2020 SPM HOTSPOT SEJARAH

BAB 3-TAMADUN DI A.T PAST YEAR TRIAL 2020 NOTE

Kerajaan Agraria SPM 2015 4
Kerajaan Maritim SPM 2018

Pengaruh Hindu-Buddha SPM 2017 4 SENI BINA

Kerajaan Agraria
1. Ciri-ciri kerajaan Agraria
-Terletak di lembah sungai
-Menjalankan pertanian
-Contoh,padi sawah, huma
-Menjalankan penternakan
-Contoh, menternak lembu
-Memungut hasil hutan
-Contoh, rotan
-Memungut rempah
-Contoh, cengkih dan lada hitam
-Memungut sarang burung
-Menangkap ikan

2. Funan berkembang menjadi pelabuhan maritime kerana

-Pelabuhan Oc-Eo

-Tiada angin monsun/ Terlindung daripada angin Teluk Siam

-Kemudahan pelabuhan

-Kemudahan makanan& minuman

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3. Faktor perkembangan Angkor/ Kepentingan Tonle Sap

-Membekalkan sumber air minuman.

-Membekalkan sumber protein seperti ikan.
-Menjadi alat hubung dan pengangkutan.
-Sumber air dapat menampung keperluan beras.
-Air disalirkan ke kawasan sawah padi
-Dengan menggunakan terusan dan sistem pengairan.
-Sebagai sistem kawalan banjir
-Mendapan lumpur di tasik menjadikan
-Sekitar menjadi subur semasa kemarau

4. Faktor perkembangan kerajaan agraria

-Tanah yang subur

-Sistem pengairan yang baik

-Iklim yang sesuai

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3. Faktor perkembangan Angkor

-Kedudukan berhampiran Tasik Tonle Sap

-Kesuburan tanah

-Mempunyai iklim yang sesuai/iklim panas dan lembap sepanjang tahun

-Bekalan sumber protein/ikan air tawar dari Tasik Tonle Sap

-Mempunyai sumber air dari Tasik Tonle Sap

-Raja Indravarman I terlibat dalam pembinaan sistem pengairan dan baray

4. Kepentingan Tonle Sap

-Membekalkan sumber air minuman.

-Membekalkan sumber protein seperti ikan.
-Menjadi alat hubung dan pengangkutan.
-Sumber air dapat menampung keperluan beras.
-Air disalirkan ke kawasan sawah padi
-Dengan menggunakan terusan dan sistem pengairan.
-Sebagai sistem kawalan banjir
-Mendapan lumpur di tasik menjadikan
-Sekitar menjadi subur semasa kemarau

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Agraria
2020 TERENGGANU NO.5

1.Senarai 1 menunjukkan kerajaan awal di Asia Tenggara.

Kerajaan Agraria
• Sailendra
• Sukhota
• Angkor

a.Jelaskan kegiatan ekonomi kerajaan agraria di atas. [4 markah]

b.Tasik Tonle sap penting kepada kehidupan masyarakat Angkor. [8 markah]
c.Strategi pembangunan pertanian yang bersepadu dan lebih dinamik perlu
digubalkan oleh pihak-pihak berkaitan.
Sumber:https://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/5024/1/pertanian,pdf
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas,apakah strategi pembanguanan pertanian
yang telah dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan dalam memajukan sektor utama
negara? [8 markah]

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2020 TERENGGANU NO.5

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2020 NEGERI SEMBILAN NO.5

2.

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2020 NEGERI SEMBILAN NO.5

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2020 NEGERI SEMBILAN NO.5

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2020 NEGERI SEMBILAN NO.5

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2020 NEGERI SEMBILAN NO.5

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2020 MELAKA NO.5

3..Peta 1 menunjukkan lokasi Tasik Tonle Sap yang terletak berhampiran dengan
kerajaan Angkor.Hal ini membolehkan kerajaan Angkor menjadi sebuah
kerajaan yang maju dalam bidang pertanian.

a.Jelaskan faktor-faktor perkembangan kerajaan Angkor.[6 markah]

b. Tasik Tonle Sap memainkan peranan yang penting terhadap kemajuan
kerajaan Angkor.Buktikan.[6 markah]
c.Setujukan anda bahawa bidang pertanian mampu memberikan pulangan yang
lumayan kepada Negara?Berikan penjelasan anda. [8 markah]

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2020 MELAKA NO.5

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2020 MELAKA NO.5

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2020 KELANTAN NO.1

4.

