USER’S MANUAL

TI-83 AND TI-84

CALCULATOR

AND MINITAB

IN MATH 1080

STATISTICS
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This manual will lead you through the use of the TI-83 and TI-84 graphing calculators
as you go through your Introductory Statistics course. Exact key strokes and
resulting screen shots are shown for selected problems.

Unless otherwise noted, the procedures are the same for both calculators. The few
differences between the TI-83 and the TI-84 calculators are noted and procedures
given for each one.

The software package Minitab® is used for functions that are not available on the
calculators (primarily graphs).

Screen shots for the calculator use the TI-SmartView™ emulator

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TOPIC TABLE OF CONTENTS

MINITAB

Graphs on Minitab…………………………………………………………. p 5
Histograms…………………………………………………………………… p 7
Labeling the x-axis……………………………………………….. p 8
Add your name………………………………….………………... p 8
Add data values…………………………………………………… p 9
Type (frequency, relative, etc)………………………………….. p 10
Printing……………………………………………………………………….. p 11
Polygons………………………………………………………………………. p 12
Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams…………………………………………………. p 16
Correlation & Regression on Minitab…………………………………. p 17
Correlation…………………………………………………………. p 17
Regression………………………………………………………….. p 18
Regression graphs………………………………………………… p 19
Prediction Intervals………………………………………………………… p 21
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TI-83 & TI-84 Calculator Functions

Working with Lists………………………………………………………….. p 24

1-Variable Statistics………………………………………………………… p 28
Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams (Boxplots)……………………………………. p 30
Probability…………………………………………………………………….. p 34
Binomial Probability……………………………………………………..…. p 36
Poisson Probability…………………………………………………………. p 40
Normal distributions……………………………………………………….. p 41
Standard Normal
Probabilities………………………………………………. p 42
Percentiles………………………………………………… p 44
Nonstandard Normal
Probabilities……………………………………………… p 44
Percentiles……………………………………………….. p 46

Confidence Intervals

1 Proportion……………………………………………………….. p 48
1 Mean σ Known………………………………………………….. p 49
1 Mean σ Unknown………………………………………………. p 51
2 Proportions………………………………………………………. p 53
2 Means Independent Sample Large Samples…………….. p 55
2 Means Dependent Samples (Matched Pairs)…………….. p 57

Hypothesis Tests

1 Proportion………………………………………………………… p 59
1 Mean σ Known………………………………………………….. p 60
1 Mean σ Unknown………………………………………………. p 61
2 Proportions………………………………………………………. p 62
2 Means Independent Sample Large Samples…………….. p 63
2 Means Dependent Samples (Matched Pairs)…………….. p 64

Linear Regression……………………………………………………. p 67
Scatterplot………………………………………………………….. p 67
Regression equation……………………………………………… p 68

χ2 TEST…………………………………………………………………….. p 70

ANOVA ………………………………………………………….…………. p 72
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GRAPHS ON MINITAB
Minitab is located under Math/CSci Programs
Open Minitab

The upper half is called the Session Window.

The lower half is called the Data Window

In the Data window notice that there is a blank row above the numbered rows. This is called the Title Row. You may enter
titles or labels here and refer to the columns either by the column label (C1) or by the label you entered.

Title column C1 as RENTS.

Title column C2 as SORT.

We will use the rent data from the class notes for chapter 2 to construct our histograms:

Data Set 2) Consider the following data giving monthly rents paid by a sample of 29 households in one city:

429 585 732 675 850 1020 620 750 660 540 578 956 1030
1070 930 871 765 880 975 650 1020 950 840 780 870 900
800 750 820

Enter the rent data in column C1 of the worksheet.

 6

SORT
Sorting data is not needed for constructing the graphs.
It will, however, make it easier to count the class frequencies and to find the mode.

