aS 55 SRS Ree think they are speaking 2. What do you thinkan encan stop speaking a language? 3. Do you speak the same language a why not? 10 MyEnglshlab ro ¢ y do you think people s your grandparentsi TSENINGKONY LANGUAGE Loss VOCABULARY i Languages ‘Speskers spoken by bf 0.2% oft wots persiaton 8% swe spokenby—>/ 2th OT ors } | | ) Read and listen to an excerpt from a textbook about endangered languages. LANGUAGE TODAY DISAPPEARING LANGUAGES ‘There are more than 6,000 languages in the world today. Unfortunately, many of these languages are endangered, An endangered language is a language that few people are learning to speak. When an endangered Tanguage lass all of ts speakers it becomes extinct. Sometimes a language appears when the language of amore powerful or dominant community replaces il For example, this happened wen English replaced many native languages in North America. Today, many Native Americans only speak English instead of tho native language oftheir cultre Many linguists study endangered languages and work to preserve them, A number of speakers of these languages also work hard to save them for en future generations. In many commantis, there ae special prograts that teach chldcen thet native language. These programs are important for children to acquire their native language. The children in these programs row upto be bilingual—they can speak two languages: he language of the more paworul commenity as well as their native language (©) choose the best synonym or dfrton or ech word o phrase 1. endangered Koightdiesoon b. already dead 2.extinet Koo longer ensting b.veryold 3. disappears 4 stopsbeing uel Kops being used 4, dominant XKoicong ara 5. replaces deranges for someting se b. siops 6 linguists leer ( Xow ae | eel emrene {slags oniatd peopl speak € stangage that bongs othe place ‘of one’s birth 9. bilingual 2. speaking one languge >Kéecking wo languages 10, acquire Mean i. speak 4, people who speak the same language ¥X people who study the science of language 60 TO MyEnglshlab 10 CHECK WatAT YOU KOM, a 169PREVIEW © Linen othubegonig ofa cure on ngage los, Rand rd ave cach queen 1 Where isthe speaker boo ce ontheradio 2. Whatisthe topic? «endangered languages endangered languages and cultures «endangered and dead languages 3. What do you think the speaker will tak about? Make three predictions, MAIN IDEAS @ Listen to the whele lecture. Then look again at your predictions from the Preview pre section, Were your predetons correct? Did they hep you understand the lecture? Read each statement, Write T (vue) or F (ae) —— 1. Linguists care aboot endangered languages because, when a language des, a culture can de, too. —— 2 Languages become endangered when children dant go to school —— 3. Sometimes the government makes illegal to spealcaIaguage. —— 4. Dominant communities usually learn the language ofthe les powerful community —— 5: Linguists try to save endangered languages. DETAILS. © Linen to he acre agin Then cre the best anor to complete each statement 1. Bythe year2100,__ofthe world languages could be extinct, 50 percent a0 percent, & 20percent 2. TheManx peoplelosttheirnatve a. caltue b. traditions language 3. Acconding to the speaker, ‘may be lost when a language disappears 4 books schools, ——_b, culture isto, . customs, communities and teachers and knowledge and way oflife 4. Before 1987, twas ___\o each Hawalian in public schoal, a: legl b. required «dificult 5. Today, more than students are enolled in Hawaiian language programs. 1,000 6. 2,900 «. 12000 6 Once there were___ Native American languages, but now many have become extinct a. several b. hundreds of «thousands of 7. In Greenland, students leate 4. Kalalisot and b only Danish « only Kalalisut Danish 8. Linguists help create programs where people can study endangered languages. | a. interesting b. community unusual 9. Linguists preserve languages by —_ a. recording them, b. studying them, «. recording them, studying them, leaching them, studying them, and by writing and writing and wating story books history books grammar books MyEnglshlab ro ‘Gelmeendttiines: 64| MAKE INFERENCES sovanes visronst Desa acta reac caren pent | fede apnea tbe er A speaker’ viewpoint isthe speaker's opinion on a saject. Knowing a speaker's viewpoint will help you understand the points made, The speakers viewpoint isnot always stated clearly. You ‘may need to guess or infer the viewpoint @ Listen to the example. Ten read he stacement. Wha isthe speaker's viewpoint? Proresson: Good morning, everybody Toda, Id like to talk sbout endangered and ead languages, So. .. who did the reuding for today? Hmm... 1 see ‘ some of you did... Then, who can tell me what a dead language it ‘The professor says, "I see some of you did” The professor wants il the students odo the reading and be prepared ta discuss, You can infer that he probably would agre that many students are not prepared fr cass. @ Lister 20 tno excerpts from the etre, After stein o each excerpt answer the cles, Discuss our answers withthe css. Do you think the professor would agree or disagree with the statement: “Language programs are a good way to preserve languages” a. agree b, disagree | Do you think he student would agre or disagree with the following statement “Ym not sure t's worth ito preserve