

3.3 The constellation of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites

3.4 INSAT contributes significantly to a variety of services in