To sort the above data:

Data
Sort
In the window that comes up:

OK

You will now see the data sorted in increasing order in column C2
 7

HISTOGRAMS
Graph
Histogram
Simple
Enter C1 in the window for Graph Variables
OK
Note the resulting histogram:

Histogram of RENTS

5
Frequency

0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
RENTS

Note also that its default classes are not the ones we want.
To construct the classes we wish, double click anywhere on the x-axis.
Select the tab that says Binning
For Midpoints
MidPoint/CutPoint Positions
In the window enter the midpoints separated by a space:
449.5 549.5 649.5 749.5 849.5 949.5 12049.5
OK
For Lower Limits
CutPoints
In the window enter the lower limits separated by a space:
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
OK
For Upper Limts:
CutPoints
In the window enter the upper limits separated by a space
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
OK
Note: In the window you may also enter the first two numbers and Minitab will extend that pattern throughout
the entire data set.
 8
The resulting histogram, using midpoints:

Histogram of RENTS

5
Frequency

0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
RENTS

We will now properly label the x-axis as being the midpoints:

To label the x-axis

Double click on the existing x-axis label
In the text window type in the desired label

To label the y-axis

Double click on the existing y-axis label
In the text window type in the desired label

To title the graph

Double click on the existing title
In the text window type in the desired title

To add a footnote (your name)

Editor
Add
Footnote
In the text window enter your name
 9
The resulting histogram:

Histogram of RENTS

5
Frequency

0
449.5 549.5 649.5 749.5 849.5 949.5 1049.5
MIDPOINTS
YOUR NAME HERE

ADD DATA VAULES

We can also add the data values to the tops of the histogram bars. However, you must do this before constructing the
histogram. This means we must start over.

After doing the following steps:

Graph
Histogram
Simple
Enter C1 in the window for Graph Variables

Select:

Labels
Data Labels
Use y-value labels

OK

Then proceed as above.

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The final version of the histogram:

Histogram of RENTS
7
7

6
5 5
5
Frequency

4 4
4

3
3

2
1
1

0
449.5 549.5 649.5 749.5 849.5 949.5 1049.5
RENTS
YOUR NAME HERE

Note the proper labeling:

1) A title for the graph

2) The x-axis labeled as midpoints, upper limits, lower limits, or boundaries (I will tell you which one to use).
3) The y-axis labeled as the type of histogram (frequency, relative frequency, etc)
4) Data values on top of each bar (see next page).
5) Your name(s) in the lower left corner.

To produce the different types of histograms you must first construct the frequency histogram above.

Then:

Click anywhere on any of the y-axis numbers (NOT on the label).

Click on the TYPE tab.

a) A frequency histogram is the default.

b) For cumulative frequencies click on the box labeled Accumulate across . . .
c) Select Percent for a relative frequency histogram.
d) Select Percent and Accumulate for a relative frequency histogram.
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PRINTING
File
Print Graph
Select the printer you want (for the room you are in) – in C3058 the printer in that room will already be the default selection.
Landscape mode should be the default – check it first.

Print

Note: ALL graphs are to be printed in Landscape mode with your name in the lower left
corner of the graph 
 12

POLYGONS
To construct a polygon in Minitab you must first construct the corresponding histogram, then draw the lines segments, then
erase the histogram.

Using the RENTS data first construct the frequency histogram. Remember that polygons use midpoints. Also remember that
you need an extra midpoint on either side of the existing data values. You will have to manually enter all of the midpoints:

Histogram of RENTS
7
7

6
5 5
5
Frequency

4 4
4

3
3

2
1
1

0 0
0
349.5 549.5 749.5 949.5 1149.5
RENTS
YOUR NAME HERE

Before drawing the polygon we must first have the Drawing toolbar showing:

Tools
Toolbars
Select: GRAPH ANNOTATION TOOLS

This will add another toolbar immediately below the menu bar.

Select the following button:

Begin on the left, click on each point of the polygon, moving from left to right.
Minitab will automatically connect each point to the previous point.
Double-click on the last point.
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Your graph will look like:

Histogram of RENTS
7
7

6
5 5
5
Frequency

4 4
4

3
3

2
1
1

0 0
0
349.5 549.5 749.5 949.5 1149.5
RENTS
YOUR NAME HERE

We will now remove the histogram bars. Double click in any of these histograms bars.
 14

You will see the following window:

Make the following selections.