languages"? agree b, disagree 172 unre EXPRESS OPINIONS ‘Workin a small group. Read the diferent opinions about language. Then say whether you agree or disagree with the opinions and explin why. Language is avery important part of ones culture, Thats why we should preserve languages. thinks imponant for people te learn more than tne language. That way they an understand diferant people and cures | tink ash count hve only one offi language. Poople who lve inthe same country should speak the same languoge. Bndangeted Languages 173| RSENS) MV LiFe, my LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION © Usten tothe spec talk abou er experience wih her nate language and cure \ VOCABULARY “Thon reg ich quision and iris te conser thew {Hl} Read the blog entry Pay attention to the boldfaced words. 1, Where does she live? ne were » Genind LANGUAGE LOSS STUDY me cone HOME | you folow my biog, you know | travel all over the word studying 3. What language did her grandparents speak? endangered languages tis ver intresting learning about languages and utes. Ihave posted soma stris of pope | recertly met. The stores are about a language that once was the (1 official language of cour, coma Everyone spoke the language. But things changed, and it was no langar the oficial language. As you know, when this happens, a language ean become extinct. Tiss exactly what people were woried about So, a group of people ABOUTUS | 2) ot togethor to tall me thir stories and to tak abaut doing semnething ‘about the situation. They (3) came up with some greet ideas, some ways to } help slow the loss of thar language. They had to work withthe government a. Maori b. English ¢ | 2. What language did she learn in school? | 4, How did she fee in her family? 4. empty and different bi. happy and excited 5. Where do her children learn Maori language and culture? ‘on ther (4) policy. They created some rules about language teaching. Without inelementary school 'b. in language nests people ike tis, languages wil (@) eventually become extinct hope you'l enjoy listening to sore of my storas think they are relly Interesting! 6, What is language nest? ta. apreschool b, ahome school 7, Hoow many language nests are there now? Match the boidfaced words with their definitions. Write the number of the words, ae herstind 1b over 400 —— aanieorplan {8 What ae three Maori values that children learn? +a, love, caring, and respect _b, hope, sharing, and family intheend ea for elders responsibilities — «created thought about 9. Who teaches the Morals thiangoage an cultre? —— dime a, linguists eb, older Maoris _—— € the main language used 10, Where do they meet? ina country a. in schools bin neighborhood centers 11, Whatisfare the official language(s} of New Zealand now? st mamas omsten GO TO MyEngishLab Fon H}ONe vo a. gly by aglch and Mao 174 unta Badangored Languages 175LISTENING SKILL LISTENING FOR REASONS AND EXAMPLES eating esos an example that soporte main en can ep you understand the main. idee Some word and preety etosare the eson» hs isbcase. and thats why... Some words alphas thet dently and lst examples efor example. --, an cxanpleof isis... ako... france, and anther. @ sen the exarpls: Example Inschoo, 1 earned and spoke English. hiss because English ws the oficial language. Everything was taght in English in school. That was the goverment poi ‘Main idea tn schoo, earned and spoke English REASON ‘Thisis because English was the ofl language. AcasOn ‘That was the goverament policy ‘Taemsin ideas that FEngish was the only language she learned and used in schodl, The reason ‘sEngish was the official language and it was the gorernment policy She says, “This is because English was the oficial language” Example? Through the language nests, children learn about the values and traditions ofthe Maori culture, For example, me have a sirong bein lve, compassion, caring, host, family ‘esponsibities, and respect for elders. Als, children learn our Maori stories, which area big ‘part of our traitor. ‘Main idea Through the language ness childsen earn about Maori trations and the base values ofthe Maori culture, Example. For example, we have a surong belle in love, compassion, caring, hospitality, family responsibilities, and respect for elders, Example Also, children lern our Maori stories, which area big part of our tradition The main ideas the chien lam the values and traditions of Mac cultuce. Examples of values area strong belie in love, compassion, caring, hospitality, family responsibilities and respect far | ‘elders. Another examples children lea about Maori stories, which ae pat oftheir tradition | @ Listen to the excerpts. Wirte the missing words to complete the main idea and the word or phrase that introduces each statement co support the main idea. Then, dedde if each statement isa reason or an example, Circle the correct answer, Main Kea: We are also trying, +L now attend classes that meet in a neighborhood cester, where the teachers are all older Maori, usually grandparents. b, example adults can learn i by attending week-long classes. ». example Two Main dea: There are severel reasons why sometimes the government makes it legal to teach the language in school. ». example —_______brefore 1987, twas illegal to teach the Hawatian language in Haveaits public school