Do animals communicate?

Researchers say that animals, non-humans, do not have a true language like humans. However they do
communicate with each other through sounds and gestures. However, in the animal kingdom if they are
reared alone from birth they are still able to behave and communicate in the same way as other species of
their kind.

Although animals do not possess the ability to speak words, they can communicate in much the same way
as humans do. Although animals do not have words, they communicate using other methods, such as
gestures, movements, vocal calls and their sense of smell. In short, most of their communication is non-
verbal. It means, yes! They do.

Do they use language?

No animal has any language but has different sound. The sound is a expression and all creation use it well
for there benefit and communication.

However they do communicate with each other through sounds and gestures. Animals have a number of
in-born qualities they use to signal their feelings, but these are not like the formed words we see in the
human language, animals don't have a language in the sense we do. Animals produce sounds that express
their emotions, and some can use signs in a Pavlovian way, as a result of an association between previous
uses and succeeding events.

Animals use some form of communication, although some animal communication is more complex than
others. Animal language is any form of communication that shows similarities to human language;
however, there are significant differences. ... Other animals use odors or body movements to
communicate.

Modes of commuication

Verbal Communication is a type of oral communication wherein the message is transmitted through the
spoken words. Here the sender gives words to his feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions and expresses
them in the form of speeches, discussions, presentations, and conversations, it is either face-to-face or
public. Communicating face-to-face allows communicators to exchange ideas back and forth freely, while
public speaking allows the back and forth exchange of ideas only in certain circumstances, like a
classroom setting or during a question and answer session.

Non-verbal communication is the nonlinguistic transmission of information through visual, auditory,

tactile, and kinesthetic (physical) channels. Is is also the transmission of messages or signals through a
nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between
two individuals. This form of communication is characterized by multiple channels and scholars argue
that nonverbal communication can convey more meaning than verbal communication. Some scholars
state that most people trust forms of nonverbal communication over verbal communication.

Verbal communication is about language, both written and spoken. In general, verbal communication
refers to our use of words while Non-verbal communication refers to communication that occurs
through means other than words, such as body language, gestures, and silence. Both Verbal and Non-
verbal communication can be spoken and written.
Design features

Are a set of features that characterize human language and set it apart from animal communication, which
are following:

Arbitrariness

Languages are generally made up of both arbitrary and iconic symbols. In spoken languages this takes
the form of onomatopoeias. In English "murmur", in Mandarin "māo" (cat). In ASL "cup", "me"
"up/down", etc. There is no intrinsic or logical connection between a sound form (signal) and its meaning.
Whatever name a human language attributes an object is purely arbitrary. The word "car" is nothing like
an actual car. Spoken words are really nothing like the objects they represent. This is further
demonstrated by the fact that different languages attribute very different names to the same object.

Systematic

Althougt language is symbolic, yet it is symbols are arranged in a particular system, means all languages
have their system of arrangements.

Displacement

Refers to the idea that humans can talk about things that are not physically present or that do not even
exist. Speakers can talk about the past and the future, and can express hopes and dreams. A human's
speech is not limited to here and now. Displacement is one of the features that separates human language
from other forms of primate communication.

Cultural Transmission

Is the process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next in a community.

It is generally regarded as one of the key characteristics distinguishing human language from animal
communication. However, cultural transmission is not unique to language or humans, we also observe it
in music and bird song but rare among primates and a key qualitative feature of language.

The ability to pass knowledge on from one individual to another even across generations -- that makes us
unique among animals. True, we also learn by observing what happens in the world around us, for
example, by associating events that frequently occur together (or in a rapid sequence).

Discreteness

is a concept going back (at least) to the structuralists. General idea. The idea is that a linguistic
representation can be broken down into small, discrete units that can then recombine with other small,
discrete units to create new linguistic representations.

The language can be said to be built up from discrete units (eg. phonemes in human language).
Exchanging such discrete units causes a change in the meaning of a signal. This is an abrupt change,
rather than a continuous change of meaning (eg. "cat" doesn't gradually change in meaning to "bat", but
changes abruptly in meaning at some point. Speech loudness

We also can get the example, in english marks number with the plural morpheme /s/, which can be added
to the end of any noun. The plural morpheme is perceived categorically, not continuously: we cannot
express smaller or larger quantities by varying how loudly we pronounce the /s/.
Productivity

Is the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.
It compares grammatical processes that are in frequent use to less frequently used ones that tend towards
lexicalization.

Generally the test of Productivity concerns identifying which grammatical forms would be used in the
coining of new words: these will tend to only be converted to other forms using productive processes.

It refers to the idea that language-users can create and understand novel utterances. Humans are able to
produce an unlimited amount of utterances. Also related to productivity is the concept of grammatical
patterning, which facilitates the use and comprehension of language. Language is not stagnant, but is
constantly changing. New idioms are created all the time and the meaning of signals can vary depending
on the context and situation.

In standard English, the formation of preterite and past participle forms of verbs by means of ablaut (as
Germanic strong verbs, for example, Sing–Sang–Sung or Begin-Began-Begun) is no longer considered
productive.

We also have in Produtivity a term for how we can use patterns to create new words: For example, the
"ly" suffix can be added to many adjectives to create new adverbs: “nice” becomes “nicely” while
“able” becomes “ably”.

Duality of patterning

Meaningful messages are made up of distinct smaller meaningful units (words and morphemes) which
themselves are made up of distinct smaller, meaningless units (phonemes).

Learnability

Language is teachable and learnable. In the same way as a speaker learns their first language, the speaker
is able to learn other languages. It is worth noting that young children learn language with competence
and ease; however, language acquisition is constrained by a critical period such that it becomes more
difficult once children pass a certain age.

Reflexiveness

Humans can use language to talk about language.

Prevarication

Is the ability to lie or deceive. When using language, humans can make false or meaningless statements.

Interchangeability

Refers to the idea that humans can give and receive identical linguistic signals; humans are not limited in
the types of messages they can say/hear. One can say "I am a boy" even if one is a girl. This is not to be
confused with lying (prevarication). The importance is that a speaker can physically create any and all
messages regardless of their truth or relation to the speaker. In other words, anything that one can hear,
one can also say.

Not all species possess this feature. For example, in order to communicate their status, queen ants produce
chemical scents that no other ants can produce (see animal communication below).
Feedback

Speakers of a language can hear their own speech and can control and modify what they are saying as
they say it. Similarly, signers see, feel, and control their signing.

Specialization

The purpose of linguistic signals is communication and not some other biological function. When
humans speak or sign, it is generally intentional.

An example of non-specialized communication is dog panting. When a dog pants, it often communicates
to its owner that it is hot or thirsty; however, the dog pants in order to cool itself off. This is a biological
function, and the communication is a secondary matter.

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