OK

(You may have the repeat this procedure if there are any bars still showing)
 15
The resulting polygon (change the labels as in a histogram):

Polygon of RENTS
7
7

6
5 5
5
Frequency

4 4
4

3
3

2
1
1

0 0
0
349.5 549.5 749.5 949.5 1149.5
RENTS
YOUR NAME HERE
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STEM – AND – LEAF DIAGRAMS

Graph
Stem-and-Leaf
Variables: C2
OK

The stem-and-leaf diagram is in the session (upper) window.

The first column gives the frequency for each class

The second column is the stem
The third column gives the leaves
The number in parentheses in the first column indicates the class where the median is located.

Note that the default class size is 5. Let’s change it to 10:

Graph
Stem-and-Leaf
Increment: enter 10
OK

Printing

File
Print Session Window

Check out the DotPlot and Bar Chart and Pie Chart options under the Graph menu.
 17

CORRELATION & REGRESSION

MINITAB

Use the following data for these directions:

Bill 33.46 50.68 87.92 98.84 63.60 107.34

Tip 5.50 5.00 8.08 17.00 12.00 16.00

Open a new worksheet in Minitab.

1) Enter the Bill data in column C1. Include the label “Bill” above the column.

2) Enter the Tip data in column C2. Include the label “Tip” above the column.

CORRELATION
Minitab procedure for finding the correlation coefficient:

Select

Stat
Basic Statistics
Correlation

In the dialog box, enter the column labels of C1 C2 (in that order)
(you can do this simply by double-clicking on each one).

Click OK

The information below will be displayed in the session window.

Correlations: Bill, Tip

Pearson correlation of Bill and Tip = 0.828

P-Value = 0.042
 18

REGRESSION
Select
Stat
Regression
Regression (again)

Make the following entries (careful which one is asked for first!):
C2 (or Tip) in box for “Response” variable.
C1 (or Bill) in box for “Predictor variable.

Click on the Options bar

Click on the “Fit Intercept” box
Click OK

Click the Results bar

Select the second option showing s and R-Squared.
Click OK
Click OK (again)

In the session window, there will appear a lot of information that we have not studied
yet. Find the information below, erase everything else (the session window is a word
processor), print your name in the session window, then use the print session
command to print the results.

Regression Analysis: Tip versus Bill

The regression equation is

Tip = - 0.35 + 0.149 Bill

Predictor Coef SE Coef T P

Constant -0.347 3.936 -0.09 0.934
Bill 0.14861 0.05029 2.96 0.042

S = 3.266 R-Sq = 68.6% R-Sq(adj) = 60.7%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 1 93.14 93.14 8.73 0.042
Residual Error 4 42.66 10.67
Total 5 135.80

The regression equation then is Tip = - 0.35 + 0.149 Bill

or y = -0.35 + 0.149 x
 19

GRAPHS
Minitab procedure for the scatter diagram, graph of the regression line,
and prediction intervals.

SCATTERPLOT & REGRESSION LINE

Select

Stat
Regression
Fitted line plot

Enter response and predictor variables.

Select the box for Linear model

Enter a title “Amount of Tip” in the Title dialog line.

Click OK
Click OK (again)

The following graph should appear.

Amount of Tip
Tip = - 0.347 + 0.1486 Bill
17.5 S 3.26581
R-Sq 68.6%
R-Sq(adj) 60.7%
15.0

12.5
Tip

10.0

7.5

5.0

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Bill
 20
Select:

Editor
Add
Footnote

Then add your name in the text window

OK

Your final graph will look like:

Amount of Tip
Tip = - 0.347 + 0.1486 Bill
17.5 S 3.26581
R-Sq 68.6%
R-Sq(adj) 60.7%
15.0

12.5
Tip

10.0

7.5

5.0

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Bill
YOUR NAME HERE

Make sure you are printing in Landscape mode.