b. example To MyfnglshLab 29k MORESHIL. PRABENING EP 1: Org @ Workin pus Uist the examples from Listening Two foreach des fom Listening One WHYAREWE LOSING SOMANY — | pe | euiceer EXAMPLES FROM LISTENING TWO [ees doen te nigra 2. Children stop learning the language and only old paople speak it 3, Chitden dont earn the culture. HOW CANWE SAVE LANGUAGE ’AND CULTURES? EXAMPLES FROM LISTENING TWO |) chien learn the language andcuture. | | | || 2.The goveroment makes the languegs offal. | 2. | 5. Adults learn the language and clture STEP 1: Synthesize Work with the same partner, Student A, you are 2 student asking questions; Student B, you are the professor giving examples. Begin by asking about the reasons for language loss and chen ask about ways to save languages and cultures. the answer is not complete, sk a follow-up question such as "Could you give me an example?” Then switch roles. Use the information from Step | ple ‘As Why are we losing so many languages? (One reason for language los is because children dost le inschool. 2 their native language ‘As Could you give mean example? Bs Before, Maori children ony learned English in schoo, so they coulda speak Maori vith their grandparents. Noy they learn Maori and English ‘Az How can we ave language and culture? Bi Cihildren can goto language programs. ‘Av Whatsan example of alanguage program? Bi Onecxample islanguage nests. 160 To MyEnglshlab fo CxeeK yar WOU LEARNED. 178 unrs VOCABULARY REVIEW ‘Complete the conversation between two students with words from the box. Use the underlined words to help you. Then practice reading the conversation aloud witha partner Switch roles afer item 5 acquire extinct, official languages iseppeer Angulots preserve dominant native language replacing endangered ‘As Heveyoubeard ofthe Endangered Language Allance! Bi Na whats [As Itsa project of people who stadylanguages. fsa group of ___linguists 2 B: What do they do? Az Theyare studying inNew York languages that may die soon. And they doit Bs New York! Really? Why New Youk? ‘Az Wal English isthe main language B: Right, English isthe language ‘Az Yes, But some linguists believe there are as many a 800 languages spoken in New York, Bight hundred languages, Wow! ‘Ar Theycall New Yorkan “endangerment hot spot” New Yor is fll of languages that are ‘not going to be around in 20 or 30 yeas. B: Lnguagesthat willbe Continued on nest page) Endangered Languages, 179180 UNT8 Right. Overtime, people wil stop speaking the languages. The languages will slowly goaway And they will z That’ right. The United Nations keeps alist of languages that might become extinct, UN experts and linguists think that a language will probably disappear in one generation or two. That happens when the number of people who use the language asa first language i too small Tn ober words, when ther are not enough people who use the language as 2 a Right, and when no one is learning the language, children dont or example, one language spoken in New York, é Garifuna, is from Belize and Honduras in Central America. But people now speak Spanish and English instead, which are the dominant languages. Spanish and English are Garifunat 1 day Cha Anse cent ad Ege ge the government uses So Bagh and Spanish wethe Right But Garfunais now as common in New Yorks in Honduras and Belize where itis from. Many people moved to New York and stl speak the language. People in New York nowhave clases in Garfuna Maybe they can it and they can doit in New York. ‘They dont have to travel to far away countries. Exactly! © © Read the article from a language preservation website PRESERVING THE WORLD’S LANGUAGES ENDANGERED LANGUAGES | 1 In 1999, the United Nations mace Fetrunry21 International Mother Language Day to celebrate the many languages of site oes the word and to encourage their preservation, 2 But preserving the word’ lnausges i big chalenge Languages are becoming extinct very cuickly because SEA ORTHO, people are staring to speek other languages, suchas English. Engish she dominant language a torational SEARCH business. Also, English and a few oer languages are boginring to (1) take over popular entertzinment, such as {elovison, music, fm, ad the Intenet. For exaple, more COLES, ‘than 50 percent of websites on the Intent are in English In many counties, students no longer learn in ther (2 mether EMAIL PAGE ‘tongue at schoo. n adition, may parents encourage thelr ctildren o lean the nguage ofa more poworul community PRINT PAGE inorder to ge an education and find a good job For hese reasons, many people don't become (3) fuent in thir native language or (4) pass it down to ther chien, Tisis why linguists ae (6) making an effort to preserve the word's languages before thy ar lost. _wwu,presorvethelanguages.org | = ‘Write the number ofeach bolifaced ward or phase in the text next to its definition © native language ____ b give something to younger people __ 6 tying te do something 4. guin control of _— €. speaking or writing in an easy, smooth way ‘Endangered Languages 181182 ‘Work with a partner. Choose one of the situations below. Role-play the situation using the ‘words in the box Then switch oles. Practice both role phys, and then perform your best role play forthe clas. bilingual make an effort pass down, endangered ‘mother tongue preserve extinct