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2020 KELANTAN NO.1

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2020 KELANTAN NO.1

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Pengaruh Hindu Buddha
1. Cara kedatangan
-Brahmin atau pendeta
-Ksyatria atau tentera
-Vaisya atau pedagang -
-Kebudayaan

2. Pengaruh dalam sistem pemerintahan

-Guna institusi beraja.
-Guna gelaran raja.
-Raja berkuasa mutlak dalam pentadbiran,hubungan luar, ketenteraan, dan
khazanah negara.
-Perintah raja menjadi undang-undang.
-Sesiapa yang melaggar perintah bermakna menderhaka.
-Rakyat takut untuk menderhaka kepada raja walaupun raja tidak berlaku adil.
-Raja merupakan bayang raja.
-Mengguna konsep dewa-raja.
-Raja memiliki kesaktian.
-Lahir mitos dan lagenda bagi memperkuat kedudukan raja.
-Pertabalan raja untuk membezakan kedudukan.
-Orde kosmos menggambarkan suatu alam semesta.
-Raja ialah pusat alam.

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3.Cara Raja mengukuh kedaulatan / kedudukan
-Adat pertabalan: membezakan kedudukan raja
-Unsur mitos dan lagenda: memperkuat kedudukan raja
-Orde kosmos (Angkor Wat): raja dianggap sebagai raja dewa+kedudukannya
di puncak

4. Anak raja Srivijaya

-Yuvaraja
-Pratiyuvaraja
-Raja Kumara
-Raja Putra: merupakan anak gundik+ tidak boleh menggantikan raja

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Candi
1. Maksud monumen
-Memperingat orang ternama dan peristiwa penting
-Merupakan binaan yang dibuat daripada batu

2. Fungsi
-Rumah ibadat
-Tempat menyimpan patung dewa
-Tempat meyimpan abu jenazah raja
-Lambang keagungan raja

3. Contoh-Candi Dieng, Candi Yarang, Angkor Wat, Candi Borobudur

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Hindu Buddha
2020 PERAK IPOH NO.5

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2020 PERAK IPOH NO.5

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2020 PERLIS NO.1

2.

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2020 PERLIS NO.1

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2020 KEDAH NO.2

3. Gambar 1 dan Gambar 2 menunjukkan dua buah monumen penting di Asia

Tenggara.

Gambar 1(Candi di Kemboja)

Gambar 2(Candi di Kedah)
(a) Nyatakan maksud monumen.
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[2 markah]
(b) Namakan monumen yang terdapat di gambar di atas.
Gambar 1: _______________________________________
Gambar 2: _______________________________________
[2 markah]
(c) Mengapakah kerajaan awal mampu membina monumen tersebut?
________________________________________________________________
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[3 markah]
(d) Cadangkan langkah-langkah untuk memelihara sesebuah monumen.
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[3 markah]
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2020 KEDAH NO.2

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2020 PERAK NO.5

4.Terdapat banyak warisan kesenian yang ditinggalkan oleh kerajaan awal di

seluruh Asia Tenggara yang mempunyai pengaruh Hindu Buddha seperti candi
dan patung.
a.Apakah tujuan pemerintah kerajaan awal di kerajaan awal di Asia Tenggara
membina monomen? [4 markah]
b.Jelaskan pengarah Buddha yang terdapat pada binaan candi Borobudar di
Jawn Tengah. [8 markah]
c.Pada pendapat anda,mengapakah seni bina yang berunsur sejarah perlu
dijaga dan dipelihara? [8 markah]

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