 21

Prediction Intervals

Stat
Regression
Fitted line plot
Options
Select the box labeled Display prediction interval
Enter 95 (not .95) in the confidence level box
OK
OK

Your graph will look like:

The dotted red line shows the prediction intervals.

Amount of Tip
Tip = - 0.347 + 0.1486 Bill
30 Regression
95% PI

S 3.26581
R-Sq 68.6%
20 R-Sq(adj) 60.7%

10
Tip

-10
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Bill

Note: For the assignment you will only have to print out this final graph.
 22
To find the prediction interval for a specific value:

Stat
Regression
Regression (again)
Response: Tip
Predictor: Bill
Options
Prediction intervals for new observations:
87
Confidence level: 95
OK
OK (again)

In the Session window you will find that the 95% prediction interval for the tip
on a bill of $87 is: $8.44 to $16.73

In the assignment, find this information for both values asked for, erase the rest and print.
 23

TI-83 & TI-84

GRAPHING

CALCULATORS
 24

WORKING WITH LISTS ON THE TI-83 & TI-84

ENTERING DATA INTO A LIST
To enter data you must use the EDIT submenu of the STAT button.

Key Sequence:

Choose which List you wish to use with the or keys.

You may use any of the 6 lists.

Example 1:

Use lists L1 and L2 for the following example:

Numbers are entered by typing the number followed by the key.

Ages of Oscar winning Best Actor and Actresses

Actors: 32 51 33 61 35 45 55 39 76 37 42
40 32 60 38 56 48 48 40 43 62 43
42 44 41 56 39 46 31 47
Actresses: 80 26 41 21 61 38 49 33 74 30 33
41 31 35 41 42 37 26 34 34 35 26
61 60 34 24 30 37 31 27

Enter the ages of the Best Actresses in list L1.

Enter the ages of the Best Actors in list L2.

After entering the last number you can return to the Home (calculator) screen:

QUIT which is
 25

SORTING A LIST
Sorting a list is not needed for performing calculations.
It will make reading the list and finding the mode easier.

List names are in blue on the calculator keys 1 – 6.

Note that list names may NOT be entered using the letter L followed by a number.

Sorting list L1:

From the Home screen:

Sorting list L2:

The calculator will display:

To view the lists return to the list editor through the following sequence:

You will then see the lists are in ascending (increasing) order:
 26

CLEARING A SINGLE LIST

There are several ways to clear a list, or lists, on the calculator.

If you are already within The List Editor:

To clear list L2:

Use the or keys to go to list L2.

Use the key to go UP to highlight the list name:

Notice the list name is highlighted!

Then clear the list with:

You will then see list L2 is empty:

 27

ClrAllLists
You may also clear all the lists at one time by using the ClrAllLists function.

From the Home screen you mudst first find the Catalog – on the 0 button – then find
the command ClrAllLists:

All 6 lists will then be clear:

Note: Use this command carefully – it clears EVERY list in the calculator. If you
wish to save one or more lists then use the routine on the previous page to clear the
individual lists that you do not want.
 28

1-VARIABLE STATISTICS

Enter the Best Actress data from page 23 of these notes in list L1.

1-variable statistics function is under the Stat – Calc menu:

From the Home screen:

This will display the following data on the Home screen:

The down arrow on the bottom line of the screen indicates that there is more data
below, access this using the down arrow keys:

Note: These last five numbers are the numbers needed for a 5-number summary

Note: The calculator will NOT find the mode – you must go back to the List
editor and scan the list yourself to find the mode.
 29

1-VARIABLE STATISTICS WITH FREQUENCIES OR PROBABILITIES

Constructing a grouped frequency table of the Best Actress data:

Age of Actress Frequency

21-30 28
31-40 30
41-50 12
51-60 2
61-70 2
71-80 2

Enter the Class Midpoints in list L1 and the Frequencies in list L2.