native language take over fluent uation 1 Student A, you aca parent: Your native language is endangered. You want your child to lea ‘your mative language at schoo, but the school enly teaches English, You want the school to teach your native language. Student B, you ae the schoo! principal. You thinkal of the children should learn English at schoo because tis the dominant language in your community. Situation 2 ‘Student A, you ae a parent Your native language Is endangered. You want your child to go toa coimunity program to earn your native language, but your child does not want to go. Student B, you are the child. You only want to learn English because all the children at your school speak it. You do not want to goto community program. Go Fo MyEngishLab fon ORE VOCABULARY GRAMMAR Read the conversation and underline the verbs, Then answer the questions ‘As What is going to happen to the language? Bs The language is probably going to disappear ‘Az Willchildren stop learning the langoaget Bs Yes, they probably wil 1, What isthe tense in each question? How do you know? 2, Look at cach verb after wil and be going fo in the conversation, Wat i its form? UNTE: FUTURE WITH WILL AND BE GOING TO 1. Use will or be going toto + state facts about the future. + make predictions abot the future 2. Use be going 010... + talk about future plans 3. To form statements with will or be going to. + use will or be going to plus the base form ofthe ver, + wsethe contraction of will (19 with ‘pronouns in speaking + do not use contractions in affiestive shortanswets. + use the contraction of be going ton speaking and informal wating 4 Tofoum a negative statment wih wil + use will nator wot plus the base form af the verb. + use worn negative short answers 5, To form annegativestatemtent with be going to + use be not gong oor the contraction plus the base fom ofthe verb, + use contractions in negative shoct 6, Use wil or be going fo to ask questions shout the future. + Yes no questions: use wil + subject + base form ofthe veeb + Yes /no questions: use be + subject + ‘going fo + base form ofthe verb + Wh. questions: begin the question with a whe word ‘What will happen to endangered languages? Some languages wll die. Others are going to replace them. Are you going to study another language? ‘Yes, 'm going to take an English class next year “Maori children will be bilingual. They ate going to speak two languages, ‘They'll speak both Maoe and English Shell beable o speak with ber grandparents ‘A: Willthey save their culture? 1B Yes, they: ‘They're going to speak both Maori and English She’ going tobe ale to speak with her srandpareats In Grenlan, students will nt los hr native language ‘They wont lose their native language ‘Az Willthey lose their language? B: No they wot. [In Greenland, students are not going to lose theit native language “They arent going to lose their native languege. A: Are they going tose their language? B: No, they rent, ‘Will they earn a new language? ‘Are we going to lose te language? Where will we study? ‘When are we going to learn the language? (continued on next page) EndangeredLanguages 183| 1p a ht ou hk thing gp ify peroent or more of languages are probably {going tobe extinct in 100 yeas, Many languages probably arent going to survive. \ ipipan saan | hen lrguoge dies he clr wi probaly inca Whe nguge ds he cate probably wont sae I Work in groups of three, Read the questions. Each of you will make preictions using will be going to, and probably. Write the other students’ answers and reasons fr their predictions | euesnons “ule your native language | ing to disappear, or it {aing tobe preserved for future generations? Es | 2. wit tne eiaren in your | family be blinguai? r 3. Are the children in your ‘amity going to speak tho same language 9 your ‘randprents? | 4. wi you stop speeking your | anguage? 5 ls longuage going to change because af He Inernet | 6 Wl new languages appear? | svmemimen O10 MyEnglshlab fon 028 184 uNTS PRONUNCIATION USING CONTRACTIONS AND REDUCTIONS WITH WILL AND BE GOING TO ‘When you speak you anus the contraction ic wil won for will not and the eduction ‘yom for gong. @ Listen to the examples and repeat. {When my children start school they WMsura Maoe- Mychildcen won't forget Maor bec speak itt home Tm going to teach my chidcen ay mative lnguage Its going to be fu! Vere not going to tp speaking or native langage Ourlanguge tn ping to cisappea. ‘WILL: ‘Useconiraction with pronouns and wil: you hse, we thet ‘When the word before willendsin a consonant, pronounce it enjoin it othe preceding ‘word, ‘The underlined words inthe sentence below sound the seme @ seen so the example and ape Nicel give me nick. ‘Thecontraction ‘ls usually writen only afer pronouns. Even when the fll form wil is writen, itis usually pronounced as & contraction. We Warre: What will you do? ‘Wear: “Whattl” you dot BE GOING TO: ‘Use contractions with pronouns and be: im, your, t,he’, she, theyre, wee WeWarre: What are you going todo? ‘WeSax: “Whatie” you gonna” do? Use “gonna” for going to + bate form of aver, FB © Listen and repeat the sentences, Use the contraction "ll for wil and “gonna” for be going to, 1. When 1 have children, I'l make sure they speak Maori, Were going to speak the same language. 