and but or so _ because and but or so because ‘We use these words (conjunctions) to join two sencences. They make one longer sentence from two shorter sentences: sentence A The'car stopped, ——Theldhiver'gorout! sentence 8 ‘The car stopped and the driver gor out, and/butior sentence A sentence B We stayed achome and —(we)* watched television. | * It isnot necessary to Mysisteris married and (she)*ivesin London. repeat ‘we! and ‘she! He doesn't like her, and she doesn't like him. Iboughe a sandwich, but didnt eat it ItSanicehouse, but it doesn't havea garden Do you want to goout, or are you too tired? In ists, we use commas (,). We use and before the last thing | gor home, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair and fell asleep. a A karen is at work, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing football. $0 (the result of something) sentence A zmence B lewas very hot, so opened the window, Joe does a lot of sport, so he’s very fit | They dont like travelling, so they haven't been to many places. j because (the reason for something) sentence A sentence B opened the window because it was very hor. Joe can't come to the party because he's going away. Usais hungry because _ she didnt have breakfast. Because is also possible at the beginning: © Because it was very hot, | opened the window. In these examples chere is more chan one conjunction: It was late and | was tired, so | went to bed. \aiways enjoy visiting London, but | wouldn' like to live there because it too big. (Grenrwtiterbefore xe -> Unie8Exercises 97 kink GBD Wrice sencences. Choose from the boxes and use artd/but/o +stayed at home- I didn't have your number. +boughte-sendwich- Shall | wait here? Jwent-to.the window. eee wanted to plore you: Lwencby bus this morning, jumped into the river. sewatched-FV- Lusually drive to work. swarm tothe other side: | Doyouwant me to come with you? | Heoked-out. 1 ...Lgtayed at home and watched IV. 2 a ich, but.| didn't eat it. diulenk fe. the snadow and Wloakel our ‘| a ho phone yoo bok A Sidn’s hove your. number. 5 L_Jumped\nto tne. ‘Yer and \ Swam ‘eo tne Ohner. Swe 6 A “Uooally due tg ioctl Gok N brent by ald Me oo 7 De You want © tome unth you7 Or. Shal\fuark here Sonce ]BD ook at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use. andibursbe 1 lewas very hot. ..3@he opened the window 2 They couldn't play tennis because.the tennis ovea. woo, C\osek 3 They went to the museum, \bu> the museum jac Cleoe 4 Ben wasnt hung, oth 2.0 -minyke> ten he ake S eeriacigs Ooehee boss. he Lpsee 6 Sue said, Goodbye and ae ari GBBD wiite sentences about what you did yesterday. Use andybut etc. 1 (and) Inthe evening | stayed at:home’and studied 2 (because) _|Went to bed very early necause |was ted. 3 (bur) +4 dad my Fonsi ae ee 4 (and) a & oo Rerpessorle and \ played \ideo ¢ ove 5 (s0) Ay C\ean Phe hevse nal . ae se upset 6 (because) t fogs ae \pecavoe wie VS 205Sia <3) eee When I went out, it was raining. ‘This sentence has two parts: when!went out + it was raining You can say When | went out. ic wasraining. or Fewas raining when | went out We write a comma (,) if When ... i atthe beginning: { When you're tired, dont drive Don't drive when you're tired. Helen was 25 when she got married. ‘When Helen got married, she was 25 We do the same in sentences with before/while/after: ‘Always look both ways before you cross the road, Before you cross the road, always look both ways. While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain te began to rain while | was waiting for the bus. He never played football again after he broke his leg. ‘After he broke his leg, he never played football again. When lam... / When I go... exc. Next week Sarah is going to New York She hasa friend, Lisa, who lives in New York, ‘but Lisa is also going away — to Mexico. | So they wont see each other in New York Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in New York ‘The time is future (ext week) but we say: when Sarah is in New York. (not when Sarah will be) SARAH USA We use the present (1am / 1 go etc) with a future meaning after when: i When | get home this evening, Im going to have a shower. (not When | will get home) 2 Iart talk to you now. Il cak to you later when I have more time. We do the same after before/while/after/untit © Please close the window before you go our. (not before you will go) Rachel s going to stay in our Rat while we are away. (rot while we will be) Til wait here until you come back. (not uncil you will come back) (ifandwhen > Unit 9 until) Unie 100 belorelwhilelafter Uni 105Exercises Cr EBD write sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes. wenn ou Heurned off the TV" Smtiredt -Laiways-go 20 the same place When» !knocked on the door _ there were-ne-rooms | lgoromhetiday 7 ewaeraining: the programmeended-, - _there-wasranswer igortothehotel ‘fk torwatetr TV 4 5 6 When went out twas rtrng, Vihen Vin dived | like benima keh TT: when \ Wnocked.on tne door. Whece os no anower When \go-o0 heiday | always 90 bo re Some ploce When the programmeended | turned off Whe Ty when \ oot be the bobey there Were no rooms. (EBD complete the sentences. Choose from the box. -somebody broke:intothe house before theycamehere when they heard the news -beforethey crossed-theroad while they were away _they-didn'tbelieveme they. went to live in New Zealand t 1. They looked both ways. before they crossed the road, 2 Theywere very suprised When they heard. Yhe news 3 After they got married, they went bo \ive.tn. Wew Zealand 4 Their house was damaged in astorm whe. L\wey..urere oway - 5, Where did they jive before. they. Came Were. ? 6 Whitewewereaseer, Somebpdy brake Inks ne hovee : 7. When Itold them what happened, “they d.3ec4 ‘be \ieve -ene . Which is right? 1 49: [il stay here until you come /-yowiLeome: back (Iilstay and you come are right) 2 Im going to bed when | finish HMarishemy work. 3. We must do something before its baewritbe too late. 4 Helen is going away soon. 4 IIlbe very sad when she leaves /shetbiemve: 5 Don't go out yet. Wait until che rain stops /awihaeom 6 Wewome / We'll come and visit you when we're /swettkbe in England again. 7 When | come to see you tornorrow dbsing / Il bring our holiday photos. 8m going to Paris next week. | hope to see some friends of mine while / ibe there. 9. Lets go out fora walk before it aets /ewilaas dark 10m not ready yet. {cll Hh you when rm de ready. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 Z 3 4 i, 6 Can you close the window before. you go out. 2 What are you going todo when Hau..finish the Universuty ? When thave enough money, j 1.7 will travel to. Cunada 1 wait for you while ‘Audie On..Orenge juice When tstartmynewjob,. ntl be hapey Will you beherewhen | Come bark 2