We then use the 1-Var stats function as above, but attaching the frequency list.
Note that the Midpoint list is first then the Frequency list:

From the Home screen:

The information is displayed on the Home screen, as on the previous example:

Note: This arrow indicates there is more information below – use the down
arrow key to view.
 30

Scrolling down for the rest of the information:

Note: The frequency list can also be probabilities or weights.

BOX AND WHISKER DIAGRAM

Use the Academy Awards data from page 23 of these notes.

Enter the Best Actress data in list L1.

Enter the Best Actresses data in list L2.

First go to the Y= menu and deactivate or erase all equations.

From the Home screen:

The following screen will appear:

For a basic box and whisker diagram first turn Plot 1 On then select the 5th small
diagram under Type:
 31
Draw the boxplot diagram with:

A single boxplot diagram for list L1 will show:

Investigate the function button and the arrow keys.

Also investigate the FORMAT options (on the TRACE button).

 32

MULTIPLE BOXPLOTS

From the Home screen, and with the boxplot diagram from the previous page still
activated:

The following diagram shows:

You can remove the axes by:

The diagram now looks like:

 33

Note: For a modified boxplot, under Type: select the 4th small diagram. Note
that the calculator cannot distinguish between mild and extreme outliers.

Select this diagram for a modified boxplot!

The following is the same problem using a modified boxplot:

 34

PROBABILITY

Factorials:
The factorial symbol is found under the Math – PRB menu.

To calculate 5! and 8!

Enter the number 5 on the HOME screen, then attach the factorial symbol:

Enter the number 8 then attach the factorial symbol:

Answers are displayed on the Home screen:

Permutations and Combinations:

(On the same screen as the factorial symbol)

To calculate 24C4 and 24P4

Enter the number 24, then attach the Permutation symbol, then enter the number 4:

Enter the number 24, then attach the Combination symbol, then enter the number 4:
 35
Answers are displayed on the Home screen:

Calculate 52P2 and 52C2:

Calculate 30C3 and 30P3:

 36

BINOMIAL PROBABILITY
Given that n = 12 and the probability of success is 0.8:

n = 12 and p = .8

The binomial function is found under the Dist menu on the key.

Individual Probabilities:
To find the probability that x = 5:

Results are:

Note: The command syntax is: binompdf( n, p, x )

Note: This is command selection A:

Values for x = 6 and x = 7 from the same problem:

 37

The Cumulative Function

The calculator also provides a cumulative function. This function adds up all of the
probabilities from x = 0 to the values that you enter in the function.

In the problem on the previous page, find the probability of at most 7 successes:

Results are:

Note: The command syntax is: binomcdf( n, p, x )

Note: This is command selection B:

 38

Binomial Probability Distributions

To generate a table of binomial probabilities where n = 12 and p = .80:

We will use the TABLE feature of the GRAPH button.

You must first enter the binomial function in the calculator’s Y= editor:

Note the button must be used for the graphing variable.

Then activate the Table feature:

This establishes the initial value as starting at 0 and the step value also as 1.

These two lines should

both highlight Auto
 39

Now generate the table on the button:

Results are:

We will round off probabilities to the 3rd decimal place. Translating the above table
and rounding off gives the following results:

x P(x)
0 0+
1 0+
2 0+
3 0+
4 0.001
5 0.003
6 0.016
7 0.053
8 0.133
9 0.236
10 0.283
11 0.206
12 0.069
 40

POISSON PROBABILITY
For this example p = .929.

The Poission function is found under the Distr menu (right below the binomial
functions)

From the Home screen:

To find the probability that x = 0:

Results are:

Generating the distribution (see the method in the Binomial section):

Results are:
 41

STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The standard normal distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

You can draw its graph with the following sequence:

First turn off any Stat-Plot functions.

We will next set up the graphing window:

Display the graph using the button.