2. When she goes to schoo, she’ going to study only English, 3, Ifyou goto Greenland, youl hear two languages 4, Ifthe language dies, the culture wont survive. 5. Hell vsithis native country. 6. How will you lean the language? 7. Are you going to go to a language school? 8 Willyou become ent? Endangered Languages, 16)12) Work with a partner. Student A, ask one of the questions. Student B, listen to the 10080 the correct answer, and read it aloud. Use the contractions "fr wil "for be gong to. Switch roles afer item 4, Student B 1, How wil chien learn Maori in New 4. Yes, theyte going tobe able to Zealand? speakto thie grandparents 2. How willadults learn Maori? b. They'learn Maori lnguage nd 3 What children learn in language ness? “ure «They goto language nests and 4. Who wil teach the adults ge ae 5, Are Maori children going to be able to cae ya anita speakto thei grandparents in Maori? fae ee fe Niae eet aes ee Baglin ¢. The clture will disappear their grandparents? 7. What will happen to Maori culture if Tey pW ngage canes the Maori language dis? Older Maori will teach clases for 8. Where are children going to speck the ete Maori language? 1. Theyre going to speak at home and at school SPEAKING SKILL GIVING REASONS AND EXAMPLES Ressons and examples ae used to explain general statements General Statement: Sometimes governments make illegal to teach anative language in school. ‘Reason Tis is because the government wants childen to learn iferet language. Example: For example, before 1987 it ws illegal to teach the Howeian language in Havals public choos Ths is because the government wasted children to learn in English ‘Here, the speaker first makes a statement: He says thatthe teaching of language canbe legal. He aves an example ofthe Hawaiian language. Then he explains the reason, Giving Reasons Giving Examples This because Forinstance, Thereasons for this are. Forexample, (One reason An example of this is 186 Ta ‘Work witha partner. Seudent A, look at this page. Student B, go to page 191 and fllow the instructions there. Seudent A, ak the questions below. Student B will answer based cn the Information given on page 181. Ask followup questions with why to find out the reasons. Example ‘A Why do languages become endangered? 3B: Well, sometimes governments make it ilegal to teach language in school As Why's that? 3: Thisis became the government wants children to lean the dominant language. For example, before 1987 it was illegal to teach the Hawaiian language in Havas public schoo, The government wanted cildeen to learn in English Student AS Questions 1. What are people doing to save endangered languages? 2, What is happening to Native American languages? Now switch roles, Student B asks you questions. Answer each question based on the information below. Make sure you use the phrases for giving reasons and examples Student As Information 3. India doesnt havea single oficial Tanguage ‘The government wants the diferent states o choose thei own oficial languages. ‘Telugu and Urdu are the oficial languages inthe tate of Andhra Pradesh, 4, Many native languages in Australia are neil extinct. ‘Only afew alts speak them, (Only about 12 adults are fluent speakers of Wambay and no chidren are leaming it smamonen GO TOMyEnpishLab For MORE SKIL Pa ICE AND TO CHECK YNAY YOU LEARNED Endangered Languages 187FINAL SPEAKING TASK Tn this activity, you nl havea smal group discussion. You will discuss th future of some endangered languages and ways to preserve them, Try to use the vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and language fr giving reasons and examples that you learned in the wnit* Work in a small group. Follow the steps. P 1; Look a the information about the endangered languages in the chart. Discuss the languages and why they are endangered. + Peedictthe future ofthe language. Use will, be going to and probably. Give reasons and examples to support your ideas. Suggest things that you will do to save the Inguage. Evoauoeted Lancusce: ‘Mohawk Novae oF Sens: About 3,000 fluent speakers Locatow North America: Ontario (Canada) and New York (United States) nwt Lavcuacs: English Laxcunce Prootns Somme language programs in local schools and after School. Tere are classes for adults to learn the language. There are resources onlin, like a weekly blog of Mohawk vocabulary. There isan app to help people learn Mohawk vocabulary and pronunciation, ‘A: Whyis Mohawk endangered? Its endangered because only about 3.000 people speak Mobawk. Most Mohawk people speak English. Do you thinkit will disappear soon? 1 think it mght because there are enough young people learning the language. What will you da to preserve it? ‘There are some programs for adults to learn Mohawk, and other technology, ike apps Tillderelop more apps. G_Milstart language nests for young children, Br EO “For Altemative Speaking Topics, se page 191 188 NTS oaeeee i ENDANGERED LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMS TO PRESERVE THEM a Enoworseo Lance Sorbian [Nuno oF Srv ‘About 30,000, mostly adults Location: Germany Downanr Lavcusces German Livcurce Proceaus Mostly used in the home There is na government support , Exowcetco Lavcuace: Hokkaido Aina Nuns oF Seas: no native speakers Location: Japan Downe Lavcuace: japanese Lancunce Peoceaus: _Nottaught in schools Some