 42

Finding probabilities given z-scores

Functions needed for these topics are found under the DISTR menu which is

We use function 2: which is normalcdf(

This will paste normalcdf( onto the home screen
You must then enter lowerlimit,upperlimit) and ENTER

Example: P(-.67 < z < 1.20)

From the Home screen:

Answer:

Example: P(.01 < z < 2.1)

 43
Example: P(z > -.2)

Since this example has no upper limit, and the calculator function requires an upper
limit we must enter a number that is “big enough” that the calculator thinks it is
infinite.

Any number larger than 10 standard deviations will be “big enough” however, to
establish a habit, we will use the largest exact number the calculator can use, which is
1 followed by 99 zero’s. In scientific notation on the calculator that is displayed as
E99.

Results are:

Note that the button on the calculator case shows EE but the screen shows E.
 44

Finding Percentiles
To find a z-score corresponding to a particular area (to the left of that z-score):

Also under the DISTR menu: we need selection 3: which is invNorm(

then enter the area as a decimal:

Example: P35:

Results are:

Example: P70 and P95:

 45

NONSTANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Nonstandard normal distributions have a mean other than 0 and/or a standard
deviation other than 1.

We will be simply adding the mean and standard deviation to the functions used for
the normal distribution.

For these examples μ = 100 and σ = 15:

P( x < 130):

Results are:

P( x > 131.5):

P( 90 < x < 110):

 46

NONSTANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION PERCENTILES

As with the nonstandard probabilities, we will attach the mean and standards
deviation to the function used for standard normal percentiles:

Find the 10th percentile of IQ scores:

Results are:

Find the 90th percentile of IQ scores:

Find the 60th percentile of IQ scores:

 47

CONFIDENCE

INTERVALS
 48

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
FOR 1 PROPORTION
This problem uses the 1-PropZInt function found under the STAT – TETS menu.

Construct a 99% confidence interval for n = 1200 and x = 800:

From the Home screen:

Enter the necessary information on the resulting screen:

The results will be:

The 99% confidence interval for the proportion is: 63.1% < p < 70.2%
 49

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR MEAN

σ KNOWN
Critical Values
Critical values are simply percentiles. We can then use the invNorm( function located
in the DISTR menu.

Find the critical value for the z-distribution for a 96% confidence level:

From the Home screen:

Results are:

The critical value is z = 2.05

 50

Confidence Intervals
We will use the function named ZInterval located in the STAT – TESTS menu.

n = 41 x = $67,200 σ = $18,277 95% confidence level

From the Home screen:

Enter the sample information on the following screen:

Results are:

So the 95% confidence interval for the mean is $61,606 < μ < $72,794

When answering a test or homework question use the foillowing notation:

95% ci: $61,606 < μ < $72,794

 51

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR MEAN

σ UNKNOWN

Critical Values
Critical values use the invT( function located under the DISTR menu. However, this
function is only available on “newer” TI-84 calculators. It is not available on the TI-83
or on older TI-84 calculators. If you do not have this function you will have to use the
tables in the textbook to find critical values.

99% confidence interval n = 15 σ unknown:

Results are:

So the critical value is 2.977.

Note: Notice that you enter  and the degrees of freedom.

2
 52

Confidence Intervals
We will use the function named TInterval located in the STAT – TESTS menu.

95% confidence interval n = 186 x = 3103 s = 696

From the Home screen:

Results are:

So the 95% confidence interval is: 3002 < μ < 32034

 53

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR

TWO PROPORTIONS
Two proportion confidence intervals are found using the 2-PropZInt function found
under the STAT – TESTS menu.

The Genetics and IVF Institute conducted a clinical trial of its methods for gender
selection of babies. Two methods were tested: XSORT to increase the chances of a
male baby and YSORT to increase the chances of a male baby. Of 325 couples using
the XSORT method 295 had girls. Of 51 couples using the YSORT method 39 had
boys. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the proportion of
girls and the proportion of boys.

Representing XSORT information with subscripts of 1 and YSORT information with

subscripts of 2:

From the Home screen:

This key sequence will produce the following screen:

Entering the problem data:

 54
After calculating:

The 95% confidence for the difference between the proportion of girls and the
proportion of boys is:

95% ci: 2.2% < pgirls – pboys < 26.4%

 55

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR TWO MEANS

INDEPENDENT SAMPLES
BOTH LARGE SAMPLES
Confidence intervals for this type of problem are found using the 2-SampTInt function
found under the STAT - TEST menu.

Example:

A study was conducted on the effects of marijuana use on college students. The
following results were obtained:
Items correctly sorted by light users: n = 64 = 53.3 s = 3.6
Items correctly sorted by heavy users: n = 64 = 51.3 s = 4.5

Using subscripts of 1 for light users and subscripts of 2 for heavy users:

The following screen will appear:

Enter all of the data asked for:

Note: NOT Pooled is the default selection.

 56
The following results appear:

So the 99% confidence interval is:

99% ci: .3 < μlight –μheavy < 3.7

 57

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR TWO MEANS

DEPENDENT SAMPLES
(MATCHED PAIRS)
This type of problem is not directly in the calculator. However, it can be done using
the capabilities of the calculator.

We will construct a confidence interval for the differences between the pairs.

Given the following matched pairs:

x 2 5 7 1 1
y 2 3 9 4 0

Enter the x’s in list L1.

Enter the y’z in list L2.

Move over the list L3 and move the cursor UP to highlight the name L3:

Move UP to highlight list name L3!

 58
Then: enter L1 – L2 by:

The following results:

We now find a standard TInterval on list L3:

Note: To access an internal list in the calculator we use the Data selection
on the Inpt: line and the list name on the next line.

We then have the following results:

So out 95% confidence interval for the differences is:

95% ci: -2.98 < d < 2.17.

59
 60

HYPOTHESIS TEST
1 PROPORTION
We will use the function 1-PropZTest found under the STAT – TEST menu.

Using the gender selection data on page 54 of these notes, test the claim that the
probability of a male baby is greater than 0.5 with the YSORT method.

The hypotheses are:

Ho: p ≤ .5
Ha: p > .5 claim

From the Home screen:

You will then fill in the required information in the following screen:

Enter the null hypothesis value here

Enter the alternative hypothesis situation here

Results are:

From this screen: The test statistic is: z = 3.780756227

The p-value is: p = 7.8201844E-5
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HYPOTHESIS TEST FOR MEAN

σ KNOWN
For this problem we use the function ZTest found under the STAT – TESTS menu.

Using data set #18 on page 786 of the textbook:

The hypotheses are:

Ho: μ = .8535
Ha: μ ≠ .8535

From the Home screen:

Enter the required information:

Results are:

The sample statistic is: z = .2299182488

The p-value is: p = .8181553783
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HYPOTHESIS TEST FOR MEAN

σ UNKNOWN
For this problem we use the function TTest found under the STAT – TESTS menu.

Given n = 21 = 132 s = 12 test the claim that the mean is less than 7 years.

The hypotheses:

Ho: μ=7
Ha: μ<7 claim

From the Home screen:

Enter the required information in the resulting screen:

Results are:

The sample statistic is: t = -.3818813079

The p-value is: p = .3532883707
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HYPOTHESIS TEST FOR

TWO PROPORTIONS
Two proportion confidence intervals are found using the 2-PropZTest function found
under the STAT – TESTS menu.

Given: Sample 1: n = 240 x = 151

Sample 2: n = 240 x = 17
Test that the proportions are equal.

The hypotheses are:

Ho: p1 = p2
Ha: p1 > p2

From the Home screen:

Enter the required information in the resulting screen:

Results are:

The sample statistic is: z = 12.82311329

The p-value is: p = 6.30442E-38
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HYPOTHESIS TEST FOR TWO MEANS

INDEPENDENT SAMPLES
BOTH LARGE SAMPLES
Hypothesis test for this type of problem are found using the 2-SampTInt function
found under the STAT - TEST menu.