community programs & Exoworern Lancunct: — Gelao Nuva oF Seas ‘About 2,000, mostly older adults Locanore southern China Downer Lacusce Cantonese Lanaunce Proceaus: No language programs Used in raditional religion (continu on next page) Endangered Languages 1894. Exner Lincuace: Remo Nuwanea oF Sees: 6,500 Loemiow: India Domnaxr Lavcurct: Hindi and Oriya Lascunce Peoceas: Online grammar program. “Talking dictionary,” an online recorded dictionary fe Fxoceieo Licunce: Os Nuvott oF Seta Tess than 25, mostly elderly Locman: Siberia Dowewsr Lavcuact: Russian Lacusce Proceus: No language programs ‘There isa projet by an organization called “Living Tongues” to make a book of the language and digital recordings to put on tbe internet STEP 2: When you fish, report your group’ ideas for preserving the languages to the class UNIT PROJECT You are going to research an endangered language and culture, Follow these steps: STEP |: Go to the library or use the Internet. Find out about an endangered culture and language (such a the ones listed below), Trumai Ugong Alagwa —Chamowo Navajo. ‘Sere Breton Cornish Rangi —-Sonsorolese Use these questions to help you research. Take notes, a. Whats the name ofthe endangered language? », Whereis the language spoken? « How many people speak the language? How old are they? 4. Is anything being done to preserve the language? . Will this language survive? TEP 2: Report to the class. Tell them about this language and its future Listening Task Listen co your classmates’ reports. Take notes and answer questions a-e above. Which languages are the most endangered? Which do you think has the greatest chance of surviving! 190 NTs eich ieee SMe Sb Si A FS Ue ALTERNATIVE SPEAKING TOPICS Work in a small group. Discus the questions. 1. Do you think people should do more to preserve endangered languages? Why or why not? 2. What do you think about learning English? How willithelp you in the future? 3. Do you thinklearning English il threaten (hurt) your native language? swomanmuoman GO 70 MyEngishLab TO DISCUSS ONE OF THE ALTERWATIVE TOPICS, WATCH A VIDEO ASOUT ENDANGERED CULTURES, AND TAKE THE UNIT 8 ACHIEVEMENT TEST, meus SPEAKING SKILL Student Bs Information ‘Student B sten to Student As questions. Answer each question based on the information below. Make sure you use the phrases for giving reasons and examples. 1. Linguists and other interested people have started organizations to help preserve native languages. They ate concerned that many ofthe worlds languages may disappear, “The Foundation for Endangered Languages helps to study and preserve native ‘anguages 2. Many Native American languages are endangered ‘More Native Americans are speaking only English ‘The Iroquoian languages like Onandaga and Mohawk, spoken in upstate New York and parts of Canad, have been slowly dying for more than 200 years Now switch roles Seudent Bask the following questions Student A will answer you based on | the information given on his or her page. Ask follow-up questions with “why” to find out the reasons, Student B's Questions 3. Does India havea single official language? 4. What is happening tothe native languages in Australia? Bndangered Languages 197Excerpt Two Apmresrnaton: adetstand your concerns Sem, really do, but maybe il give you a spec example youluae a bene ide of what talking about Listening Two, page 151, Comprehension ‘Maza Proressox (MP): So, bow se things going wh the atest group of sudens? Fenate Puosessox (FP): Great! haven petty talented group this ea, And the jut oe the new Video games and simulations. | ext believe thie enthosiasn MP: Yea, ell mine are spending lt of te nthe simlation lib too—but Fn nt sure how much they real uring Seems tome that he tie they’ ‘pending on gamesis ime they are spending doing ‘he clas readings ‘PP: Reali? Not my stadt, Actually jst the oposite This group doing aly god job wth the readings, Compared ois yar Do you we read system — you know, ice making them pass an onlivequizon the reading before they can use the smidation ab? That works prety wal fo "MP: Noda think ofthat maybe Hl try FR: Tibe happy to share my guises wth you. ‘MP. Thanks. | apprecaeit But bac tothe simaltion lab. do you eal think tht ifs eping them improve her sil? Personally, Tm not convinced that working ona dummy isthe sume as working on a ving, breathing human ing PP: Wel... actualy vast set ist eter, but after using the sslation ab for a couple of semesters, Tim becoming more 2nd more conse, (MP: Are you sce. ut whit about ther communication sll? Dot you think you have to lnteract wit areal person to develop those? RNa, aot ely. was surprised at how wel the dummies behave just ike rel Burt belage—Wwith one impoctatdferenee—you ct ug of kl hem! And the esearch shows they rally wok, MP: Which research? FP; Wel ead some ties that show medical stunts ined on ideo games and dummies improve Doth thei skis od general medical knowledge. na, they sy using games works better han mice racial traning —you kno ike the way we were trained Because ofallthe practice with he dummies, they make fewer mistakes on thera pats, At est thats been _my experience—and the serch support (MP: Hmmm... Tike to see the research youre talking about Could you sead mea nk? 210. Aucioscript FP; Sure 20 preblen, ‘MP: Ob, and alink to those quis, ton FB: Abvolutely, Anyway, have run but Tin gla we had the chace ta chat MP: fe oo —alnays gre talkng to you, ad thanks foe he ideas ana informatio, FP: Anytime. Good luck withthe guizzee—let me Know ifthey wok fo yos. MP: Sur, see you around, FP: Se you later Page 152, Listening Skill Excerpt One a. Jor:,, Taal for anything that an make these poor Kid ies more, DD, Baewoa: Well [can see how tht might work with ‘ds bat mast of us work with ada, Excerpt Two FD: Wall. actually wast sure at freer, but sfierusng the simulation lab fra cople of emestrs, Tin becoming more and roc convinced, DMP: Ace you sure? ur what aboot heir communication skillz Do you think you have to Interact with real pon o develop thse? UNIT 8: Endangered Languages Listening One, page 170, Preview Poresson: Good morning everybody. Today. lice total about exdangored and den languages. So iho did the reading er today? Hi... se sora of you di. Then, who can tell me what dead language ie) STUDENT I: Um... Isialangusge that nobody speaks anymore, you kn, ike Latin? Proresson: Yeah, thatright. Now how about an endangered language? Jesse, what do you think? Srupenr 2: An endangered language? Wel uh maybe a alanguage that might die? Proressox: Right An endangered language is language tht may disor become extinct soon, Thre a over 600 langusgesin the word, nd some linguists think tha’ about 0 percent could be extinet bythe yet 2100. ex, that a ot So, many gusts ‘ant fo preserve thee dying languages Page 170, Main Ideas Prortssom: Good morning, everybody, Today 1 like to tatkabout endangered sad deud languages, So who cid the reading for today? Hin. Tse. some of you did. Then, wo can tel me what a dead language? ‘Srunene 1: Un.,.Jsita language that nobody speaks anymore, youknow, ie Latin? ProrESson: Yh, that ight. Now, how about an endangered langage? Jessica, what do you think? Srupent 2 An endanger language? Well maybe Bb alangage tht might de? Paovessow: Rpt. An endangered Language ina Ianguage that may die, orbecome extinct oon, There ae over 600 languagesin the world and some linguists think that abou $0 percent could be extinct bythe year 2100. Yes, tha ale! So, many inguss at fo preserve these dying leagues, Srupewr 2; So, why do they want do ha? There are so many lnguages! rit easier when people peak these language anyway? Prorussox: Wilh thts god pola Hsing ever languages is more convenient for conuiction, bt there re good reasons io save endangered language. When a language des, arto the culture cade, too, Now this docs anys happes Fr istanc, the Mane people om the Il of Man nthe Irish Sea owt thei native language, but they've kept many pars oftheir uitureandtradtonsas Manx. But when & language cies it usally has 3 big affect onthe ule “Think about whats expressed through language stores ceremoaies, poet humor, «whole way of thinking and feting, When a language dicsall of this may best So clue isos. ls, hor and aovedge ae pase down through language so ‘when the language disappears, important history end -nowledge may bes, to. thats why people care shout language loss. ight. moving oa... Now how do you think languages become erdangered ang eatin? STUDENT 3: Wel, guess nobody speaks the or studies them, Proresson: Ye And thse are seve reasons why languages can become endangesed, One reason is Sometimes the government makes itiegal to teach the language in choo. Pr example, befor 1987, ‘twas legato each the Hava langue in avails public schools. twas dficulfr children to acguize Havin, Asa est tha ngage became endangeced, i, stating in 1987, new programs began ‘teach the Havalln langage Today there are more than 200 students envied in these programs. So oy many children have the chance to earn Hewaan and preserve forthe mere In another stato, if one comminy has more power ‘han another community, the less powertlcommiaiy ‘en felsit mst arn te langage of the mare omer or dominant group. Two things can happenin ‘hissltuation. none case, che more dominant language ‘replaces the oer language One example isthe case Of Native American langage paken in what is now the United States Once there were hundreds of Native American languages. Now; more and moe people spesk Engl, and ao the ative languages. Miny of ‘hese languages hare become extinct. So sometimes community totally replaces tei naive language with another language, Or the es povesfal ‘community can keep thei native language and earn, the other language to. An example of hi iin (Grenland where stents leas Kalalit and Danish, ‘hey are bngul: they lars bah ngage, they ‘wont lose thei mative language. Alo Kalalliut was sade an oficial language in Greenland long with Danish This an aio help save cnangeed languages for future generations Srupe 3:50... Are people doing anything ele to saver dying langeages? roressox: Yes lings ep create community programs where peopl cn stidythe language and learn dboutthe culture Also, they try to preserve as many endangered languge 3 the ca. They make videotapes audotaps ard writen cond of lnguage ith ensations. They also stad the weabolary and rules ofthe language, and write dctiongres and grammar books OK, thats ale ofinfocmaton fron lecture! We tele about endangered and ding languages in wy 8 important to sae languages, how languge di, and how people an save