Example: A study conducted to measure the effects of cocaine exposure on children

before birth. The following results were obtained:

Exposed before birth: n = 337 = 0.81 s = 1.50

No exposure before birth: n = 370 = 0.64 s = 1.16

Test the effects of cocaine exposure before birth.

The hypotheses are:

Ho: μ1 = μ2
Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2

From the Home screen:

Enter all of the data asked for:

The results are:

The sample statistics is: t = -2.908443321

The p-value is: p = .0019246229
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HYPOTHESIS TEST FOR TWO MEANS

DEPENDENT SAMPLES
(MATCHED PAIRS)
As for confidence intervals, this type of problem is not directly in the calculator.
However, it can be done using the same routine as for confidence intervals, using a
TTest for the hypothesis test.

We will perform a hypothesis test on the differences between the pairs.

Given the following sets of matched pairs:

x 9 6 11 11 3 5
y 13 12 14 10 4 12

Test the claim that there is no difference between the two data sets.

The hypotheses are:

Ho: μd = 0 claim
Ha: μd > 0

First enter the data into two lists:

Move over the list L3 and move the cursor UP to highlight the name L3:

Move UP to highlight list name L3!

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Then: enter L1 – L2 by:

The following results:

We now perform a standard TTest on list L3:

Note: To access an internal list in the calculator we use the Data selection
on the Inpt: line and the list name on the next line.

We then have the following results:

The sample statistic is: t = -2.711630723

The p-value is: p = .9789030017
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LINEAR REGRESSION
DIAGNOSTICS

Before starting linear regression you must activate something called the Diagnostics
which you will find in the Catalog.

The following sequence will activate this function:

If you did this properly, the following screen will show:

You will only have to do this ONCE. It will remain activated even when you turn your
calculator off. (if you change batteries you will have to activate it again)

SCATTER PLOT

Enter the following numbers in list L1 and in list L2.

NOTE: Before proceeding go to Y= and clear out any functions there. Then return
to the HOME screen.
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To draw the scatter plot:

Result is:

REGRESSION EQUATION

Return to the HOME screen.

To activate the linear regression function:

Result is:

To calculate the regression equation hit ENTER, result is:

The linear regression equation is: y = 2.86 x + 76.74 (to 2 decimal places).
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We will now graph the linear regression equation on top of the scatter plot.

The following sequence will place the entire regression equation into the Y= location
(from the HOME screen):

Result is:

Then simply hit the button to get:

You can then find predicted y-values from the regression equation (using the value
function under the CALC menu on the TRACE button).

Note: When you are finished with your scatter plots go back and
deactivate the STAT PLOT function. The scatter plots may interfere with the normal
graphing function.
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χ2 TEST
Test the following data for independence:

0-1 2-3 4-5 6-7

Male 40 53 26 6
Female 34 68 37 11

To perform a χ2 test you must first enter the numbers into a matrix. A matrix is a rectangular array of
numbers. The dimensions of a matrix are (the number of rows) x (the number of columns). The above
problem will need a 2 x 4 matrix.

The following sequence will enter the numbers into matrix A:

Note: You do NOT have to clear the matrix first – you will replace anything already there.

The χ2 test is found in the STAT – TESTS menu:

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To place the matrix A in the Observed line:

To place the matrix B in the Expected line:

The result is:

Select Calculate, the result is:

The calculator places the expected values in matrix B. To view the expected values:

Return to the HOME screen:

The result is:

Use the arrow keys to scroll the screen to the right to see values off the screen.
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ANOVA
Analysis of Variance is performed using the ANOVA function found under the STAT –
TESTS menu.

Chest deceleration in a car crash info:

Subcompact 55 47 59 49 42
Compact 57 57 46 54 51
Midsize 45 53 49 51 46
Full-size 44 45 39 58 44

Determine if the mean is the same for all 4 types of vehicles.

First enter each category’s information into a list:

Then find the ANOVA command:

The Home screen will look like:

Note: The lists can be entered in any order.

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The results are displayed over two screens:

The sample statistic is: F = .9921670139

The p-value is: p = .4215699156