endangered languages Great! So formext time, please rad chap en, Page 172, Make Inferences Bxcerpt One Proresson: Yes, And therenre several eaons why languages can become endangered. One reason s Sometimes the goeenment acs it ileal to teach the language in schoo. For etample before 1987, itwas illegal each the Hawai langage in avai publicschoos t ws dic fr chien acqute Hawaian. As esl ha language became endangered, But, stating In 1987, new programs began to each the Havalan language. Today ther ace re than 200 students erie in hese progrs. So ‘now, many cldren have the chance fo ltrm Hain and preserve it or he future Excerpt Dro PuorEsson: So, many linguists an to peter hese ying languages. Audioseript 211Sropenr 2:50, why da they want tod thal There are somany languages! Int teaser when people speak the same language anyway? Listening Two, page 175, Comprehension ‘Wowan: Lam Mace ling in Ne Zealand tn schoo, ‘earned and spoke English, This icbecase Engl ase oficial language. Everything was taught in English nschool Thats the government policy. only ard Maoei when was wth my grandpacets. I ‘ould underand tle Mace but could not sped Tou not havea conversation with ny grandparents because they did net peak English ‘When ]was in sch), new hat Iwas nt learing the Maori culture. Asa result separated fom ny grandparents. lt empty inside and dierent from my family ‘Manri isan endangered Tange and ifchidren op learning t wlleveataly di. Ldo not vat to see Mao disgppeuSo now that a an adult and ave children of my own, decided wanted my eideen tolear thee native aaguige [ound preschool that teaches children Mzon before they enter schol where they wl een Engh The schools are called “Tanguaye nests” Language nests hegan in 198, when a group of Mace! ender saw hat Maori was endangered And ying, They decided to do something. They dd not ‘want wat rth government odo anything go they got logetier and came up with che ea of preschools vwhecechikren can lear Maori, Now there are over ‘0 anguage nest nd more than 9,00 children go to school ai anguage nests Language nest arabs part ‘Maori education “Through the language nests, cen lear about the ‘les and trations ofthe Mari culture. Fo example, ‘we havea sirng ble in love compassion, crag, hospi family sesponsbities and respect for elders Alo chien ear our Maced tre, whic, ate big pat of ur tration. S, children learn about aor clue a ellasthe igusge Weare als eying to elp aus earn Maar. Forinstance, now attend case hat meetin ‘vighbochvod cents, where the teachers areal older ‘Maori usually grandparents. Another way als ‘anlara isby attending week loog cases In these ‘courses, no Eoghsh spoken all week! Everythings ‘Maori Now there are muy more adults who speak “Maori ants encourages our children who az alzo learning aoe. Language clases ave relly hlpes to preserve Mao 212 Audioscriot ‘Als, in 1987, the goverament ecognined Maori asthe oficial nguage of New Zealand, with Eaglsh too This wllalso Help preserve the Mao language Page 177, Listening Skill Excerpt One ‘Wowane We areas trying to help aul earn Mace. or instance, I now tend clases tht meetin anegbothood center, whee the teachers all older Maori esualygrandparens. Anoier way adults can leer ity atooding weeklong cases. Ia these oures, 20 English is spoken all wee! Everything is Macs Bacerpt To Pxoresson: Now, how do you tinklanguages become endangered and etna? Srupenr 3: Wel, 1 guess nobody spe them or swudles them, Prowesson: Yes And here ae several esos why Jnguages can become endangere Cnereascn is Sometimes the government mast ileal oeach ‘he language in schoo. For example bere 1987, yas legato teach the Hevain language io Hails public choos ws ict or children to acquire Hawai, Page 178, Connect the Listenings, Step On: Organize Excerpt One ‘Womans In choo Ilearned and spoke Englah, ‘This is because Engl was the ofl language. Everything was taught ia Eaglh in echool That was {he goverament policy. Excerpt Two Wowan: only heard Maot when wat with my grandprents. could undoestnd ite Maori, bat ould nt speak it Ieould not hive x conversation th _ny grandparents because they dd at speak English Excerpt Three ‘Womay: When I ws in schoo, Lknew tat Twas not Jexning the Maor culture. As rest fet separated from my grandparents. felt empty inside and diferent ftom my family, Excerpt Four ‘Won: I founda preschool that teas children Maori before they ete school where thy wil earn English The school aeclled language nest" Language ness began in 198, when a group of Mor leaders sw tat ari was endangered and ding. ‘They decied todo something They didnot want nit forthe government odo snyeing, they got together and came up withthe idea of preschodls shee cldren cou ean Maori. Now there are oer 400 language nests and more tha 8,000 chide go 0 schon at language nets. Language nes are big pare of Maori education Excerpt Fre ‘Woman: Also in 1987, he government recognized Moor a the offic Ingusgeof New Zealand with English to, This wil algo help preseree the Maori Ianguage cals trying to help als arn Maori. For inanee, {now tend clases that eet in a neighborhnod centr, whore the teachers areal oder Maccis, usualy prandparents. Another way ads, ‘an earn isby steading week long dais. In these «couse, no English spoken all week! Audioscript 213